The Song of Hiawatha by Longfellow朗费罗--海华沙之歌
朗费罗简介
朗费罗，H．w．(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，1807-1882) 19世纪最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。
1807年2月27日出生于城一个律师家庭。
1822年进入博多因学院，与是同班同学。
毕业后去过、、和等地，研究这些国家的语言和文学。
1836年开始在讲授语言，文学长达十八年，致力于介绍文化和浪漫主义作家的作品，成为文化中心文学界和社交界的重要人物。
信息1839年出版第一部诗集《》（Voices of the Night），包括著名的《夜的赞歌》、《》（即《》A Psalm of Life）、《群星之光》等音韵优美的抒情诗。
1841年出版诗集《歌谣及其他》，其中有故事诗《铠甲骷髅》、《金星号遇难》，也有叙事中含有简朴哲理的《乡村铁匠》、《向更高处攀登》等。
诗中充溢了淬质奋发的精神和乐观情绪。
这两部诗集在两岸风靡一时，他从此以诗人闻名于世。
1845年发表诗集《布吕赫钟楼及其他》，因收有《斯普林菲尔德的军火库》、《》、《努伦堡》和《布吕赫钟楼及其他》等佳篇而为人称道。
《海边与炉边》（1849）包含了诗人向读者宣告创作意图的《献辞》以及通过造船的形象讴歌联邦的缔造的长诗《航船的建造》1850年发表了《李君裕的悲惨命运》。
2主要创作朗费罗的主要诗作包括3首长篇叙事诗，或“通俗史诗”：《伊凡吉林》（1847）、《之歌》和《迈尔斯·斯坦狄什的求婚》（1858）。
1854年辞去教职，专事创作。
次年发表《海华沙之歌》。
这是采用印第安人传说而精心构思的长诗，写印第安人领袖海华沙一生克敌制胜的英雄业绩，以及他结束部落混战，教人民种植玉米，清理河道，消除疾病等重要贡献。
在史上这是描写印第安人的第一部史诗，但诗的素材主要来源于斯库尔的著作，作者缺乏直接的生活体验；诗的韵律完全模仿史诗《》，当时虽然受到了读者的赞赏，却遭到后代一些的责难。
从1843年起，朗费罗夫妇在幽静的克雷吉别墅中度过了17年幸福的家庭生活。
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6）附：作者及作品一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。
教师公开招聘考试中学英语(英美文学)模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
教师公开招聘考试中学英语（英美文学）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 第二部分专业基础知识第二部分专业基础知识词汇与结构1．George Gordon Byron’s masterpiece is______.A．Tales from ShakespeareB．Far from the Madding CrowdC．Don JuanD．Prometheus Unbound正确答案：C解析：拜伦是英国浪漫主义时期的著名作家之一，《唐璜》是他的代表作之一。
A项《莎士比亚故事集》是查尔斯·兰姆的作品；B项《远离尘嚣》是托马斯·简·哈代的代表作之一；D项《解放了的普罗米修斯》是雪莱的作品。
知识模块：英美文学2．Walden was written by______.A．Ralph Waldo EmersonB．Henry David ThoreauC．Nathaniel HawthorneD．Henry W. Longfellow正确答案：B解析：《瓦尔登湖》是19世纪美国超验主义作家亨利·大卫·梭罗的作品；A项的拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生也是超验主义的鼻祖，代表作有Essays《散文集》，Nature《论自然》和The American Scholar《论美国学者》；C项霍桑的代表作是The Scarlet Letter《红字》；D项的朗费罗的代表作是The Song of Hiawatha《海华沙之歌》。
知识模块：英美文学3．American literature is started with the publication of Washington Irving’s______.A．A History of New YorkB．The Legend of Sleepy HollowC．Rip Van WinkleD．The Sketch Book正确答案：D解析：华盛顿·欧文《见闻札记》的出版标志着美国文学史的开端。
美国文学文化常识略记(英汉对应)
四、Walt Whitman惠特曼 创造了自由诗体（Free verse）
The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
三、William Faulkner威廉福克纳
Absalom,Absalom!《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
The sound and the Fury《喧哗与骚动》
The light in August《八月之光》
As I Lay Dying《我弥留之际》
二、William Carlos Williams威廉姆斯
Pterson 《佩特森》
Red Wheelbarrow《红色手推车》
The Widow's Lament in Spring Time《寡妇的春怨》
三、T.S.Eliot
The Waste Land《荒原》标志现代主义
The love song of J.Alfred Prufrock《普洛夫洛克的情歌》
自然主义
四、Stephen Crane斯蒂文 克瑞恩（第一位美国自然主义者）
Maggie:A Girl of Streets《梅吉街头女郎》
The Red Badage of Courage《红色应用勋章》
五、Frank Norris弗兰克诺里斯
The Epic of the Wheat:The Octopus,The Pit,The Wolf《小麦三部曲》
The Arrow and the Song(箭与歌) H.W. Longfellow(H.W.朗费罗)英语原文、中文翻译
The Arrow and the Song
H. W. Longfellow
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where,
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight,
Could not follow it in its flight.
I breathed a song into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where,
For who has sight so keen and strong,
That it can follow the fight of song?
Long, long afterwards, in an oak,
I found the arrow, still unbroken.
And the song, from beginning to end,
I found again in the heart of a friend.
箭与歌
H.W.朗费罗
我将一支箭射向高空，
落在何处，无从知晓。
它飞得如此之快，
让视线无从追及。
我向高空哼了一支歌，
它消失于地面，不知去向。
谁的目光如此犀利，
能追及歌声的飞扬。
很久很久之后，在一棵橡树上，我找到了那支箭，依然完好。
而那支箭，从头到尾，
我发现它深印于友人心中。
2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：文学艺术类
文学艺术类1、Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera. It came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes(戏班) came to Beijing. Its music and singing come from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. Its costumes are all fascinating and artistic. It is the highest expression of the Chinese culture. It’s full of famous stories, beautiful facial paintings, and wonderful gestures and fighting. This kind of opera is very popular with Chinese people.There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng is the leading male actor. For example, a Wusheng is a soldier or fighter. A Xiaosheng is a young man. A Laosheng is an old man. Dan is the female role. Jing, mostly male, is the face-painted role and Chou is the comedy actor or clown.Stories in Beijing Opera are very interesting. Some of them are from the history book, but most of them are from the literature, especially famous novels. The people in the story usually have some disagreements. They become angry and unhappy. They are sad and lonely. Sometimes they are nervous and worried. Then they find a way to make peace. The stories usually end with happiness and laughter and people are all happy in the end.1.The second paragraph of the reading is about the _________ of Beijing Opera.A.storiesB.rolesC.gesturesD.paintings2.Which of the following is the role Sheng?A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Peking Opera is full of different gestures.B.There are only four roles in Beijing Opera.C.Beijing Opera is the most popular in the world.D.The people in the story usually are in agreement.4.What is best title of the passage?A.The history of the BeiJing OperaB.The roles of the BeiJing OperaC.The introduction of the BeiJing OperaD.The stories in the BeiJing Opera2、Have you come across much Western children’s literature?Most English speaking children grow up with the same delightful set of fictional(小说的)characters.The Winnie the Pooh stories involve a strange selections of animals such as akangaroo,a pig,a donkey,a tiger,an owl and a bear,who live together in a wood,leading fairy ordinary life.Far more exciting and dangerous events take place in The Wind in the Willows,the story of the foolish Mr Toad and all his adventures.Talking animals is also the main characters in The Jungle Book and the Just So Stories.In the latter we find lots of imaginative explanations as to why the world is like what it is.Far more laughter comes from Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate F actory.Whillie Wonka is the perfect adult in the eyes of children with all his clever ideas and endless supply of sweets.Also much loved is Bilbo Baggins,the funny little rabbit,who ends up having adventures with wolves and dragons.Of course,the stories go on in the much more serious The Lord of the Rings,better read a few years later.A new star in the world of magic and children’s fiction is Harry Potter,the schoolboy who learns spells rather than maths.Adventure books remainpopular,too.Although well over a century old now,Treasure Island is still an enthralling story with young Jim Hawkins dealing with secret maps and pirates.Such books make childhood a time of wonder and imagination.1.Which of these is NOT mentioned as a character in The Winnie the Pooh stories?A.B.C.D.2.In which book would you expect to find the chapter “How the tiger got his stripes(纹)?”A.The Wind in the WillowsB.Treasure IslandC.Just So StoriesD.The Lord of the Rings3.The underlined word “enthralling” in Paragraph 4 means _________.A.interestingB.modernC.disappointingD.frightening3、We considered a list of the best American books-but we’d need a whole issue to do them justice. Here are five that help define the national character. Most from a century or so ago, they still entertain, teach, and inspire us.Moby-Dick by Herman MelvilleFirst published in 1851, the adventure stories of Captain Ahab and his monomaniacal(偏执的) pursuit of the white whale draw us into a universe full of fascinating characters and stories.The Education of Henry Adams by Henry AdamsAwarded the Pulitzer Prize in autobiography(自传) in1918, descended from one of America’s most famous political dynasties, Adams provides insight into his family, including his experience as a private secretary to his father, minister to England during the American Civil war.Leaves of Grass by Walt WhitmanWhen Whitman published Leaves of Grass in 1855, he wanted to define the American experience-singing of the new country in a new voice, reflecting the great changes in the American literary world that had taken place during his lifetime.Poems by Emily DickinsonAn enthusiastic poet whose works have had considerable influence on modern poetry, Dickinson’s frequent use of dashes, o ccasional capitalization(大写) of nouns, and unconventional metaphors(隐喻) have contributed to her reputation as one of the most inventive(创新的) poets of the 19th century American literature.The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth LongfellowFirst pub lished in 1855, this is Longfellow’s most popular and most recognized poem, the heroic life and death of a magic American Indian, sent by the Great Spirit to guide the nations in the ways of peace.1.Walt Whitman wrote Leaves of Grass in order to ______.A.praise America and show the great changes in the American literary worldB.reflect the great changes in America that had taken place during his lifetimeC.give Americans encouragement in a new voiceD.show his talent and heroic life to us2.The underlined word “considerable” probably means “______”A.satisfyingB.excitingC.inspiringD.great3.If you want to read a story about a magic American Indian, you can read ______.A.Moby-DickB.Leaves of GrassC.PoemsD.The Song of Hiawatha4.What’ s the purpose of the wirer writing this passage?A.To make an advertisement for a bookstore.B.To introduce several best American books to readers.C.To tell stories of several famous writers.D.To talk about some knowledge about literature.4、William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task infounding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’s death in 1939, W.H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:Earth, receive an honoured guest:William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry.1.Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?A.It filled Yeats’s childhood with laughter.B.It was sh ocked by Yeats’s choice.C.It was a typically wealthy family.D.It had an artistic atmosphere.2.According to the passage, what do we know about Yeats’s life?A.Yeats founded the first Irish theater.B.Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.C.Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.D.Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize.3.What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines?A.Envy.B.Sympathy.C.Emptiness.D.Admiration.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Yeats’s literary achievements.B.Yeats’s historical influence.C.Yeats’s artistic ambition.D.Yeats’s national honor.5 The end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The Season brings along with it strong winds and snow-an environme nt that’s never comfortable to be in.This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature. In Shakespeare’s King Lear(1606), the king has given away his kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold, suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings.The winter is bad enough for Lear, but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another Shakespeare play, As You Like It(1599),is fitting for this poor old man’s situation: “Blow, blow, thou winter wind, /Thou art not so unkind /As man’s ingratitude(忘恩负义)”. Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity(不人道). There aren’t many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings ,literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations.The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors.Dickens’ A Christmas Carol(1843)was the start of this, but Christmas is still a common, cheery element(元素) in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling’ s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone(1997)as they sit down for their festive meal :“Harry had never in all his life had “such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat, roast turkeys; mountains of roast and boiled potatoes; platters of chipolatas; tureens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce”.It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it.Although winter stil1 isn’t the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it’s safe to say that writers have ce rtainly “warmed up” since Shakespeare’s days.1.What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.To recommend some winter stories in literature.B.To explain what winter is like in literary works.C.To describe certain customs that are related to winter.D.To tell us why winter is described as unpleasant in literature.2.What can we learn from Shakespeare’s works?A.Shakespeare didn’t like winter for its bad weather.B.King Lear dies of cold one night during winter.C.Winter is a time to think about our family members.D.Winter is compared with the ugly side of humanity.3.The author mentions Charles Dickens in the article because_______.A.a lot of his works are relevant to winterB.he is the most popular author of winter’ storiesC.he started a new way of representing winterD.his works make people feel cheerful in winter4.The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone is used mainly to show_______.A.traditional Christmas food makes the winter cheeryB.Christmas is still a symbol of joy in modern storiesC.it’s a pleasure to read Christmas-related books in winterD.winter has become the happiest season in literary works6、Chinese people had never paid more attention to the annual Nobel literature award than they did when Mo Yan bec ame China’s first winner of the prize.The effect has not disappeared. Tourists continue to rush to Mo’s home village in Gaomi, Shangdong province, which has become a tourist site since the author was awarded Nobel Prize. Visiting the village is to walk into the world he created in Red Sorghum Clan, one of hisbest-known novels, adapted for the award-winning film Red Sorghum by famous director Zhang Yimou in 1987.About 210 hectares of red sorghum(高粱) is ready for harvesting, recalling this scene Mo wrote in the novel: "In the deep autumn of the eighth month under a high, clear sky, the land is covered by sorghum that forms a wild sea of blood. When the sun comes out, the surface of the sea shimmers(闪光), and heaven and Earth are painted with rich, wonderful colors."Locals have planted the sorghum for the coming film of the novel’s TV adaptation starring actress Zhou Xun, in similar style to 1987 when Zhang’s film was filmed. But while the sorghum fields disappeared after the film was made, this time they may remain.“We have signed long-term contracts to sell sorghum to wine producers,”said Zhang Xinfu, head of Xianjia village, Mo Yan’s hometown is in the area.“Dozens of wine producers came to discuss the sorghum business after Mo Yan won the prize,” said Zhang. Zhang said the wine producers promised to pay a satisfying price for the sorghum.1.What happened to Mo Yan’s home village after he won the Prize?A.Th e house of Mo’s at his home village was rebuilt for tourism.B.The local people at Mo’s home village welcomed the tourists.C.Many tourists rushed to Mo’s home village to show respect and interest.D.Mo’s home village remained what it used to be.2.The und erlined word “adapted” in paragraph2 probably means “___________”.A.settledB.designedC.re-organizedD.written3.Which season was it when the passage was written?A.Autumn.B.Winter.C.Spring.D.Unknown.4.According to the text, we can infer that the win e producer bought sorghum from Mo’s home village for__________.A.the fame of Mo Yan.B.good quality of the red sorghum itself.C.the lower priceD.the large amount of the red sorghum .7 Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of about 48,900 poems that were written by over 2,200 poets. But it didn’t co ver all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems; women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and children, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, likeJapanandVietnam.Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It’s a miracl e in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, and was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nation s in the world. Tang poetry wasn’t the only spiritual wealth created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion, handwriting and painting and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.1.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that_____________.A.there were more than 48,900 poems written in Tang DynastyB.in total there were four famous poets in the Tang DynastyC.only people in the Tang Dynasty created poemsD.in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets2.The underlined word “adjacent” in Paragraph 3 probably means_______________.A.neighboringB.strongC.poorD.rich3.What does the author really want to tell us in Paragraph 3?A.In the Tang Dynasty all scholars were poets.B.Tang Dynasty poems were quite popular.C.Many foreigners came to our country during the Tang Dynasty.D.In the Tang Dynasty many poems were sung by women singers.4.Which of the following is NOT mentio ned in the passage?A.Why the poets created poems.B.Some other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty.C.The significance and influence of the Tang Dynasty.D.The editors of Poems of the Tang Dynasty.8 England has been the birthplace of most of the great English-language theater written throughout history. Most of the plays in England that are truly famous have something in common. They usually come from a playwright(剧作家) with several famous plays.ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is considered the most famous British playwright. Shakespeare has a large catalog(目录) of tragedies, comedies and history plays, and each category is home to some of the most famous plays ever written. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Julius Caesar are all tragedies and performed in theaters around the world every year. Famous comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Much Ado About Nothing. In the history category, Richard Ⅲand Henry Ⅴare very famous.Oscar Wilde and George Bernard ShawSeveral hundred years after Shakespeare, English people began to enjoy the works of Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Wilde’s plays are still popular now, and The Importance of Being Earnest is both performed and studied extremely frequently. A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband are among his other famous works. Shaw and Wilde were born within a few years of each other, but Shaw was a much more productive writer. His most famous plays include Pygmalion and Candida. Shaw’s plays are loved so much that an entire theater company isdevoted to performing his work in Niagara-on-the-Lake in southern Ontario.Harold PinterThe plays of Harold Pinter certainly have an international presence. His writing was so widely recognized for its importance that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 2005. Pinter is especially known for his style of writing. Many of his plays such as Betrayal, The Dumb Waiter and his first play, The Room, are extremely well known.1.The writer wrote this passage to .A.advise us to spend more time enjoying playsB.explain why England has so many wonderful playsC.tell us about some famous British playwrights and their worksD.tell us the differences among some British playwrights2.What do the works in the underlined part in Paragraph 2 have in common?A.They are all Shakespeare's early works.B.They are all tragedies written by Shakespeare.C.They are all Shakespeare's famous comedies.D.They all belong to the history category of Shakespeare's plays.3.Which of the following plays were most probably written in the same period of time?A.The Dumb Waiter and A Woman of No Importance.B.Richard Ⅲand A Woman of No Importance.C.An Ideal Husband and Candida.D.Candida and Betrayal.4.Who was mentioned in this passage that he had received the Nobel Prize because of his writing?A.William Shakespeare.B.Oscar Wilde.C.George Bernard Shaw.D.Harold Pinter.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.C2答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A3答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B4答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.细节题。
henry wadsworth longfellow写作特点
henry wadsworth longfellow写作特点亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow）是19世纪美国著名的诗人，他的作品具有许多独特的特点，反映了当时的文学风格和社会背景。
以下是亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗写作的一些特点：1. 抒情主题：朗费罗的诗歌通常涉及抒情主题，表达对自然、人生和爱的深切感受。
他的作品中常常包含温馨的情感和对人类经验的共鸣。
2. 历史和文化的融合：朗费罗的一些作品融合了历史和文化元素，以叙述美国的历史、传说和传统。
例如，他的史诗诗歌《西雅图的歌》（"The Song of Hiawatha"）就融入了美洲原住民的传说。
3. 受欧洲文学影响：朗费罗在欧洲度过了一段时间，深受欧洲文学的影响，特别是德国浪漫主义。
这种影响在他的诗歌中表现为浪漫主义的情感、对自然的崇敬和对过去的怀旧。
4. 使用韵律和押韵：他的诗歌常常采用流畅的韵律和押韵，使作品更具音乐性。
这种音乐性使得朗费罗的诗歌适合朗读和演唱。
5. 教育性质：朗费罗的一些作品具有明显的教育性质，旨在传达道德、文化和历史的教训。
他的作品《保尔·杜卡》（"Paul Revere's Ride"）就是以历史事件为背景，向读者传达爱国主义和勇气的信息。
6. 对人道主义的关注：朗费罗的诗歌中表现出对人道主义的关切，强调人类共同体的价值和对他人的同情。
这种关注在他的一些社会和政治题材的作品中表现得尤为明显。
总体而言，亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗的写作风格具有感情丰富、文学传统深厚和对社会人文关怀的特点。
他的诗歌不仅在当时广受欢迎，而且对后来的美国文学产生了深远的影响。
朗费罗
The was the first American poet to gain a favorable international reputation. • He was given a private audience by Queen Victoria. • In the late 19th century, Longfellow was definitely the most popular American poet.
Works
• Voices of the Night (1839) <夜籁集> -- first collection • Evangeline (1847) <伊凡吉林> -- his narrative poem • The Song of Hiawatha (1855) <海华莎之歌> • Michael Angelo 〈迈克尔.安吉洛〉-- most conspicuous dramatic work • “A Psalm of Life” 人生礼赞 / 人生颂（P214） • “Excelsior” 向更高处攀登 • “The Village Blacksmith” 乡村铁匠 • “My Lost Youth” 我逝去的青春
• • • • • • • •
Tell me not in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal Dust thou art , to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul.
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The Story of the Poem
The Song presents a legend of Hiawatha and his lover Minnehaha in 22 chapters (and an Introduction). Hiawatha is not introduced until Chapter III. In Chapter I, Hiawatha's arrival is prophesied by a "mighty" peacebringing leader named Gitche Manito.
The folklorist Stith Thompson, although crediting Schoolcraft's research with being a "landmark," was quite critical of him: "Unfortunately, the scientific value of his work isn which he has reshaped the stories to fit his own literary taste."
Hiawatha and Minnehaha sculpture by Jacob Fjelde near Minnehaha Fallsin Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The Story of the Poem
Chapter II tells a legend of how the warrior Mudjekeewis became Father of the Four Winds by slaying the Great Bear of the mountains, Mishe-Mokwa. His son Wabun, the East Wind, falls in love with a maiden whom he turns into the Morning Star, Wabun-Annung. Wabun's brother, Kabibonokka, the North Wind, bringer of autumn and winter, attacks Shingebis, "the diver". Shingebis repels him by burning firewood, and then in a wrestling match. A third brother, Shawondasee, the South Wind, falls in love with a dandelion, mistaking it for a golden-haired maiden. Death of Minnehaha by William de Leftwich Dodge, 1885. In Chapter III, in "unremembered ages", a woman named Nokomis falls from the moon. Nokomis gives birth to Wenonah, who grows to be a beautiful young woman. Nokomis warns her not to be seduced by the West Wind (Mudjekeewis) but she does not heed her mother, becomes pregnant and bears Hiawatha. In the ensuing chapters, Hiawatha has childhood adventures, falls in love with Minnehaha, slays the evil magician Pearl-Feather, invents written language, discovers corn and other episodes. Minnehaha dies in a severe winter.
Remarks
Much of the scholarship on the Song of Hiawatha in the twentieth century, dating to the 1920s, has concentrated on its lack of fidelity to Ojibwe ethnography and literary genre rather than the poem as a literary work in its own right.
The Song of Hiawatha
By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
The Song of Hiawatha
Who is Hiawatha? The Story of the Poem Its Style Remarks
Hiawatha—A Hero!
There is a tradition prevalent among Hiawatha is the sixteenththe North century Iroquois chief who American Indians, of a co-founded the Iroquois personage of League. Longfellow took the miraculous birth, who name from works by was sent among them Schoolcraft, which he to clear their rivers, acknowledged as his main forests, and fishingsources. grounds, and to teach them the arts of peace. He was known among different tribes.
John Henry Bufford's cover for "The Death of Minnehaha, 1856.
The Story of the Poem
The poem closes with the approach of a birch canoe to Hiawatha's village, containing "the Priest of Prayer, the Pale-face." Hiawatha welcomes him joyously; and the "Black-Robe chief" brings word of Jesus Christ. Hiawatha and the chiefs accept the Christian message.
"Hiawatha's Friends", an illustration byFrederick Remington for the poem, 1889.
Its Style
The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem, in trochaic tetrameter, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, featuring a Native American hero.
Hiawatha is a fictional character in this poem. There is virtually no connection, apart from name, between Longfellow's hero and Hiawatha.
Minnehaha Feeding Birds, Frances Anne Hopkins, ca. 1880.
Hiawatha bids farewell to Nokomis, the warriors, and the young men, giving them this charge: "But my guests I leave behind me/ Listen to their words of wisdom,/ Listen to the truth they tell you." Having endorsed the Christian missionaries, he launches his canoe for the last time westward toward the sunset and departs forever.
Stellanova Osborn (and previously F. Broilo in German) tracked down "chapter and verse" for every detail Longfellow took from Schoolcraft. Others have identified words from native languages included in the poem.
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