英语基本句子成分

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英语句子成分

英语句子成分

英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

(1)主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如:I’m Miss Green.(2)谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如:Jack cleans the room.(3)表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如:My name is Alice。

(4)宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如:He can spell the word.有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

如:He wrote me a letter..有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如:He wrote a letter to me .(5)定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。

如:Shanghai is a big city .(6)状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

如:He works hard .(7)宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

如:They usually keep their classroom clean. / He often helps me do my lessons.三、简单的五种基本句型:1、S(主)+ Vi(不及物动词)(谓语)——→主动结构例如:Time flies.1)S + V + 副词(状语)例如:Birds sing beautifully.2)S + Vi + 介词短语(状语)例如:He went on holiday.3)S + Vi + 不定式(状语)例如:We stopped to have a rest.4)S + Vi + 分词(状语)例如:I'll go swimming.2、S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓语)+ O(宾语)——→主动宾结构例如:We like English.1)S + Vt + 名词/代词例如:I like music.2)S + Vt + 不定式例如:I want to help him.[说明] 常用于这句型的动词有:decide, hope, learn, need, promise, want, 等。

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。

除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。

主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。

Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。

简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I needDirect Object)和间接宾语I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.a secretFHe is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you known Betty’s sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my wayG可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.讲出划线部分的句子成分:1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.2.I have a lot to say on this matter.3.Please give me some advice.4.She is quite all right now.5.A lonely person is always alone.6.A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.7.To travel abroad one must have a passport.8.He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.分析句子结构:1.What you said made me happy.2.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?3.After he finished his homework, he went away.4. He likes pop music.5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.。

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

英语句子成分及五种基本句型

1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner smells good.
午餐的气味很好。
3. Everything looks different.
一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
什么可以作谓语?
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾
例句 他时常弹吉他。 A
例句B 我想喝杯茶。
例句C 我不知道什么时候离开这儿。
例句 我承认伤害了你。 D
Tip 1
某些特定的动词习惯于用动词不定式作为其宾语,如: attempt,decide,expect,hope,learn,need, pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等
I’d like to have some coffee.
动词不定式
I enjoy working with you.
动名词
I think you are right.
宾语从句及复合宾语
I really don’t know what to do next.
思考: 一个句子中若可以存在宾语,其谓语动词应该具备 什么特点呢?
基本句型3: 主+谓+宾

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。

这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。

这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下:1.S十V句式在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.).例如:He runs quickly.他跑得快。

They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。

He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。

China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。

The gas has given out.煤气用完了.My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。

例如:He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。

He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣.The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。

The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。

The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。

The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜.You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。

英语句子成分及五种简单句

英语句子成分及五种简单句

*There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。 这里的there没有实际意义, 不可与副词 ‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词, 表示 “(存在)有某事物”。
试比较: There is a boy there. (那儿有一个男孩) 前一个there无实意, 后一个there为副词‘那里’。
The food has turned bad.
第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep, remain, continue,stay等。
Keep quiet, children!
The weather continued fine for a long time.
It remains to be proved.
❖ 同位语 是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或
说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词 、和从句等均可作同位语。如:
We students should study hard. (students是we 的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指 同样的‘我们’)
❖ 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.
❖ 2) I would like to invite all my friends here. ❖ 5) He is working in the garden.
表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如be,become)之后
基本句型: 句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上 一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合 谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做 连系动词。
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况; get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。 be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的 作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

英语句子成分

英语句子成分

英语句子成分英语句子成分英语句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语和同位语八种。

主语是句子叙述的主体,谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语由动词来承担。

宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。

举例分析:1.主语:动作的执行者或状态的坚持者.主语位于句首. 如:I want an apple. I am at home.(I 是主语)形式主语:短语或句子作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,常用it代替主语,而把真正的主语放在句未。

此时称it为形式主语。

如:To see you again is glad.→ It is glad to see you again.又见到你很高兴.(it代替to see you again)2.谓语:说明主语做什么、是什么或怎样样的成分。

谓语通常在主语之后。

We watch TV every day.(watch说明主语做什)Tom is a doctor.(is a doctor说明主语是什么)She is happy.(is happy说明主语怎样样)通俗的理解:谓语是主语发出的动作或存在的状态,如上例.注意:谓语只能由动词充当,并且一个句子只能有一个谓语动词。

动词分四类,所以句子的谓语也有四种,这四种可归为两类:简单谓语和复合谓语。

简单谓语:谓语部分仅有一个行为动词。

简单谓语仅有三种情景: 如:1) I like English. (动词原形)2) Tom likes English. (动词单三形式)3) We went home. (动词过去式)复合谓语:谓语部分有两个或两个以上的词。

复合谓语有三种情景:[由整理]1) 系动词+表语如:Tom is in the room.( is是系动词)2) 情态动词+原形动词如:Tom can speak English.( can是情态动词)3) 助动词+其它动词如:Tom is reading English. ( is是助动词)注意:1) 主语与谓语之间的关系叫主谓关系,有了主语和谓语就构成了一个最简单的句子。

英语基本句子成分

英语基本句子成分

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here.名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk.名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词1.be动词2.与感觉有关的动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等3.表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如get,grow,turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。

及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I like going shopping.动名词做宾语We think predicting the future is hard.宾语从句5、宾语补足语(宾补)有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。

英语句子成分大全

英语句子成分大全

英语句子成分大全英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

下面是小编为你整理的有关英语句子成分大全,欢迎阅读!英语五种基本句型列式如下:一: S V (主+谓)二: S V P (主+系+表)三: S V O (主+谓+宾)四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S V (主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S │ V (不及物动词)1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢?6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二: S V P (主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做连系动词。

系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。

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句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语
1、主语
一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置:
一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语
She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语
Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语
The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语
There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语
Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语
To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语
2、谓语
表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词
句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语
Mr. Li teaches English.
He can play the piano.
My parents and I are having dinner.
3、表语
用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置
用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen is on the desk.
He got very angry.
My dream is to have a robot.
常见的系动词
1. be动词
2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等
3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如get, grow, turn等
上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语
是动作的对象或承受者。

及物动词必须跟宾语.
及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.
不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.
I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语
I want three. 数词做宾语
I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语
We think predicting the future is hard. 宾语从句
5、宾语补足语(宾补)
有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。

如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。

充当宾补的有:
1. 形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.
2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:I found her in the room.
3. 副词作宾语补足语。

Please let him in.
4. 名词作宾语补足语。

We made him monitor of the class.
5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。

I asked him to come.
6、定语
定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)
1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)
They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.
2. 名词作定语: Is it a color film?
名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers
但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop
man 和woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:
men drivers, women doctors
3. 代词作定语: This song is better than that one.
4. 数词作定语: There are only thirty students in our class.
带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.
a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy
5. 副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
Do you know the young man over there?
6. 介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):
The students in our class like swimming.
7、状语
修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.
1. 副词作状语:
The old man is walking slowly. 表方式
The boy is very clever. 表程度
2. 介词短语作状语:
I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表时间
3. 不定式作状语
I come here to see you. 表目的
4. 现在分词作状语
The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式
5. 状语从句
We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
状语的位置
1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。

We like our school very much.
2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.
I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.
3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,
用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后
I usually get up early.
He is often late.
一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似
sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末
only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.
The actor only sang a song.
Only the actor sang a song.
The actor sang only one song.
两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.
We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.
2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大
Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.
3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词
She sang very well at the meeting last night.
时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯
Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.。

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