4_Acoustic%20noise%20measurements

2008-01-08Acoustic noise measurements噪声测量Training of test stations in Beijing风电机组检测技术培训北京Outline概要1. International Rules for Noise Measurementson Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11风机噪声测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11 2. The WINDTEST procedure as one possibilityto carry out noise measurements on wind turbines –Breaks in between with time for discussionsWINDTEST的测试流程可以完成风机噪声测量——讲解过程中如有疑问可以随时打断以便讨论Topic 1: International Rules for Noise Measurements on Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11主题1:风机声学测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11•How to use noise measurement results-development and sales steps –如何使用声学测量结果——开发与销售•History of the main international guidelines主要国际规范的发展历史•IEC 61400-11 as a measurements guideline测试规范之一IEC 61400-11•Conclusions and future topics结论和将来的主题How to use Noise Measurement Results -Development and Sales Steps –如何使用噪声测量结果——开发与销售•Prototype testing and optimization (emission measurements)样机测试与优化(声发射测量)•Certification (emission measurements)认证(声发射测量)•Noise impact calculations (based on measurement results)噪声影响计算(基于测量结果)•Noise impact verification (immission measurements) 噪声影响证明(声注入测量)Prototype Testing and Optimization (Emission Measurements)•Testing of interacting components=> check the turbine regarding resonances •Optimization of interacting components=> minimize noise level by choosing the optimal components combination•Optimization of turbine control system=> get the best combination of maximum power output / optimal turbine behaviour and lowest noise样机测试与优化(声发射测量)•测试连接部件=> 检查风机的共振•优化连接部件=> 通过优化组件连接方式最大限度地降低声级•优化风机控制系统=> 在输出最大功率/优化风机动作和最低的噪声之间寻求最完美的结合Certification认证(Emission Measurements)(声发射测量)•Measurements have to be carried out according to a guideline accepted by certification authorities测量必须根据权威认证认可的规范执行•Measurement results will be acepted if they have been carried out by an accredited institute如果测试是由公认的测试机构完成的，那么测量结果也会获得认可•Results of certification measurements can be used nearly all over the world认证测量的结果几乎可以在全世界使用Noise Impact Calculations (Based on Measurement Results)•Estimation of impacting noise at the dwellings around a wind turbine or wind farm•For noise impact calculations the certification measurement results have to be used•Given reference values on the houses around depend on the guideline used in each country •Precondition to get a building permission for a wind turbine in many countries噪声影响计算(基于测量结果)•在风机或风场周围的住所的噪声影响评估•对于噪声的影响计算，需要使用认证测量结果•房屋周围的噪声参考值根据各个国家标准确定•前提是获得国家对安装风机的建筑施工许可Noise Impact Verification(Immission Measurements)噪声影响证明(声注入测量)•Measurements very close to dwellings around the wind farm shows the acoustic far distance behaviour在风电场周围的住所附近测量表明声音的远距离特性•Other noise sources around the dwellings may have an important influence in the measurement results住所周围的其他声源对测量结果影响非常大•Manufacturers possibilities: Even in case of a higher sound power level an impact compliance is possible制造商的可能性:即使出现了更高的声功率级，但使冲击变弱也是可能的Topic 1: International Rules for Noise Measurements on Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11•How to use noise measurement results-development and sales steps -•History of the main international guidelines •IEC 61400-11 as a measurements guideline •Conclusions and future topics主题1:风机声学测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11•如何使用声学测量结果——开发与销售•主要国际规范的发展历史•测试规范IEC 61400-11•结论和将来的主题History of the MainInternational Guidelines •1988: IEA recommendation ed. 2•1994: IEA recommendation ed. 3•1996: IEC 61400-11 ed. 1•1997: MEASNET ed. 1•2002: IEC 61400-11 ed. 2•2005:MEASNET ed. 2•(2009: IEC 61400-11 ed. 3 ?)主要国际规范的发展历史•1988: IEA推荐ed. 2•1994: IEA推荐ed. 3•1996: IEC 61400-11 ed. 1•1997: MEASNET ed. 1•2002: IEC 61400-11 ed. 2•2005:MEASNET ed. 2•(2009: IEC 61400-11 ed. 3 ?)History of International Guidelines-some Steps until Present Guidelines -•1988:-Wind speed measured exclusively anddirectly in 10 m height-Reference wind speed 8 m/s (10 m height)•1994: -Second wind screen was introduced-Wind speed calculated from measuredpower output parallel to met mast meas.•1998: -New tonality evaluation procedure国际规范发展历史——现有规范的一些发展•1988:-风速在10m高处单独测试-标准风速8 m/s (10 m 高度处)•1994: -引入辅助挡风屏-风速通过测试的输出功率和与之平行的测风塔来计算•1998: -新的音调评估程序History of International Guidelines-some Steps until Present Guidelines -•2002:-Wind speed range not less than 6-10 m/s in 10 m height-2nd order Regression instead ofBIN analysis-New tonality evaluation procedure •Since 2005 (only MEASNET, not IEC):-10 s averages instead of 1 min allowed-Nacelle wind speed for better correlation-Optimized met mast position国际规范发展历史——现有规范的一些发展步伐•2002:-10 m高度处的风速范围不少于6-10 m/s -使用二阶回归代替分仓-新的音调评估程序•自2005 (只针对MEASNET,而不是IEC):-允许使用10s平均代替1 min-机舱风速具有更好的相关性-优化的测风塔位置Topic 1: International Rules for Noise Measurements on Wind Turbines -Example: IEC 61400-11•How to use noise measurement results-development and sales steps -•History of the main international guidelines •IEC 61400-11 as a measurements guideline •Conclusions and future topics主题1:风机声学测量国际规范－参考: IEC 61400-11•如何使用声学测量结果——开发与销售•主要国际规范的发展历史•测试规范IEC 61400-11•结论和将来的主题IEC 61400-11 ed. 2.1•Measurements测量方法•Evaluation and further calculations评估和深入计算•Reporting报告Measurements测量方法•Calibration periods校准周期•Measurement positions测量位置•Acoustic measurements声学测量•Non-acoustic measurements非声学测量Calibration Periods •Equipment shall be checked regularly and be calibrated with traceability to a national or primary standards laboratoryDevice Calibration intervalAcoustic calibrator12 monthMicrophone24 monthIntegrating sound level meter24 monthSpectrum analyzer36 monthData recording system24 monthAnemometer24 monthElectric power transducer24 monthTable 23.a: Calibration intervals校准周期•测试设备需要定期检查并由国家的或高级的标准实验室标定设备标定间隔声音校准器12 个月麦克风24个月一体化声级计24个月频谱分析仪36个月数据记录系统24个月风速仪24个月电功率传感器24个月表24.a: 标定间隔Measurement Positions测量位置Fig. 25.1: Point for noise measurements图25.1: 噪声测试的测点布置Fig. 26.1: Distances for noise and meteorological measurements 图26.1: 噪声测量和气象测量的距离Fig. 27.1: Noise measurement positions (obligatory [1] and optional [2, 3, 4])图27.1: 噪声测量位置(必选位置[1] ，可选位置[2, 3, 4])Fig. 28.1: Noise measurement position (not only) in hilly terrain 图28.1: 噪声测量位置(不单是)多坡的地形Fig. 29.1: Microphone mounting on acoustically hard board 图29.1: 麦克风安装的硬质板Fig. 30.1: Met mast positioning area 图30.1: 测风塔安装区域Acoustic Measurements-What is to be Measured -•Apparent sound power level (for propagation calculations and turbine characterization)•3rd octave band levels (for propagation calculations)•Tonality (necessary how bothering the noise consistence is)•All values at the integer wind speeds 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 m/s relating to 10 m height•All further conspicuous noise characteristics声学测试——测试内容•视在声功率级(用于后续演算和机组特性描述)•1/3倍频程频带升级测量(用于后续演算)•音调(必要的，评估持续的噪音有多么令人厌烦)•所有数据需要转换到10 m高度处的整风速6, 7, 8, 9, 10 m/s•所有显著的噪音特性Acoustic Measurements•At the reference position at least 30 average values of noise measurements concurrent with wind speed for both operated and stopped turbine; if necessary several measurement series have to be taken•At least 3 average values per wind speed BIN( +/-0.5 m/s at each integer wind speed value)•Each mean value shall be averaged over not less than one minute声学测试•在基准位置处的风机噪声测试，对于运行和停机状态均至少需要与风速同步测试30组平均值；•必须要考虑几组测试序列：在每一个风速窗（即每一整风速处的±0.5m/s范围内）至少需要3组平均值。