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2002年考研英语真题及答案

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections：This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English。

You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this Section，Part A，Part B and Part C。

Remember，while you are doing the test，you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1。

Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1 —5，you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch。

While you listen，fill out the table with the inf ormation you’ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table。

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selectionof recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer allyour answers from your test booklet to A NSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen,heard. Some of the information has been given to youfill out the table with the information you’vein the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Welch’s Personal InformationPlace of Birth PhiladelphiaYear of Birth 1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year) 1920Major at University 1Final Degree PhDYear of Marriage 1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year) 2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age) 3Main Interest 4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year) 5Death (Age) 77Part BDirections:For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, completethe sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)Besides reporters, who else were camped out 6for days outside the speaker’s home?apartmentOne reporter got to the speaker’s 7pretending to pay.The speaker believed the reporter wanted a 8picture of her lookingWhere is a correction to a false story usually 9placed?According to the speaker, the press will lose10readers unless the editors and the newsdirectorsPart CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or[D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only.(10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children’s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? [A] How muchexercise they get every day.[B] What they are most worried about.[C] How long their parents accompany them daily.[D] What entertainment they are interested in.12. The academy suggests that children under age two ________.[A] get enough entertainment[B] have more activities[C] receive early education[D] have regular checkups13. According to the report, children’s bedrooms should ________.[A] be no place for play[B] be near a common area[C] have no TV sets[D] have a computer for studyQuestions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?[A] Family debts.[B] Bank savings.[C] Monthly bills.[D] Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit?[A] $190,000.[B] $330,000.[C] $500,000.[D] $1,000,000.16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?[A] Invest into a mutual fund.[B] Use the discount tickets.[C] Quit his eating-out habit.[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Which word best describes the lawyer’s prediction of the change in divorce rate?[A] Fall[B] Rise[C] V-shape[D] Zigzag18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A] To embrace changes of thought.[B] To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C] To return to the practice in the ‘60s and ‘70s.[D] To create stability in their lives.19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A] They feared the complicated procedures.[B] They wanted to go against the trend.[C] They were afraid of losing face.[D] they were willing to stay together.20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would have ________.[A] been shifted around the country.[B] had difficulty being promoted.[C] enjoyed a happier life.[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.THIS IS THE END OF SECTION IDO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTIONUNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO CONTINUE全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题(二)National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (2002)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。

2002年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2002年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.7 billion. Should that happen, it won’t be the 【B6】______ of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. 【B7】______ India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually 【B8】______ . The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 【B9】______ about 40% in the entire nation. The difference 【B10】______ the emphasis put on health programs, 【B11】______ birth control, by the state authorities, 【B12】______ in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist 【B13】______ . And an educational tradition and matrilineal (母系的) customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 【B14】______ good schooling. While one in three Indian women is 【B15】______ , 90%of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates 【B16】______ Family planning. “Unlike our Parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have 【B17】______ of them,” says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself 【B18】______ three children--one below the national 【B19】______ of four. That kind of restraint (抑制, 克制) will keep Kerala from putting added 【B20】______ on world food supplies.56．【B1】______A．discoveredB．circulatedC．launchedD．transmitted正确答案：C解析：该句意为“中国开展了计划生育”，表示“开展”需要用launch。

2002年考研英语真题及参考答案

2002年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题Section I Listening Comprehension（略）Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. ②Yet much had happened 21 . ③As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. ④It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. ⑤Not everyone sees that process in 28 . ⑥It is important to do so.①It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . ②As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. ③They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 .①It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. ②The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. ③“Beneﬁts” have been weighed 40 “harmful” outcomes. ④And generalizations have proved difﬁcult.21. [ A ] between [ B ] before [ C ] since [ D ] later22. [ A ] after [ B ] by [ C ] during [ D ] until23. [ A ] means [ B ] method [ C ] medium [ D ] measure24. [ A ] process [ B ] company [ C ] light [ D ] form25. [ A ] gathered [ B ] speeded [ C ] worked [ D ] picked26. [ A ] on [ B ] out [ C ] over [ D ] off27. [ A ] of [ B ] for [ C ] beyond [ D ] into28. [ A ] concept [ B ] dimension [ C ] effect [ D ] perspective29. [ A ] indeed [ B ] hence [ C ] however [ D ] therefore30. [ A ] brought [ B ] followed [ C ] stimulated [ D ] characterized31. [ A ] unless [ B ] since [ C ] lest [ D ] although32. [ A ] apparent [ B ] desirable [ C ] negative [ D ] plausible33. [ A ] institutional [ B ] universal [ C ] fundamental [ D ] instrumental34. [ A ] ability [ B ] capability [ C ] capacity [ D ] faculty35. [ A ] by means of [ B ] in terms of [ C ] with regard to [ D ] in line with36. [ A ] deeper [ B ] fewer [ C ] nearer [ D ] smaller37. [ A ] context [ B ] range [ C ] scope [ D ] territory38. [ A ] regarded [ B ] impressed [ C ] inﬂuenced [ D ] effected39. [ A ] competitive [ B ] controversial [ C ] distracting [ D ] irrational40. [ A ] above [ B ] upon [ C ] against [ D ] withSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. ②Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. ③Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. ④If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.①Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. ②A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. ③He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. ④Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. ⑤“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. ⑥“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”①If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. ②With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. ③You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Ofﬁce or the telephone system.①If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural.②Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. ③Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are makinga light-hearted remark.①Look for the humor. ②It often comes from the unexpected. ③A twist on a familiar quote “If at ﬁrst you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. ④Searchfor exaggeration and understatement. ⑤Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.41.To make your humor work, you should_______.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are_______.[A] impolite to new arrivals [B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours43.It can be inferred from the text that public services_______.[A] have beneﬁted many people [B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock44.To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered_______.[A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible45.The best title for the text may be_______.[A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2①Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. ②That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. ③And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science ﬁction, they have begun to come close.①As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. ②Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. ③Our banking is done at automated tellerterminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. ④Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. ⑤And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.①But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. ②“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a speciﬁc error,”says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”①Indeed the quest for true artiﬁcial intelligence has produced very mixed results. ②Despitea spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.①What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated —than previously imagined. ②They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. ③But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. ④The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in_______.[A] the use of machines to produce science ﬁction[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry[C] the invention of tools for difﬁcult and dangerous work[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work47. The word “gizmos” (line1, paragraph2) most probably means_______.[A] programs [B] experts [C] devices [D] creatures48. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot thatcan_______.[A] fulﬁll delicate tasks like performing brain surgery[B] interact with human beings verbally[C] have a little common sense[D] respond independently to a changing world49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also_______.[A] make a few decisions for themselves[B] deal with some errors with human intervention[C] improve factory environments[D] cultivate human creativity50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are_______.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information[D] best used in a controlled environmentText 3①Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? ②Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. ③This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. ④Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. ⑤So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?①The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.②Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.①Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. ②In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. ③In Europe, taxes account for up to four-ﬁfths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past.①Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. ②Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. ③Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. ④For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. ⑤The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. ⑥That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. ⑦On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.①One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inﬂation and global excess demand. ②A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline.③The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. ④In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is________.[A] global inﬂation [B] reduction in supply[C] fast growth in economy [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if________.[A] price of crude rises [B] commodity prices rise[C] consumption rises [D] oil taxes rise53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries________.[A] heavy industry becomes more energy intensive[B] income loss mainly results from ﬂuctuating crude oil prices[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed[D] oil price changes have no signiﬁcant impact on GDP54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that________.[A] oil price shocks are less shocking now[B] inﬂation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry55. From the text we can see that the writer seems________.[A] optimistic [B] sensitive [C] gloomy [D] scaredText 4①The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.①Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.①Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.①Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufﬁcient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.”①George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. ②“It’s like surgery,” he says. ③“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. ④If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”①On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.①Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care atthe End of Life. ②It identiﬁes the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.①The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.①Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. ②“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.”③He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”56. From the ﬁrst three paragraphs, we learn that________.[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’ pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’ death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justiﬁed by his intentions.58. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is________.[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufﬁcient hospital care59. Which of the following best deﬁnes the word “aggressive” ( line 3, paragraph 7 )?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate.60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they________.[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to ﬁnd. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difﬁcult to discover and analyze. (63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientiﬁc views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures—National and International”. In the essay you should1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2) give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）Section III Reading ComprehensionPart AText141. C. address different problems to different people42. B. very conscious of their godlike role43. D. have often been the laughing stock44. D. as casually as possible45. A. Use Humor EffectivelyText246. C. the invention of tools for difﬁcult and dangerous work47. C. devices48. D. respond independently to a changing world49. B. deal with some errors with human intervention50. C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant informationText351. B. reduction in supply52. D. oil taxes rise53. D. oil price changes have no signiﬁcant impact on GDP54. A. oil price shocks are less shocking now55. A. optimisticText456. B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives57. C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.58. B. inadequate treatment of pain59. A. Bold60. D. prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart B61.难题之一在于几乎所有所谓的行为科学都继续从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

2002年考研英语真题及答案解析(卷二)

考研资料2002年全国研究生入学考试（二）及参考答案（精校版）英语2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .It was within the computer age that the ter m “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.1. ［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later2. ［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until3. ［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure4. ［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form5. ［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked6. ［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off7. ［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into8. ［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective9. ［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore10. ［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized11. ［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although12. ［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible13. ［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental14. ［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty15. ［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to［D］in line with16. ［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller17. ［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory18. ［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected19. ［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational20. ［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending onwhom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21. To make your humor work, you should .[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible25. The best title for the text may be .[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with theirhands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means.[A] programs［B］experts［C］devices ［D］creatures28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can.[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B] interact with human beings verbally.[C] have a little common sense.[D] respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .[A] make a few decisions for themselves.[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.[C] improve factory environments.[D] cultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D] best used in a controlled environment.Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______[A] global inflation.[B] reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy.[D] Iraq’s suspension of exports.32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if______.[A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise.[C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise.33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic. ［B］sensitive. ［C］gloomy. ［D］scared.Text 4The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicineseeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medi cation to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 4, paragraph 7)?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics andbiology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. （42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. （44）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?（45）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing46. Directions:Stu dy the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should1. describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2. give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。

2024年同等学力申硕英语考试真题

2024年同等学力申硕英语考试真题2024 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (English)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.1. A) At a news conference. B) In a classroom. C) At a restaurant. D) In a library.2. A) She is sick. B) She is busy. C) She is on vacation. D) She is changing jobs.3. A) The man should have told her. B) She is surprised at the price. C) The man should discuss it with her. D) She agrees with the man.4. A) He will ask his friend for help. B) He will fix it himself. C) He knows nothing about it. D) He will hire someone to do it.5. A) She wants to be excused from going. B) She plans to go.C) She has an important event that night. D) She doesn't know if she'll be able to make it.6. A) They should have partied more. B) She should eat more fruit. C) They should hurry to get to the beach on time. D) She should get ready faster.7. A) The man is almost out of gas. B) The woman is out of gas. C) The man is almost at a gas station. D) The man needs to buy gas before he leaves.8. A) Purple. B) White. C) Black. D) Green.9. A) Guitar lessons. B) Drawing lessons. C) Piano lessons. D) Dance lessons.10. A) Go to a concert. B) Prepare for a test. C) Play chess. D) Attend a play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage One11.What induces people to give more strength to their satisfaction when writing an online journal entry than they do in their oral communication?A) The fact that in written communication mistakes can be corrected easily.B) The fact that journal writing is an individual activity.C) The fact that the written record can be later reviewed.D) The fact that journal writing is less time-consuming than oral communication.12. What shows advantages of blog as a form of communication?A) It makes interpersonal relationships easier to maintain.B) It attracts more readers than traditional diary writing.C) It allows readers to make anonymous comments.D) It provides more space for longer messages.Passage TwoQuestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.What does the speaker think of online learning?A) It lacks practical experiences. B) It is suitable for everyone.C) It provides more chances for interaction. D) It is more suitable for working professionals.14. Who are more likely to choose online learning?A) Unemployed people. B) Those with limited access to traditional education.C) College students. D) Working professionals.15. What is the advantage of an online classroom?A) It allows students to learn at their own pace.B) It provides more opportunity for face-to-face interaction.C) It offers students the experience of living on campus.D) It helps students develop lifelong friendships.Passage ThreeQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. Why is it difficult for researchers to study sleep's impact on health?A) Research subjects often fake their sleep patterns.B) Sleep patterns vary greatly from person to person.C) Technologies are not advanced enough to record sleep patterns.D) It is difficult to recruit sufficient volunteers.17. What is proved by the findings of the study?A) Inconsistent sleep patterns lead to health problems.B) Poor sleep quality causes mental disorders.C) High-quality sleep helps reduce obesity.D) A relaxing bedtime routine is essential for good sleep.18. What is the speaker's advice for a restful night's sleep?A) Keep irregular sleep habits. B) Drink coffee before going to bed.C) Establish a calming bedtime routine. D) Avoid relaxing activities before bedtime.19. Why do some people refuse to take the study results to heart?A) They are too busy to follow the advice. B) They are skeptical about the researchers.C) They think too much sleep is a waste of time. D) They doubt the accuracy of the study results.20. Why is it important for people to monitor their sleep habits?A) To ensure a healthy lifestyle. B) To please the researchers.C) To participate in a follow-up study. D) To relax their minds.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Noam Chomsky, the grandson of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe, was born in Philadelphia on December 7, 1928. He publicly opposed the Vietnam War in the 1960s and was arrested in 1967 for trying to disrupt military research at the Pentagon. Chomsky is well known for his profound impact on the philosophical and scientific understanding of human language.His major work Syntactic Structures and later The Chomsky Hierarchy have had a profound impact on linguistics, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind. Chomsky's views on language acquisition revolutionized the field of linguistics. He argued that children are born with an innate ability to learn language and that the process of language acquisition ishard-wired into the human brain.21. What was Noam Chomsky's impact on the field of linguistics?A) He developed a new language. B) He published Syntactic Structures.C) He revolutionized language acquisition. D) He founded the Chomsky Hierarchy.22. Why was Chomsky arrested in 1967?A) For disrupting military research. B) For opposing the Vietnam War.C) For advocating human language. D) For his views on cognitive psychology.23. According to Chomsky, how does language acquisition occur?A) Through hard work. B) Through environmental exposure.C) Through cultural immersion. D) Through innate ability.24. What did Chomsky argue about children and language acquisition?A) They need formal education. B) They are hard-wired to learn language.C) They learn language from their parents. D) They need to be exposed to multiple languages.25. What are the subjects of Chomsky's major works?A) Cognitive psychology. B) Philosophy of mind.C) Military research. D) Language and linguistics.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Creating a positive classroom environment is crucial for student success and engagement. An environment that promotes trust, safety, and respect can enhance student motivation and learning outcomes. Here are some key factors that contribute to a positive classroom atmosphere:Clear expectations and guidelines that are consistently enforced; A supportive and inclusive classroom culture that values diversity; Opportunities for student participation and collaboration; Effective communication between teachers and students; Encouragement of critical thinking skills and creativity.26. Why is a positive classroom environment important?A) It enhances student motivation. B) It enforces clear guidelines.C) It creates a competitive atmosphere. D) It limits student participation.27. What contributes to a positive classroom atmosphere?A) Consistent enforcement of rules. B) A competitive culture.C) A lack of diversity. D) A strict teacher-student relationship.28. What kind of classroom culture values diversity?A) A conservative culture. B) An inclusive culture.C) A hierarchical culture. D) A singular culture.29. How can teachers promote a positive classroom atmosphere?A) Through limited communication. B) By discouraging critical thinking.C) By encouraging creativity. D) Through strict enforcement of guidelines.30. What does a positive classroom environment promote?A) Student engagement. B) Student competition.C) Teacher control. D) Limited participation.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gained significant attention in recent years. Research shows that individuals with high EI are more likely to succeed in various aspects of life, including personal relationships, academic achievement, and career success. Developing emotional intelligence is essential for effective communication, conflict resolution, empathy, and self-awareness.EI consists of five key components: self-awareness,self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. By understanding and enhancing these components, individuals can improve their emotional intelligence and overall well-being.31. What is emotional intelligence (EI)?A) An academic achievement. B) A career success factor.C) An aspect of personal relationships. D) A concept of recent attention.32. What does research show about individuals with high EI?A) They are less likely to succeed in life. B) They lackself-awareness.C) They are more likely to succeed in various aspects of life.D) They are not motivated.33. Why is developing EI essential?A) For academic achievement. B) For conflict resolution.C) For career success. D) For self-improvement.34. What are the five key components of EI?A) Self-regulation only. B) Self-awareness, self-regulation, and empathy.C) Self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. D) Self-awareness and self-regulation only.35. How can individuals improve their emotional intelligence?A) By avoiding social interactions. B) By understanding and enhancing key components.C) By focusing solely on career success. D) By ignoringself-awareness.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Nature plays a significant role in human health andwell-being. Research shows that spending time in nature can reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance overall mental health.Nature therapy, also known as ecotherapy, has gained popularity as a form of treatment for various mental health conditions.There are many ways to incorporate nature therapy into daily life, such as spending time in natural settings like parks, forests, or gardens; engaging in outdoor activities like hiking, gardening, or bird-watching; practicing mindfulness and meditation in nature; and disconnecting from technology and reconnecting with the natural world.36. What role does nature play in human health andwell-being?A) A minor role. B) No role. C) A significant role. D) An insignificant role.37. What does research show about spending time in nature?A) It increases stress. B) It decreases mood.C) It enhances overall mental health. D) It limits mental health.38. What has gained popularity as a form of treatment for mental health conditions?A) Meditation. B) Yoga. C) Nature therapy. D) Ecotherapy.39. How can nature therapy be incorporated into daily life?A) By spending time indoors. B) By avoiding outdoor activities.C) By practicing mindfulness indoors. D) By engaging in outdoor activities.40. How can individuals reconnect with nature?A) By spending more time with technology. B) By avoiding natural settings.C) By disconnecting from technology. D) By practicing mindfulness indoors.Section BDirections: In this section, you will read 2 passages and answer some questions or complete statements. Use the passage to answer the questions or complete the statements. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.The importance of multicultural education in today's diverse world cannot be overstated. Multicultural education aims to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in the classroom and beyond. It acknowledges and celebrates different cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions, and perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging and respect among students.By incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum, teachers can provide students with a more holistic and inclusive learning experience. This approach helps students develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures, strengthening their empathy, communication skills, and critical thinking abilities.41. What is the aim of multicultural education?A) To limit diversity. B) To promote diversity, equity, and inclusion.C) To restrict cultural backgrounds. D) To isolate students.42. What does multicultural education acknowledge and celebrate?A) Different languages only. B) Different cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions, and perspectives.C) Tradition only. D) Perspectives only.43. How does multicultural education benefit students?A) By limiting their understanding. B) By limiting their perspective.C) By providing a holistic and inclusive learning experience.D) By isolating them from diverse cultures.44. How does multicultural education strengthen students' empathy?A) By limiting their cultural experiences. B) By limiting their communication skills.C) By providing a deeper understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures. D) By isolating them from diversity.45. What are the outcomes of incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum?A) Strengthening students' limitations. B) Strengthening students' empathy.C) Limiting students' critical thinking abilities. D) Limiting students' communication skills.Passage TwoQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. It poses significant threats to the environment, human health, and the economy. To address these challenges, individuals, communities, governments, and businesses must take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and promote sustainable practices.Climate change impacts various aspects of life, including weather patterns, sea levels, biodiversity, and food security. By taking proactive measures to mitigate the effects of climate change, we can create a more sustainable and resilient future for generations to come.46. What is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time?A) Climate change. B) Water crisis. C) Pollution. D) Overpopulation.47. How does climate change impact the environment?A) Positively. B) Negatively. C) Minimally.48. What must individuals, communities, governments, and businesses do to address climate change?A) Nothing. B) Take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. C) Continue current practices.49. What aspects of life does climate change impact?A) Weather patterns. B) Financial markets. C) Biodiversity.50. How can proactive measures mitigate the effects of climate change?A) By increasing greenhouse gas emissions. B) By transitioning to non-renewable energy sources. C) By creating a sustainable and resilient future.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.51. Relying solely on social media for news updates could lead to _____ misinformation.A) an increase in B) a surge of C) an influx of D) a proliferation of52. The new company policy requires employees to _____ their work before submitting it to their supervisor.A) edit B) revised C) subvert D) concoct53. The conference committee ____ to hold the event outdoors due to favorable weather conditions.A) determined B) highlighted C) faltered D) limited54. The management team decided to ____ the proposal after considering the potential risks.A) scour B) override C) align D) endorse55. The construction of the new subway line has been ____ delayed due to unexpected funding issues.A) harshly B) promptly C) visibly D) significantly56. The students were _____ for their hard work and dedication to the project.A) criticized B) invalidated C) recognized D) overlooked57. The _____ of plastic bags has been banned in many countries to reduce pollution.A) discretion B) proliferation C) confiscation D) utilization58. The team must _____ their strategies to adapt to the changing market conditions.A) appeal B) dedicate C) modify D) fluctuate59. The home renovation project was _____ due to the contractor's failure to secure the necessary permits.A) compromised B) endorsed C) validated D) optimized60. The new software program allows users to _____ their files securely on the cloud.A) endorse B) retrieve C) utilize D) redeemPart IV Reading Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.PassageThe global economy is facing unprecedented challenges due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The (61) ____ of the virus has disrupted supply chains, halted international trade, and caused widespread economic uncertainty. As countries (62) ____ with the impact of the pandemic, policymakers are (63) ____ to implement measures to mitigate the economic fallout and support struggling industries. The resilience and adaptability of the global economy will be tested as nations work together to (64) ____ from the crisis and build a more sustainable future. It is essential for governments, businesses, and individuals to collaborate and (65) ____ innovative solutions to navigate the challenges ahead.Word Bank:A) outbreakB) recoverC) collaborateD) grappleE) implementSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage(66) ____A) Multicultural education aims to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in the classroom and beyond. It acknowledges and celebrates different cultural backgrounds, languages, traditions, and perspectives, fostering a sense of belonging and respect among students. By incorporating multicultural education into the curriculum, teachers can provide students with a more holistic and inclusive learning experience.B) Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of our time. It poses significant threats to the environment, human health, and the economy. To address these challenges, individuals, communities, governments, andbusinesses must take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, transition to renewable energy sources, and promote。

2002年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案

2002年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A (每题1分，共5分)Directions:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you?ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)1、Major at University2、Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year)3、Field Study in the South Pacific (Age)4、Main Interest5、Professorship at Columbia Started (Year)Section Ⅰ Part B(每题1分，共5分)Directions: For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-knownU.S.journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)6、Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker?s home?7、 One reporter got to the speaker?s apartment pretending to pay8、The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking9、Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?10、According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the editors and the news directors .Section Ⅰ Part C （共三节，满分10分）Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A] ，[B]，[C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points) Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children?s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11、What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?[A]How much exercise they get every day.[B]What they are most worried about.[C]How long their parents accompany them daily.[D]What entertainment they are interested in.12、The academy suggests that children under age two[A]get enough entertainment.[B]have more activities.[C]receive early education.[D]have regular checkups.13、According to the report, children?s bedrooms should[A]be no place for play.[B]be near a commom area.[C]have no TV sets.[D]have a computer for study.Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14.According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?[A]Family debts.[B]Bank savings.[C]Monthly bills.[D]Spending habits.15、How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack?a?day habit?[A]$190，000[B]$330，000[C]$500，000[D]$1，000，00016、What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?[A]Invest into a mutual fund.[B]Use the discount tickets.[C]Quit his eating?out habit.[D]Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Gliederman, a domestic?relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17.Which word best describes the lawyer?s prediction of the change in divorce rate?[A]Fall.[B]Rise.[C]V?shape.[D]T?shape.18、What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A]To embrace changes of thought.[B]To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C]To return to the practice in the ?60s and ?70s.[D]To create stability in their lives.19、Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A]They feared the complicated procedures.[B]They wanted to go against the trend.[C]They were afraid of losing face.[D]They were willing to stay together.20、Years ago a divorced man in a company would have.[A]been shifted around the country.[B]had difficulty being promoted.[C]enjoyed a happier life.[D]tasted little bitterness of disgrace.Section II Use of English（满分10分）Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (21)[]. As was discussed before, it was not (22)[] the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre?electronic (23)[], following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (24)[] of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (25)[] up,beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (26)[] through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (27)[] the 20th?century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees the process in (28)[]. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (29)[], that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (30)[] by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (31)[] its impact on the media was not immediately (32)[]. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became “personal”too. as well as (33)[], with display becoming sharper and storage (34)[] increasing. They were thought of, like people, (35)[] generations, with the distance between generations much (36)[]. It was within the computer age that the term “information society”began to be widely used to describe the (37)[] within which we now live. The communications revolution has (38)[] both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (39)[] views about its economic ,political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed (40)[] “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21、[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later22、[A]after[B]by[C]during[D]until23、[A]means[B]method[C]medium[D]measure24、[A]process[B]company[C]light[D]form25、[A]gathered[B]speeded[C]worked[D]picked26、[A]on[B]out[C]over[D]off27、[A]of[B]for[C]beyond[D]into28、[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect[D]perspective29、[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however[D]therefore30、[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized31、[A]unless[B]since[C]lest[D]although32、[A]apparent[B]desirable[C]negative[D]plausible33、[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental[D]instrumental34、[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[D]faculty35[A]by means of[B]in terms of[C]with regard to[D]in line with36、[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer[D]smaller37、[A]context[B]range[C]scope[D]territory38、[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced[D]effected39、[A]competitive[B]controversial[C]distracting[D]irrational40、[A]above[B]upon[C]against[D]withSection ⅢReading Comprehension Part A （满分40分）Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Passage1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh,that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.41. To make your humor work, you should ________.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours43. It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered________.[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible45. The best title for the text may be ________.[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor Strategiespassage 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics — the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for thetransaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy —far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves — goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world."Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented — and human perception far more complicated — than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in ________.[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work47. The word "gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means ________.[A] programs[B] experts[C] devices[D] creatures48. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can ________.[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery[B] interact with human beings verbally[C] have a little common sense[D] respond independently to a changing world49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also ________.[A] make a few decisions for themselves[B] deal with some errors with human intervention[C] improve factory environments[D] cultivate human creativity50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are ________.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information[D] best used in a controlled environmentpassage 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies —to which heavy industry has shifted — have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ________.[A] global inflation[B] reduction in supply[C] fast growth in economy[D] Iraq's suspension of exports52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ________.[A] price of crude rises[B] commodity prices rise[C] consumption rises[D] oil taxes rise53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries ________.[A] heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive[B] income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed[D] oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ________.[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ________.[A] optimistic[B] sensitive[C] gloomy[D] scaredpassage 4The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients' pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery," he says. "We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessingand treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension."56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.58. According to the NAS's report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is ________.[A] prolonged medical procedures[B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse[D] insufficient hospital care59. Which of the following best defines the word "aggressive" (line 1, paragraph7)?[A] Bold.[B] Harmful.[C] Careless.[D] Desperate.60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they ________.[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsSection Ⅲ Part B (每题2分，共10分)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.(61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.(62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.(63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.(64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?(65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section IV Writing?66. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures —National and International".?In the essay you should?1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and?2) give your comment on the phenomenon.?You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)?2002年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)Part A (5 points)1. sociology2. 19303. 234. religions5. 1954 Part B (5 points)6. cameramen/camera men7. a personal visit8. depressed9. among advertisements10. take firm actionPart C (10 points)11. [D] 12. [B] 13. [C] 14. [D] 15. [B]16. [A] 17. [A] 18. [D] 19. [C] 20. [B]Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [A] 22. [D] 23. [C] 24. [B] 25. [B]26. [A] 27. [D] 28. [D] 29. [C] 30. [B]31. [D] 32. [A] 33. [A] 34. [C] 35. [B]36. [D] 37. [A] 38. [C] 39. [B] 40. [C]Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) Part A (40 points)41. [C] 42. [B] 43. [D] 44. [D] 45. [A]46. [C] 47. [C] 48. [D] 49. [B] 50. [C]51. [B] 52. [D] 53. [D] 54. [A] 55. [A]56. [B] 57. [C] 58. [B] 59. [A] 60. [D]Part B (10 points)61. 难题这一大于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

2002年同等学力英语真题及参考答案

2002年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试及参考答案Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points) （略）Part II Vocabulary (15 minutes, 15 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are fifteen sentences , each with one word or phrase underlined . Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. I’d like to take this opportunity t o extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host .A. increaseB. prolongC. intensifyD. express17. Chinese farmers are mostly living a simple and thrifty life as it is today.A. miserableB. economicalC. luxuriousD. sensible18. Many of the local residents left homes to ward off the danger of flooding.A. overcomeB. encloseC. encounterD. avoid19. The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.A. conferencesB. conversationsC. practicesD. formations20. Personality in Americans is further complicated by successive waves of immigration from various countries.A. uninterruptedB. successfulC. forcefulD. overwhelming21. Without question, people’s lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.A. Out of the questionB. No doubtC. NaturallyD. Obviously22. The dean can’t see you at the moment. He is addressing the first-year students in the lecture hall.A. complaining toB. arguing withC. speaking toD. consulting with23.He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.A. runs forB. runs againstC. runs overD. runs into24. As a result of sophisticated technologies, this device has several advantages over like products.A. traditionalB. intelligentC. industriousD. advanced25. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since he had a heart attack.A. improved a littleB. remained the sameC. become worseD. changed a lot26. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.A. lastingB. seriousC. terribleD. temporary27. One U.S. dollar is comparable to 131 Japanese yen according to China Daily’s finance news report yesterday.A. compatibleB. compactC. equalD. entitled28. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few poor citizens who couldn’t support themselves.A. attributedB. limitedC. connectedD. devoted29. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of narrow-minded prejudice.A. lesseningB. reflectingC. removingD. increasing30. When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it .A. passiveB. lifelongC. unhappyD. fatalSection BDirections: In this section, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31. This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to _______ twenty years to complete.A. spendB. consumeC. needD. take32. His effort of decades began to _______ . He came to be well-known for his findings.A. pay offB. die offC. put offD. break off33. The _______ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers，especially chain smokers.A. incidentB. accidentC. incidenceD. evidence34. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style _______ over another before being replaced.A. dominatesB. manipulatesC. overwhelmsD. prevails35. Mrs. Brown couldn’t shake the _______ the these kids were in deep trouble and it was up to her to help them.A. conversionB. convictionC. conservationD. convention36. X-rays are also called Rontgen rays _______ the discoverer who first put them to use.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in place ofD. in honor of37. Telecommunication developments have enabled people to send messages _______ television , radio and electronic mail.A. viaB. amidC. pastD. across38. Technology has _______ the sharing, storage and delivery of information , thus making more information available to more people.A. finishedB. furnishedC. functionedD. facilitated39. The philosophy class began with twenty students but three _______ after the midterm exam.A. picked upB. turned outC. dropped outD. kept up40. The following account by the author _______ the difference between European and American reactions.A. illustratesB. acquiresC. demandsD. deletes41. An intimate and _______ knowledge of how you are doing in the customer’s eyes is critical.A. objectiveB. subordinateC. optionalD. subsequent42. Long _______ to harmful pollutants is most likely to lead to a decline in health.A. contactB. touchC. useD. exposure43. The architectural differences may _______ confusion or discomfort for the foreign travelers.A. varyB. describeC. causeD. impress44. _______ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.A. Rather thanB. Apart fromC. Instead ofD. Owing to45. Even at discounted prices, these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond _______ for most of the world’s 40 million HIV-infected people.A. reachB. controlC. comprehensionD. imaginationPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes ,25 points)Directions:There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.One day at the Dessoto County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League teams.46. John Grisham is ________ at present.A. a writerB. a lawyerC. a professional baseball playerD. a congressman47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel?A. A case of murder.B. A case of rapeC. His father’s experienceD. His life on the farm48. The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on __________ ?A. how the girl was attackedB. the circumstances of the rapeC. how the gir l’s father took revengeD. how the case of rape was settled49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ?A. It was popular at the time of publicationB. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealthD. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property ________.A. to achieve his life’s goal as a professional baseball playerB. to coach children in baseballC. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD. to provide facilities of baseball training.Passage 2A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.For this reason, the international community has committed itsel f to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes,” although it is a difficult task. If we know measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimumof five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.51. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can __________ .A. free countries from foreign rulesB. speed up social progressC. give people freedomD. liberate people from any exploitation52. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ______ by 2015.A. get all the world’s children to complete primary schoolB. enroll all the world’s children into primary schoolC. give quality education to people of 88 countriesD. support those committed to transforming their education systems53. _________ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.A. 32B. 59C. 29D. 8854. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.B. Improving the quality of education.C. Using information technologies.D. Building more primary school.55. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid _________ .A. may not be highly effectiveB. is provided only when some criteria are metC. alone makes development possibleD. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behindPassage 3Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they’re been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区) . It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest---and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid---lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold----too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That’s one reason India is creating a second sa nctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions----a thousand animals----a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. “If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins,” says Stephen O’Brien, a geneticist (基因学家) who has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure ofcharm.Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to eat, meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope (羚羊), there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.56. In the first paragraph, the author tells us that Asiatic lions ______ .A. have killed off other lionsB. have descended from African lionsC. used to span vast sections of the globeD. have lost their habitat57. What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?A. Their friendliness.B. Their size.C. Their intimacy.D. Their vitality58. What does the sentence “…meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair” mean?A. The lions do not show intimacy among them any more.B. The lions may not deed to fight for food.C. Food is not readily available in that region.D. Meals can be obtained only with great effort59. The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because ______ .A. they have descended from a dozen or so ancestorsB. they are smaller than the African lionsC. they do not have enough to eatD. they are physically weaker than the African lions60. One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that ___A. the present sanctuary is not large enoughB. scientists want to do more research on themC. they have killed many peopleD. the forest is shrinking in sizePassage 4After retirement from medical, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed outrageous to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they were young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be relicensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic. We named it volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could----there are now 15 other clinics operating----but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north, to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol (泰诺：一种感冒药). A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around thecountry.61. What is the passage mainly about?A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B. The story of a man who likes to give others advice.C. The life and work of a great father.D. The inspiration of a father’s words62. The author of the passage is ________.A. a retired physicianB. a retired teacherC. a retired medical researcherD. a retired construction worker63. The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to ________.A. help retired medical workers improve their incomesB. provide free medical services to those who need themC. urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD. make the dream of the author’s father come true64. Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A. Buying the medical equipmentB. Finding the land and the office.C. Decorating the building that would become the clinic.D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors.''''65.In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” implies that ______.A. my father’s words fina lly reached McNeilB. McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC. My father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the northD. McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programsPassage 5Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew-his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize ——the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year, after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime(揭发) . Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation’s history, had some explaining to do about his own past.“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made,” said a wretched Ellis . It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army, he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia , but teaching history at West Point(西点军校). He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving—indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism(剽窃), fictionalizing military records, making up false academic certificates or worse . And, oddly, prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod: “It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known, those people can be haun ted by a sense of their own shortcomings. “From outside, these people look anything but fragile,” says Dennis Shulman, a New York psychoanalyst. “But inside, they feel hollow, empty.”66. Which of the following is true about Ellis?A. He is a famous professor of history at West Point.B. His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.C. He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.D. He has written a best-seller for a newspaper —The Boston Globe67. While Ellis served in the Army , he .A. combated in VietnamB. taught at a military schoolC. exaggerated his part as a historianD. made mistakes in the antiwar movement68. What did Ellis lie about?A. His war experience in Vietnam.B. His athletic records in high school.C. His role in the antiwar movement.D. All of the above.69. What does “ to climb the ladder” in the second paragraph mean?A. To become more successful.B. To inquire into one’s background.C. To cover one’s serious offenses.D. To go further in beautifying one’s past.70. According to psychologists, successful people who lie about themselves .A. take pride in their weaknessesB. feel weak in their heartsC. think nothing of othersD. look weak to othersPart IV Cloze (15 minutes , 10 points)Directions: In this part , there is a passage with twenty blanks . For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China 71 a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the 72. Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 73 the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India’s population will 74 China’s around the year 2028 75 about 1.7 billion. Should that happen, itwon’t be the 76 of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. 77 India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually 78 . The reason is No mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 79 about 40% in the entire nation.The difference 80 the emphasis put on health programs, 81 birth control, by the state authorities, 82 in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist 83 . And an educational tradition and matrilineal(母系的) customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 84 good schooling. While one in three Indian women is 85 , 90% of those in Kerala can read and write.Higher literacy rates 86 Family planning. “Unlike our Parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have 87 of them,” says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has Limited herself 88 three children—one below the national 89 of four. That kind of restraint(抑制；克制)will keep Kerala from putting added 90 on world food supplies.71. A. discovered B. circulated C. launched D. transmitted72. A. gap B. top C. bit D. bet73. A. as many as B. as well as C. as soon as D. as much as74. A. shake B. pass C. rocket D. impress75. A. on B. in C. at D. for76. A. force B. fight C. false D. fault77. A. While B. Since C. Because D. Suppose78. A. reliable B. stable C. countable D. flexible79. A. benefited from B. involved with C. compared with D. resulted from80. A. lies in B. shows off C. results in D. departs from81. A. reviving B. including C. practicing D. containing82. A. that B. since C. what D. which83. A. group B. alliance C. government D. bureau84. A. equally B. officially C. sharply D. proudly85. A. cultural B. literate C. native D. responsible86. A. foster B. hamper C. reform D. advocate87. A. less B. more C. fewer D. better88. A. in B. at C. as D. to89. A. statistics B. average C. tendency D. category90. A. increase B. challenge C. pressure D. complaintPaper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)Part I Error Detection and Correction (10 minutes , 10 points)Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect . Then, write down the corresponding letter and, without altering the meaning of the sentence , put the correction on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing theA B Cpatient in person.D2. Customers are asked to ensure that they have given correct change before leaving the shop asA B Cmistakes cannot be afterwards remedied.D3. This research program is financed by two funds, the largest of which could last for two years.A B C D4. The fact which a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor does not mean that he willA B Cindeed be able to act well on the stage.D5. There is few evidence that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages any betterA B Cthan adults in similar classroom situations.D6. Although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer, it can help you enjoying the yearsA B Cyou do live.D7. While schools developing online curricula try to strike a balance between profits and prestige,A Bmany educators are confusing about their role in this digital world.C D8. He was caught cheating in the examination. If he had had a tail, he would put it between hisA B C Dlegs.9. When he speaks at banquets , he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake handsA B Cwith every waiter and waitress.D10. Other guests at yesterday’s opening, which was broadcast alive by the radio station, includedA B C Dthe princess and her husband.Part II Translation (20 minutes , 10 points )Directions:Translate the following passage into English . Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.在过去20年中,世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。

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2002年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试及参考答案Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points)Part II Vocabulary (15 minutes, 15 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are fifteen sentences , each with one word or phrase underlined . Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. I’d like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to the host .A. increaseB. prolongC. intensifyD. express17. Chinese farmers are mostly living a simple and thrifty life as it is today.A. miserableB. economicalC. luxuriousD. sensible18. Many of the local residents left homes to ward off the danger of flooding.A. overcomeB. encloseC. encounterD. avoid19. The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.A. conferencesB. conversationsC. practicesD. formations20. Personality in Americans is further complicated by successive waves of immigration from various countries.A. uninterruptedB. successfulC. forcefulD. overwhelming21. Without question, people’s lives in China have improved dramatically in the past two decades.A. Out of the questionB. No doubtC. NaturallyD. Obviously22. The dean can’t see you at the moment. He is addressing the first-year students in the lecture hall.A. complaining toB. arguing withC. speaking toD. consulting with23.He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.A. runs forB. runs againstC. runs overD. runs into24. As a result of sophisticated technologies, this device has several advantages over like products.A. traditionalB. intelligentC. industriousD. advanced25. The patient’s condition has deteriorated since he had a heart attack.A. improved a littleB. remained the sameC. become worseD. changed a lot26. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.A. lastingB. seriousC. terribleD. temporary27. One U.S. dollar is comparable to 131 Japanese yen according to China Daily’s finance news repor t yesterday.A. compatibleB. compactC. equalD. entitled28. At that time work was restricted to slaves and to those few poor citizens who couldn’t support themselves.A. attributedB. limitedC. connectedD. devoted29. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of narrow-minded prejudice.A. lesseningB. reflectingC. removingD. increasing30. When a man knows that he will be put into prison if he uses a potentially deadly object to rob or do harm to another person, he will think twice about it .A. passiveB. lifelongC. unhappyD. fatalSection BDirections: In this section, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31. This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to _______ twenty years to complete.A. spendB. consumeC. needD. take32. His effort of decades began to _______ . He came to be well-known for his findings.A. pay offB. die offC. put offD. break off33. The _______ of lung cancer is particularly high among long-term heavy smokers，especially chain smokers.A. incidentB. accidentC. incidenceD. evidence34. Nothing is so uncertain as the fashion market where one style _______ over another before being replaced.A. dominatesB. manipulatesC. overwhelmsD. prevails35. Mrs. Brown couldn’t shake the _______ the these kids were in deep trouble and it was up to her to help them.A. conversionB. convictionC. conservationD. convention36. X-rays are also called Rontgen rays _______ the discoverer who first put them to use.A. in case ofB. in view ofC. in place ofD. in honor of37. Telecommunication developments have enabled people to send messages _______ television , radio and electronic mail.A. viaB. amidC. pastD. across38. Technology has _______ the sharing, storage and delivery of information , thus making more information available to more people.A. finishedB. furnishedC. functionedD. facilitated39. The philosophy class began with twenty students but three _______ after the midterm exam.A. picked upB. turned outC. dropped outD. kept up40. The following account by the author _______ the difference between European and American reactions.A. illustratesB. acquiresC. demandsD. deletes41. An intimate a nd _______ knowledge of how you are doing in the customer’s eyes is critical.A. objectiveB. subordinateC. optionalD. subsequent42. Long _______ to harmful pollutants is most likely to lead to a decline in health.A. contactB. touchC. useD. exposure43. The architectural differences may _______ confusion or discomfort for the foreign travelers.A. varyB. describeC. causeD. impress44. _______ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.A. Rather thanB. Apart fromC. Instead ofD. Owing to45. Even at discounted prices, these powerful AIDS drugs are far beyond _______ for most of the world’s 40 million HIV-infected people.A. reachB. controlC. comprehensionD. imaginationPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes ,25 points)Directions:There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.One day at the Dessoto County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what woul d have happened if the girl’s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, called A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham’s next novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, s pending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children, dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville, Virginia.When he’s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player, and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26Little League teams.46. John Grisham is ________ at present.A. a writerB. a lawyerC. a professional baseball playerD. a congressman47. What inspired Grisham to write his first novel?A. A case of murder.B. A case of rapeC. His father’s experienceD. His life on the farm48. The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on __________ ?A. how the girl was attackedB. the circumstances of the rapeC. how the girl’s father took revengeD. how the case of rape was settled49. Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm ?A. It was popular at the time of publicationB. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealthD. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50. It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property ________.A. to achieve his life’s goal as a professional baseball playerB. to coach children in baseballC. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD. to provide facilities of baseball training.Passage 2A quality education is the ultimate liberator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible.For this reason, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world’s children into primary school by 2015, a commitment known as Education for All.Can education for all be achieved by 2015? The answer is definitely “yes,” although it is a difficult task. If we know measure the goal in terms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion.Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by 2015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprecedented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solution, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty.A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country’s capacity to use aid well depends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.51. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can __________ .A. free countries from foreign rulesB. speed up social progressC. give people freedomD. liberate people from any exploitation52. Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for All is to ______ by 2015.A. get all the world’s children to complete primary schoolB. enroll all the world’s children into primary schoolC. give quality education to people of 88 countriesD. support those committed to transforming their education systems53. _________ countries are now at risk of not achieving education for all on the basis of completion rates.A. 32B. 59C. 29D. 8854. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?A. Raising the efficiency of education systems.B. Improving the quality of education.C. Using information technologies.D. Building more primary school.55. As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid _________ .A. may not be highly effectiveB. is provided only when some criteria are metC. alone makes development possibleD. is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behindPassage 3Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they’re been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe. Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory.India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区) . It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forest---and no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraid---lionhearted. Though they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir’s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It’s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can hold----too many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions move about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That’s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa’s Serengeti lions----a thousand animals----a fate that could easily happen to Gir’s cats. These lions are espec ially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. “If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins,” says Stephen O’Brien, a genetic ist (基因学家) who has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn’t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure of charm.Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it’s time to e at, meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a mother and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope (羚羊), there’s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.56. In the first paragraph, the author tells us that Asiatic lions ______ .A. have killed off other lionsB. have descended from African lionsC. used to span vast sections of the globeD. have lost their habitat57. What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?A. Their friendliness.B. Their size.C. Their intimacy.D. Their vitality58. What does the sentence “…meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair” mean?A. The lions do not show intimacy among them any more.B. The lions may not deed to fight for food.C. Food is not readily available in that region.D. Meals can be obtained only with great effort59. The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because ______ .A. they have descended from a dozen or so ancestorsB. they are smaller than the African lionsC. they do not have enough to eatD. they are physically weaker than the African lions60. One of the reasons why India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that ___A. the present sanctuary is not large enoughB. scientists want to do more research on themC. they have killed many peopleD. the forest is shrinking in sizePassage 4After retirement from medical, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island, I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed outrageous to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words, which he had asked his children daily when they we re young, rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn’t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be relicensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic. We named itvolunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could----there are now 15 other clinics operating----but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north, to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol (泰诺：一种感冒药). A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.61. What is the passage mainly about?A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B. The story of a man who likes to give others advice.C. The life and work of a great father.D. The inspiration of a father’s words62. The author of the passage is ________.A. a retired physicianB. a retired teacherC. a retired medical researcherD. a retired construction worker63. The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to ________.A. help retired medical workers improve their incomesB. provide free medical services to those who need themC. urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD. make the dream of the author’s father come true64. Which of the following has been done by the author himself?A. Buying the medical equipmentB. Finding the land and the office.C. Decorating the building that would become the clinic.D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors.''''65.In the last paragraph, “I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” implies that ______.A. my father’s words finally reached McNeilB. McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC. My father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the northD. McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programsPassage 5Even before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew-his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize ——the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year, after The Boston Globe carried acco unts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime(揭发) . Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation’s history, had some explaining to do about his own past.“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made,” said a wretched Ellis . It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army, he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia , but teaching history at West Point(西点军校). He’d als o overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthf ulness don’t always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving—indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism(剽窃), fictionalizing military records, making up false academic certificates or worse . And, oddly, prominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod: “It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known, those people can be haunted by a sense of t heir own shortcomings. “From outside, these people look anything but fragile,” says Dennis Shulman, a New York psychoanalyst. “But inside, they feel hollow, empty.”66. Which of the following is true about Ellis?A. He is a famous professor of history at West Point.B. His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.C. He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.D. He has written a best-seller for a newspaper —The Boston Globe67. While Ellis served in the Army , he .A. combated in VietnamB. taught at a military schoolC. exaggerated his part as a historianD. made mistakes in the antiwar movement68. What did Ellis lie about?A. His war experience in Vietnam.B. His athletic records in high school.C. His role in the antiwar movement.D. All of the above.69. What does “ to climb the ladder” in the second paragraph mean?A. To become more successful.B. To inquire into one’s background.C. To cover one’s serious offenses.D. To go further in beautifying one’s past.70. According to psychologists, successful people who lie about themselves .A. take pride in their weaknessesB. feel weak in their heartsC. think nothing of othersD. look weak to othersPart IV Cloze (15 minutes , 10 points)Directions: In this part , there is a passage with twenty blanks . For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China71 a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the 72. Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 73 the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India’s population will 74 China’s around the year 2028 75 about 1.7 billion. Should that happen, it won’t be the 76 of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India. 77 Ind ia as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala’s population is virtually 78 . The reason is No mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 79 about 40% in the entire nation.The difference 80 the emphasis put on health programs, 81 birth control, by the state authorities, 82 in 1957 became India’s first elected Communist 83 . And an educational tradition and matrilineal(母系的) customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 84 good schooling. While one in three Indian women is 85 , 90% of those in Kerala can read and write.Higher literacy rates 86 Family planning. “Unlike our Parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have 87 of them,” says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the Village of Kudamaloor. She has Limited herself 88 three children—one below the national 89 of four. That kind of restraint(抑制；克制)will keep Kerala from putting added 90 on world food supplies.71. A. discovered B. circulated C. launched D. transmitted72. A. gap B. top C. bit D. bet73. A. as many as B. as well as C. as soon as D. as much as74. A. shake B. pass C. rocket D. impress75. A. on B. in C. at D. for76. A. force B. fight C. false D. fault77. A. While B. Since C. Because D. Suppose78. A. reliable B. stable C. countable D. flexible79. A. benefited from B. involved with C. compared with D. resulted from80. A. lies in B. shows off C. results in D. departs from81. A. reviving B. including C. practicing D. containing82. A. that B. since C. what D. which83. A. group B. alliance C. government D. bureau84. A. equally B. officially C. sharply D. proudly85. A. cultural B. literate C. native D. responsible86. A. foster B. hamper C. reform D. advocate87. A. less B. more C. fewer D. better88. A. in B. at C. as D. to89. A. statistics B. average C. tendency D. category90. A. increase B. challenge C. pressure D. complaintPaper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)Part I Error Detection and Correction (10 minutes , 10 points)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect . Then, write down the corresponding letter and, without altering the meaning of the sentence , put the correction on the ANSWER SHEET.1. The new technology has made possible for the doctor to make diagnoses without seeing theA B Cpatient in person.D2. Customers are asked to ensure that they have given correct change before leaving the shop asA B Cmistakes cannot be afterwards remedied.D3. This research program is financed by two funds, the largest of which could last for two years.A B C D4. The fact which a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor does not mean that he willA B Cindeed be able to act well on the stage.D5. There is few evidence that children in language classrooms learn foreign languages any betterA B Cthan adults in similar classroom situations.D6. Although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer, it can help you enjoying the yearsA B Cyou do live.D7. While schools developing online curricula try to strike a balance between profits and prestige,A Bmany educators are confusing about their role in this digital world.C D8. He was caught cheating in the examination. If he had had a tail, he would put it between hisA B C Dlegs.9. When he speaks at banquets , he makes a point of going into the kitchen and to shake handsA B Cwith every waiter and waitress.D10. Other guests at yesterday’s opening, which was broadcast alive by the radio station, includedA B C Dthe princess and her husband.Part II Translation (20 minutes , 10 points )Directions:Translate the following passage into English . Write your translation on theANSWER SHEET.在过去20年中,世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。