2014年上海徐汇区高三英语二模试题(附答案)
2014年徐汇区高三英语二模2014.4第I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman. B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office. B. At a fast-food restaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk.3. A. One hour later. B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around ten minutes.4. A. $8. B. $12. C. $16. D. $20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number.6. A. What to take up as a hobby. B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with.7. A. Classmates. B. Lecturers. C. Strangers. D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it. B. He hasn‟t got a whole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking for a publisher now.9. A. A head waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer. D. A receptionist.10. A. He‟s not surprised at the woman‟s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won‟t give the woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.D. He understands the woman‟s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In small cups. B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored in the ground.12. A. It came from a river. B. It was extremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dug up from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers. B. An ancient method of fishing in rivers.C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way of trading foods in old times.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. She enjoyed removing others‟ drinks. B. She became more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. She wanted to keep her house in good order.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves to clean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes clean windows as my mother did.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called Paris Hilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver‟s seat in a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make an example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “little rich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican Party. “The judge 27______ have put her in jail for four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got only a four-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver's window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the streets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this bill to protect the public. There‟s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility seriously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The state senate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and Governor Schwarzenegger has promis ed to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said, “but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of California, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,” said Republican Tom Ridge, “are being attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers‟ book, Foremen: Leaders or Drivers? .In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance of effective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When the superintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked. He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger‟s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I‟d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I‟ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and eve rything. But he comes in first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I‟m in charge here today?” Tony grunted（发哼声）. “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know I‟m not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, …Good work, Tony‟ and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Telling Tales“Here‟s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That‟s the problem with gossip: it‟s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and 43______ the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “Let‟s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,” I‟m inviting you to a social 45______ in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it‟s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______. A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it‟s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer‟s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills, and a college education. Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urbanarea, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points about a location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of the world‟s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico‟s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51. A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading52. A. map B. mine C. shape D. honour53. A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately54. A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation55. A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible56. A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom57. A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable58. A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation59. A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences60. A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed61. A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes62. A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic63. A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social64. A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively65. A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. educationSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only do n‟t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person‟s body doesn‟t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it de pends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best underta ken with a doctor‟s supervision.66. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.67. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don‟t give the body everything it needs.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.68. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald‟s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald‟s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald‟s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald‟s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive‟s address, from the firm‟s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm‟s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald‟s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team‟s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, p roduces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald‟s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald‟s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board‟s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person‟s position when that person leaves72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People‟s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacity to use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In think¬ing the so ul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person is said to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that say¬ing something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skills involved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable devel opment in all one‟s capacities but how precisely this comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often a distinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal（潜意识）activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long written notices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. They can use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74. According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson, thinking is_______.A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75. What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one‟s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76. According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think without having adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts.B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and Around the Moon (1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.Given the year in which he was writing, Verne‟s predictions wer e very good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne‟s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne‟s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne‟s. Pictures began showing astronauts in。
上海徐汇区初三英语二模考试试卷及答案
上海市徐汇区2014年中考英语试题（二模）Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分语音、词汇和语法)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分)26. Which of the following word matches the sound / r a0 s /A) race B) rose C) raise D) rice27. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) Tom’s dr eam is to work in a hospital.B) There must be a reason for his success.C) Go ahead! Take what you want.D) The sand on the beach is very hot.28. Students in the football class usually play ________ football when school is over.A) the B) / C) a D) an29. The New Year concert provided ________ with a good platform to show our talent.A) we B) us C) our D) ours30. As we all know, Paris is famous ________ its fashionable products.A) for B) as C) with D) about31. ________ is looking forward to studying with an I-pad in the math class.A) Somebody B) Anybody C) Nobody D) Everybody32. Professor Li gave us a very useful ________ on how to prepare for the exam.A) advice B) information C) experience D) suggestion33. A: ________ photo would you like to hang on the wall, the one with John or the one on thebeachB: I like the one on the beach better.A) What B) Where C) Which D) Whose34. It is not very easy for the Chinese ________ for a visa(签证) to the USA.A) apply B) to apply C) applying D) applied35. The waitress talked as ________ as she could to make the customers understand her.A) clearly B) more clearly C) most clearly D) the most clearly36. A: ________ I go to the airport to see Uncle David off tomorrow morning, mumB: No, you needn’t. You may join us if you want to.A) Must B) Need C) Should D) May37. The eggs will go bad soon in such hot weather ________ they are put in the fridge.A) although B) because C) unless D) until38. Jimmy is ________ late for his grandma’s birthday, is he?A) never B) often C) sometimes D) always39. When Jack rushed to the railway station yesterday, the train________.A) leaves B) would leave C) had left D) is leaving40. Michael promised he ________ my e-mail as soon as he went back home.A) would reply B) replied C) will reply D) had replied41. Listen! The teachers ________ a discussion in the meeting room at the moment.A) had B) have C) have had D) are having42. I’ll invite you to my new flat as soon as I finish ________ it. A) decorating B) decorateC) to decorate D) decorated 43. Many people are wondering ________.A) whether is the meat from the lab bad for their healthB) whether the meat from the lab is bad for their healthC) whether is bad for their health the meat from the labD) whether from the lab the meat is bad for their health44. A: Would you like me to show you around the BundB: ________A) Yes, go ahead.B) Never mind. C) Yes, I'd love to.D) It's very kind of you. 45. A: How do you like the Disney film FrozenB: _________A) The tickets sell well.B) I don’t think so. C) It’s real ly worth watching. D) That’s all right. III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once （将下列单词或词组填入空格。
2014上海市各区高三英语二模整理汇编【阅读回答问题】
2014上海市各区高三英语二模整理汇编【阅读回答问题】（1）虹口“There is a senseless concept that children grow up and leave home when they are 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents.Analysts raised a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. One important reason is that the marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people, which is second to skyrocketing housing costs to which young people find their wings attached. Besides, a high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so great that many students now attend local schools.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “It is ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times —and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains. “He neve r liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away to meet them at friends? houses.”It is really hard to say how long adult children should live with their parents before moving on. Nevertheless, it is commonly recognized that lengthy homecomings are a mistake and they accidentally destroy the advantage of brief visits that will strengthen the relationship between parents and children. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities, which is definitely a stress for them.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. What?s t he most important reason for young adults? returning to the nest?79. Knighton enjoys living at home due to ________.80. What has resulted in the Michelle Del Turco?s unhappy experience with her dad?81. From the passage, we can conclude it is ________ that benefit(s) both adult children and their parents to avoid lengthy homecomings.（2）黄浦Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a corner through an “aroma box”, a machine which blows warm, sweet-smelling air into the environment.Heathrow?s move into “sensory” marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology —the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this “atmosphere” —using smell s to influence consumer behavior. On Valentine?sDay two years ago, the chain of chemist?s Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. “Chocolate is associated with l ove, ” said a marketing spokeswoman, “We thought it would get people in the mood for romance.” She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent(洗涤剂) more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that thedetergent used in both was similar. On the other hand, a coconut-scented sun cream was rated more effective than a lemon-scented one. A research group from Washington University reported that the smell of mint or orange sprayed in a store resulted in customers rating the store as more modern and more pleasant for shopping than other stores without the smell. Customers also rated the goods on sale as better, and expressed a stronger intention to visit the store again in the future.Writers and poets have often described the powerful effects of smell on our emotion, and smell is often considered to be the sense most likely to recall emotion-filled memories. Perhaps the reason is because smells are very difficult to give a name to. The fact that smell is invisible, and thus somehow more mysterious, may partly explain its reputation as our most emotional sense.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the function of “aroma box” at Heathrow airport?79. The example of “coconut-scented detergent” and “coconut-scented sun cream” is used to show that__________.80. __________ is of help for the store to leave a better impression on customers.81. What is one of the reasons why smell is considered the most emotional sense?（3）静杨青宝Not for the first time, Paul Mathis wants us to change. But this time he isn?t trying to get us to go vegetarian, or dine only on locally grown ingredients. This time he?s trying to get us to type differently.Paul Mathis, a restaurateur from Melbourne who owns a string of dining establishments, has designed the letter “?” —representing the word “the”. Now he is pushing Apple to allow him to promote his app, which features the new character, in its iTunes store.In a move to branch out of the food business, Paul has invested AUS $38,000 (￡23,500) in the new app, but has so far been rejected by Apple. He is hoping he can change their mind, pointing out that reducing the word “the” — the most used word in the English language —to one character would be helpful for Twitter and swift typing.“Is this important?” he said, in an interview with The Sydney Morning Herald. “No. Is this going to change the world? Not really. But is it something that might be useful for people? I think so, because it can sa ve people lots of time on keyboard.”“The word …and? is only the fifth-most used word in English and it has its own symbol —the ampersand …&?,” said Mr. Mathis. “Isn?t it time we gave the same respect to …the??”The top five most commonly used words in the English language are said to be: the, be, to, of, and “and”. The ampersand “&” has at times been used as the 27th letter of the English alphabet.Paul has developed the typography — effectively an upper-case “T” and a lower-case “h” bunc hed together so they share the upright stem — and an app that puts it in everyone?s hand by allowing users to download an entirely new electronic keyboard complete not just with his symbol but also a row of keys of 15 most frequently typed words.So far, though, the take-up has been minimal. But that might change if he can get his innovation into Apple?s app store. The problem is, the Californian tech giant has so far resisted his advances. But who knows — maybe in 500 years? time people will be amazed that there was a tim e when we didn?t use …??.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. What is Paul Mathis?________________________________________________________________ __________79. Paul designs the new letter “?” to repres ent the word “the” because he thinks________________________________________________________________ __________.80. The main difference between the new and the old electronic keyboard is that the new one________________________________________________________________ __________.81. How can Paul attract more people to download his new keyboard?________________________________________________________________ __________(4)浦东Now many people strive to be a follower of the LOHAS movement. LOHAS means “lifestyles of health and sustainability.” This term was coined in 2000 by two American scholars.Loha sians believe in leading a healthy lifestyle that is actively involved in preserving the earth?s environment and resources. According to Lohasians, respect for on?e own mental and physical health should exist in parallel with care for the earth?s ecology. They believe their actions, in this way, can have a positive effect on our global environment, and might be able to minimize the negative effects of people?s mindless and selfish consumption.Take organic foods for example. Lohasians prefer them,not only because they are chemical-free and good for the human body, but also because they are cultivated using natural fertilizers, which do not harm the soil. Even more Lohasians turn to locally grown produce, the transportation of which consumes far less than that of imported goods. As global warming has become a universal concern, Lohasians are anxious to find ways to cut down on energy consumption.Indeed, Lohasians are always considering the long-term impact of their behavior on the planet. As more consumers are adopting LOHAS values, this growing trend has dawned on the corporate world and they begin to practice responsible capitalism, which means providing goods and services using environmentally friendly and economically sustainable business practices. For instance, Coca-Cola?s effo rts in the area of sustainable packaging focus mainly on “using and reduce itsimpact on the environment. As a result, the company saved 89,000 metric tons of glass in 2007 alone, and, therefore, reduced carbon dioxide emissions to a level equivalent to that of the planting of more than 13,000 acres of trees.Clearly, LOHAS values have become a significant trend in the world today. Individ ual or corporate “cultural creatives”are promoting these values by challenging old traditions and habits, and building new lifestyles. Although whether these practices will bring immediate benefits to the environment and the health of people today remains unknown, Lohasians are confident that these practices will benefit their children and future generations. All individuals should evolve into Lohasians and take action to save the planet, before it is too late.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. Lohasians are convinced that through their responsible actions, _____________________ might be reduced toa minimum.79. Why is locally grown produce favoured by Lohasians?80. Consumers? growing trend of LOHAS values has inspired companies to _____________________________ __________.81. In terms of their practices, Lohasians are not sure of _____________________________________________.(5) 普陀All of us exist in …bodies? of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people?s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat …unhealthy? food s, tosmoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of these factors impact upon the condition of a person?s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are morelikely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who is homeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, for example, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a …full figure?, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms, but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being …overweight?is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mental health issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as …wrong? and unhealthy.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Besides social factors, what are the other two reasons for differences in bodies?79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people?s ______ and ______.80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______.81. The “This” in the last paragraph refers to ______.（6）徐汇松江金山Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like. And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon(1865) and Around the Moon(1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a 900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three travelers are deprived of gravity at one point and float around their small ship. When landing on the moon, rockets are used to slow the ship down.Given the year in which he was writing, Verne?s predictions were v ery good. The size of his space ship is about the size of the first one to go to the moon, the Apollo, minus its large rockets. Both Verne?s ship and the Apollo carried three people into space. Furthermore, rockets were indeed used by the Apollo to slow its descent. However, Verne?s ship, by analogy(相似) with a gun, shot his travelers into space, which never could have worked. The intense pressure of such an event would cause great physiological damage to the crew.During the first half of the 20th century, science fiction novels and comic books were widely distributed in the United States. Their portrayal(描写) of space travel was less far-fetched than Verne?s. Pictures began showing astronauts in space suits, as writers realized that exposure of human beings to space was deadly. Ideas of other planets were still often wrong, though. A 1928 drawing of the surface of a moon of the planet Jupiter shows it covered in plant life. Only later was it discovered that other than Earth, the planets and moons around our sun are without life as we know it. Drawings in the early 20th century showed very large space ships and stations. They were like floating cities. Writers at the time knew that trips to other stars would take hundreds of years. Those who left Earth would die on the journey; their descendants would arrive. Some writers avoided this problem by usingthe concept of suspended animation—a deep sleep in which a person doesn't grow older. Such travelers would awaken at the end of their journey, hundreds of years in the future. It is not impossible that these ideas could become reality one day.After the American space program had begun, the television show Star Trek became very popular. It follows the adventures ofa large space ship with over 400 crew members that flies around the universe at speeds faster than light. This is a wonderful dream, but it will probably never come to fulfillment. The laws of physics tell us that it is quite impossible for any object to travel faster than the speed of light.It?s clear to see that science fiction has progressed along with science and technology. Science fiction writers continue to study scientific concepts and to use them to portray the future. Looking back at their ideas, some were correct and cannot be distinguished from today?s reality; many others were nothing but fiction. But, they have always inspired new generations of humans to dream of someday going into space.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Twelve Words.)78.According to the passage, what did early science fiction writers do to help reveal what future space travelmight look like?79.If the modern spaceship were shot into space by analogy with a gun, the astronauts in it would___________________________.80.The space travelers in early science fictions didn?t wear space suits, because___________________________________________________.81.According to the passage, suspended animation was a concept used in science fiction to_______________________________（7）闸北In North America, the Colorado（科罗拉多）River is a legend. It has sustained generations of people and many generations of wildlife. Once free, the Colorado now has many dams along its1,450 miles. Its life-giving water is divided up among seven U.S. states according to several agreements, which has caused the heaviest hit on the eco-balance of the river as no region would lose advantages compared with neighbours in the use of the river, thus inappropriate use was well expected.The Colorado once supported a vast delta（三角洲）where it met the Gulf of California. T oday the lush plantations are just memories, displaced by invasive species capable of surviving in soils poisoned by salt. The drying of the delta has huge effect on the local people. As many as 5,000 people were living in the delta 400 years ago. Today, about 300 remain. There is a delta culture at risk of extinction, partly owing to outside job opportunities and marital mobility. However, the worsening living environment caused partly by horrible grab of the waters of the Colorado River has beaten all the other reasons.It?s easy to blame farmers along the Colorado for drawing waters from its channel to water their crops or quench the thirst of their cows. They are immediate consumers of water from the Colorado, but the truth is that we, ordinary American consumers, are all at least partially responsible. Many of us have bought products that come from the region, whether in the form of paper, hamburgers, or electronics. We live in an increasingly connected world, in which we take up “virtual water” in the form of products and even services. In the U.S., we use twice as much water per person as the global average.Though it may seem to work in the short term, we can barely fix the Colorado by piping water from another place. But change is urgent. Use a water calculator to see how much water you use every day. Pay special attention to saving every drop of water hidden in your diet and wardrobe. And keep away from life stylesthat might waste water. In all, try to form a water-efficient habit.Besides, technology improvement will also be explored to make change happen in the rescue efforts. These technologies include methods to increase farming efficiency, and ways to replace invasive, water-sucking plants with native species.Anyway, it?s time we humans rose up and repaid the mother river that has long been nurturing us.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the biggest factor to damage the Colorado nature?79. The major reason of the Delta culture disappearance is _____.80. Who are the two groups of people to blame for Colorado water shortage?81. Two ways to turn around the Colorado situation are to ______.（8）长宁嘉定For decades, a small percentage of homeowners have been installing solar panels (嵌板) on their rooftops. Those panels collect solar energy and change it into electricity. Until recently, the panels were too expensive for average homeowners, and their designs were anything but appealing. Thanks to new advances, however, solar panels for homes are becoming cheaper and less awkward, causing more homeowners to consider installing them.Last fall furniture seller IKEA began selling solar panels in its U.K. stores. Of course, home improvement stores such as Home Depot have been selling panels for a while. But the initiative by IKEA is seen as a way to bring the Do It Yourself solar option tothe masses. While shopping for inexpensive furniture, shoppers could add a box or two of solar panels to their carts. IKEA is partnering with a company that handles installation and servicing of the panels, making the switch to solar easy for customers. If all goes well, IKEA plans to begin selling the panels in other countries soon.SolTech, a Swedish tech company, offers a solar-power solution that is much more pleasing to the eye than traditional solar panels. Instead of flat panels, SolTech offers a glass tile(瓦片) solution that goes well with existing tiled roof designs. The see-through tiles have a silver-gray color to them, and their shape fits traditional tiled roof designs. SolTech currently offers the solar systems that heat the home?s air or water and one solar PV system that produces electricity.New Energy Technologies, Inc. is developing a solar application that won?t be installed on rooftops. Instead, the first-of-its-kind SolarWindow TM technology enables see-through windows to produce electricity in the way of showering their glass surfaces with the company?s patent-pending (专利申请中的) electricity-producing coatings. Amazingly, SolarWindow TM can produce electricity in low-light conditions and can even turn indoor light into electricity! This product holds great promise for commercial buildings since about 60 percent of a commercial building?s surface is covered with windows.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Solar panels on homeowners? rooftops work by __________.79. What is IKEA doing to popularize their DIY solar option?80. SolTech?s solar panels are prettier because the see-through glass tiles are __________.81. How is SolarWindow TM technology used to produce electricity?（9）崇明How many hours do you spend sitting in a chair every day? Eight hours in the office plus three hours in front of the TV after work is the usual situation for many people.You probably don?t need an expert to tell you that sitting too much is not good for your health —from an increased risk of heart disease and obesity (肥胖) in the long term, to reduced cholesterol (胆固醇) maintenance in the short term, not to mention the pressure on your neck and spine (脊柱).To make matters worse, a growing body of research suggests that the negative effects of sitting too much cannot be countered with a good diet and regular exercise, according to an article in The New York Times. Thearticle reported that a study of nearly 9, 000 Australians found that for each additional hour of television a person watched per day, the risk of dying rose by 11 percent. In other words, sitting is killing us.Stand up for health. Health experts suggest we break up those many hours spent sitting with more hours spent standing.The BBC and the University of Chester in the UK conducted a simple experiment with a small group of 10 volunteers who usually spent most of the day sitting. They were asked to stand for at least three hours a day. The researchers took measurements on days when the volunteers stood, and when they sat around. When they looked at the data, there were some striking differences. Blood sugar became level after a meal much quicker on the days when the volunteers in the study stood compared with the days they spent in a chair. Standing alsoburned more calories (热量单位：卡路里)—about 50 calories an hour. Over the course of a year that would add up to about 30, 000 extra calories, or around 3.63 kilograms of fat.John Buckley, a member of the research team, said that although doing exercise offers many proven benefits, our bodies also need the constant, almost imperceptible (感觉不到的) increase in muscle activity that standing provides. Simple movement helps us to keep our all-important blood sugar under control.The researchers believe that even small adjustments, like standing while talking on the phone, going over to talk to a colleague rather than sending an e-mail, or simply taking the stairs instead of the elevator, will help.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Accordi ng to the context, the underlined expression “be countered with” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by “________”.79. The two findings of the simple experiment conducted by the BBC and the University of Chester in the UK arethat standing _________.80. Why is standing better than doing exercise according to John Buckley?81. What does the passage mainly want to tell us?(10) 奉贤Do you melt at the creaminess of full-fat yogurt? Well, chances are you?ve been told to resist the temptation if you?re on a diet. The reason behind this seems pretty straightforward: The extra calories packed into the fat are bad for our waistlines.But what if dairy fat isn?t the dietary evil we believe it is? Infact, two recent studies have concluded that the consumption of whole-fat dairy is linked to reduced body fat.In one paper, published by Swedish researchers in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, middle-aged men who consumed high-fat milk, butter and cream were significantly less likely to become too fat over a period of 12 years compared with men who never or rarely ate high-fat dairy.The second study, published in the European Journal of Nutrition, is an analysis of 16 other studies. There has been an assumption that high-fat dairy foods contribute to overweight, but the reviewers concluded that the evidence does not support this assumption. In fact, the reviewers found that in most of the studies, high-fat dairy was associated with a lower risk of overweight.It?s not clear what might explain this phen omenon. Some researchers point to the satiety (饱腹感) factor. The higher levels of fat in whole milk products may make us feel fuller, faster. And as a result, the thinking goes, we may end up eating less.Or the explanation could be more complex. “There ma y be bioactive substances in the milk fat that may be altering our metabolism (新陈代谢) in a way that helps us use the fat and burn it for energy, rather than storing it in our bodies,” says Greg Miller, executive vice president of America?s National Dairy Cou ncil.Whatever the mechanism, this association between higher dairy fat and lower body weight appears to hold up in children, too. And in addition to the body weight association, whole milk contains beneficial omega3 fatty acids.However, some people should still avoid consuming too much whole-milk dairy products. These products are relativelyhigh in saturated fat (饱和脂肪), and eating too much saturated fat can increase the risk of heart disease. So many experts agree that adults with high cholesterol (胆固醇) should continue to limit dairy fat.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. Why are dieters told to stay away from full-fat dairy products?_____________________________________________________________.79. Both studies came to the same conclusion that _____________.80. Besides the satiety factor, what might help explain the new findings?______________________________________________________________.81. Experts still agree that full-fat dairy products may not be good for those who _____________.(11)闵行By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it?s close to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven?t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually indicates a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignment, and schedules on websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally。
2024上海徐汇区高三二模英语试题及答案
上海徐汇区2023-2024学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷2024.4（满分140）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I.Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.Early morning B.Midday C.Afternoon te at night2. A.Improved flexibility B.Stress relief C.Weight loss D.Muscle building3. A.Change in meeting venue B.Frequent reschedulingC.Long meeting durationck of agenda4. A.Humor and love storiesB.Thrilling and suspenseC.Creative fantasy and futuristic visionsD.Documentaries for learning about real-world events5. A.Filled with exciting challenges and projects B.Surprisingly relaxed and stress-freeC.Productive but a bit overwhelmingD.Unpredictable and full of surprises6. A.If it offers any unique or signature drinksB.Whether the coffee is freshly brewedC.If it has a cozy atmosphere and comfortable seatingD.If it has free Wi-Fi and a quiet environment7. A.Exploring the latest movies at the cinema B.Going on an adventurous hiking tripC.Taking a leisurely stroll in the parkD.Attending a live music performance8. A.Nervous but satisfied with the change B.Regretful and uncertain about the styleC.Uninterested and indifferent to his appearanceD.Excited and confident with the new look9. A.Boring and uninteresting B.Dull and slow-pacedC.A real page-turnerD.Too complex to follow10. A.Whether it helps with focus and concentrationB.If it’s a time-consuming practiceC.If it involves meditation or other techniquesD.How it affects sleep patterns and overall well-beingSection BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11. A.The invention of the Intelligent Rail Transit(IRT)in China.B.The development of public transportation systems in urban areas.C.The innovative transportation solution to traffic congestion.D.The benefits of electric-powered vehicles in reducing pollution.12. A.Lower pollution. B.Higher passenger capacity.C.5G communications system.D.Automated driving system.13. A.Identifying virtual track routes. B.Prioritizing passage at traffic lights.C.Controlling movement with sensors.D.Ensuring safety through machine vision. Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.The history of Chinese New Year celebrations.B.The debate over banning fireworks during Chinese New Year.C.The environmental impact of fireworks.D.The cultural significance of the Spring Festival.15. A.Over80percent of people support fireworks.B.Most people believe fireworks bans are necessary.C.There are few objections to fireworks bans.D.The majority of people prefer quiet celebrations during the festival.16. A.Limited enforcement resources.B.Public resistance leading to unrest.C.Economic concerns from manufacturers.D.Environmental activism pressures lawmakers.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.Staying at home and relaxing. B.Traveling to European countries.C.Taking extra courses.D.Doing part-time jobs.18. A.To relax and unwind. B.To explore new countries.C.To get ahead on credits.D.To do volunteer work.19. A.To relax and get ready for more experiences.B.To explore new countries in a totally fresh way.C.to contribute and have a positive impact.D.To save up for tuition fees as well as expectations.20. A.He thinks it's a smart move. B.He believes she should relax instead.C.He is indifferent.D.He thinks she should join him for volunteer work. II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.A French bakery has become a tourist attraction in Nanpingtownship,which is part of Zhuhai,a coastal city in Guangdongprovince.Papa Romantic,located in Beishan community,attracts a largenumber of Chinese and foreigners alike.After(21)_______(taste)the bakery's bread,some Chinese students who have returnedfrom abroad have expressed admiration,while foreigners who lived in Zhuhai but moved to other Chinese cities such as Beijing(22)_______(continue)to have bread and pastries from the shop(23) _______(ship)to them.The bakery is a welcoming environment for those who want to sit and enjoy authentic French cuisine.On one side is a well-preserved old ancestral hall,and on the other side are lush trees that provide shade(24)_______the sun.The shop has a bright storefront,and thearoma of the bread,the aluminum tables and the chairsunder sun umbrellas display a peaceful atmosphere awayfrom the hustle and bustle.At Papa Romantic,the best-selling items include baguettes,croissants,sandwiches,crepes and cookies.In addition,some unique treats such as fig bread and colorful macrons are also popular among young customers.Owner and baker Ronan Salaun,(25)_______comes from the Brittany region of France,said the ingredients at his bakery(26)______(import),and he refuses to use chemicals or additives in his food.(27)_______his friends return to France,they know they need to bring him some crystal salt from a natural salt pond in France.The black pepper he uses comes from Madagascar."Simple things are important,and the quality of salt and pepper makes a big difference,"Salaun said.While remaining true to his French roots,he has also taken into consideration the dietary habits of Chinese people."Chinese locals prefer soft crust bread,while French like the crusty one.I sell both kinds.I can't just maintain the original characteristics;I must adapt to locals'preferences,"he said.A former mechanical engineer,Salaun,was sent by a Hong Kong company to work at a furniture factory in Wanzai township,Zhuhai,in November2000.He said he couldn't have imagined how much his life would change with that move.At that time,Wanzai was a tiny town(28)_______(border)Macao known for its flower trade.For Salaun,life in Wanzai seemed simple and rustic.He remembers(29)_______when he wanted to take a bath,he had to heat the water up with firewood and then transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub.Although the living and working conditions were not as favorable as(30)______abroad, Salaun grew to love Zhuhai,which is located at the mouth of the Pearl River.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.conservationB.relocateC.momentarilyD.programE.criticalF.initiativeG.ensureH.permanentlyI.additionalJ.reserveK.unexpectedA team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga,grantee of TheExplorers Club Discovery Expeditions and researcher at KhamaiFoundation,discovered three new cryptozoic(living underground)snakes dwelling under graveyards(墓地)and churches in remotetowns in the Andes region of Ecuador.It was an exploration that led to the most(31)_______ofplaces.First published in the journal,Zookeys,Arteaga and his teamnamed the small brown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and(32)_______of remote cloud forests in the tropics.The Discovery Ground Snake(Atractus discovery)was found underground in a small graveyard. Two(33)_______new species were found near an old church and inside a small school.Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to(34)_______to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants(35) _______,a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond.The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis,prevent the extinction of species and cultures, and(36)_______the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations(ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin,grandson of Americanphilanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin.Through conservation organization Re:wild,the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of(38)_______habitat throughout the world.“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,”says Arteaga.“We have already started the process of establishing a nature(39)_______to protect the ground snakes.This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles,even if it meant(40)_______disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Alipay,the digital payment arm of Chinese financial technology company Ant Group,is allocating more resources to roll out translation services in16languages,to ensure foreigners in China can use mobile payments without any hurdles.Alipay's move comes amid China's intensified efforts to further improve foreigners'payment (41)_______in the country.Alipay has allowed foreigners in China to link their(42)_______bank cards,including Visa and Mastercard,to its mobile payment tool,greatly streamlining(精简)the payment processes,said Zhu Xugang,director of the cross-border business at Ant Group.Users of10overseas e-wallets are also able to use their familiar home e-wallets on their own phones by(43)_______Alipay QR codes,to enjoy seamless mobile payment experiences across Alipay's vast merchant network.According to Alipay,foreigners can use the app to complete payments at restaurants,hotels, scenic spots,convenience stores and supermarkets,as well as for ride-hailing,shared bikes,buses and other public(44)_______services in China.The newly(45)_______multilingual app includes English,French,Spanish,German,Italian,Portuguese,Russian and Japanese.The mobile payment app has also(46)_______the single transaction(交易)limit for overseas travelers using mobile payments from$1,000to$5,000and lifted the annual cumulative transaction limit from$10,000to$50,000.The State Council,China's Cabinet,published a guideline on improving payment services and (47)_______payment convenience in early March,a move to better meet the(48)_______payment needs of the elderly and foreign visitors.Last week,the People's Bank of China,the country's central bank,(49)_______a payment guide that provides foreigners with text and graphic(50)_______on using bank cards,cash,mobile payments and e-CNY in China,the latest step in the country's push to optimize the payment experience for foreigners.Wang Pengbo,a senior analyst at market consultancy Botong Analysys,said the intensified efforts to provide convenient payment services will not only(51)_______improve the living and consumption experience of foreigners in China and attract more of them to the country,but also promote the healthy and sustainable development of the payment(52)_______.Wang said the move demonstrates the country's resolve to expand high-standard opening-up, (53)_______the online payment scenarios of Alipay are wide enough,with high usage frequency. So,what it should do now is to expand the scope of foreign bank card binding and improve and simplify authentication of new users,to provide more convenient payment services to foreigners.Meanwhile,Chinese banks are taking measures to expand the(54)_______of overseas bank cards and facilitate their use of cash in the country.Dong said more efforts are needed to expand the scenarios of various types of payment methods at tourist attractions,sporting events,transportation hubs,healthcare and beauty centers and other daily(55)_______sites.41. A.expectations B.memorizations C.experiences D.durations42. A.international B.domestic C.interior mercial43. A.copying B.photographing C.sharing D.scanning44. A.transportation B.security cation D.maintenance45. A.evolved unched C.specialized D.simplified46. A.decreased B.restricted C.suspended D.raised47. A.implementing B.enhancing C.administrating D.subscribing48. A.diversified B.facilitated C.digitalized D.conflicted49. A.purchased B.authorized C.released mercialized50. A.designs B.illustrations C.instructions D.imagery51. A.significantly B.artificially C.individually D.frequently52. A.gateway B.industry C.deadline D.term53. A.developing B.monitoring C.securing D.adding54. A.recognition B.acceptance C.regulation D.policy55. A.construction B.application C.production D.consumption Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AGrowing up in the80s as a child with lots of siblings,I played in the street until dark or until we were called for dinner.We had an amazing community of neighbours.However,one elderly neighbour hated us.Every time the football went into her garden,she would confiscate it–and then pop the ball.When she collected over20deflated footballs,she would take them down to the police station and complain.To her,at least,free and active children were a pest and a disgrace.Actually,at that time,nothing but one stopped us playing:the shattering of a window and the scream of a parent coming outside to tell us off.On reflection,I was probably part of the last generation of children to play outside regularly.Now in London,the estate I live in is covered with historic signs saying:“No ball games”.The signs function as a play ban for children.Even during the summer,there are only a couple of rebels who dare to play football on the street.They get my nod and a kick of the ball back when it comes in my direction.The problem is,many people don’t know that these signs are not enforceable by law:they aresimply a request from local housing associations.Of course,if people are kicking the ball against someone’s house or out on the streets making noise late at night,it would be considered criminal damage and antisocial behaviour–and quite right. But most of the time the signs are just preventing children from playing.The London Sport charity has recommended that these signs are removed.I agree-let’s burn them all.But I do think it is simplistic to imagine banning the signs will combat a national obesity epidemic.The Active Lives Survey shows that just47%of children in England are getting the recommended60minutes or more of sport and physical activity a day.Removing“No ball games”signs doesn’t mean that the other53%of children will feel motivated to venture outside and play.The Active Lives Survey also suggests that boys are more likely to be active than girls.Perhaps boys are still given more activity opportunities.The Lionesses（英格兰女足）win at the Euros football tournament highlighted the lack of opportunities for girls in football and inequitable sports curriculums in schools.Children and young people of black,Asian and other minority ethnicities are least likely to be active.Perhaps because racism in sport is alive and kicking?In addition,access to sport and physical activity is a social justice issue that depends on location and financial circumstances.For a child from an economically disadvantaged background, who lives in a high-rise flat with little green space around,the costs and practicalities of participating in sport are prohibitive.For example,a weekend tennis court costs anywhere between£10and£27, without travel or equipment.So,while we can burn all the“No ball games”signs in the country,the real barrier to combating low activity levels in children is social inequality.What really needs to happen to get our children moving?56.What does the underlined word“confiscate”in Paragraph1mean in the context?A.Collect something as a hobbyB.Take something away as a punishmentC.Destroy something due to being annoyedD.Remove and make something disappear57.Why does the author believe that removing"No ball games"signs may not effectively combatlow activity levels in children?A.Because children prefer indoor activities.B.Because boys are more active than girls.C.Because access to physical activity is influenced by social inequality.D.Because of the lack of interest in sports among children.58.What conclusion does the author draw regarding the relationship between"No ball games"signs and low activity levels in children?A.Removing the signs will directly address the issue of low activity levels.B.Social inequality is the primary barrier to increasing children's activity levels.C.Boys are more likely to play sports than girls due to cultural biases.D.Racism in sports is a significant factor in preventing children from being active.59.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The author reminisces about their childhood and the changes in outdoor play.B.The ineffectiveness of"No ball games"signs in encouraging physical activity amongchildren.C.The impact of social inequality on children's access to physical activity.D.The author's support for removing"No ball games"signs but recognition of deeper issues.BFrom a distance,the grey cement bridge looksunremarkable.Two tunnels on either side of theTrans-Canada Highway are in semi-circles that endbluntly on the pavement below.But on top,awayfrom passing motorists’eyes,lies a grassy oasis.Against the odds,pine trees and wildflowers havetaken root here,giving the overpass a fringe ofgreenery.On the edges,wire fencing provides safepassage for wandering animals.Tony Clevenger has dedicated much of his life to studying the performance of Banff’s wildlife crossing structures.When the first wildlife bridges went up,Clevenger,a researcher with the Western Transportation Institute,was living in Canmore,and recalls the distinctly negative atmosphere that surrounded what many saw as a hair-brained scheme by Parks Canada.Save for a few small crossings in the eastern United States,no one had ever attempted something like this before—and no one believed it would work.Editorials in the local paper scoffed at the“waste of taxpayers’money”and confidently stated animals would never use the$2million to$3million man-made bridges.Others believed wolves would herd their prey into the fence,violently killing them before shocked tourists.“This project started in a bad spot.There was a lot of opposition and criticism,”Clevenger says.“It took several years of good data,publishing in scientific peer-reviewed journals, to change people’s minds.”Clevenger now has17years-worth of data proving the efficacy of the crossings.Among large carnivores,mortality(死亡)rates are50to100per cent lower along sections of the highway where overpasses and underpasses exist.In those same sections,mortality rates for elk are almost zero, compared to100elk-vehicle collisions per year in the mid-1990s.Clevenger’s research has shown that11species of large mammals in Banff have used the structures more than200,000times, including unexpected species such as red fox,hoary marmot,boreal toads,wolverines,lynx,garter snakes and beavers.In2014,a Montana State University study found that not only are grizzly bears using the crossing structures,but the structures are also helping to maintain genetically healthy populations among the bears that use them.Grizzlies were crossing with enough frequency to ensure populations on either side of the highway weren’t genetically isolated from each other.“This is Canada’s biggest conservation success story—it’s the largest highway mitigation complex in the world,”says Clevenger.“You won’t find anything anywhere else in the world close to what we have.We have the most overpasses in one localized area and almost half of all the overpasses in North America.”60.Why did Tony Clevenger face opposition and criticism at the beginning of the wildlife crossingproject?A.Because of disbelief regarding the project's feasibility and effectiveness.B.Due to the design flaws of the crossing structures.C.Because of concerns about the environmental impact of the structures.D.Due to insufficient funding for the project.61.Which unexpected species have been observed using the wildlife crossing structures in Banff?A.Grizzly bears and elk.B.Wolves and red foxes.C.Garter snakes and beavers.D.Hoary marmots and wolverines.62.How did a Montana State University study contribute to the understanding of wildlife crossingsin Banff?A.It confirmed the disbelief surrounding the effectiveness of the crossings.B.It identified design flaws in the crossing structures.C.It criticized the Canadian government's conservation efforts.D.It provided evidence of grizzly bears using the crossings and maintaining genetically healthypopulations.CBoth my parents worked for30-plus years for their employers–they had lifelong careers at a single company.Growing up,they taught me the importance of“loyalty”and“commitment”.But in a rapidly changing world,the concept of a job for life has become as rare as a dial-up internet connection.This shift from stable,long-term employment and single-employer careers to a world where frequent job changes are the norm comes directly from globalisation,rapid technological advancements and the changing ideas about work.Globalisation has turned the world economy into a giant,interconnected web.This has made job markets fiercely competitive and talent and opportunities in the labour market more diverse and digitally accessible.Jobs can be widely publicised and explored online and are no longer tied to your city of birth. Add to this the rapid technological progress.We now live in a world where the skills you learned yesterday might not be enough for today’s job market.The job market is transforming,with new careers emerging as automation and artificial intelligence(AI)advances.Risks and price policies can be efficiently assessed using AI,making insurance underwriters redundant while advanced software in banking and finance mean data analysis can be automated.Online booking has reduced demand for travel agents and desktop publishers are being replaced by user-friendly software,which allows people to create their own materials.These changes highlight the need for professionals to update their skills and adapt to a technologically evolving job market.As a result,career paths have become fluid and multi-directional.It’s no longer just about climbing the corporate ladder and getting a regular paycheck;it’s about exploring different paths, switching jobs and industries and sometimes even venturing into freelancing and the gig economy.Loyalty is defined as an employee’s commitment to their organisation and its goals.It means awillingness to put in extra effort and to uphold the company’s values and objectives.Loyal workers often identify strongly with their workplace,are reliable and view the organisation positively,even during tough times.When long-term employees change workplaces,it does not mean they are disloyal.It signifies a change in priorities and a redefined loyalty bond.Employees are loyal to their employer and its interests while working there.But they also seek mutual growth and expect to be recognised and rewarded.Career paths are now a kaleidoscope(万花筒)of experiences and opportunities.Instead of a career identity being about a company brand,it is about skills,experiences and the meaningfulness of the work.This transformation means career decision-making is more intricate,considering personal aspirations,market trends and family considerations.63.What factors have contributed to the shift in job market dynamics?A.Increased reliance on desktop publishing software.B.Changing ideas about loyalty and commitment.C.The decreasing demand for travel agents due to online booking systems.D.Globalization,rapid technological advancements,and evolving work concepts.64.What skills are highlighted as essential for professionals in the evolving job market?A.Skills related to desktop publishing.B.Skills that were relevant yesterday.C.Skills in data analysis and adaptability.D.Skills in insurance underwriting.65.How does the passage suggest employees should approach loyalty in the modern workplace?A.By remaining with a single employer for their entire career.B.By prioritizing personal growth and recognition.C.By relying on traditional definitions of loyalty.D.By avoiding job changes to maintain loyalty.66.The best title for the passage is_______.A.Forget About a Job for Life.B.Learn More as Much as You CanC.Benefit from Long-term Employment.D.The Impact of Globalization.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.This recurrent nature provides astronomers with some predictability regarding its eruptions,aiding in their monitoring and preparation for the upcoming event.B.The mechanism driving these eruptions is the transfer of matter from the red giant to thewhite dwarf.C.It consists of a white dwarf and an aging red giant star.D.This heightened visibility will last for a few days without the need for any equipment andslightly over a week with the aid of binoculars.E.Astronomers plan to utilize various instruments,including the Hubble Space Telescope andthe Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory,to observe and study the nova in different wavelengths of light.F.However,during its peak brightness,it is expected to shine as brightly as Polaris,or the NorthStar,making it visible to observers in the Northern Hemisphere.Astronomers are eagerly anticipating a celestial(天体的)event that promises to be a once-in-a-lifetime sight:the appearance of a"new star"in the night sky,expected to occur sometime between now and September,as reported by NASA.This event,known as a nova(新星),is projected to take place within the T Coronae Borealis system,nestled in the constellation(星座)Corona Borealis,situated between the Boötes and Hercules constellations.In contrast to the explosive demise of a massive star seen in a supernova,a nova is characterized by a sudden,brief explosion originating from a collapsed star,specifically a white dwarf.The T Coronae Borealis system is affectionately called the"Blaze Star."(67) _______________________These stars orbit closely enough to interact violently,leading to periodic explosive events,with the last eruption observed in1946.(68)_______________________Over time,the red giant becomes increasingly unstable, shedding its outer layers onto the white dwarf.This exchange of matter eventually triggers a "runaway thermonuclear reaction,"resulting in the nova phenomenon,according to NASA.While the precise timing of the upcoming nova event remains uncertain,astronomers are closely monitoring the T Coronae Borealis system,which has been dimming since March of the previous year.William J.Cooke,lead of NASA's Meteoroid Environments Office,notes that while most novae occur unexpectedly,T Coronae Borealis is one of the10recurring novae in the galaxy, offering some predictability to its eruptions.Located approximately3,000light-years away from Earth,the T Coronae Borealis system is typically too faint to be seen with the naked eye.(69)_______________________ Once the nova reaches its peak brightness,it will appear as if a new star has emerged in the night sky,remaining visible for a few days without any equipment and slightly over a week with binoculars before gradually fading from view over the course of about80years.(70)_______________________As an effective observing approach,they provide valuable insights into the dynamics of recurrent novae and the processes occurring within these stellar systems.The NASA Universe account on X will provide regular updates on the nova event,allowing enthusiasts and researchers alike to stay informed about this captivating astronomical phenomenon. Reflecting on past experiences,including witnessing the1975Nova Cygni,which inspired his career in astronomy,Cooke underscores the significance of these celestial events in shaping our understanding of the cosmos.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.The Evolution of Robotics:A Journey from Imagination to Reality。
上海市徐汇区初三英语二模考试试卷及答案
上海市徐汇区2014年中考英语试题（二模）Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and Grammar(第二部分语音、词汇和语法)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分)26. Which of the following word matches the sound / r a0 s / ?A) race B) rose C) raise D) rice27. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A) Tom’s dr eam is to work in a hospital.B) There must be a reason for his success.C) Go ahead! Take what you want.D) The sand on the beach is very hot.28. Students in the football class usually play ________ football when school is over.A) the B) / C) a D) an29. The New Year concert provided ________ with a good platform to show our talent.A) we B) us C) our D) ours30. As we all know, Paris is famous ________ its fashionable products.A) for B) as C) with D) about31. ________ is looking forward to studying with an I-pad in the math class.A) Somebody B) Anybody C) Nobody D) Everybody32. Professor Li gave us a very useful ________ on how to prepare for the exam.A) advice B) information C) experience D) suggestion33. A: ________ photo would you like to hang on the wall, the one with John or the one on thebeach?B: I like the one on the beach better.A) What B) Where C) Which D) Whose34. It is not very easy for the Chinese ________ for a visa(签证) to the USA.A) apply B) to apply C) applying D) applied35. The waitress talked as ________ as she could to make the customers understand her.A) clearly B) more clearly C) most clearly D) the most clearly36. A: ________ I go to the airport to see Uncle David off tomorrow morning, mum?B: No, you needn’t. You may join us if you want to.A) Must B) Need C) Should D) May37. The eggs will go bad soon in such hot weather ________ they are put in the fridge.A) although B) because C) unless D) until38. Jimmy is ________ late for his grandma’s birthday, is he?A) never B) often C) sometimes D) always39. When Jack rushed to the railway station yesterday, the train________.A) leaves B) would leave C) had left D) is leaving40. Michael promised he ________ my e-mail as soon as he went back home.A) would reply B) replied C) will reply D) had replied41. Listen! The teachers ________ a discussion in the meeting room at the moment.A) had B) have C) have had D) are having42. I’ll invite you to my new flat as soon as I finish ________ it.A) decorating B) decorate C) to decorate D) decorated43. Many people are wondering ________.A) whether is the meat from the lab bad for their healthB) whether the meat from the lab is bad for their healthC) whether is bad for their health the meat from the labD) whether from the lab the meat is bad for their health44. A: Would you like me to show you around the Bund?B: ________A) Yes, go ahead.B) Never mind. C) Yes, I'd love to.D) It's very kind of you. 45. A: How do you like the Disney film Frozen ?B: _________A) The tickets sell well.B) I don’t think so. C) It’s rea lly worth watching. D) That’s all right. III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once （将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海高三英语二模翻译专练(含答案)
二模翻译专练【虹口区】1、现在人们已经习惯于将坏天气与空气污染联想到一起。
（associate）2、学生们难得有机会目睹那位著名的诺贝尔文学奖获得者。
（Seldom）3、上海迪士尼乐园肯定会成为一个值得多次游览的旅游景点。
（worth）4、正是因为社会过分重视外表，不少年轻人改变了他们原有的饮食习惯。
（It）5、汤姆错过了那场公众评价很高的电影，并非因为买不到电影票，而是因为交通堵塞。
（available）【黄浦区】1、在假期学生也能使用图书馆。
（access）2、新政策会给我们带来好处还是危害还拭目以待。
（remain）3、让没有受过专业培训的人操纵机器是不负责任的行为。
（who）4、如果我们换个角度来看问题，也许能找到切实可行的解决办法。
（who）5、他有着如此坚强的意志，定会不遗余力，力争提前完成任务。
（such...that）1、这家超市的特色是24小时服务。
（feature v.）2、趁一切还来得及，去赞美你爱着、关心着的人吧。
（before）3、直到那位母亲确信她的儿子已安然无恙地到家，她才松一口气。
（Not...until）4、是不是正是老师的鼓励才使你下定决心去报考你心仪的大学？（强调句）5、因为人们坚信食物对健康是至关重要的，所以好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。
（belief）【杨浦区】1、当你独处在外时，记得让手机保持开机状态。
（keep）2、他不顾新颁布的法律，坚持在春节期间燃放烟花。
（regardless）3、任何情况下父母都不能强迫孩子去做超出他们能力范围的事情。
（circumstances）4、正是他在一家IT公司的经历才使他在众多的申请者中脱颖引而出。
（enable）5、人工智能程序AlphaGo打败顶级职业选手的消息引起了全世界的关注。
（concern）1、自上周起，孩子们就兴奋地聊着出游的打算。
（chat）2、新的考试制度给学生更多选择科目和大学的自由。
2014年高考二模英语试题及答案
2014年第二次高考模拟考试英语试卷本试卷共12页,三大题,满分135分。
考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Ⅰ语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，1.A.read B. learn C. behave D. speak2.A.visit B. leave C. desire D. attend3.A.cameras B. books C. libraries D. data4.A. printed B. ordered` C. used D. priced5.A. students B. colleagues C. leaders D. friends6.A. digital B. popular C. regular D. different7.A. present B. provide C. charge D. update8.A. peacefully B. consistently C. steadily D. unnoticeably9.A. less B. more C. higher D. better10.A. rent B. download C. buy D. record11.A. exactly B. permanently C. doubtfully D. roughly12.A. actually B. unwillingly C. hopefully D. fortunately13.A. entrance B. approach C. access D. admission14.A. school B. work C. hand D. home15.A. seats B. Internet C. textbooks D. homework第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
[VIP专享]上海市徐汇区2014届高三英语上学期期末考试试题(上海徐汇一模)牛津上海版
徐汇区2014届高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题 2014.1第 I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a drugstore. B. In a café. C. In a garage. D.In a grocery.2. A. 5 hours. B. 7 hours. C. 9 hours. D. 10 hours.3. A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed early.C. To catch the later flight.D. To ask for a morningcall.4. A. Tom was killed in the accident. B. Someone saved Tom’slife.C. It did little damage to Tom’s car.D. Tom survived theaccident.5. A. By air. B. By bus. C. By train. D. Bycar.6. A. Librarian and student. B. Boss and secretary.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Publisher and salesman.7. A. It’s worth the price. B. It’s high in quality.C. Its price is too high.D. It’s well made.8. A. She is going to work in her brother’s firm.B. She plans to major in tax law.C. She studies in the same school as her brother.D. She isn’t going to work in her brother’s firm.9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D.Sensitive.10. A. The man has finished his project.B. The man is willing to help the woman.C. The man will let Bob chat with the woman.D. The man is losing patience with the woman.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. He learned it in a special school. B. He had a lot of practice inhis spare time.C. He got it through constant watching.D. He was once caught by asignalman.12. A. In Kansas City. B. At Fillan. C. At Omar. D. AtMissouri.13. A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Frightened. D. Surprised. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The young Americans think reading less important than computer andscience.B. The majority of young American find reading boring and old-fashioned.C. Most young Americans believe that reading is very important.D. The majority of Americans find reading more stimulating than computersand science.15. A. Novels and stories. B. Mysteries and detectives.C. Science fiction.D. Cultural and traditionalbooks.16. A. Reading up-to-date books and magazines. B. Listening to music.C. Watching TV.D. Going to librariesSection CDirections:In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blankswith the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Dr. Catani’s research :IPad generation are going to have less vocabulary than 17_____ generation.Reasons:Children have 18_______ to the Internet, mobile phones and tablet computers, which are visual rather thanauditory.According to Dr. Catani’s research,Listening, 19_______ and conversation are vital to learning language.Solutions:To maintain the 20_______tradition of passing knowledgeby spending less time on device and talking more withchildren.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.What does Sharon do?She 21__________the animals in studiosand sells prints online.Why does Sharon never get scared while snapping animals like lions and bears?Because she has confidence and 22_________ can totally distract her from anything around.What does Sharon have to do when taking a picture of some animals like chicks and cats?She has to capture proper 23__________.What are the tricky parts that people wouldn’t expect?It is a lot of work plus 24___________ that comes with any creative pursuit.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gordon was hungry. He opened the refrigerator, 25_____ there used to be much food before his wife left him. There must be 26_____ in here to eat, he thought. Now, however, there was a single hot dog.After 27_____ (take) it out of its package, he put a small frying pan onto the stove’s gas burner. He turned on the heat. Then he poured a little bit of vegetable oil into the pan. He sliced the hot dog in half lengthwise. 28_____ the oil got hot, he put the two halves in the pan. About 29_____ minute later, he flipped each half over. After another minute, he took the hot dog out of the pan.Gordon put two slices of bread into the toaster. This was tasty and healthy bread. The first ingredient 30_____ (list) was organic sprouted wheat. The first ingredient in ordinary bread is usually unbleached flour.When the toast popped up, he put mustard, mayonnaise, and ketchup on one slice. Then he added two slices of onion. 31_____ top of the onions, he placed the hot dog. On top of the hot dog, he put a couple of slices of apple. Then he added some bits of hot green chile, and then put the top piece of toast onto the chile bits. P.F. ProductionsAhh, 32_____ a sandwich, he thought, as he sat down 33_____ (eat).(B)Sara needed to see the doctor. She had an upset stomach. She felt bloated, and needed to pass gas every minute or so. This was terrible. She 34_____ hardly go anywhere in public.Her friends told her it was 35_____ she had moved to America. The air, water, and food in America weren't agreeing with her. They said she would have to return to her home country."No way," Sara said. She didn't want to go home. She liked America. This was a minor problem, she was sure. Any good doctor would solve it in no time. Two days later, she saw her doctor. He asked her if she drank milk. She said yes, three glasses a day."Don't drink any 36_____ (much) regular milk. Start drinking lactose-free milk, because lactose can upset your stomach.""Because your boyfriend 40_____ (give) you too much stress. He is probably the main cause of your upset stomach.""I don't think my boyfriend is going to like that." P.F. Productions"Just tell him if he really loves you, he should leave you."Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. investmentsB. enoughC.unconditionalD. degreeE. loyaltyF. backG.relevant H. doubly I. commitment J.promotedK.demonstrateAlthough many companies offer tuition repayment, most companies only repay employees for classes that are 41_____ to their position. This is a very limiting policy. A company that repays employees for all college credit courses—whether job related or not—offers a service not only to the employees,but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees 42 _____ tuition repayment is that it shows the company’s commitment to its employees. In today’s economy, where job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable, it is important for a company to 43 _____ to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is with concrete 44 _____ in them. In turn, this commitment to the betterment of company employees will create greater employee 45_____. A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money 46_____ by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee turnover, because even employees who don’t take advantage of the tuition repayment program will be more loyal to their company just knowing that their company cares 47_____ to pay for their education. Most importantly, the company that has an unrestricted tuition repayment program will have higher quality employees. Although these companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their 48_____, more often than not, the employee will stay with the company.And even if employees do leave after graduation, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. Thus, even if the employee leaves upon graduating, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will 49_____ benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be 50_____ so the company doesn’t have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. Open positions can be filled by people who already know the company well. Though unconditional tuition repayment requires a significant investment on the employer’s part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Anyone planning to go camping or hiking should first learn to recognize poison ivy, 51_____ this plant can cause a rash resulting in reddened skin, an annoying itch, and painful blisters. A severe 52_____ can even force a person to remain in bed or become hospitalized. The best way to 53_____ these discomforts is to avoid the plant. P.F. ProductionsFortunately this plant is easy to 54_____. Whether it grows as a bush or a vine, the shape of it is always 55_____. Each leaf stalk has three glossy leaves, usually with jagged edges. In early spring the leaves are red, turning. And then the autumn comes, the leaves 56_____ to become bright red or orange. The poison ivy plant is found 57_____ everywhere in North America. Because many birds eat its berries, its seeds are 58_____ distributed. The plant loves thesun and flourishes along beaches, in fields, and by roadsides. It also grows 59_____ in light shade and is often found in parks and pine forests. However, in thick woods the story is different. It is not 60_____ there. That is because the leaves of the trees block out the sun, which the plant needs to grow.The poison in poison ivy is in the form of an oil that is in all parts of the plant. It is extremely 61_____. Merely touching the plant is enough contact for a person to be infected by the 62_____. Touching clothing or shoes that have brushed against the plant can also cause a rash and blisters. Even the smoke from a fire where poison ivy is burning can cause the skin poisoning.A person who makes 63_____ with the plant should wash all infected areas with a strong laundry soap as soon as possible. Clothes that have come in contact with the 64_____ should be dry cleaned or washed in soap and water. There is one good way to prevent the 65_____. Stay away from the plant!( )51. A. since B. so C. therefore D. then( )52. A. cold B. cough C. case D. accident( )53. A. keep B. prevent C. protest D. cut( )54. A. forget B. grow C. fertilize D. recognize( )55. A. the same B. various C. beautiful D. ugly( )56. A. become B. change C. get D. avoid( )57. A. barely B. always C. usually D. almost( )58. A. widely B. narrowly C. practically D. strongly( )59. A. very poor B. very good C. quite wellD. quite worse( )60. A. supported B. discovered C. wateredD. disturbed( )61. A. deep B. high C. catching D. beautiful( )62. A. oil B. part C. form D. contact( )63. A. combination B. contact C. accessD. soap( )64. A. smoke B. fire C. plant D. clothing( )65. A. poisoning B. weeding C. growingD. seedingSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dear Lee,As I told you, I’ll be gone until Wednesday morning. Thank you so much fortaking on my “children” while I’m away. Like real children, they can be kind of irritating sometimes, but I’m going to enjoy myself so much more knowing they’re getting some kind human attention. Remember that Regina (the “queen” in Latin, and she acts like one) is teething. If you don’t watch her, she’ll chew anything, including her sister, the cat. There are plenty of chew toys around the house. Whenever she starts gnawing on anything illegal, just divert her with one of those. She generally settles right down to a good hour-long chew. Then you’ll see her wandering around whimpering with the remains of the toy in her mouth. She gets really frustrated because what she wants is to bury the thing. She’ll try to dig a hole between the cushions of the couch. Finding that unsatisfactory, she’ll wander some more, discontent, until you solve her problem for her. I usually show her the laundry basket, moving a few clothes so she can bury her toy beneath them. I do sound like a parent, don’t I? You have to understand, my own son is practically grown up.Regina’s food is the Puppy Chow in the utility room, where the other pet food is stored. Give her a bowl once in the morning and once in the evening. No more than that, no matter how much she begs. Beagles(猎犬) are notorious overeaters, according to her breeder, and I don’t want her to lose her girlish figure. She can share Rex (the King’s) water, but be sure it’s changed daily. She needs to go out several times a day, especially last thing at night and first thing in the morning. Let her stay out for about ten minutes each time, so she can do all her business. She also needs a walk in the afternoon, after which it’s important to romp with her for awhile in the yard. The game she loves most is fetch, but be sure to make her drop the ball. She’d rather play tug of war with it. Tell her, “Sit!” Then, when she does, say, “Drop it!” Be sure to tell her “good girl,” and then throw the ball for her. I hope you’ll enjoy these sessions as much as I do.Now, for the other two, Rex and Paws… (letter continues)66.The tone of this letter is best described as _____.A. chatty and humorousB. logical and preciseC. confident and trustingD. humble and preachy67.The information in the note is sufficient to determine that there are threeanimals. They are _____.A. two cats and a dogB. three dogsC. a dog, a cat, and an unspecified animalD. a cat, a dog, and a parrot68.From the context of the note, it is most likely that the name “Rex” is_____.A. SpanishB. EnglishC. FrenchD. Latin69.If the sitter is to follow the owner’s directions in playing fetch withRegina, at what point will he or she tell Regina “good girl”?A. Every time Regina goes after the ball.B. After Regina finds the ball.C. When Regina brings the ball back.D. After Regina drops the ball.(B)I was born under the Blue Ridge, and under that side which is blue in the evening light, in a wild land of game and forest and rushing waters. There, on the borders of a creek that runs into the Yadkin River, in a cabin that was chinked with red mud, I came into the world a subject of King George the Third, in that part of his realm known as the province of North Carolina.The cabin smelt very strongly of corn-pone and bacon, and the odor of pelts. It had two shakedowns(临时床铺), on one of which I slept under a bearskin. A rough stone chimney was raised outside, and the fireplace was as long as my father was tall. There was a crane in it, and a bake kettle; and over it great buckhorns held my father’s rifle when it was not in use. On other horns hung jerked bear’s meat and venison hams, and gourds for drinking cups, and bags of seed, and my father’s best hunting shirt; also, in a neglected corner, several articles of woman’s clothing. These once belonged to my mother. Among them was a gown of silk, of a fine, faded pattern, which I always wondered. The women at the Cross-Roads, twelve miles away, were dressed in coarse butternut wool and huge sunbonnets. But when I questioned my father on these matters he would give me no answers.My father was—how shall I say what he was? To this day I can only surmise many things of him. He was a Scotchman born, and I know now that he had a slight Scotch accent. At the time of which I write, my early childhood, he was a frontiersman and hunter. I can see him now, with his hunting shirt and leggins(绑腿) and moccasins（莫卡辛鞋）; his powder horn, engraved with wondrous scenes; his bullet pouch and tomahawk and hunting knife. He was a tall, lean man with a strange, sad face. And he talked little except when he drank too many “horns,” as they were called in that country. These little bad behaviors of my father’s were a permanent source of wonder to me—and, I must say, of delight. They occurred only when a passing traveler who hit his fancy chanced that way, or, what was almost as rare, a neighbor. Many a winter night I have lain awake under the skins, listening to a flow of language that held me spellbound, though I understood scarce a word of it. P.F. Productions“Virtuous(有德行的) and vicious(罪恶的) every man must be,Few in the extreme, but all in a degree.”The chance neighbor or traveler was no less struck with wonder. And many the time have I heard the query, at the Cross-Roads and elsewhere, “Whar Alec Trimble got his larnin’?”70.The mention of the dress in the second paragraph is most likely meant to_____.A. show the similarity between its owner and other members of the communityB. show how warm the climate wasC. show the dissimilarity between its owner and other members of thecommunityD. give us insight into the way most of the women of the region dressed71.Judging by the sentences surrounding it, the underlined word “surmise” inthe third paragraph most nearly means _____.A. to form a negative opinionB. to praiseC. to desireD. to guess72.Why did the narrator enjoy it when his father drank too many “horns,” ordrafts of liquor?A. The father spoke brilliantly at those times.B. The boy was then allowed to do as he pleased.C. These were the only times when the father was not abusive.D. The boy was allowed to sample the drink himself. P.F. Productions73.What is the meaning of the lines of verse (诗句) quoted in the passage?A. Men who pretend to be virtuous are actually vicious.B. Moderate amounts of virtuousness and viciousness are present in all men.C. Virtuous men cannot also be vicious.D. Whether men are virtuous or vicious depends on the difficulty of theircircumstances.(C)Cultural Center Adds Classes for Young AdultsThe Allendale Cultural Center has expanded its arts program to include classes for young adults. Director Leah Martin announced Monday that beginning in September, three new classes will be offered to the Allendale community. The course titles will be Yoga for Teenagers; Hip Hop Dance: Learning the Latest Moves; and Creative Journaling for Teens: Discovering the Writer Within. The latter course will not be held at the Allendale Cultural Center but instead will meet at the Allendale Public Library.Staff member Tricia Cousins will teach the yoga and hip hop classes. Ms. Cousins is an accomplished choreographer (舞蹈教师) as well as an experienced dance educator. She has an MA in dance education from Teachers College, Columbia University, where she wrote a thesis on the pedagogical(教学法的) effectiveness of dance education. The journaling class will be taught by Betsy Milford. Ms. Milford is the head librarian at the Allendale Public Library as well as a columnist for the professional journal Library Focus.The courses are part of the Allendale Cultural Center’s Project Teen, which was initiated by Leah Martin, Director of the Cultural Center. According to Martin, this project is a direct result of her efforts to make the center a more essential part of the Allendale community. Over the last several years, the number of people who have visited the cultural center for classes or events has steadily declined. Project Teen is primarily funded by a generous grant from The McGee Arts Foundation, an organization devoted to bringing arts programs to young adults. Martin oversees the Project Teen board, which consists of five board members. Two board members are students at Allendale’s Brookdale High School; the other three are adults with backgrounds in education and the arts.The creative journaling class will be cosponsored by Brookdale High School,and students who complete the class will be given the opportunity to publish one of their journal entries in Pulse, Brookdale’s student literary magazine. Students who complete the hip hop class will be eligible to participate in the Allendale Review, an annual concert sponsored by the cultural center that features local actors, musicians, and dancers. All classes are scheduled to begin immediately following school dismissal, and transportation will be available from Brookdale High School to the Allendale Cultural Center and the Allendale Public Library. For more information about Project Teen, contact the cultural center’s programming office at 988-0099 or drop by the office after June 1 to pick up a fall course catalog. The office is located on the third floor of the Allendale Town Hall.74.Which of the following statements is correct?A. Tricia Cousins will teach two of the new classes.B. The new classes will begin on June 1.C. People who want a complete fall catalogue should stop by the AllendalePublic Library.D. The cultural center’s annual concert is called Pulse.75.According to Leah Martin, what was the direct cause of Project Teen?A. Tricia Cousins was available to teach courses in the fall.B. Community organizations were ignoring local teenagers.C. The McGee Arts Foundation wanted to be more involved in Allendale’sarts programming.D. She wanted to make the cultural center a more important part of theAllendale community.76.Which of the following factors is implied as another reason for ProjectTeen?A. The number of people visiting the cultural center has declined over thelast several years.B. The cultural center wanted a grant from The McGee Arts Foundation.C. The young people of Allendale have complained about the culturalcenter’s offerings.D. Leah Martin thinks classes for teenagers are more important than classesfor adults.77.This article is organized in which of the following ways?A. In time order, from the past to the future.B. Most important information first, followed by background and details.C. Background first, followed by the most important information and details.D. As sensational news, with the most controversial topic first.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automaticoperation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labour’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation. (in no more than 8 words)78.Automation makes it possible to ________________________________________.79.At first, two things people worried about automation were____________________________.80.According to union spokesmen, the workers benefit from automation in termsof ________________________________________________________.81.What is the last passage mainly talking about?________________________________. P.F. Productions(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)第 II 卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。
上海市各区2013-2014年高三英语二模试卷分类汇编----中英翻译-老师版(带答案已经校对)
I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他们的建议听起来和我们的同样可行。
(as…as)2. 一到机场，玛丽就发现把护照忘在家里了。
(Hardly)3. 正是他对我们表现的评价，表明我们已经步入正轨了。
(track)4. 我没想到那个曾经受到高度赞扬的钢琴家结果却令观众大失所望。
(turn out)5. 如果不能独立找出提高学习效率的方法，你就很难取得令人满意的成绩。
(unless)Keys:1. Their suggestion sounds as feasible as ours.2. Hardly had Mary got to the airport when she found/noticed that she had left the passport at home.3. It was their comment on our performance that showed we had already been on the right track.4. I never thought that the pianist who had once been highly praised/spoken highly of turned out to be a great disappointment to the audience.5. It is very difficult for you to gain satisfactory achievements unless you find out the method of improving the learning efficiency by yourself / on your own.I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这位医生已经说服了很多人戒烟。
2014年上海高考英语真题及答案
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It carried the mayor’s sp eech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of thepassages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (37)______ (appropriate)”In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws---for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to dealwith difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies andbehavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want to hit the gymmore regularly this year. How doyou make that happen? Considerputting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First,there's a cue, something that tellsyour brain to operate automatically.Then there's a routine. And finally,a reward, which helps your brainlearn to desire the behavior. It'swhat you can use to create-orbreak-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving yourrunning shoes by the door, thenpick. a reward-say, a piece ofchocolate when you get home fromthe gym. That way, the cue and thereward become interconnected.Finally, when you see the shoes,your brain will start longing for thereward, which will make it easier towork out day after day. The bestpart? In a couple of weeks, youwon't need the chocolate at all.Your brain will come to see theworkout itself as the reward. Whichis the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fitsin the box with a “?” in THE HABITLOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct（行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency （透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
上海市徐汇区2014年中考二模英语试题
2013学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷初三英语学科2014.4（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分)A B C DE F G H1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共8分)7. A) In a clothes shop. B) In a library. C) In a hospital. D) In a museum.8. A) Joe’s. B) Cindy’s. C) Jeff’s. D) Linda’s.9. A) By bus. B) By taxi. C) By underground. D) By train.10. A) Maths. B) Chinese. C) English. D) Science.11. A) For 1 year. B) For 3 years. C) For 5 years. D) For 8 years.12. A) Call the police. B) Ask the teacher for help.C) Tell his parents. D) Stay silent.13. A) When she does some business.B) When she **puter games.C) When she meets new friends.D) When she does her homework.14. A) Jimmy usually helps with the housework.B) Both of the parents feel strange about Jimmy’s change.C) Jimmy tries to be a good boy when he wants something.D) It’s not quite easy to get something from the parents.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示): (共6分)15. The charity organization was created by an Australian girl.16. The organization buys and sells bikes children don’t need.17. Each bike will be checked up carefully before it is given out.18. Students who do well in public schools can receive the bikes as a prize.19. Because of the bikes, many students not only love school work but exercise as well.20. The charity organization is welcomed by parents, teachers and most people.D. Listen to the passage **plete the following sentences (听短文，完成下列内容。