2018届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末考试(一模)英语试题及答案
2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷（1.16）（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上。
）第I卷（共 103分）I. ListeningSection A Short conversations (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and office worker.D. Travel agent and customer.3. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four4. A. Reading newspapers. B. Writing up local news.C. Talking about sports.D. Putting up advertisement.5. A. He rescued a baby from a fire. B. He behaved bravely in a fire.C. He ran the fastest in a race.D. He jumped from a carriage which was on fire.6. A. Take a break. B. Go to work.C. Do the other problem.D. Keep trying.7. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the job.C. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.D. He wants to spend more time with his family.8. A. Thirty yuan. B.Thirty-five yuan.C. Forty yuan.D. Forty-five yuan.9. A. He wants to get a new position. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D. He enjoys letter writing.10. A. He probably won’t listen to the man’s advice.B. He has made a good decision.C. He has done the thing.D. He will follow the man’s advice.Section B Passages (12分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Photos as clues to the past. B. Fashionable families in recent history.C. Photographers of the past.D. Details of photography from the past.12. A. Their shoes. B. Some money. C. Their relatives’ hands. D. Theirplaythings.13. A. The location of the house.B. The social and economic position of the family.C. The types of games children played.D. The profession of the owner of the house.14. A. Its meat as a source of food. B. The wide classification of penguins.C. The penguin’s successful career.D. Penguin’s life in groups.15. A. The king penguin. B. The emperor penguin.C. The bare-footed penguin.D. Theblack-footed penguin.16. A. The penguin may become extinct soon.B. The poisonous chemicals influence the penguins’life.C. The chemicals have poisoned many penguins to death.D. The penguin population will drop greatly.Section C Longer conversations (8分)Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the followingBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary.Section A (16分)Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Are you a bookworm?Do you love to read? Your teachers probably tell you how important reading is all the time. And guess what? They’re right! Reading helps you in many ways beyond just (25)_________(be) able to read and get good grades in tests. Being an eager reader helps you become a good speller and writer. In fact, the more you read, the better you’ll do in all your subjects.Do you have friends who always have books in their hands? We bet they are caught (26)_________ (read)almost all the time. Sometimes those people who love reading and even collecting books are called bookworms. Is it really (27)__________ they look like earthworms? No! So where did that nickname come from?The term “bookworm” (28)_____________ (use) since the 1500s. Way back then, libraries did not have the modern air conditioning systems (29)____________(control) the environment (30) ____________ (surround) the books. As a result, some old libraries became musty and attracted various pests, some of which then took the form of insects and worms loving to eat paper and stay inside of books, (31)_________________ they would spend their entire lives. It was just natural to transfer the “bookworm”idea to humans who loved to consume books as much as these pests did.So if you see a trip to the library (32)_____________ an adventure and can’t wait to read a new book, you’re probably a bookworm. And that’s OK! You are not alone and there are millions and even billions of us in the world.Keys: 25. being 26.reading 27.because 28.has been used29.to control 30.surrounding 31.where 32.as Analyses:本篇文章讲述了“书虫”本身的含义以及之后指代书籍爱好者的由来。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018届奉贤区高考英语一模
2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. he will explain to the woman what happened.D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile. D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. successful college students are usually intelligent.D. a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none.16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21)______ would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22)______ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______ they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24)______ (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25)______ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26)______ (educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27)______ similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28)______ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools (29)______ ______ almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______ had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul – so perhaps life is fair after all.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings __38__ the ir direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be __39__ to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and __40__ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) __41__ between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in __42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Somet imes a reduced ability to __43__ one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that __44__ attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking __45__, very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual __46__ to the drugs. __47__, some research has found that while stimulants can __48__ test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more __49__ to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be __50__ to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is __51__ in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by __52__ once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors __53__ that their study findings don’t give people __54__ to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）.” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to __55__. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturb D. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improve D. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. ideal D. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. natural D. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. function D. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottom D. AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ______.A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. it could land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means ______.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ______ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms a t the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEW AREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that ______.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT ______.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The b iggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitioncoming.__70__ Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV. Summary WritingA Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome theeconomic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V. Tranalation72. 这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2018年上海市奉贤区中考一模(上学期期末)英语试题
.2018年上海市奉贤区中考英语一模试卷Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）1.Which of the following word matches the sound[θru：]？A. thoughB. throughC. thoughtD. thorough2.Alisa is such_______ honest student that she is often praised by her teachers．A a B. an C. the D. /3.The lift in our building suddenly broke down and we got trapped_______floors．A. inB. onC. betweenD. among4.The high﹣speed rail train"FuXing"can run at a speed of over _______kilometers an hour．A. three hundredB. three hundredsC. three hundred ofD. three hundreds of5.﹣﹣How soon will you leave？﹣﹣I'm not sure，probably in______ten minutes．A. OtherB. othersC. anotherD. the other6.The doctor gave me some useful ______on how to improve my physical health．A. suggestionB. messageC. medicineD. advice7.Please practice playing the violin regularly，______you will improve your skills．A. andB. orC. butD. so8.The music my cousin has just played sounds really______．I enjoyed every minute of it．A. beautifullyB. wellC. wonderfulD. gently9.After so many experiments，Susan was finally awarded_____ scientist of the year．A. creativeB. more creativeC. most creativeD. the most creative10.Angela needs to download"Translating App"when she visits Spain．She_____ speak asingle Spanish word．A. mustn'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. shouldn't11.﹣﹣﹣_____do you usually visit your grandparents？﹣﹣﹣We used to visit them once a month．But now we go to see them twice a month．A. How farB. How longC. How oftenD. How soon12.Joan can't join us．She _____ for the lesson she will have next week．A. preparesB. will prepareC. is preparingD. prepared13.I didn't pick up Lucy at the airport. she _ by the time I arrived.A. has leftB. will leaveC. leftD. had left14.A lot of new houses _____ in this large open area in the past five years.A. are builtB. have been builtC. were built ....D. will be built15.﹣﹣﹣Would you like to go to the cinema with us tonight？﹣﹣﹣Thank you，but I would rather____at home and watch the Realty Show on TV．A. stayB. to stayC. stayingD. stayed16.Many young people spend much of their spare time____online．A. chatB. to chatC. chattingD. chatted17.____important memory it is!We cannot work well without it．A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an18.Could you please tell me _________？A. how can I get to the supermarketB. how could I get to the supermarketC. how I can get to the supermarketD. how I could get to the supermarket19.﹣﹣﹣I was ill and missed many classes．I don't know how to keep up with my classmates．﹣﹣﹣_________________________．A. Don't worry．I'll help youB. That's all rightC. I don't feel like itD. I'm afraid I have no time20.﹣﹣﹣I'm terribly sorry that I laughed at you this afternoon．﹣﹣﹣_______，but please don't make fun of others next time．A. All rightB. No problemC. Never mindD. With pleasureComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once （将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）.It is said that the eyes are the windows to our soul．However，to have healthy eyes，you have to look after them properly．Your eyes need___21___attention．First，you have to pay more attention to your___22___．Have more fresh fruits，vegetables，fish，eggs and milk．Ifs good for your eyes．Besides，a regular amount of Vitamins A and B2should also be taken．Second，you must have a___23___and sound sleep．It relaxes the eye muscles and gives them the rest required．Sleep can help the body to___24___ its tired tissues（组织）．Usually，you must sleep for at least seven to eight hours every day．Loss of sleep can give you dark circles under the eyes．Next，it's necessary for you to___25___your eyes every day．Blink your eyes at regular periods to make the eyeballs watery，and give them a good wash．Last，you should use your eyes correctly．For example，if a small thing goes into your eye，don't start rubbing it．Rubbing is___26___ to your eyes．Don't read or write in poor or bright sunlight because sunlight can cause eye.tiredness．Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sunshine from shining___27___into your eyes．Too much reading，writing，watching television or___28___ the computer can also cause eye tiredness，so a good rest is required．Take care of God's most beautiful gift!Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）29. My workmate won first prize in the City Half Marathon when he was in his_____．（fifty）30. The school uniforms in their school are usually designed by students_____.（they）31. We should make full use of science and technology to enjoy a_____life.（colour）32To improve your writing skills，you'd better_____a habit of reading．（development）33. Airships use much_____fuel than planes，so they are better for the environment.（little）34. His homework was_____done so there were few mistakes in it．（careful ）35. She is a woman with a strong_____．Once she has made a decision，no one can change her mind.（person）36. He has_____for his carelessness several times，but she still seems unhappy.（apology）Rewrite the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子．每空格限填一词）37. Shanghai Disney Resort welcomed over a million tourists last year．（改为一般疑问句）_____Shanghai Disney Resort_____over a million tourists last year？38. Frame sizes are varied to make the strip more interesting．（对划线部分提问）__________frame sizes varied？39. Her youngest son knows nothing about his hometown．（改为反义疑问问）Her youngest son knows nothing about his hometown，_____？40. You can buy train tickets from the station．You can also buy them on the Internet．（合并一句）You can buy train tickets_____from the stationon_____ the Internet．41. The maths problem was too difficult for anybody to work out．（保持句意基本不变）The maths problem was_____difficult that_____could work it out．42. Mary wrote a letter in English to her pen﹣pal in the US•（改成被动语态）A letter_____in English to her pen﹣pal in the US by Mary．43. green consumers，let's，and，a better life，enjoy，on the Earth，be，（连词成句）_____．阅读理解I teach economics in a university three times per week．Last Monday，at the beginning of class，I asked my students how their weekend had been．One young man said that his weekend had not been so good．He had his wisdom teeth removed．Then he went on to ask me why I always seemed to be so cheerful．His question reminded me of something I'd read somewhere before：Every morning when you get up，you have a choice about how you want to live that day．I said，"I choose to be cheerful．，"Let me give you an example，"I continued．"Besides teaching here，I also teach at a college in Henderson，17miles down the freeway from where I live．One day a few weeks ago，I exited the freeway and turned onto College Drive．I only had to drive another quarter mile down the road to the college．But just then my car died．I tried to start it again，but the engine wouldn't work．So I put my flashes on，took my books，and walked down the road to the college．As soon as I got there，I called AAA （汽车协会）and asked for a tow truck to meet me at my car after class．The secretary there asked me what had happened．"This is my lucky day，"I replied，smiling．"Your car breaks down and today is your lucky day？What do you mean？""My car could have broken down anywhere along the freeway．It didn't，"I replied．"Instead，it broke down at the perfect place：off the freeway，within walking distance of here．I'm still able to teach my class，and I've been able to ask for the tow truck to meet me after class!If my car was meant to break down today，it couldn't have been arranged in a more convenient way．"I ended my story．In spite of （尽管）the early hour，no one in my class seemed to be asleep．Somehow，my story had touched them．44. The writer of this story is a．A. traffic policemanB. university teacherC. secretary at AAAD. a professional writer45. In the young man's eyes，the writer was．A. a happy personB. a lucky manC. a rich manD. a good driver.46. The writer when his car broke down that day．A. complained for a long timeB called AAA for help at onceC. waited there for someone's helpD. walked to his workplace47The secretary must have felt when she heard the writer said"This is my lucky day．A. pleasedB. surprisedC. disappointedD. excited48. The writer meant by saying"This is my lucky day．''A. he was just a little bit late for work that dayB. there were no big problems with his carC. everything still went well although his car diedD. it was great that his car died49. We can learn from the story that．A. it's important to keep your car in good conditionB. we should learn to be positive in times of troubleC. teachers need special skills to give good lessonsD. personal experiences can touch a person's heart．How do you get on with your teachers？Every day，we spend hours with our teachers at school．We learn from them and they teach us to be good people．The relationship between students and teachers is very important．Teachers care about our studies and lives，and it seems they know everything about the___50___ they teach．They also have the right to decide___51___ should be the class leader or represent the class to take part in the activities．So many students want to be the teachers*pets．We show teachers great respect．In class，we obey the rules and keep quiet if the teacher doesn't ask us to speak．We___52___ have opinions．different from our teachers'．When they make a mistake，we are afraid to point it out．Some of usdon't want to contact teachers after class because we don'twant to bother them．At American schools，the situation is a little different．Teachers and students are more likefriends．Calling a teacher by his or her name is common．In class，Students___53___ their opinions freely and challenge teachers whenthey don't agree．If it___54___that a teacher made a mistake，theteacher will say"___55___''in front of the whole class．Students andteachers also communicate through email，Facebook or Twitter afterclass．They chat about studies and life experiences．Teachers are like our parents and our friends．So we shouldrespect our teachers．50. A. studies B. subjects C. stories D. suggestions51. A. what B. which C. who D. how52. A. often B. sometimes C. almost D. hardly53. A. express B. explain C. expect D. excuse54. A. takes out B. turns out C. comes out D. puts out55. A. OK B. thanks C. sorry D. yes．Have you ever eaten at a restaurant that seizes Western food？If so，do you remember what the menu looked like？Western restaurant menus are quite different from Chinese restaurant menus．But how are they different？Most Western restaurant menus do not have as many p ___56___as Chinese ones do．In some fancy Western restaurants，the menus might not have any pictures at all．But most Western menus show a list of ingredients for each dish．If you order a burger，the menu might tell you that the burger has cheese，ketchup and mustard（芥末）．The menu can also tell you how the food is cooked﹣﹣﹣for example，w___57___it is fried or steamed．Western restaurants use many different methods to design their menus and make them more a___58___．In fact，there is a whole industry called "menu engineering"，according to theBBC．Menu engineers are experts at designing menus．Their menus can i___59___sales and influence customers' thoughts．A well﹣designed menu can encourage customers to eat certain dishes．It can e___60___make them believe that your restaurant's food is of higher quality，thought they might haven't eaten the food．For example，using descriptive （描述性的）words s___61___"juicy "or" cheesy" can help dishes sell better．Instead of just writing "steak" in their menu，a restaurant might write "sizzling steak"．This makes the steak sound more delicious．Also，it is k___62___that people pay the most attention to items placed at the top of a page．This is the best place for dishes that you want to promote．As you can see，menus are not just simple lists of food!Answer the questions （根据以下内容回答问题）When taking an elevator，do you often push the"Close"button？You hope by pushing it，the elevator door will close faster．But what if the button is actually fake（假的）？Karen Penafiel is the executive director（执行董事）of the US'NationalElevator Industry．She said that elevators'"close"buttons are a complete trick，at least in the US，and that doors will not close any faster despite how hard you push．In the 1990s the Americans with Disabilities Act （《美国残疾人法案》）was passed in the US．It means all elevators have to stay open long enough to allow disabled people to enter．Only US firefighters and elevator workers can really use the buttons with special keys．But the buttons aren't completely useless．According to psychologists（心、理学家），fake buttons can make you feel better．They give you a sense of control that can help reduce stress．That's why some other buttons in our lives are fake，too，For example，many offices in the US have fake thermostats（温控器）．People may feel better when they think they can control the temperature in their workspace．You were told that traffic light buttons could help make the traffic signals change faster．But they may not reallywork either．However，even when people know these little"white lies"，they still push fake buttons．As long as the doors finally close，it seems worthy，John Kounios is a psychology professor at Drexel University in the US．He told The New York Times that he always pushes the traffic light buttons．"After all，I've got nothing else to do while waiting．So why not push the button on the off chance that this one will work？"63. The"close"buttons of the elevators in the US don't really work，do they？_____64. What do people hope when they push the"close"button in an elevator？_____65. Who can really use the"close"buttons of elevators in the US according to the passage？_____66. Why do the fake buttons make people feel better？_____67. What other examples does the passage show that fake buttons aren't completely useless？_____68. Will you push the fake buttons next time when you take the elevator or wait at the traffic lights？Why or why not？_____．Writing （作文）69.Write at least 60words on the topic"Imagine 2020"（以"畅想2020 年"为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）未来已来，请发挥你的想象力，畅想2020年你的生活中会有哪些令人欣喜的变化．（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名．校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分．）The following is for reference only （以下表达仅供参考）enjoybe more convenientnot…any longer．。
2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模试卷和答案
2017 学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I.Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30. D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B.The woman should not be angry with the friends.C.he will explain to the woman what happened.D.he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile. D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B.highly motivated students usually do well in college.C.successful college students are usually intelligent.D.a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms. D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B.because he earned a law degree in a night school.C.because they had formed a good opinion of him.D.because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B.an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C.the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D.something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.K. appliedJ. mask I. absolutely H. partnership G. unloved E. comparison D. extreme C. eventually B. movements A. impressiveF. reverse 15. A. all of them.B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none. 16. A. children over twelve years old.B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21) would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22) (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23) they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24) (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25) (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26) (educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27) similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28) from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools (29) almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30) had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul – so perhaps life is fair after all.Section BThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most 33 insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ 34 in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s le ader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings 38 their direction at the end of each half-stroke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40 how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III.Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) 41 between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in 42 executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Sometimes a reduced ability to 43 one’s attention can have posit ive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that 44 attention and focus, in particular, stimulants （兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking 45 , very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual 46 to the drugs. 47 , some research has found that while stimulants can48 test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more 49 to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be 50 to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is 51 in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by 52 once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors 53 that their study findings don’t give people 54 to get drunk to “inspire the muse（冥想）.” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Societ y’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to 55 . There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connection D. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintaining D. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturb D. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositions D. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improve D. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. ideal D. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. responded D. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. natural D. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addiction D. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. function D. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciation D. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottom D. AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you somet hing.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything li ke this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A.The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B.The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C.The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D.The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57.The woman cried when she got the card, probably because .A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. it could land her husband a job58.The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 probably means .A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59.From the article, we can tell that the author is a person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confidentVISIT(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60.It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that .A.the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB.those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC.those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD.the price includes the breakfast for seven people61.What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A.Avoid wearing wet suits.B.Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C.Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D.Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62.Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT .A.a perfect view of sea lionsB.a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC.a seafood feast in the popular local communityD.sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applic ations, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63.Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64.What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65.What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B.To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C.To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D.To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB.Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC.Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD.Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.Section CA.Therefor, it would be advisable to remain thoughtful of how you conduct yourself and deal withothers around you.B.State out right that you ant to get along.C.In other words, do not allow yourself to take out your negative emotions on others around you.D.Getting along with someone, regardless of their passions, isn’t about being their best friend orsharing all their hobbies.E.You can only change how you interact with people, you can not change them.F.So it is better to listen to what the conversation is about before speaking.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. 67 It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. 68 Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. 69 If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, where a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.70 Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to wor k well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV.Summary WritingA Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome theeconomic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V.Tranalation72.这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。
奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末
奉贤区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷英语试题本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后，考生务必将答题卡交回。
注意事项：1．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
2．答题前考生务必将答题卡上的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔填写。
3．答题卡选择题必须用2B铅笔作答，将选中项涂满涂黑，黑度以盖住框内字母为准，修改时用橡皮擦除干净。
4．答题卡非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，未在对应的答题区域内作答或超出答题区域作答均不得分。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，共7．5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1．How often does the woman go to the gym?A．Several times a week．B．Twice a month．C．Once a week．2．Which one is Daisy's mother?3．What might be the relationship between the two speakers?A．Patient and doctor．B．Mother and son．C．Manager and secretary4．What is the man doing?A．Buying some furniture．B．Renting an apartment．C．Working on the house．5．How does the man feel?A．Nervous．B．Tired．C．Annoyed．第二节（共15小题；每题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2018届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题及答案
2018届上海市奉贤区高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题及答案2018学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷（1.16）（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上。
）第I卷（共 103分）I. ListeningSection A Short conversations (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a restaurant. B. At the theatre.C. In a meeting room.D. At the office.2. A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and office worker.D. Travel agent and customer.3. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four4. A. Reading newspapers. B. Writing up local news.C. Talking about sports.D. Putting up advertisement.5. A. He rescued a baby from a fire. B. He behaved bravely ina fire.C. He ran the fastest in a race.D. He jumped from a carriage which was on fire.6. A. Take a break. B. Go to work.C. Do the other problem.D. Keep trying.7. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He doesn’t think he is cap able of doing the job.C. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.D. He wants to spend more time with his family.8. A. Thirty yuan. B.Thirty-five yuan.C. Forty yuan.D. Forty-five yuan.9. A. He wants to get a new position. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D. He enjoys letter writing.10. A. He probably won’t listen to the man’s advice.B. He has made a good decision.C. He has done the thing.D. He will follow the man’s advice.Section B Passages (12分)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Photos as clues to the past. B. Fashionable families in recent history.C. Photographers of the past.D. Details of photography from the past.12. A. Their shoes. B. Some money. C. Their relatives’ hands.D. Theirplaythings.13. A. The location of the house.B. The social and economic position of the family.C. The types of games children played.D. The profession of the owner of the house.14. A. Its meat as a source of food. B. The wide classification of penguins.C. The penguin’s successful career.D. Penguin’s life in groups.15. A. The king penguin. B. The emperor penguin.C. The bare-footed penguin.D. The。
2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模说课材料
2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. interviewer and interviewee. B. teacher and student.C. doctor and nurse.D. boss and secretary.2. A. 9:00. B. 9:10. C. 9:30.D. 9:35.3. A. pass the journal. B. listen to the woman.C. repeat his request.D. take the journal himself.4. A. exciting. B. disappointing.C. interesting.D. satisfactory.5. A. to make a budget for her. B. to buy a gift for Mary.C. to give her mother information about Mary.D. to give some suggestions.6. A. he wants to finish his study. B. he wants to earn a lot of money.C. he wants to finish his study.D. he wants to have a good rest.7. A. The woman should not get involved in the situation.B. The woman should not be angry with the friends.C. he will explain to the woman what happened.D. he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A. good weather tomorrow. B. the vacation plan.C. getting up early in the morning.D. possible heavy traffic.9. A. interested. B. fascinated. C. hostile.D. reluctant.10. A. intelligence determines admission to college.B. highly motivated students usually do well in college.C. successful college students are usually intelligent.D. a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. two terms. B. three terms. C. four terms.D. five terms.12. A. because he had been a policeman.B. because he earned a law degree in a night school.C. because they had formed a good opinion of him.D. because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A. they want people in Los Angeles voted.B. an introduction about Thomas Bradley, major of Los Angeles.C. the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D. something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. he has more than fourteen pills a day. B. he has two pills a day.C. he has four times a day.D. he has nine pills a day.15. A. all of them. B. three kinds of medicine.C. two kinds of medicine.D. almost none.16. A. children over twelve years old. B. older people with a fever.C. old people with heart attack.D. adults with a cold. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B. she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C. she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D. she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A. because the new equipment is not available now.B. because the patient has made too many complains.C. because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D. because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A. a technician in the hospital lab. B. a doctor working in the hospital.C. a teacher working in the school.D. head of hospital administration.20. A. she will be likely to quit her job. B. she still feels at a loss as what to do.C. she will complain to the administration.D. she will fight to get her income back.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus, (21)______ would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a “grammar school”. Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools (22)______ (establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______ they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modern school had (24)______ (few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s “comprehensive schools” were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without (25)______ (take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way (26)______ (educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody (27)______ similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially (28)______ from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools (29)______ ______ almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______ had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul – so perhaps life is fair after all.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) __31__ creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in __32__ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most __33__ insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’ __34__ in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes d uring free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, __35__ wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can __36__ the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a __37__, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings __38__ their direction at the end of each half-str oke,” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be __39__ to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and __40__ how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity. But is there really a(n) __41__ between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration? A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity. The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in __42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems: “Sometimes a reduced ability to __43__ one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,” they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that __44__ attention and focus, in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）, would have the opposite effect on creative thinking__45__, very little research has been done on the issue, and what results exist so far have been mixed. The outcomes may well vary according to individual __46__ to the drugs.__47__, some research has found that while stimulants can __48__ test performance for those who are less intelligent, for the smartest folks, the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity, this may also explain why artists, writers and musicians appear to be more __49__ to have an addiction. Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be __50__ to drugs in the first place, as a possible source of inspiration. And then, if reduced executive function is __51__ in part for their initial talent, this, too, could make them more easily influenced by __52__ once they start using. Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness, addiction and art, the authors__53__ that their study findings don’t give people __54__ to get drunk to “inspire the muse （冥想）.” Co-author Jennifer Wiley, associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago, told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest: “We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to __55__. There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two, however, may occasionally help.41. A. attraction B. reservation C. connectionD. decoration42. A. strengthening B. damaging C. maintainingD. assessing43. A. block B. reduce C. disturbD. control44. A. remain B. drop C. shiftD. increase45. A. However B. Moreover C. InsteadD. Therefore46. A. additions B. responses C. oppositionsD. contrasts47. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a resultD. On the other hand48. A. conceal B. executive C. improveD. delete49. A. vital B. likely C. idealD. difficult50. A. attracted B. contributed C. respondedD. withdrawn51. A. responsible B. illegal C. naturalD. impossible52. A. confusion B. ambition C. addictionD. exhaustion53. A. lower B. monitor C. functionD. caution54. A. sacrifice B. privacy C. appreciationD. license55. A. priorities B. extremes C. bottomD. AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, shook her head and said: “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. Should I offer to pay for her groceries, ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I spotted the women returning her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said, “You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. Having never anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All I could think to say was, “Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A. The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B. The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C. The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D. The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57. The woman cried when she got the card, probably because ______.A. it greatly encouraged herB. she could use it to buy foodC. it could solve her present problemD. it could land her husband a job58. The underlined word “startled” in Paragraph 10 proba bly means ______.A. interestedB. gratefulC. ashamedD. astonished59. From the article, we can tell that the author is a ______ person.A. smartB. kind-heartedC. knowledgeableD. confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon. For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida, check out the Oregon coast and its 363 miles of gorgeous shoreline, stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California. Every beach is public and free. “The coast i s a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,” says Bramblett. July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season, but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the 200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse. Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats, Oregon. The working lighthouse, which dated to 1894, cast a bright beam 21 miles out to sea, making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast. The cliff-top rooms at the Light K eeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $ 385 for a weekend night during peak season (price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water (or wear a wet suit), you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast, even during the summer. But if you do, be prepared for the U.S. Lifesaving Association. Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea, then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore. BRINGBaby powder. Use a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands, feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture, allowing sand to fall off easily.60. It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that ______.A. the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB. those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC. those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD. the price includes the breakfast for seven people61. What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A. Avoid wearing wet suits.B. Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C. Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D. Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62. Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT ______.A. a perfect view of sea lionsB. a mariner like stay in the more than 100-year-old lighthouseC. a seafood feast in the popular local communityD. sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr. Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr. Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The b iggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problem.B. Expert crisis.C. High cost.D. Customer interactions.64. What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B. To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C. To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D. To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Data science: A forefront force in tech businessB. Corporate competition: An obstacle to the transitionC. Machine learning: A key to smart technologyD. Technique experts: A decisive factor of the coming era.There are a lot of different people in the world, but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings, and we enjoy being treated nicely. __67__ It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener. To start a conversation, it is important to listen first, especially when you are in a group. Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived. Examine the situation and the conversation, and then say whatever you think fit. It is better to say something valuable, rather than something meaningless. __68__ Don’t try to change people. It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else. Let other people live how they want to live. __69__ If you do not like how someone acts, you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile. A little laughter goes a long way, and a smile eases tensions, where a frown can create tensions. If someone teases you, try to laugh at it off. If someone is frowning, smile at them. Be mindful of your facial expression. If you are persistently and optimistic, people will cheer up when they are see you coming.__70__ Some people do not take hints. Some people do not read body language. For these people, it really works to just say, “I really want us to work well together. I will help you and back you up, and you help me and back me up.”IV. Summary WritingA Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.V. Tranalation72. 这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。
上海市奉贤区2018-2019高三上学期期末教学质量监控英语试题及参考答案
上海市奉贤区2018-2019高三上学期期末教学质量监控英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you e njoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most int eresting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlyWelcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been31 continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主) one after the other. Some were greatbuilders, strengthening the Castle against32 and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western33 to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the34 castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is35 used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most36 bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are37 decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It38 among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery39 the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen40 in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is41 .Social scientists are of course42 interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two43 schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between44 of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who45 the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are46 determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is47 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our48 .Supporter s of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, 49 , claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely 50 by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human b eing is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to51 stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are52 . In the US, forexample, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 53 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same54 that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite 55 that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectur es, at 2 pm, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stacking shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing u p in Croydon, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortuna tely, though I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’teligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to have more time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A.responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.(B)Should You Become a Full Stack Web Developer?Should you become a full stack web developer? What courses should you take to prepare you for the job? Our courses bring you a step-by-step path that will help you become a qualified candidate and teach you everything you need to k now to succeed. Read on to discover if it’s the right path for you:●What is a Full Stack Web Developer?A full stack web developer is well skilled in both front and back-end web developing. With knowledge of what it means to build applications from start to finish, a full stack developer can plan, manage, and build software with general know-how. A core difference between front and back-end developers is that front-end developers handle building the user interface aspect of a website, while back-end developers deal with internal tasks such as web servers, applications, and databases.Combined, they are responsible for building the technology and coding that makes a website function properly. Both skillsets are crucial for being a well-rounded web developer and will give you a leg up when applying for jobs. If you like to learn new concepts and technologies frequently this is an excellent career path for you.●Demand for Full Stack Web Developers is GrowingBecause of the broad range of skills required to be a full stack web developer, there are fewer candidates applying for positions, leaving more opportunity for qualified candidates. The job outlook for web developers is estimated to grow 13% by 2026, which is faster than the average rate for all occupations. With an impressive resume, full stack web developers can make $87,661 on average.●Get Started TodayWith the help of the course, you will learn everything you need to know to succeed as a full stack web developer. You can start from any level with little to no previous experience required and track your progress as you go.●Here’s What Y ou’ll Learn in the CoursesBuild web applications and develop on both the front-end and back-end stacksLearn Ruby on Rails, HTML, CSS, and JavaScriptDevelop web applications in Javascript using front-end framework, Angular, and hybrid mobile applications with Apache CordovaDesign RESTful Ruby on Rails web applications with MongoDB database integration.60. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably find this passage?A. Arts.B. Science-technology.C. Courses.D. Business.61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Front and back-end developers both are responsible for such tasks as applications and databases.B. Fewer candidates apply for the position of being web developers due to high demand for skills.C. The job prospect for web developers isn’t promising in the long run.D. You can’t start to learn the course of being a full stack web developer unless you have some experience beforehand.62. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To advertise for full stack web developers.B. To inform people of what is required to be a full stack web developer.C. To persuade people to take the courses which help to become a full stack web developer.D. To help people to explore the full stack web developer career guide.(C)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and the Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic(北欧的) world would recognize the works of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be.Prematurely gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. “The Wounded Warrior in the Snow”, a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Sc hjerfbeck painted “The Convalescent”. A child wrapped in a blanket sits supported up in a large wicker(柳条编制的) chair, toying with a sprig(小枝条). The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental(感伤的) and is made up for only by the somewhat astonished, sad expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the works of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother. “If I allow myself the freedom to live an isolated life”, she wrote, “then it is because it has to be that way.” In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeckbecame a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet sharp portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town.“I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, which have not yet been discovered by humans themselves”, she wrote, “where everything is still unconscious -- there one can make the greatest discoveries.” She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious -- her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success.63. Schjerfbeck’s paintings may come as a surprise to many because_______.A. her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic worldB. her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic worldC. her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen themD. her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts64. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.B. "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck’s sentimental childhood.C. "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck’s childhood.D. "The Convalescent" is featured by the child’s astonished, sorrowful expression.65. Schejerbeck chose to live an isolated life mainly because of _______.A. she was exhausted by her teaching jobB. her personality prefers this kind of styleC. she could not appreciate the work of the other local paintersD. her mother’s health condition required her to adopt such a life style.66. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjer fbeck’s paintings is_________.A. her vivid characterization of common peopleB. her capture of the characters’ soulC. the sorrowful expression of the charactersD. her unconscious sense of some mysterious elementsSection CDirections: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statementsThe quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.67 Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It's important for inner peace.68 If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. 69 They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience.Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone-five minutes of successful patience-you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.70 .IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆。
2018届奉贤区高考高三英语一模试卷和答案
2017学年奉贤区调研测试英语试卷I.Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A.interviewer and interviewee. B.teacher and student.C.doctor and nurse.D.boss and secretary.2. A.9:00. B.9:10. C.9:30. D.9:35.3. A.pass the journal. B.listen to the woman.C.repeat his request.D.take the journal himself.4. A.exciting. B.disappointing.C.interesting.D.satisfactory.5. A.to make a budget for her. B.to buy a gift for Mary.C.to give her mother information about Mary.D.to give some suggestions.6. A.he wants to finish his study. B.he wants to earn a lot of money.C.he wants to finish his study.D.he wants to have a good rest.7. A.The woman should not get involved in the situation.B.The woman should not be angry with the friends.C.he will explain to the woman what happened.D.he will talk to Sally and Mark soon.8. A.good weather tomorrow. B.the vacation plan.C.getting up early in the morning.D.possible heavy traffic.9. A.interested. B.fascinated. C.hostile. D.reluctant.10. A.intelligence determines admission to college.B.highly motivated students usually do well in college.C.successful college students are usually intelligent.D.a successful college motivates its students.Section BQuestions11through13are based on the following news.11. A.two terms. B.three terms. C.four terms. D.five terms.12. A.because he had been a policeman.B.because he earned a law degree in a night school.C.because they had formed a good opinion of him.D.because there was a large population of black people in Los Angeles.13. A.they want people in Los Angeles voted.B.an introduction about Thomas Bradley,major of Los Angeles.C.the reasons why white candidates failed in the vote.D.something Thomas Bradley did for the vote.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14. A.he has more than fourteen pills a day. B.he has two pills a day.C.he has four times a day.D.he has nine pills a day.15. A.all of them. B.three kinds of medicine.C.two kinds of medicine.D.almost none.16. A.children over twelve years old. B.older people with a fever.C.old people with heart attack.D.adults with a cold.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17. A.she has made an attempt to become pregnant.B.she has requested her supervisor to transfer her to another department.C.she has bought the new equipment for the laboratory.D.she has complained to the government about the issue.18. A.because the new equipment is not available now.B.because the patient has made too many complains.C.because the hospital wants to tighten its budget.D.because the new equipment carries a health risk.19. A.a technician in the hospital lab. B.a doctor working in the hospital.C.a teacher working in the school.D.head of hospital administration.20. A.she will be likely to quit her job. B.she still feels at a loss as what to do.C.she will complain to the administration.D.she will fight to get her income back.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADifferent background shouldn’t mean less education.Fifty years ago,in a primary school classroom, two boys aged11took an examination called the11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives.Paul passed and went to a“grammar school”.Baz failed the examination and went to a “secondary modern school”.They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish)hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families.They encouraged students to study(23)______they were18 and then to go to university.Secondary modern school students left at16,usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students.Baz says the secondary modern school had(24)______(few) resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed.In the1960s and the1970s“comprehensive schools”were created.Today,90 percent children aged11to16from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take)any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate)their children.Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______ similar opportunities in a fairer way.Another view,though,is that more intelligent children,especially (28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools.Now,the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)____________almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz?Aged60,they met again and compared(30)______had happened to them.After university,Paul qualified as a teacher.Baz went to work in a factory at16and later became an engineer.In fact,Baz had a much higher salary than Paul–so perhaps life is fair after all.Section BA.impressiveB.movementsC.eventuallyD.extremeparisonF.reverseG.unlovedH.partnershipI.absolutelyJ.maskK.appliedThere’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is“I need to get rid of this insect,immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n)__31__creature.A term of scientists from Oxford University in the UK,in__32__with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan,recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most__33__insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio,the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close.The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at1,000frames per second,meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’__34__in never-before-seen detail.However,it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size,__35__wing beat frequency,and the presence of large antennae and legs that can__36__the view of their wings,”Simon Walker of Oxford University,co-author of the study,wrote.Published in the journal Nature,the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around800times a second.As a__37__,house flies flap their wings about200times a second,and hummingbirds50times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College,the study’s leader,believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks,as the wings__38__their direction at the end of each half-stroke,”he wrote in the study.Hopefully,the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future.The findings could lead to better aircraft,or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be__39__to new developments in more human-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes,the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and__40__how to stop them from doing so,”Walker wrote.III.Reading ComprehensionSection AArtists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity.But is there really a(n)__41__between intoxication（醉酒）and inspiration?A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity.The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in__42__executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems:“Sometimes a reduced ability to__43__one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,”they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that__44__attention and focus,in particular, stimulants（兴奋剂）,would have the opposite effect on creative thinking__45__,very little research has been done on the issue,and what results exist so far have been mixed.The outcomes may well vary according to individual__46__to the drugs.__47__,some research has found that while stimulants can __48__test performance for those who are less intelligent,for the smartest folks,the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity,this may also explain why artists,writers and musicians appear to be more__49__to have an addiction.Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be__50__to drugs in the first place,as a possible source of inspiration.And then,if reduced executive function is__51__in part for their initial talent,this,too,could make them more easily influenced by__52__once they start using.Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness,addiction and art,the authors__53__that their study findings don’t give people__54__to get drunk to“inspire the muse（冥想）.”Co-author Jennifer Wiley,associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago,told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest:“We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to__55__.There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two,however,may occasionally help.41. A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration42. A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.assessing43. A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control44. A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase45. A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore46. A.additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts47. A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the other hand48. A.conceal B.executive C.improve D.delete49. A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult50. A.attracted B.contributed C.responded D.withdrawn51. A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible52. A.confusion B.ambition C.addiction D.exhaustion53. A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution54. A.sacrifice B.privacy C.appreciation D.license55. A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.AffectionSection B(A)I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in her60s.When it was her turn to pay,the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down,shook her head and said:“Not so good.My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again.The truth is,I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps（食品券）.My heart ached.I wanted to help but didn’t know how.Should I offer to pay for her groceries,ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot,I spotted the women returning her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse that I thought could help her.It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband,but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said,my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier.It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now.I’m so sorry.I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words,she began to cry.And through her tears,she said,“You have no idea how much this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.Having never anything like this before,I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive.All I could think to say was,“Oh.Would it be OK to give you a hug?”After we embraced,I walked back to my car--and began to cry,too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier,a colleague gave me a similar card as encouragement for a project I was working on.When I read the card,I felt a warm glow spread inside of me.Deeply touched,I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.56.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first three paragraphs?A.The woman’s family mainly depends on her son.B.The cashier helped the woman by giving her some food for free.C.The woman and her family were having a tough lime.D.The author wondered why the cashier was familiar with the woman.57.The woman cried when she got the card,probably because______.A.it greatly encouraged herB.she could use it to buy foodC.it could solve her present problemD.it could land her husband a job58.The underlined word“startled”in Paragraph10probably means______.A.interestedB.gratefulC.ashamedD.astonished59.From the article,we can tell that the author is a______person.A.smartB.kind-heartedC.knowledgeableD.confident(B)Seek Out a Unique BeachVISITOregon.For sun and fun away from the crowed beaches of Florida,check out the Oregon coast and its363miles of gorgeous shoreline,stretching from the Columbia River south to the redwood forests of California.Every beach is public and free.“The coast is a perfect place to watch sea lions sun themselves or simply see the mighty Pacific weaves crash in the sunset followed by a seafood feast in one of the busy fishing communities located between the coves（小海湾）,”says Bramblett.July and August aren’t peak gray whale migration season,but there’s still a good chance you could catch a glimpse of some of the200 whales that spend the summers off the Oregon coast.SLEEPNext to a lighthouse.Imagine yourself an ancient mariner when you book a room overlooking the Pacific Ocean at the Heceta Head Lighthouse Bed and Breakfast in Yachats,Oregon.The working lighthouse,which dated to1894,cast a bright beam21miles out to sea,making it the brightest light on the Oregon coast.The cliff-top rooms at the Light Keeper’s home nearby aren’t cheap-you’ll sell out up to $385for a weekend night during peak season(price includes a seven-course breakfast).BEWAREDangerous currents Unless you love cold water(or wear a wet suit),you may not wait to venture into the sea off the Oregon coast,even during the summer.But if you do,be prepared for the U.S.Lifesaving Association.Swim parallel to the beach until you’re no longer being pulled out to sea,then swim diagonally（成对角线地）toward the shore.BRINGBaby e a generous amount of baby powder to remove sand rom your hands,feet or hair. The powder quickly absorbs moisture,allowing sand to fall off easily.60.It can be inferred rom the section SLEEP that______.A.the price of one night stay remains the same all the year aroundB.those who stay there can have a free access to the beach and the lighthouseC.those who want to stay there have to pay more during a tourist seasonD.the price includes the breakfast for seven people61.What is suggested by the leaflet if you want to enjoy your stay at the beach?A.Avoid wearing wet suits.B.Never dive into the cold water off the coast.C.Bring baby powder to protect your skin from sand scratches.D.Don’t swim straight toward the shore when there’re dangerous currents.62.Oregon coast will provide you with all the following experiences EXCEPT______.A.a perfect view of sea lionsB.a mariner like stay in the more than100-year-old lighthouseC.a seafood feast in the popular local communityD.sun and fun of the less crowed beach.(C)With the coming of big data age,data science is supposed to be starved for,of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate panies,both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science.Therefore,it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr.Carlos Guestrin,machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years,making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging“cognitive”technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning,a subfield of data science,led by recommendation programs,fraud detection systems,forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science.Pinterest,for instance, maintains more than100machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning flix is estimated to spend$150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle,only about1,000have deep learning skills,compared to100,000who can apply other machine learning techniques,says Mr.Goldbloom.He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of“smart”applications,however,is likely to be cultural.Some companies,such as General Electric,have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles,some may master this difficult transition.But companies that were built,from the beginning,with data science at their center,are likely to represent serious competition.63.Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A.Technological problem.B.Expert crisis.C.High cost.D.Customer interactions.64.What can not be inferred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65.What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.To point out the problems facing machine learning experts.B.To call on companies to cultivate more experts in data science.C.To tell the readers the present situation of data science.D.To advice non-technology companies to look beyond the advantages they face.66.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.Data science:A forefront force in tech businessB.Corporate competition:An obstacle to the transitionC.Machine learning:A key to smart technologyD.Technique experts:A decisive factor of the coming era.Section CA.Therefor,it would be advisable to remain thoughtful of how you conduct yourself and deal with others around you.B.State out right that you ant to get along.C.In other words,do not allow yourself to take out your negative emotions on others around you.D.Getting along with someone,regardless of their passions,isn’t about being their best friend or sharing all their hobbies.E.You can only change how you interact with people,you can not change them.F.So it is better to listen to what the conversation is about before speaking.There are a lot of different people in the world,but despite our differences we all want to get along. Humans are social beings,and we enjoy being treated nicely.__67__It is about treating people with respect and care.Be a good listener.To start a conversation,it is important to listen first,especially when you are in a group.Don’t indulge（放纵）yourself in instant chant when you have just arrived.Examine the situation and the conversation,and then say whatever you think fit.It is better to say something valuable,rather than something meaningless.__68__Don’t try to change people.It is not your job to change anyone else. It is not in your power to change anyone else.Let other people live how they want to live.__69__If you do not like how someone acts,you can arrange things so that you interact with them as little as possible. You can always maintain a good attitude towards them so that your relationship with them might be change.Keep a smile.A little laughter goes a long way,and a smile eases tensions,where a frown can create tensions.If someone teases you,try to laugh at it off.If someone is frowning,smile at them.Be mindful of your facial expression.If you are persistently and optimistic,people will cheer up when they are see you coming.__70__Some people do not take hints.Some people do not read body language.For these people,it really works to just say,“I really want us to work well together.I will help you and back you up,and you help me and back me up.”IV.Summary WritingA Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school.Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome theeconomic barriers and lack of resources they face.Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers.Little is known,however,about how adolescents experience their fathers’warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States.Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork,and how they experienced their fathers.The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American,African American and European American descent.Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy,and,ultimately,higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters,while in different ways.Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’sense of optimism,and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities.This in turn leads to better math grades.There is a more direct link between their fathers’involvement and teenage boys’belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front.This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children,because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being. V.Tranalation72.这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2018届上海各区高三英语一模——翻译汇编
【2018-宝山区一模】V. Translation72.他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。
(express)73.有些人天生就具有体育或音乐天赋。
(born)74.可以预见的是人工智能的发展必将跨入新纪元，彻底改变人类的生活方式。
(It)75.就减肥而言，一种饮食确实不适合所有人，对一些人有效的也许对另一些人并非灵丹妙药。
(what)72. He still has difficulty expressing himself/ ideas/ thoughts in English.73. Some people are born with certain talents for sports or music.74. It can be predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will enter/ step into a new era, and completely change human life style.75.When it comes to (in terms of/ regarding / in regard to / concerning/ as far as losing weight is concerned) is losing weight, one diet really doesn’t fit all, and what works for some may not be best/ effective for others.【2018崇明区一模】V. Translation72.你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73.我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。
(abandon)74.上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。
(except)75.如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物，这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展。