2018年上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨
2018年上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨
WORD 格式整理版
知识体系
肯定 陈述句
否定
疑问句 1.简单句
一般问句 特殊问句 反义问句
选择问句
do
祈使句 don’t
that
let
连词
What
whether, as if, as though
感叹句
because
how
连接代词 what，who whom whose
连接词
which how many/much
2.并列句 并列连词
no matter+wh-等
句子
名词性从句
学习参考好帮手
连接副词 when where why how -ever no matter+wh- 等
WORD 格式整理版
主语从句
种类
表语从句 宾语从句
同位语从句
whose 3.从句
定语从句
先行词
关 系 代 词 that which who whom
WORD 格式整理版
2017 上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨
2017 上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法， 甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提 示，一种为不给单词提示。 试题结构由原来的 A，B2 篇 16 分改变成一篇 10 分。继续体现了“重词汇， 轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。
同级比较
基本句型
比较级 最高级
其它特殊用法
学习参考好帮手
WORD 格式整理版
二、未给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
2018年高考英语全国Ⅱ卷语法填空(含答案解析).ppt
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 _t_o_i_m__p_r_o_v_e__(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 __t_h_a_n___ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 _p_o_l_lu__ti_o_n__(pollute) in the country'sபைடு நூலகம்major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 _g_l_o_b_a_l _ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68 _s_t_a_r_te_d_ (start) a soil-testing program 69 _w__h_i_ch__/_th_a_t_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 _fe_e_d_i_n_g__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
上海高考英语语法填空解题指导
语法填空题常用词不给关键词的情况：有几个空格只能填几个单词1. 冠词 a , an , the2. 介词：(一个词的) in , on , at , about, of, with, without, for, by , over, under , below , above , after, before, until , since , like , through, across, as , besides, despite , except , beyond（2-3个词的）because of=due to= thanks to=owing to= on account of=as a result of , in spite of , instead of=rather than ，regardless of , apart from, except for，apart from, such as, according to, in addition to , as well as 等3. 不定代词something , anything , those , another , both, all, one , ones, the other , others, each, either , neither,人称代词I, you , he , she , it, we, you , they , him, her, it , us , you, them 等物主代词my, mine, your ,yours, his , her , hers , theirs 等反身代词oneself , myself, yourself, himself 等4. 并列连词and, but , while（”然而”放两句话中间表示两个事物对比），or , otherwise , so , for ，either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also …5. 状语从句连词时间状语从句连词when , whenever , while , as , before , after , since , until , till, not …until…, every time , each time, the first time , the last time, by the time…, the moment , as soon as , hardly/ scarcely/ barely …when… , no sooner… than….条件状语从句if，unless, once, as long as , as far as地点状语从句where , wherever原因状语从句because , as , since= now that结果状语从句so that, so…that…., such…that …目的状语从句so that , in order that , in case让步状语从句thought , although , even though , even if , while , as , whether …or…, however = no matter how , whatever = no matter what方式状语从句as , just as , as if = as though比较状语从句也就是各种形容词副词原级，比较级和最高级的句型6. 定语从句连词关系代词：which , that ,who , whom , whose , as关系副词: when, where , why也可能是：介词+which 结构引导7. 名词性从句连词that , if/ whether , 及所有wh-8. 情态动词can , could , should, may, might , must , need , ought to , have to, used to9. 强调句It is… that…./ It was…that….10. it 做形式主语或者形式宾语11. 倒装句（部分倒装或者完全倒装，只有考倒装句语法的时候，才有可能在空格中单独填写助动词）给关键词的分两种情况：空格里的字数不受限制1. 括号里给动词，先考虑是不是做句子的谓语。
18上海高考英语真题试题上海市18年高考英语试题和参考答案与解析{作文类}
年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共小题。
每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . ’ . . .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . . . .. ?. .. ’’ .. .. , ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . .. .第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分分）第一节（共小题。
每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
, . ’ $ , .. , ., . , ’ .. , . ., , , . .. , . , ’ ., () .. ...... ?. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ,...., , . , ..— , — , ’( ) , ’ . .(免疫) . . . , , , .(疫苗) . . .“— : ,” .“ , , , . , .”. “” .. . .. .. .... ’ .. ?. .. .. .. .. ?. . . . . . . ., , . !. , . , , . , . ,, , , , .. , , , .. , ., , , , , . . , .’ , . , .“” . .. ?. . . .. . . .. .. ’. ,. ’. ’. .. . . .. (: 夏令时) .“ , ,” . , . “’ ; ’ .” , . “ , , , . ’ , ,”“ .”. , . “ . . ”, . , (退黑激素) . , . .? , .. ?. ? . ?. ? . ?. ?. . . .. . . .. “” .. . . .. .. . . .第二节（共小题。
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市高考英语试题(含解析)
2018上海市高考英语试题（含解析）-一般过去时，故填did。
Passage B33 本题考查冠词用法。
由于engineer是可数名词，而electrical前面为元音读音，故该空填不定冠词an。
34 本题考查动词的时态和语态。
根据…and looks like a mini shop可知首先本句用的是一般现在时；其次本句是并列谓语结构；又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系，故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。
35 本题考查非限定性定语从句。
根据句式结构可看出，这是一个非限定性定语从句，而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention，又在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which。
36 本题考查反身代词。
根据前句I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。
故填myself。
37 本题考查形容词比较级。
该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine，但是认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”，即用比较级形式。
由于appropriate为多音节形容词，故前面加more。
38 本题考查考查动词时态。
根据时间状语In recent years可知，该句用现在完成时。
故正确答案为has forced。
39 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。
根据前句…about 400 village shops closed句意“……大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持……”，故用现在分词urging。
40 本题考查介词用法。
根据短语offer sth to sb/ sth可知，该空填to。
Section B。
2018年高考英语考前阅读、完型与写作(命题揭秘)之语法填空：思路点拨 word版含解析
通过对近两年以来高考英语全国新课标卷和广东卷语法填空题的研究和梳理，并结合大量的语法填空模拟题，总结出以下几条适合广大考生的解题技巧，希望再通过有的放矢的训练，能对在专题上有所突破。
一、让学生真正了解语法填空题。
在知道高考题型改变之初，许多学生都出现了畏难情绪，主要源于大部分学生认为自己英语成绩主要原因就是语法不好。
针对这种情况，平复学生畏难情绪的最好办法就是让学生了解这个题型，并且能够在自己的知识水平的基础上斩获能够得到的分数。
解决这个问题需要三个步骤：首先，让学生清楚语法填空题的出题特点：提示性填空题和自由填空两大类。
提示性填空主要考察动词（包括时态、语态和非谓语动词）、形容词和副词（包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化）以及名词（比较少，但是曾有词性转换方面的题出现）。
而自由填空主要集中在冠词（和名词相生相依）、代词、介词、连词和关系词几个方面。
学生了解了语法填空题还是在考平时所学的内容，只不过换个考查形式而已。
其次，在广东卷选取一个相对简单的题给学生进行模拟训练，如2010年广东卷的语法填空不是很难，让学生在规定的15分钟内完成，结果，有近三分之一的学生能够做出5个左右，能够得到7.5分，有较好的同学做对了7个，也就是能够得到10.5分，这个成绩明显要比单项选择题得分高，但是也有不容忽视的问题，有至少10个学生得了零分，还有20多个学生做对了两三个空。
不过学生做完题后感觉不像想象中的那么难，所以对语法填空题的畏难情绪一扫而光。
第三，学生的畏难情绪消除之后，还要让学生理智看待语法填空题，并且和短文改错题进行比较，找到两个题型之间的异与同，虽然考查目的不同，但是考查的知识都是相同的，学生在做这两方面的题时，会自觉的想到知识之间的联系，一方面增加做题的自信心，另一方面可以对知识学习做到融会贯通。
二、细化做题方法，增加其可操作性。
学生消除了对语法填空题的畏难情绪后，做题方法的辅导不能笼统，一定要细化到学生可以掌握，像浏览全文，把握语篇；边读边填，先易后难；验证复查，清除难点这样纲领式的做题方法对学生来说一点作用都没有。
2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空-(带答案精准校对加强版)
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Sizing Up Carbon FootprintsKelsey Schroeder was “born green”, according to her mother, and she takes that environmental enthusiasm to class with her at the Oak Knoll School of the Holy Child in Summit, N. J.. The 12-year-old (21)_____ (be) a driving force in greening her school since she was a fourth-grader. But (22)______really motivates kids — especially the sort of achievers who attend an exemplary private school like Oak Knoll — is a little competition. So when Schroeder and her classmates found out about a website (23) _____ (launch) last year that sets teams from around the country against one another in a contest to see who could be (24)______(green), they jumped on board. Her seventh-grade Royal Acorns team is Carbonrally’s the most recent champion,(25)_____ (save) 11.21 tons of climate-changing CO2 to date.(26)_____Americans grow more green-minded, more of them want to approach environmentalism in concrete terms. Thanks to websites like Carbonrally, one increasingly popular way to do so is by measuring and measurably reducing our carbon footprints — the greenhouse gases we’re responsible for (27)_____(emit). The more dependent we are (28)_____ fossil fuels, the bigger our carbon footprints; unsurprisingly, Americans, who are responsible for more than 20 tons of CO2 per capita annually, have some of the biggest feet in the world. How big?A recent study by a class at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that even a homeless American (29)_____ have a carbon footprint of 8.5 tons —twice (30)_______global average. “We have contributed more than our fair share to this problem,” says Katherine Wroth, a senior editor at the green website . “It seems logical that we would want to contribute to the solution.”Keys: 21. has been 22. what 23. launched 24. greener 25. having saved26. As 27. on 28. emitting 29. would 30. theII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Some ambitious office workers will stop at nothing to get ahead. And the use of email has provided an entire new box of dirty tricks for employees (21)______(hope) to climb the career ladder. Pushy office workers keen (22) ________(impress) bosses are increasingly using “ego mail” as a way to get ahead of their colleagues. And it seems men are the worst offenders.Showing off – or showing a colleague up - by copying management into an email thread is becoming more common, according to a study from a Cambridge scholar. Professor David De Cremer, of Cambridge University’s Judge Business School, found that workers who regularly CC, or “carbon copy,” their boss into email replies do so to unsettle their co-workers. “This finding suggests that when your co-workers copy your supervisor very often, they (23)______be doing so strategically, (24)________ they consciously know what the effect will be on you,’”he wrote in the Harvard Business Review.Men who “have no shame” are far more likely to engage these underhand tactics than women, according to Professor Tom Jackson of Loughborough University. “Interestingly from our research I would say that males are much more (25)________(focus) on doing this. Females might know how to do it (26)________ may not actually do it. Males have no shame - they just go ahead and do it,” he said. The method does seem to work, he added, because managers often remember (27)________ (pushy) employees when promoting members of staff.The ego email tactics could mean that women are missing out on promotions that are instead handed to male colleagues less embarrassed about using messages to show off. Some office workers go out of their way to email bosses at anti-social hours to show their commitment (28)_______the job. The study found that many would schedule messages (29)________(send) to management late at night or early in the morning to make it appear they are working even when they are not.This sort of behaviour could increase illness and stress in the workplace, according to experts. David D’Souza, of human resources organization the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, said ego emailing was a sign of an unhealthy working environment (30)_______employees were “fearful” for their jobs.Keys: 21.hoping 22.to impress 23.may 24. as 25. focused26. but 27. pushier 28. to 29. to be sent 30. whereII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New England, USA is the vacation land of many people from other parts of the country, because there are so many lakes, waterfalls, and beautiful spots for camps, streams for fishing, and in the Maine woods places for hunting deer and mouse. In New Hampshire there are mountains called the White Mountains and one of these White Mountain, (21) ______ (name) after our First President, is Mount Washington. It is the highest mountain in this part of the country , and just(22)_______ it is so high many people like to climb it. All along the New England coast are places(23) people go to spend the summer, because this part of the country is so cool while the rest of the country is so hot.But the thing that New England is (24)_______ (proud) of its schools and colleges. In their mills they make things, and in their schools and colleges they make men. Two of the most noted colleges in the country are in New England -Yale is in Connecticut and Harvard is in Massachusetts. Harvard is the oldest college in the United States.(25) (stick) out from Massachusetts like a long, (26) (bend) finger, (27)______ ______signaling people across the water to come to Massachusetts, is a piece of land called Capel Cod. It was named in honor of the codfish, because codfish are so plentiful in those waters, and they are caught and dried (28) _____ great quantities and shipped everywhere.The finger of Cape Cod has beckoned to (召唤）people of (29) _____ lands than England. People who speak strange languages have come to New England to work in factories and mills, (30) now almost one quarter of the people in New England are not from England; they are not Yankees.Keys: 21. named 22.because 23.where 24.proudest 25.Sticking26. bent 27.as if 28.in 29.other 30.so thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In short, those elf stories in Iceland might have represented a vague yet desperate attempt at control: if you did the right thing and helped out a hidden person, then at least through your response you had a tiny bit of power over your own destiny.In a category of their own (21) (be) the tales of elves who abducted mortal children or lured away adolescents. Those may have reflected an event more grim reality: children and teenagers who routinely died or went (22) (miss). Partly this happened (23) the adults had to work constantly and could not always be on call to supervise. During the summers they often had to work some distance from the farm,and when they did they would leave their children unattended for (24) (long) periods. Any number of things could happen to those children. They might wander off somewhere, possibly falling into a river, (25) a cliff, or into a deep crevice in the landscape. Or maybe the children (26)______were out working, with all the associated perils. As clearly as the age of five they were put into work watching the sheep, sometimes in a distant field.Imagine (27) a fog crept in and they tried to find their way home, only (28)_______ (become) hopeless lost. They could even have an accident, far from any available help. And so the (29)_______(bereave) parents,tormented by guilt, might conjure up a story in which their children had not,in fact,died,but had been taken away by elves who could provide a good life for them-even better than the one they (30)_______(provide).To the Icelanders,stories of elves and hidden people are an integral part of the cultural and psychological fabric of our nation. They are a part of our identity, a reflection of the struggles, hopes, resilience and endurance of our people. As such,they are very dear to us.Keys: 21.were 22.missing 23.because 24.longer 25.off26.whoever 27.if 28.to become29.bereaved 30.could have providedII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today the Statue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It (21) (tower) above of the harbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Many thousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspect that getting the statue (22) (build) was a long slow struggle. More than a century ago, it (23)____ (be) the celebration of freedom and the commemoration of the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor Auguste Bartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue and promoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem (24) was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations for the building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875. Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets that would be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations were helpful, (25)_____ the cost of the statue kept riding. (26) (face) with a shortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants in Paris donated prizes, and tickets were sold. Th e lottery was a success, but more money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniature versions of the statue, (27) the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money had been raised to complete the building of the statue.While the French had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, by late 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 to promote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, the idea of the statue was difficult (28) (sell).Some newspapers, most notably the New York Times, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehemently opposed (29) (spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic fund drive, promising to print the name of each donor, (30) small the donation, Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the country began donating whatever they could.In August 1885, that final $100,000 for the statue; the pedestal had been raised. Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year the Statue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erected on top.Keys: 21. towers 22. built 23. were 24. as 25. but26. faced 27. with 28. to sell 29. spending 30 howeverII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman (21) (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.The terrorists were extremist elements (22) (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the (23) apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman (24) four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo,Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities (25) killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests (26) his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.Terror attacks in Egypt (27) focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them (28)_______(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.Another militant group (29) (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war (30) (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.Keys: 21.were wounded 22.escaping 23.other 24.while 25.that26.against ed to 28.claimed 29.referred 30.declaredII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A great deal of attention (21)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was (22)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (23)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (24)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (25)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet (26)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(27)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(28)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built (29)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is (30)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.Keys: 21.is being paid 22.less visible 23.As 24.will be netted 25.rather than26.may 27.To take 28. that 29.its 30.whySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Kazuo Ishiguro, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature, has a number of strings to his bow, or rather his guitar.u The 62-year-old is world famous as a writer of fiction, but his early dream was to be a great singer and songwriter, like last year’s winner, Bob Dylan.His friend and former publisher Robert McCrum recalls the young Ishiguro (21) (turn) up at the publishing house Faber and Faber with a bunch of his stories in one hand and a guitar over his shoulder. It was his stories (22) earned him the great honor he received two weeks ago (23) his name indicates, Ishiguro comes from a Japanese background, although he came to Britain from Japan at the age of 5 and is a British citizen who writes in English.He(24)________(educate) at the University of East Anglia, a school that has become known for training writers.Ishiguro’s writing is highly restrained. His characters are often reluctant to express (25) , except in a kind of code. This certainly gives his writing a quality in common with that of Jane Austen, an author to (26) he is often compared. The best example of this is his novel The Remains of the Day, which later became a successful film.The central character of the book is a butler called Stevens. He is an extremely loyal servant to an English lord, and is a character who some might call repressed. He misses out on affection and love (27) he will not confess his feelings to anyone.The story is told by Stevens, and his style is as polite and unrevealing as his behavior. Of course, we (28) read between the lines to uncover the “real” story, which isn’t quite the one the butler is telling. Stevens finds it a challenge (29) (communicate), and communication is often a theme in Ishiguro’s novels.In this author’s sense of the world, there is a gap between our feelings and our ability to communicate them. The Nobel Committee emphasized this theme (30) it talked about Ishiguro’s work. The writer has, the committee claimed, “in novels of great emotional force ... uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”.Keys: 21. turning 22. that23. As 24. was educated25. themselves26. whom 27. because 28. have to 29. to communicate30. whenII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New UK Banknotes Causes ComplaintsAn argument has started over the use of the new plastic £5 (about 43 yuan) note in the UK.A petition (请愿) to the Bank of England has been launched by the thousands of vegetarians, --- (21) ______ (call) for the use of tallow (动物脂油), a substance made from animal fat, in thebanknotes to be stopped.The new £5 note, or fiver, (22) ______ features former prime minister Winston Churchill, is the UK’s first-ever bill (23) ______ (make) from a polymer (聚合材料). Its strong structure means it can deal with dirt and moisture better than the paper bill (24) ______ replaced.The notes started being used in September, and around 440 million new fivers (25) ______ (believe) to already be in circulation.“I understand old notes contain stuff as well --- we can’t do anything about what is already in use --- but the fact that they are producing new ones is (26) ______ really angers me.” Doug Maw, who started the petition, told the Press Association. “There have got to be other ways of making money without using animal products.”But in the eyes of Australian scientist David Solomon, who developed the first polymer bank note in Australia in 1988, the new £5 (27) ______ (contain) incredibly small amounts of tallow, which is also found in candles and soap.“It picks up fewer drugs than paper notes and you don’t chop down trees,” he told The Independent. “It’s more hygienic (卫生的) than a paper note by a long way.”It's not the first time that the latest version of the fiver (28) ______ (cause) controversy (争议). Another petition was created (29) ______ it was announced that Winston Churchill would replace English social reformer Elizabeth Fry on the face of the note, meaning no English banknotes would feature women (30) ______ ______ Queen Elizabeth II.After thousands expressed their anger, it was announced that British novelist Jane Austin would be the face of the new £10 note from summer 2017.Keys: 21. calling22. which23. made24. it25. are believed26. what 27. contain28. has caused29. when30. apart fromII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s time to go out for a run!As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk of premature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S. study.The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six to twenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves (21)_____ runners. Compared to those who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent (22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during the course of the study. These figures (23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’s smoking and drinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s health history and their other exercise h abits.The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on how many minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes over a seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of a week. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.“Running even at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,” the researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all it took was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.“This finding has clinical and public health importance,” the report continues. “Time is one of the strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity each day may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.” However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findings of this study would apply to the nation as a whole.Keys: 21. as22. less likely23. were adjusted24. when25. based26. who27. To reduce28. participating29. can30. whetherII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons (21) _______explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).In order to seek (22) ________ (good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, (23) ________ (leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact (24) ________ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty (25) ________ they would have if they had not left their countries. (26)_________ the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match (27)________ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timely response (28) _________ their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents (29)________(describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, (30)_______ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.Keys: 21.that 22.better 23.leaving 24.that 25.as26.whatever 27.what 28.for 29.has been described 30.whichII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.What families need is more affordable urban neighbourhoods with decent schools, safe streets, adequate parks ---and more housing space. As New York University’s Shlomo Angelpoints out, virtually all major cities worldwide（21）_______ (grow) outward more than inward, and becoming less dense in the process --- because density drives families away from urban cores and toward less dense peripheres(外围). The lesson is clear:（22）________cities were families, they should promote a mixture of density options.The solution is not to make war on suburbia, as urbanists have been doing for years. Following the notions (23)________ Jane Jacobs advanced a half-century ago, contemporary urbanists argue that high density creats a (24)______ (strong) sense of community. But that contention isn’t self-evident. The university of California’s Jan Brueckner and Ann Largely conducted 15,000 interviews across the country and found that for every 10 percent drop in population density, the likelihood of someone’s talking to his neighbour once a week went up 10 percent, (25)_______ _______ race ,income, education , martial statue, or age.In California, particularly , state and local officials push policies that favor the development of apartments over single-family houses and town houses. But by trying to cram people into higher-density space, planners help push up prices for the existing stock of family-friendly homes. Such policies have already been practiced for decades in the United Kngdom, (26)________(make) even provincial cities unaffordable, as British social commentator James Heartfield notes. London(27)_______ is among the least affordable cities in the world. Even middle-class residents(28)_______(know) to live in garages, converted bathrooms, and garden sheds.A city that continues to be high-density and high-cost hasn’t necessarily signed its own death warrant. Manhattan, parts of Brooklyn, and much of San Francisco, Seattle, Boston, and other amenity-rich cities---(29)________Tulane University geographer Richard Campanella calls “kiddie deserts” ---continue to flourish, (30)_____________other cities, such as Detroit, Cleveland, and Buffalo, can’t attract the same interest from young hipsters and the rich and are consequently less capable of withstanding the effects of family flight to the suburbs.Keys: 21. are growing 22. if 23.that 24. stronger 25.regardless of26. making 27. itself 28. have been known 29. what 30. butII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and。
2018高考英语全国一卷语法填空考点深度解析
2018高考英语全国一卷语法填空考点深度解析61:答案longer考点深度解析：此题考点为形容词的比较级，形容词与副词在使用时要注意比较等级的变化。
形容词与副词在使用上首先要注意其比较等级的使用，表示两个或两方（注意表示两方时从个数上讲可能大于三个）的比较要用比较及形式；表示三个或三方以上的比较要用最高级形式。
比较等级可以用表比较的介词或连词than，也可以暗含在语境中而不用表比较的介词或连词than，介词as也可以表示比较，但as表示……一样，as表示的比较只能用原级。
62:答案：to see考点深度解析：此题考点是动词，动词为实词，在句子中要充当语法成分，动词在句子中一般做谓语居多，动词在句子中除做谓语外的其它语法成分叫非谓语或非限定动词。
本题中所给动词（see）作目的状语，因此用不定式（to see）。
此题比较简单，用不定式的一般式，对于非谓动词如果考得比较难的话，还必须考虑非谓语动词的具体语体与语态问题，比如不定式的完成式（to have seen）,被动式（to be seen）。
63:答案：dying考点深度解析：此题考点是动名词作介词宾语，非谓语动词中除了过去分词不能做宾语，不定式与ing形式（包括现在分词与动名词）都可以做宾语，有些动词只能用ing形式做宾语（finish, enjoy），有的动词只能用不定式做宾语（decide, want），还有的动词既可以用ing形式做宾语，也可以用不定式做宾语，但存在意思上的差异(try, remember)。
介词的宾语一般只能用ing形式。
64:答案：is考点深度解析：be动词的使用，英语be动词既可以作为助动词用（构成时态与语态），也可以作为连系动词用（构成系表结构），此题的be动词为系表结构，系表结构也有谓语形式与非谓语形式，谓形式有is\are\am\was\were等形式，非谓语形式有to be\ being\been。
65:答案：than考点深度解析：此题考点为介词，介词不能单独使用，必须带上宾语构成介词短语，或依附在不及物动词后面使用。
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2018年上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨2017上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。
本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。
试题结构由原来的A，B2篇16分改变成一篇10分。
继续体现了“重词汇，轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。
技巧一：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。
例1：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。
从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态 be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。
形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。
构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
知识体系：原级构成比较级（在形容词或副词后加er或在前面加more）注意不规则变化最高级（在形容词或副词后加est或在前面加most）形容词副词比较等级同级比较比较级基本句型最高级其它特殊用法二、未给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
技巧一：固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例4：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
技巧二：从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例6：He did not do_____ his father had asked him to do．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
例7：Those_____ want to go to the village must sign here．经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。
知识体系肯定陈述句一般问句否定特殊问句疑问句1.简单句反义问句选择问句do祈使句don’t thatlet 连词What whether, as if, as though感叹句 becausehow 连接代词 what，who whom whose连接词 which how many/much2.并列句并列连词 no matter+wh-等句子连接副词 when where why how -ever名词性从句 no matter+wh- 等主语从句表语从句种类宾语从句同位语从句先行词关系代词that which who whom whose 3.从句 As 等关系词定语从句关系副词 when where why限制性种类非限制性表时间 when,while,as,after,before,until表原因 because,since,as,for,now that表地点 where,wherever表条件 if,unless,as long as, in case状语从句表目的 so…that,so that,such that表结果 so…that,so that,such that表让步 though,althouth,despite,in spite of,regardless of,even if, even though表方式 as, as if ,as though表比较 as…as, such…as技巧三：短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例10：Mr Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking a train．此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
技巧四：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等。
例12：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
技巧五：冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：also，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查ly形式的方式副词.例14：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例15：Old Tom’s grand·daughter used to visit him _____ Saturday afternoons．Saturday afternoons是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。
上述五条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率2017高考英语新题型–语法填空高频考点与高分技巧(1)按该题2017高考课改考纲要求，“纯空格题”仅考冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级等。
根据上海2014年考纲要求，词类转换不做考试要求，故本文不做相关探讨。
(2)介词每年会有一道小题，是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。
(3)冠词：考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本…)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。
(4)代词：主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词。
备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。
(5)连接词：考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where(三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词。
如何判断名词性从句？规律：可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句。
注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语或表语时常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)(6)动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。
语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。
非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing形式。
答案特点：(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。
(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词。
究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。
若需填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。
(3)若所填词位于句首，第一个字母要注意大写。
特别提醒：“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。
非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。
答题思路：(1)纯空格试题。
首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。
然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。
我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考——冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词 )、介词、和连词、从句引导词。
(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考——谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、.非谓语动词、形容词副词比较级等。
两个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法。
1.…The exam, ________was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it toa small town some 20 kilometres away ________there was a garage.3. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.答案：which where whom 具体分析方法：（一）纯空格题1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。