高考英语主谓一致知识点专项训练解析附答案(3)
高考英语主谓一致知识点专项训练解析附答案(3)一、选择题1．Many a man______ come to help us.A．have B．hasC．is D．are2．We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity. A．that; being B．all that; beC．that all; are D．what; is3．On arriving home from the ancient city with a high level of civilization, the archaeologist unpacked his suitcase and was greatly amazed to see the silver-plated cup and saucer _____ still in _____ good shape.A．was; a B．were; a C．was; /D．were; /4．The fact that so many people still smoke in public places____ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A．suggest B．suggests C．suggested D．suggesting5．We admire Susan for her persistence, the only one of the young girls who __________ in the rock band for 3 years so far.A．played B．play C．have played D．has played6．It is reported that another new school ______ at present in the poor mountain area.A．are building B．is being built C．is building D．are being built 7．About _______ of the workers in that steel works _______ young people.A．third-fifths; are B．three-fifths; are C．three-fifths; is D．third-fifths; is 8．Between the two streets _______ a modem building where you can see many famous brands of clothes.A．have B．has C．stand D．stands9．E-mail as well as telephones ______ more and more popular in daily communication. A．have become B．become C．are becoming D．is becoming 10．One-fifth of the area ________ covered with trees. About seventy percent of the trees________ been planted recently.A．is; has B．are; have C．is; have D．are; has11．As is well known, our success in life depends on our determination to grasp opportunities that ________ to us.A．present B．are presenting C．are presented D．have presented 12．When and where we shall bulid a larger home for the aged ________ to be discussed by the local government.A．remains B．remain C．is remained D．are remaining 13．—With this New Year_______ new challenges.一Sure. Global economy remains uncertain, and many countries continue to struggle. A．comes B．will comeC．is coming D．come14．—Lydia, what did our head-teacher say just now?—Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who _____ to lead the group _____ asked to be at theschool gate before 6:30 in the morning.A．is; is B．are; are C．are; is D．is; are15．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city _________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．were16．Delete the short message at once! Many a man ______ by such tricks up to now.A．are cheated B．is cheatedC．have been cheated D．has been cheated17．Although there is more female participation in IT workforce,______ a significant imbalance of male and female senior positions.A．it remains B．there remainsC．there remaining D．that remains18．Charles is crazy about antiques and included in his closet _____ a collection of vases in various shapes and sizes.A．has B．is C．have D．are19．The father along with his children ______ solving word puzzles.A．are like B．is like C．like D．likes20．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．were21．Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of the great American novels,________ first published in the United States in 1885.A．was B．were C．has been D．had been22．We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________for their son’s bad performance at school.A．are to blame B．is to be blamedC．are to be blamed D．is to blame23．In our class of the students girls.A．third fifths; is B．third fifth; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifths; are 24．of the students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.A．Two fifths, is B．Second fifths, are C．Second fifths, is D．Two fifths, are 25．The dictionary as well as the grammar books that ________ bookmarks in them ________ Jane.A．has; belong to B．have; belongs toC．have; is belonged to D．has; are belonged to【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】本题解析略。
2．D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词性从句。
句意：我们相信你所投入的当然是非常必要的。
分析句子可知，believe 后接宾语从句，宾语从句中you have been devoted to缺少宾语，表示事物故用what；what you have been devoted to为主语，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，故D选项正确。
3．C解析：C【解析】【详解】考查冠词和主谓一致。
句意：从文明程度很高的古城回到家中，考古学家打开他的手提箱，惊奇地发现镀银的杯碟依然完好无损。
分析句子可知，第一个空在宾语从句中的be动词的主语是the silver-plated cup and saucer是指那一套镀金的茶杯及茶托，是一个整体，要用单数，而“in good shape”为固定搭配，意为“事物情况良好”，因此C项为正确。
4．B解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态。
专项训练主谓一致经典例题含答案解析
专项训练主谓一致经典例题含答案解析一、主谓一致1．If you ________ too much ice cream, you will feel sick.A．eats B．eat C．to eat D．eating【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：如果你吃太多的冰淇淋，你将感觉生病。
此处用连词if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时，因为主语是you，故谓语用动词eat, 故选B。
考点：考查主谓一致。
2．Not only his friends but also he ________ always interested in science fiction.A．show B．shows C．are D．is【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：不仅他的朋友，而且他总是对科幻小说感兴趣。
考查主谓一致。
not only…but also连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词的数由离其最近的主语来决定，即就近原则，所以此处要根据he来确定谓语动词的形式；因为后面是interested in，所以用be interested in“对…感兴趣”，所以谓语动词用is；故答案选D。
3．---I saw Tom's father bought lots of books yesterday.---That's not strange. Not only Tom but also his father _______reading.A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：——昨天我看见汤姆的爸爸买了许多书。
——那不奇怪，不仅汤姆而且他爸爸喜欢读书。
根据not only..but also… 不仅……而且……，连接句子的两个主语时，谓语动词就近原则，根据句意说明一种情况，用一般现在时态，根据his father单三，所以谓语动词用单数形式；故选B4．—What’s in the picture on the wall?—There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.A．has B．are C．is D．have【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意“-在墙上的照片里有什么？-一个老师和一些学生在操场上踢足球”。
高考英语日照主谓一致知识点专项训练及答案
高考英语日照主谓一致知识点专项训练及答案一、选择题1．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much________our health，but some people don’t care.A．is harm to B．does harmful toC．is harmful to D．do harm to2．At the foot of the hill ________ a big lake surrounded by trees.A．lays B．is laying C．lies D．is lying3．A saying goes_____ all work and no play___________ Jack a dull boy.A．that; makes B．which; makes C．that; make D．which; make 4．Wine is the world's favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where greattimes_________ with friends.A．are being shared B．is shared C．shares D．share5．In addition to John and Helen, their cousin ______ visit us next month.A．is coming toB．are coming toC．are toD．is likely6．Neither Mary nor her parents ________ of the exciting news, which surprises us a lot. A．has informed B．have informedC．has been informed D．have been informed7．A famous dancer and singer ________ invited to the party and it was a great success. A．was B．were C．is D．are8．E-mail as well as telephones ______ more and more popular in daily communication. A．have become B．become C．are becoming D．is becoming 9．Beneath the books _________ a photo, which showed the city had _________ huge changes. A．were; gone through B．was; gone throughC．was; got through D．were; got through10．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A．is B．were C．was D．are11．The dictionary as well as the grammar books that ________ bookmarks in them ________ Jane.A．has; belong to B．have; belongs toC．have; is belonged to D．has; are belonged to12．This is one of the best novels that____appeared this year.A．have been B．has C．had been D．have 13．Tom, as well as his friends who________ football, _________very popular among the students.A．likes; are B．likes; is C．like; is D．like; are14．Not only the students but also the teacher ______ against the plan in yesterday's meeting. A．is B．was C．are D．were15．We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ my grandparents and some relatives.A．which live B．that lives C．where live D．who lives 16．That they were wrong in these matters _____ now clear to us all.A．is B．was C．are D．were17．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city _________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．were 18．Although there is more female participation in IT workforce,______ a significant imbalance of male and female senior positions.A．it remains B．there remainsC．there remaining D．that remains19．Charles is crazy about antiques and included in his closet _____ a collection of vases in various shapes and sizes.A．has B．is C．have D．are20．When the sun’s rays hit the earth, a lot of heat ______________ back into spaceA．are reflected B．is reflectedC．reflects D．were reflected21．More than one passenger ________ injured in the air crash.A．were B．is C．are D．was22．At the station ______ a teacher and two students on their way to the city.A．were B．was C．is D．sits23．The secretary and the manager ____very busy now.A．is B．are C．was D．were24．of the students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.A．Two fifths, is B．Second fifths, are C．Second fifths, is D．Two fifths, are 25．I don't know when he back. Please tell me when he back.A．comes, comes B．comes, will come C．will come, comes【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．C解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。
【英语】英语主谓一致技巧 阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)含解析
【英语】英语主谓一致技巧阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)含解析一、主谓一致1．There a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.A．is B．are C．be【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意“在桌子上有一大碗饺子”。
there be句型遵循“就近一致”原则，即be动词与空后最近的主语保持一致。
根据空后a large bowl“一大碗”可知，用单数is，故选A。
2．It is reported that the population of China smaller in the past few months. The aging（老龄化） is a big problem. More parents are encouraged to give birth to more babies. A．became B．will become C．have become D．has become【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：据报道，中国人口在过去的几个月里已经变少了。
老龄化是一个大问题。
鼓励更多的父母生更多的孩子。
A. became变成，一般过去时态；B. will become 将变成，一般将来时；C. have become已经变成，现在完成时；D. has become已经变成，现在完成时，第三人称单数。
主语是the population，根据语境可知是现在完成时，其结构has done的形式。
根据句意，故选D。
3．—What kind of movies do you prefer?—I prefer the movies _________me something to think about.A．which give B．that gives C．which gives D．who gives【答案】A【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么类型的电影？——我更喜欢那些让我思考的电影。
专项训练主谓一致专题(含答案)含答案解析
专项训练主谓一致专题(含答案)含答案解析一、主谓一致1．（题文）In our school library there a number of books and the number of them growinglarger and larger.A．is; are B．has; isC．are; is D．have; are【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：在我们学校的图书馆里有许多书。
书籍的数目越来越大。
第一空上的动词与前面的there一起构成There be句型，主语books是复数，所以be动词要改为are。
第二空上的词与后面的growing一起构成现在进行时，而句子主语为the number of them，所以该用is，因此选C。
【考点定位】考查主谓一致。
2．Nowadays many new taxi apps（打车软件）_________ to help people travel around more easily.A．are used B．use C．used D．is used【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：现在很多新的打车软件被用来帮助人们更方便地旅行。
are used被用来；use使用；used过去式；is used被用来。
根据句意可知，主语many new taxi apps与动词构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数的，故应选A。
3．Neither they nor I __________ to go camping yesterday．A．am allowed B．are allowedC．was allowed D．were allowed【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：，昨天他们和我都不被允许去野营。
据yesterday句子要用一般过去时态；．Neither ... nor ...连接并列主语，谓语动词用就近原则，主语I 是allow的承受者，故句子要用被动语态。
高考英语语法总复习：主谓一致(附练习及答案)
一、专题引入（4 mins）在正式上课之前，我们先来句子纠错，看看你是否细心，是否还记得我们之前学过的知识。
1. Both boys has their own hobbies.2. The class is busy writing English passages.3. Neither you nor I are wrong.每个句子都有一个错误，错误点在于句子谓语动词的使用上，你能找出来吗？(校对答案：1. has- have 2. is – are 3. are – am 并请同学说明原因，考查这位同学是否掌握到位) 二、专题知识梳理（20 mins）知识点1：主谓一致三大考点知识点2：语法一致主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。
例句：Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。
Both girl are interested in listening to music. 两个女孩都对听音乐感兴趣。
1-5 A A B D D6-10 C C A C A【分析】同学需要特别注意的是语法一致，意义一致和就近原则知识点表格上的内容，需要熟记并运用。
五、学法提炼（2 mins）1、专题特点：主谓一致专题的知识点理解较易，但难点在于熟记表格中的每种情况，并能够熟练运用到做题当中去。
2、解题方法：分类熟记知识点表格。
3、分析事项：在考试中，主谓一致中的三个考点是混合出现的，同学必须熟练掌握三个考点各自的内容，以及熟记。
建议课后对知识点条目进行背诵。
一、专题引入（1 mins）上面我们复习了非谓语动词中语法一致的内容，接下来我们继续复习意义一致和就近原则的知识。
二、专题知识梳理（15 mins）知识点1：意义一致情况例句1. 有些集体名词既可以表示单数，又可以表示复数，这类集体名词作主语时，如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为若干个体来理解，则谓语动词用复数形式这些词有：family, class, crowd, team, group等【注意】people，police等名词一般做复数用1. Class 4 is on the third floor.2. Class 4 are studying in the classroom.3. The police are looking for the lost child.2. 主语是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式，谓语动词一般ongoing单数形式1. Gone with the wind is an interesting book.3. 表示“时间，重量，长度，价格”等的名词的复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1. Thirty minutes is enough for the work.4. 一些学科名词以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics等，都属于形式上是复数名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式1. Some teachers says that physics is difficult for students to study.5. “the+形容词”表类别、一类人或物，当它表示一类人 1. The rich are not always happy.1-5 A C D B D6-10 C C A C A【分析】同学需要特别注意的是语法一致，意义一致和就近原则知识点表格上的内容，需要熟记并运用。
高考英语新主谓一致知识点易错题汇编及答案解析(3)
11．Beneath the books _________ a photo, which showed the city had _________ huge changes.
A．were; gone throughB．was; gone through
C．was; got throughD．were; got through
C．has been informedD．have been informed
6．Peter rather than Igoing to gocamping this winter vocation.
A．amB．isC．areD．will be
7．John is one of the best writers who ______ published a lot of books.
C．is being washed awayD．are being washed away
22．We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________for their son’s bad performance at school.
A．are to blameB．is to be blamed
24．The number of teenagers who commit crimes _________ 20% over the past years.
A．have been reduced byB．has been reduced by
C．have been reduced toD．has been reduced to
5．D
解析：D
高考英语主谓一致知识点解析含答案(3)
高考英语主谓一致知识点解析含答案(3)一、选择题1．A large quantity of water _________ polluted in the past twenty years across China.A．is B．are C．has been D．have been2．A saying goes_____ all work and no play___________ Jack a dull boy.A．that; makes B．which; makes C．that; make D．which; make 3．When and where we shall bulid a larger home for the aged ________ to be discussed by the local government.A．remains B．remain C．is remained D．are remaining 4．Susan, as well as her friends, ______ a warm welcome when they arrived yesterday.A．is given B．are given C．were given D．was given 5．The father,along with his four children,_____hangzhou.When they will be back_____fixed. A．have gone to;isn’t B．had gone to;is not C．went to;aren’t D．has gone to;has not been6．We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity. A．that; being B．all that; beC．that all; are D．what; is7．John is one of the best writers who ______ published a lot of books.A．has B．have C．have been D．are8．We admire Susan for her persistence, the only one of the young girls who __________ in the rock band for 3 years so far.A．played B．play C．have played D．has played9．A famous dancer and singer ________ invited to the party and it was a great success. A．was B．were C．is D．are10．E-mail as well as telephones ______ more and more popular in daily communication. A．have become B．become C．are becoming D．is becoming 11．A great number of small power stations _____ up in their province since 1960.A．are set B．have set C．have been set D．will have been set 12．This is one of the best novels that____appeared this year.A．have been B．has C．had been D．have13．Along with enthusiasm for composing music ______ his devotion to cultivating young people passionate about music.A．come B．comes C．coming D．to come 14．With rural ecosystem improving, the number of tourists to villages ________ year by year. A．have increased B．increases C．is increasing D．are increasing 15．John as well as the other children who ______ no parents ______ good care of in the centre at present.A．has; is taken B．have; are taken C．have; is taken D．has; are taken 16．The writer and poet________ to give us a speech on English study next week.A．are B．is C．was D．will be 17．Delete the short message at once! Many a man ______ by such tricks up to now.A．are cheated B．is cheatedC．have been cheated D．has been cheated18．The father along with his children ______ solving word puzzles.A．are like B．is like C．like D．likes19．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．were20．Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of the great American novels,________ first published in the United States in 1885.A．was B．were C．has been D．had been21．The explorer along with several colleagues ______ to the annual ceremony to talk about their experience.A．invites B．invited C．was invited D．were invited 22．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good land ______ each year.A．is washing away B．are washing awayC．is being washed away D．are being washed away23．We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________for their son’s bad performance at school.A．are to blame B．is to be blamedC．are to be blamed D．is to blame24．The number of people, who have access to their own cars, ______ sharply in the past decade. A．rose B．is rising C．have risen D．has risen25．No one in the department but Tom and I ______ that the director is going to resign. A．have known B．knowC．knows D．am to know【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．C解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。
高考英语主谓一致知识点
高考英语主谓一致知识点除了知识和学问之外，世上没有其他任何力量能在人们的精神和心灵中，在人的思想、想象、见解和信仰中建立起统治和权威。
下面小编给大家分享一些高考英语主谓一致知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
高考英语新主谓一致知识点真题汇编附答案解析
高考英语新主谓一致知识点真题汇编附答案解析一、选择题1．Delete the short message at once! Many a man ______ by such tricks up to now.A．are cheated B．is cheatedC．have been cheated D．has been cheated2．Wine is the world's favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where greattimes_________ with friends.A．are being shared B．is shared C．shares D．share3．When and where we shall bulid a larger home for the aged ________ to be discussed by the local government.A．remains B．remain C．is remained D．are remaining 4．Peter rather than I going to go camping this winter vocation.A．am B．is C．are D．will be5．A great number of small power stations _____ up in their province since 1960.A．are set B．have set C．have been set D．will have been set 6．No one in the department but Tom and I ______ that the director is going to resign. A．have known B．knowC．knows D．am to know7．Nowadays the growth of food delivery apps in China ______ the country with takeout containers and plasticA．have drowned B．has been drowned C．is drowning D．are drowned 8．A large quantity of water _________ polluted in the past twenty years across China.A．is B．are C．has been D．have been 9．Regular exercise along with proper diets____our health in the long term.A．benefits B．has benefited C．benefit D．have benefited 10．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much________our health，but some people don’t care.A．is harm to B．does harmful toC．is harmful to D．do harm to11．We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _____ my grandparents and some relatives.A．which live B．that lives C．where live D．who lives12．It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area.A．are being built B．were being builtC．was being built D．is being built13．Once environment damage ________, it takes many years for the government to recover. A．has done B．is to do C．does D．is done 14．With rural ecosystem improving, the number of tourists to villages ________ year by year. A．have increased B．increases C．is increasing D．are increasing 15．Out to the finishing line…! And here !A．he dashes… comes our champion and heroB．dashes he… our champion and hero comeC．he dashes… come our champion and heroD．dashes he… comes our champion and hero16．The father along with his children ______ solving word puzzles.A．are like B．is like C．like D．likes17．It is estimated that living expenses for international students in the university ________ around $9,000 a year, which ________ a heavy burden for some of them.A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is18．More than one passenger ________ injured in the air crash.A．were B．is C．are D．was19．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．were20．At the station ______ a teacher and two students on their way to the city.A．were B．was C．is D．sits21．Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, one of the great American novels,________ first published in the United States in 1885.A．was B．were C．has been D．had been22．The explorer along with several colleagues ______ to the annual ceremony to talk about their experience.A．invites B．invited C．was invited D．were invited 23．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good land ______ each year.A．is washing away B．are washing awayC．is being washed away D．are being washed away24．A lot of new wooden furniture, as well as some latest household appliances, ________ by the Smiths for their new house a week ago.A．has been bought B．have been boughtC．was bought D．were bought25．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city _________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A．is B．are C．was D．were【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查现在完成时态的被动语态和主谓一致。
(完整版)高考英语专题复习主谓一致(附答案)
高考英语专题复习主谓一致（附答案）I.考点剖析一、概括主谓一致是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、性、数等方面的一致关系。
办理主谓一致一般应按照以下三条原则：1.语法一致，即在语法形式上获得一致。
比如，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也为单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采纳复数形式。
a. The number of errors was surprising.b. Julia and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2.意义一致，即从意义着眼办理一致关系。
a. The crowd were fighting for their lives. (单形名词主语要求复数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个整体中的成员 )b. Five minutes is enough. ( 复数名词单数谓语动词，下划线部分表示一个数目)3.周边原则，即指谓语动词的形式与周边的名词一致。
a. A man of abilities are needed（.动词 are 不与主语 a man一致，而与其周边的复形名词a bilities 形式上一致。
二、主谓一致注意重点：1.当名词词组中心词为表示胸怀、时间等复数名词时，常常可依据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采纳单数形式。
a. The dollars is not enough.b. Three months passes in no time at all on the ranch.假如显然地指一个个个体，则要依据语法一致地原则，谓语动词用复数形式。
a. There are two sliver dollars in each of the stockings.2.假如名词词组中心词是 all, most, half, the last, the rest, the remainder等词组时，其主谓关系一般按照意义一致的原则：如所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；如所指为单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。