外研社高一英语必修3 Module 5 grammar 1&2
如此有趣, 大家都喜欢。
5. It is very useful to master a foreign language, which has been said before. _____
6. As everyone hoped, Mary has won the __ first prize. as引导定语从句可放在句首、句中、句 末, 而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首。 as译为正如, 好像。which 则没有此义。
1.Who follows a word referring to ________. (a) a person (b) a thing 2. Which follows a word referring to ______. (a) a thing (b) a person
3. Instead of which you can say __________. (a) who (b) that 4. Where follows a word that refers to _____. (a) place (b) time
3. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. The girl that/who/whom ______________________we saw
yesterday is Mary.
1. that与which
1. Nothing ____ can be done hasn’t been done. that 2. Do you have anything ____ you don’t that understand? 先行词是 everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词, 引 导定语从句用that。
that 5. I’ve read all the books ____ you lent me.
先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little,
every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语
从句用that。
6. The famous writer and his works that the ___
8. Who ____ you have ever seen can do it that
better?
Who 做先行词时, 引导定语从句用that。
9. Her bag, in which she put all her money, has _____
been stolen.
10. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 _____
高一外研版必修三
Module 5 Great peole and Great inventions of Ancient China
Grammar 1 & 2
Explanation to Attributive clause
定语从句: 是指在复合句中, 修饰名词或
代词的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 词叫做 “先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫 “关系词”。
radio broadcast have aroused great interest
among the students.
7. A victim is a person, animal or thing ___ that
suffers pain, death, harm, etc. 先行词中既有人又有事物时, 引导定语从 句用that。
指时间, 地点或原因的先行词在定语从 句中作主语或宾语, 用which或that引导 定语从句。
This is the reason ____ (= for which) I why didn’t come here. The reason _________ she gave was not which/that true.
4. Mozi was another teacher who was
very influential.
5. He came from a family which was very poor.
Read the sentences above again and choose the right answer
2. There are 20 students, ____ are different
in this class.
A. whose backgrounds B. The backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose
3. as 的用法
1. The earth is round, __ we all know. as As ___ is known to all, the earth is round. It __ is known to all that the earth is round. 定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正 如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定 的。
动词的数取决于先行词。
6.如何判断介词 (1) 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
This is the book ___ which you asked. for
注意: 动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前 The old man whom I am looking after is better.
(2) 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。 He referred me to some reference books ____ which I am not very with familiar. (3) 根据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先行 词搭配。 This is our classroom, ____________ in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
where
when
指时间
指原因
why
关 系 副 词
Join the following sentences:
1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is a machine _____________can fly. that /which 2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. ________ we saw yesterday is Mary. The girl
3. This is the best TV that is made in China. ___
4. The first museum that he visited in China was ___ the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时, 引导定语从句用that。
1. Confucius lived in a century 2. Ancient China was a country 3. Some rulers followed the advice 4. Philosophers were people 5. Mozi was a man
where there were
5. When follows word that refers to ______. (a) place (b) time 6. whose means ______________. (a) of whom (b) who
Match the two parts of the sentences.
who which when where whose
2. This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 This is the same book that I 3. This is such an interesting book __ we all like. as This is so interesting a book __ we all like.
Read the sentences below and underline the relative clauses. 1. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 2. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. 3. Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
4. when, where, why与that, which的区别
(1) I’ll never forget the day when we first _____ met in the park. (2) I’ll never forget the time __________ I (which\that) spent with you. (3) I’ll never forget the time which\that _________ was spent with you. (4) This is the museum ____________ I (which\that) visited last year.
5. 定语从句中的谓语动词
He is the only one in his class who ___ has (have) got the teacher’s praise. He is one of the students in his class who have ____ (have) got the teacher’s praise. 关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语
高一英语外研版必修3教案： Module5Period5 含解析 精品
Module 5Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Period 5Grammar 1 & Grammar 2 & Function整体设计教学内容分析本节课由Grammar 1 & Grammar 2 & Function三部分组成。
Grammar 1介绍了由关系词where，when，whose，who，which引导的定语从句，通过活动帮助学生认识定语从句，理清概念，在运用中把有关知识转化为语用能力。
Grammar 2介绍了“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，通过活动帮助学生认识这种语法现象。
Function 介绍了交际功能“陈述理由”(Giving reasons)的语句。
要求学生学习两种相关句型：1)I like reading about ancient China because the philosophy is very interesting.2)The reason why I like reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very inte-resting.三维目标设计Knowledge and skills1．To help the students learn the usage of defining attributive clauses.2．To help the students learn to cooperate with others.Process and methods1．To encourage the students to take an active part in the learning activities by giving them clear instructions on what to do.In addition，correct possible mistakes they might make in a proper way by making necessary changes while repeating their sentences.2．To encourage the students to cooperate with the others by working in pairs or in groups of four.3．To make sure that the students pay attention to the important points by summarising the usage of defining attributive clauses.Emotion，attitude and value1．To help the students have confidence in learning English grammars and express themselves freely.2．To help the students appreciate the advantage of cooperative learning.教学重点1．To get the students to have a good knowledge of this grammar point：defining attributive clauses.2．To enable the students to use defining attributive clauses.教学难点To help the students grasp the usage of defining attributive clauses.教学过程Grammar 1Defining attributive clauses 【15 min.】Task 1Look at these sentences from Philosophers of Ancient China.Try to find if theunderlined phrases give essential or extra information.1．Read the sentences while the students follow in their books.2．Make sure that they know how to use defining attributive clauses.3．Ask the students to find other examples using whose，who，where from the passage individually.Then discuss their answers with their partners.4．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1)Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.2)Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.3)As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.Task 2Look at the sentences in activity 1 again.Choose the right answers of activity 2.1.who follows a word referring to .(a)a person(b)a thing2.which follows a word referring to.(a)a thing(b)a person3.Instead of which you can say .(a)who (b)that4.where follows a word that refers to .(a)place (b)time5.when follows a word that refers to .(a)place (b)time6.whose means .(a)of whom (b)who1．Ask the students to complete this activity individually.Then they can discuss their answers with their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1.a2.a3.b4.a5.b6.awith their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1.E2.A3.B4.C5.Dwith their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1.which2.where3.when4.whose5.whose6.when7.whereGrammar 2 Defining attributive clauses ：of whom ，in which 【18 min.】with their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class ，as complete sentences.ANSWERS1.C2.D3.B4.ATask 2 Underline the words that are different in each pair of sentences.1．Ask the students to complete this activity individually.Then they can discuss their answerswith their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1)identical2)identical3)was used/appeared in4)identicalTask 3Rewrite these sentences as in the examples in activity 1.1.The man who(m) I am thinking of invented the first real clock.2.These are the leaves which silk is made from.3.He is a person who(m) everyone has heard of.4.This is the house which the inventor lived in.1．Ask the students to complete this activity individually.Then they can discuss their answers with their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1.The man of whom I am thinking invented the first real clock.2.These are the leaves from which silk is made.3.He is a person of whom everyone has heard.4.This is the house in which the inventor lived.(These sentences are very formal；native speakers never say so.)with their partners.2．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERS1．We're in the region in which printing was first invented.2．It's an invention of which he is very proud.3．He is a man of whom I am afraid because he has invented something very dangerous.4．The machine at which you are looking is very old.5．Is that the inventor to whom you were talking.1.where2.who3.whose4.whichFunction 【10 min.】Task 1Look at these sentences.Underline the words that are the same in both sentences.1．Read out the two examples while the students follow in their books.1)Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.2)Often，the reason why people are unhappy is that they do not have enough love.2．Ask the students to underline the common words individually.Then they can discuss their answers with their partners.3．Collect the answers from the whole class.ANSWERSthe reason/why/is/thatTask 2Rewrite the sentences.1.We remember the ancient philosophers because their ideas are important.2.I bought the book because it is about philosophy.3.Mencius resigned because the ruler was not following his advice.4.Mozi hated the idea of war because he thought people should not kill each other.1．Read out the four sentences while the students follow in their books.2．Ask the students to do the activity individually.Then they can discuss their answers with their partners.3．Collect the answers from the whole class.Show the answers on the screen or write them on the blackboard.ANSWERS1.The reason why we remember the ancient philosophers is that their ideas are important.2.The reason why I bought the book is that it is about philosophy.3.The reason why Mencius resigned was that the ruler was not following his advice.4.The reason why Mozi hated the idea of war was that he thought people should not kill each other.Making a summary 【2 min.】Summarise the whole period.First，emphasise the usage o f defining attributive clauses.Then sum up the features of the connectives：where，when，whose，who，which.HomeworkDo the exercise 1 and 2 on page 91.教学参考One Great Invention of Ancient China—Printing●Block PrintingWith the inventions of paper and ink，stamper gradually became popular during the Jin Dynasty(265-420)，which was the early form of Carved Type Printing.Block Printing first appeared in the Tang Dynasty(618-907)．The text was first written on a piece of thin paper，then glued face down onto a wooden plate.The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate，which was used to print the text.Wood-block printing took a long time as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book.It took a lot of time and energy as well as materials to prepare for printing a book，but it worked more effectively afterwards.This technology was gradually introduced to Korea，Japan，Vietnam，and the Philippines.Yet，Block Printing had its drawbacks—all the boards became useless after the printing was done and a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block.The frontispiece of the world's oldest surviving book，The Diamond Sutra printed in the year 868，was discovered at Dunhuang Cave，along the Silk Road.The book，in the form of a roll，is the earliest woodcut illustration in a printed book.●Movable Type PrintingBlock Printing was a costly and time-consuming process，for each carved block could only be used for a specific page of a particular book，besides，a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block.However movable type printing changed all of that.In the Song Dynasty(960-1279)，a man named Bi Sheng carved individual characters on identical pieces of fine clay.Each piece of movable type had on it one Chinese character which was carved in relief on a small block of moistened clay.After the block had been hardened by fire，the type became hard and durable and could be used wherever required.The pieces of movable type could be glued to an iron plate and easily detached from the plate.Each piece of character could be assembled to print a page and then broken up and redistributed as needed.When the printing was finished，the pieces were put away for future use.By the year 1000，paged books in the modern style had replaced scrolls.Two colour printing (black and red) was seen as early as 1340.This technology then spread to Korea，Japan，Vietnam and ter，German Johann Gutenberg invented movable type made of metal in the 1440s.Movable Type Printing developed very fast.Based on clay type，type made of wood，lead，tin and copper gradually appeared.。
外研版高中英语必修三Module5Grammar
(二)关系词 1.关系代词的用法.
(1)that和which的用法。 ①that既可指人又可指物，which指物；它们在从句中作 主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可省略。
*Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in. 请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。（此处先行词 是a room，引导词which/that在从句中作主语，不能省略） *This is the house (which/that) we bought last month. 这是我 们上个月买的那幢房子。（此处先行词是the house，引导词 which/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
*He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个男人。
(3)whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语， 相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可转化为 “the+名词+ of which /whom” 和 “of which /whom +the +名词” 的形式。
4. Ancient China was a place _w__h_er_e_ states were often at war with each other. ( 地点状语) 5. But it was also a time _w_h_e_n_ there were many great philosophers. ( 时间状语 )
*Please pass me the book whose cover is green. ＝Please pass me the book of which the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
外研英语必修3Module5 Grammar (共17张PPT)
5. Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?
Keys : 1 — 5: CDABA 6 —10： CCDDD 11—15： CCDBC 16—18：CCC
1、只要有坚强的意志力，就自然而然地会有能耐、机灵和知识。2、你们应该培养对自己，对自己的力量的信心，百这种信心是靠克服障碍，培养意志和锻炼意志而获得的。 3、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。4、天行健，君子以自强不息。5、有百折不挠的信念的所支持的人的意志，比那些似乎是无敌的物质力量有更强大 的威力。6、永远没有人力可以击退一个坚决强毅的希望。7、意大利有一句谚语：对一个歌手的要求，首先是嗓子、嗓子和嗓子……我现在按照这一公式拙劣地摹仿为：对 一个要成为不负于高尔基所声称的那种“人”的要求，首先是意志、意志和意志。8、执着追求并从中得到最大快乐的人，才是成功者。9、三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。 10、发现者，尤其是一个初出茅庐的年轻发现者，需要勇气才能无视他人的冷漠和怀疑，才能坚持自己发现的意志，并把研究继续下去。11、我的本质不是我的意志的结果， 相反，我的意志是我的本质的结果，因为我先有存在，后有意志，存在可以没有意志，但是没有存在就没有意志。12、公共的利益，人类的福利，可以使可憎的工作变为可 贵，只有开明人士才能知道克服困难所需要的热忱。13、立志用功如种树然，方其根芽，犹未有干；及其有干，尚未有枝；枝而后叶，叶而后花。14、意志的出现不是对愿 望的否定，而是把愿望合并和提升到一个更高的意识水平上。15、无论是美女的歌声，还是鬓狗的狂吠，无论是鳄鱼的眼泪，还是恶狼的嚎叫，都不会使我动摇。16、即使 遇到了不幸的灾难，已经开始了的事情决不放弃。17、最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。18、既然我已经踏上这条道路，那么，任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下 去。19、意志若是屈从，不论程度如何，它都帮助了暴力。20、有了坚定的意志，就等于给双脚添了一对翅膀。21、意志坚强，就会战胜恶运。22、只有刚强的人，才有神 圣的意志，凡是战斗的人，才能取得胜利。23、卓越的人的一大优点是：在不利和艰难的遭遇里百折不挠。24、疼痛的强度，同自然赋于人类的意志和刚度成正比。25、能 够岿然不动，坚持正见，度过难关的人是不多的。26、钢是在烈火和急剧冷却里锻炼出来的，所以才能坚硬和什么也不怕。我们的一代也是这样的在斗争中和可怕的考验中 锻炼出来的，学习了不在生活面前屈服。27、只要持续地努力，不懈地奋斗，就没有征服不了的东西。28、立志不坚，终不济事。29、功崇惟志，业广惟勤。30、一个崇高 的目标，只要不渝地追求，就会居为壮举；在它纯洁的目光里，一切美德必将胜利。31、书不记，熟读可记；义不精，细思可精；惟有志不立，直是无着力处。32、您得相 信，有志者事竟成。古人告诫说：“天国是努力进入的”。只有当勉为其难地一步步向它走去的时候，才必须勉为其难地一步步走下去，才必须勉为其难地去达到它。33、 告诉你使我达到目标的奥秘吧，我唯一的力量就是我的坚持精神。34、成大事不在于力量的大小，而在于能坚持多久。35、一个人所能做的就是做出好榜样，要有勇气在风 言风语的社会中坚定地高举伦理的信念。36、即使在把眼睛盯着大地的时候，那超群的目光仍然保持着凝视太阳的能力。37、你既然期望辉煌伟大的一生，那么就应该从今 天起，以毫不动摇的决心和坚定不移的信念，凭自己的智慧和毅力，去创造你和人类的快乐。38、一个有决心的人，将会找到他的道路。39、在希望与失望的决斗中，如果 你用勇气与坚决的双手紧握着，胜利必属于希望。40、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。41、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地走到底，决不回头。42、生命里最重 要的事情是要有个远大的目标，并借助才能与坚持来完成它。43、事业常成于坚忍，毁于急躁。我在沙漠中曾亲眼看见，匆忙的旅人落在从容的后边；疾驰的骏马落在后头， 缓步的骆驼继续向前。44、有志者事竟成。45、穷且益坚，不坠青云之志。46、意志目标不在自然中存在，而在生命中蕴藏。47、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。 48、思想的形成，首先是意志的形成。49、谁有历经千辛万苦的意志，谁就能达到任何目的。50、不作什么决定的意志不是现实的意志；无性格的人从来不做出决定。我终 生的等待，换不来你刹那的凝眸。最美的不是下雨天，是曾与你躲过雨的屋檐。征服畏惧、建立自信的最快最确实的方法，就是去做你害怕的事，直到你获得成功的经验。 真正的爱，应该超越生命的长度、心灵的宽度、灵魂的深度。生活真象这杯浓酒，不经三番五次的提炼呵，就不会这样可口！人格的完善是本，财富的确立是末能力可以慢 慢锻炼，经验可以慢慢积累，热情不可以没有。不管什么东西，总是觉得，别人的比自己的好！只有经历过地狱般的折磨，才有征服天堂的力量。只有流过血的手指才能弹 出世间的绝唱。对时间的价值没有没有深切认识的人，决不会坚韧勤勉。第一个青春是上帝给的；第二个的青春是靠自己努力的。不要因为寂寞而恋爱，孤独是为了幸福而 等待。每天清晨，当我睁开眼睛，我告诉自己：我今天快乐或是不快乐，并非由我所遭遇的事情造成的，而应该取决于我自己。我可以自己选择事情的发展方向。昨日已逝，
外研版高中英语必修三Module 5 Grammar
5. Mozi was a teacher _w_h_o_s_e principles were different from those of Confucius.
6. ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้t was a time w__h_e_nphilosophers could have positions in governments.
3. as的用法
The earth is round, _a_s we all know. _A_s_ is known to all, the earth is round. _I_t is known to all that the earth is round. 定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正 如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定 的。
注意避免重复
1. that与which
1. Nothing _th__a_t can be done has been done.
2. Do you have anything _th_a_t_ you don’t understand?
先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代 词, 引导定语从句用that。
Clause 非限制性定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词
指代人 who, whom, that 关
指代事物 which, that
系
所属关系 whose, of which
代 词
指地点 where 关
指时间 when 系
外研英语必修3Module5 grammar (共19张PPT)
5. Can you lend me the novel w__h_ic_h_/t_h_a_t/_不__填__ you
talked about yesterday?
【归纳二】如何选择关系代词？
定语从句三步走： 第一步,找出先行词； 第二步,看先行词在定语从句中作的成份； 第三步,选择合适的关系代词。
2. Do you believe the reason __________he came late?
？ C. 1.I will remember the daysw_h_ic_h_/_t_h_a_t/_×___ we spent together.
2. I will remember the days ________we study English together.
【归纳一】 定语从句中的关系代词
关系 所指代 在定语从句中所作的句
代词
（即先行词指 子成分
人还是指物）（即主、宾还是定语） 思考; 这些关系代
定 who
人
主语、宾语
词何时可以省略？
语
whom
人
从
which
物
句
宾语 主语、宾语
代替先行词在从 句中充当宾语时
that 人/物
主语、宾语
whose 人/物
to you? 2. Do you believe the reason w_h_y_/f_o_r_w_h_ic_h_he came late? C. 1.I will remember the days w_h_i_ch_/_th_a_t_/×____ we spent
together. 2. I will remember the days w_h_e_n_/o_n_w_h_ic_h_we study
外研英语必修3Module5grammar(共28张PPT)
A friend is someone whom you want to share happiness and sorrow with. I’d like to share a traditional art which is famous in China with you.
The Farmers’ Prints(农民版画)
It is a folk art with a long history. Prints of different subjects have been found
on buildings which date back to Ming and Qing Dynasty.
By now, Prints has become a symbol of the city . Farmers’Prints which the
Form/Structure The Farmers’ Prints
2minutes
Li Chengzhi is a Farmers’Print expert who learned to make prints from an early
age. She is the one whose works are showed all over the world.
previously showed in the US,Canada, and other countries serve as part of the culture
exchange.
(5) There are two types of Farmers’Prints that people still make today: prints for
Function ＆ Meaning:
外研英语必修3Module5Grammar (共20张PPT)
1962 (Year of the Tiger)
Job: Alibaba Group Chairman
Job: Professional Basketball Player
Former job: Folk Music Singer
First professional team: Shanghai Current state: First Lady of
关系词(relatives)：引导定语从句，起___连___接作用
代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分
1. An essay about the Chinese philosophers who have most influenced
Chinese civilization
that
the Chinese philosophers have most influenced Chinese civilization
1. Write an essay about the Chinese philosophers who have most influenced Chinese civilization
2. The thinker whose influence has been the greatest was Confucius.
Antecedent（先行词） Relatives（关系词）
Relative pronouns(关系 代词）
which, who, whom, whose, that (主语、宾语、定语…)
Relative adverbs （关系副词）
where, when，why (状语）
Introduce a
Gala, 1982
外研英语必修3Module5Grammar (共25张PPT)
The attributive clauses:
1. Love is one big illusion I should try to forget, but there is something left in my head 2. You’re the one who set it up now you’re the one to make it stop 3. I’m the one who’s feeling lost right now
He is not nearly as rich or famous Marc Andreessen, who was cofounder of Netscape, or Bill Gates, whose name has become a household word.
Whose is the possessive relative pronoun. It is generally used both for animals and things, but unusual except in very formal English.
4. His parents, who helped design the world’s first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of mathematics and learning
Who always refers to persons. It is used as the subject or the object of the clause .
In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of Internet users started to grow quickly. However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way the Web has developed. He thinks it has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity that he had imagined. In 1999, Berners-Lee published a book which is called Weaving the Web, in which he answers questions he is often asked: “What were you thinking when you invented the Web?” “What do you think of it now?”
外研版必修三module 5 grammar (共24张PPT)
• 如： • All that can be done has been done. 所有能 做的都做好了。 • There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为 你干什么。 • The book contains none that interests me. 这 本书没什么让我感兴趣的东西。
• 3)which, that • 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句 中可作主语、宾语等，例如: • A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. • 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中 作主语) • The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. • 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语)
• ② 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 时。如： • The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. • 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 • This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. • 这是我读过的最好的书。
module5 Grammar 定语从句
Step1: 由关系代词及关系副词 引导的定语从句
• (1) 如何确定关系词 • 方法一：准确判断关系词在定语从句中的成 分，关系词作主语、宾语，用关系代词；关 系词作状语，用关系副词；关系词作定语则 用whose, 或which。
外研必修三_Module5--grammar
5. 以下情况只能用which引导定语从句: 1.介词后面 2.逗号后面
• There are many trees under which they can have a rest. • This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars. • Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
2. that 和 which 都可以指物，但下列情 况只用that, 不用which
① 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或 由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不 用 which。 • Do you have anything that you don’t understand? • I’ve read all the books that you lend me. • Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
④ 先行词被the very, the only,the last等修饰 且指物时,引导定语从句用that。 • This is the very book that belongs to him. • He is the only person that was present at the time. ⑤ 当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时， 只用that。 • Who is the girl that drove the car?