2019年上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the journalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the rea der’s borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊): we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship(企业家精神). Worse still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will certainly lose the ‘holy curiosity’. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? ...And if you see learning as a burden, there’s no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will just make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sport TourismTourism is the world’s largest industry and is predicted to grow well into the years to come. Increasingly, the economic importance of tourism has been recognized by governments around the world. At the same time, the tourism industry has become more complicated in its development and marketing new forms of tourism. One of the fastest growing parts of the tourism industry is travel related to sport and physical activity. A recent survey found that while the traditional beach and sight-seeing vacations continue to predominate, 22% of those surveyed reported that opportunities to participate in sports were important when selecting a vacation.The term sport tourism has been adopted in recent years to describe sport-related leisure travel. It is generally recognized that three are three broad categories of sport tourism. The first category. Watching sporting events or Sports Event Tourism includes hallmark events such as FIFA World Cup Football Championships, and the Olympic games. Tournament sponsored by the Professional Golf Association or the World Tennis Association are also part of the spectator-centered sector of sport tourism.The second type of sport tourism, celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism involves visiting famous sports-related attractions. Visits of the sports halls of fame fall into this category. Another form of celebrity and nostalgia sport tourism that has emerged in recent years is meeting famous sports personalities. The cruise industry has been experienced in this area. Sports theme cruise such as “the NBA basketball cruise” arrange for passengers to meet personalities from sports while on board.Active participation is the third category of sports tourism. This is composed of individuals who travel to participate in golf, skiing, and tennis in particular, although other sports such as fishing, and scuba diving are popular in the US.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable TrendOnline pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.While some drugs sold online aren’t FDA-approved, customers shouldn’t be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren’t harming the peopl e who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it’s just now being tested in the U.S.Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs atlower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn’t be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to your health, it’s important to look after it.Maintaining good posture (姿势) is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretch can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can stain the muscles around your spine.Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those used to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What started as a race to space between the United States and Russia has turned out to be a technological revolution that has greatly improved the quality of daily life throughout the world. Scientists at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invented new technology to make space flights doable. The same technology, when applied on Earth, has produced thousands of products in the areas of health and sports that have significant impacts on our lives.Many of these improvements are in the fields of health and medicine. NASA-inspired technology fueled the great advances in the early detection of deadly diseases. For instance, computer chips designed for the Hubble telescope are used in digital imaging devices that help medical professionals detect cancer at very early stages. Eye doctors can now diagnose vision problems in very young children by using ocular screening. Ultrasound scanners, portable x-ray devices, and bone analyzers are among the medical devices developed with the help of spacetechnology.Fogless ski goggles and special sportswear are among the hundreds of items of sports equipment inspired by NASA technology. Space technology has been applied to sports too. The running shoes that athletes use today have midsoles that act like shock absorbers and keep the runners steady while in motion. These shoes utilize the technology NASA used to design the moon boot. In golf, athletes use a new ball that employs NASA research on how to make the flight of the ball from the tee to the green faster and more accurate. In swimming, athletes can swim faster because of NASA-developed riblets in the fabric of their swimsuits.Almost all aspects of daily life continue to improve because NASA scientists are still at work. Transportation, methods of preparing food, and work environments are other ways in which NASA technology has made significant changes.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’twe a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doe sn’t get high marks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air.They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods -- paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.So, when you picked up a few things in a supermarket, a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology. By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic, with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn't it a relief to get to the office?The answer is a definite yes. It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise, and most see that as a "major problem." Moreover, it's getting worse. Lastyear, people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior. This year, the number had shot up to 10.6.The exception, it seems, is the Workshops. More than 90% of us see companies offices as what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners. Workplaces are getting more civil in many people's eyes. The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%---markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online (39%), or while driving (also 39%).Of course, less-than-polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion. However, being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common-sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development.But there’s more to it. Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. CEOS, and managers at all levels, are now keen on cooperation. They are trying to build a ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, to attract the best available talents. This emphasis on co-working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people.Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see, 62％hope that “civility training will be continued”, looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take Care of Your Spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support.It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves that sends electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Therefore, it’s important to take care of it.Maintaining your good posture is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you’re asleep. Sleeping on your side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Having a comfortable bed is also very important as sleeping in a position that isn’t comfortable can leave your back feeling sore the next day.Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Staying still for too long—even if your posture is good—can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a desk most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch periodically. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better positions. Strength exercises with light weights or bodyweight exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated motions can hurt the muscles around your spine.Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins help keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement (补充物). Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones, but it’s also absorb ed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.All Must Have DegreesIn a classroom in Seoul a group of teenagers sit over their desks in total silence. Study begins at eight in the morning and ends at half past four in the afternoon. And some even go back home at midnight. Like thousands of South Koreans, they are preparing for the important exam, which will largely determine whether they go to a good university or not. Degrees have become useful. Seventy percent of students who graduate from the country’s secondary schools now go straight to universities.Many more countries have seen a big rise in the share of young people with degrees, but South Korea is an extreme case. As technological reforms require workers to do many difficult and demanding jobs that they would not have done before, there seems to be reasonable to insist that more workers receive a good education than before. And a degree is an obvious way for bright youngsters From poor families to prove their abilities. People tend to earn more if they have degrees.Employers do not have to pay for higher education and they are increasingly able to demand degrees to screen out the least motivated or capable. A recent study by Joseph Fuller and Manjari Raman of Harvard Business School shows that companies routinely require applicants to have degrees, even though only a minority of those already working in the role have them.The Economist’s analysis found that between 1970 and 2015, the proportion of 256 workers aged 25-64 with at least a bachelor’s degree increased. Some of them are highly intellectually demanding jobs, such as aviation engineers. Others are non-graduate jobs such as waiting tables. Sixteen percent of waiters now have degrees, because probably in most cases they could not find jobs and live poorly. Today, having a degree is usually an entry requirement.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Gossip“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him.“Empty your pockets please, Alfred,” Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice.Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he’d been caught. From his coat he withdrew a make-up kit, a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste.“I’m disappointed in you, Alfred!” said the little gray-haired man.“Sorry, Sir. Please forgive me. I’ve never done such a thing before.” Alfred lied, hoping to gain the old man’s sympathy.Mr Carr’s brow furrowed (皱眉) as he reached for the phone, “Do you take me for a fool? Let’s see what the police have to say. But first I’ll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail.”“Do whatever you want,” Alfred shot back, trying to sound big. But deep down he felt like a child. He imagined his mother rushing in, eyes burning with anger, maybe in tears. Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr. Carr called the police.Mr. Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived. She was very calm, quiet and friendly. “Is Alfred in trouble?” she asked.“He’s been stealing from the store,” the old man coolly replied.Mrs. Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr. Carr’s arm with great g entleness as if she knew just how he felt. She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble. “What do you want to do, Mr. Carr?”The woman’s calm and gentle manner disarmed the once-angry store-owner. “I was going to get a cop. But I don’t want to be cruel. Tell your son not to come back here again, and I’ll let itgo.” Then he warmly shook Mrs. Higgins’s hand.Mrs. Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness, then mother and son left. They walked along the street in silence. When they arrive d home his mother simply said, “Go to bed, you fool.”In his bedroom, Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen. He felt no shame, only pride in his mother’s actions. “She was smooth!” he thought. He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was, but was shocked by what he saw.His mother’s face looked frightened, broken. Not the cool, bright face he saw earlier. Her lips moved nervously. She looked very old. There were tears in her eyes.This picture of his mother made him want to cry. He felt his youth ending. He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face. He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When we wake up feeling sleepy and with dark circles under eyes, many of us often think:” I’m going to go to bed earlier tomorrow!” But however determined we are, chances are that we don’t stick to our promise. This behavior is called “bedtime procrastinat ion（拖延症）”.According to a study carried out by a group of health psychologists at Utrecht University in the Netherlands in 2014, bedtime procrastination is a common problem. In their study, 53 percent of the 2,400 participants said they didn’t follow their sleep schedule, delaying it at least twice a week.It’s found that they delayed bedtime not because they liked to stay up late, but they couldn’tstop doing other unimportant things, which were keeping them up in the first place.“People who generally hav e trouble resisting temptations and sticking to their intentions are more likely to delay going to bed.” Floor Kroese, a psychologist at Utrecht University, further explained to HuffPost.Yet, according to scientists, lack of self-control is not the only thing to blame. Our body clock also plays an important role when it comes to bed time. In order to check the influence of the body clock on sleep, psychologists at Ulm University in Germany studied the sleep patterns of 108 people in February. It was found that those who get up late are more likely to postpone their bedtime than those who wake early every morning.“The intention to go to bed earlier is not enough,” Jane Kuhnel, a psychologist at Ulm University, concluded in Popular Science. “Biological processes need to support this intention.”People always think that bedtime procrastination isn’t a big problem, but as Kroese told Popular Science, “the choices we make that affect out sleep could turn out to be pretty important for our health.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To Friend or UnfriendSocial networking makes it very easy to have friends –lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be yourfriend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don’t want to have so many friends?Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. In recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a ‘friend’ from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I’m cooking dinner” or “I’m doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that’s what friends ar e for!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Take care of your spine (脊柱)The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from。
完整word版解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编 语法填空原卷版
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June._____1_____According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after shemisreported how much money she (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called yin-yang_____2_____contracts to conceal the authorities her true remuneration () and avoid millions of dollars in taxes._____3_____薪酬Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fineof $86 million.Because she was first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed_____4_____against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation she had been detained by_____5_____the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and_____7_____government.As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry andsociety, she said. I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, led to _____8_____the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there have been no Fan Bingbing, she added._____9_____Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of1Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry._____10_____II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirectionsAfter reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and ：grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine whenshe's onlunch-monitoring duty. She ___11___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps() 圈around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap ___12___ a 14-year-old freshman standingnot far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees ___13___ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability___14___ (aim). Sowith the shooter's finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him. ___15___ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun intothe air, but not ___16___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits,McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, ___17___ disarmed the student and tookhim into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and supportto her shaken students.“It's the mama-bear instinct,”she told the local paper. “I don't have kids of my own, but these are still‘___18___' kids.”_______19_______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the countryhad a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn't been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,”Police ChiefJeff Branson said at a news conference.As one ___20___ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroin.”II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.2Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your Brain Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it's not exactly a healthfood, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right? Well, it turns out that _____21_____(eat) chocolate mightactually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research _____22_____(conduct) by fivescientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (), can help boost cognitive () 认知的黄烷醇performance. Yes, chocolate's good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila,_____23_____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people's performance on cognitivetests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was anoticeable improvement _____24_____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in“general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.”Sounds pretty good to us! And that's not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanolshelped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there's even more good news. _____25_____(take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-termimprovements in cognition. Older adults, ____26____ memories were already declining, saw an especiallysignificant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier,_____27_____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists_____28_____ haveclaimed that, after doing this research, they've started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other healthbenefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we're not saying that you _____29_____ start eating chocolate for breakfast,lunch, and dinner—it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after asleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead,_____30_____ takeadvantage of chocolate's newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SA T, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, ___31___ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of3Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety –not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239college freshmen, each ___32___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SA T reasoning test___33___ (give)on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours andfive-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___34___ (boost) thestress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college –Ackerman andKanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who ___35___ (beat) their high-school score.___36___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked themabout their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of thetest and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students' energy andanxiety___37___ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers' fatigue and stress rose steadily___38___ the test got longer. ___39___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of thetest increased, so ___40___ the students' scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A ．Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. Thehome-sharingservice provides some people with a way _____41_____ （makeextra money while they work other jobs.）The company announced recently that one of its _____42_____ (popular) professions among AmericanAirbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out _____43_____ industries itsAmerican hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified _____44_____ as teachers or inthe field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. Inaddition, the study says there are _____45_____ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about _____46_____ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the4company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earningsfrom hosting _____47_____ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb's estimated national average. Airbnb spokesmanChristopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the currentproblems _____48_____ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool”to helpteachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity”they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb _____49_____ (continue) to face opposition byactivists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices inseveral cities. Elected officials in some areas _____50_____ (propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of theservice. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A．Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.”He pointedout the important truth about how precious youth is in one's journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi() –or “Buddhist”–_____51_____ (challenge) this norm by 佛系encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible –in other words, tolive like a Buddha.The phrase _____52_____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to startrelationships with women or follow someone else's life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without_____53_____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example,“Buddhist students”are those who study just the right amount –they don't cut class, but neither_____54_____ theyburn the midnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little _____55_____ their children'slives and let them develop _____56_____ they like –the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it's only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational() culture”–a phrase that describes young people 丧who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality_____57_____ young people are5losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply _____58_____they're incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters”should keep in mind: You may want to keep acalm mindset regarding failure, but you _____59_____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life._____60_____ be lost upon you. Be After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Letfraid of nothing.”always searching for new sensations. Be a II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the mosttrouble _____61_____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn't remember Barbarashe'd put it.______62______Perhaps you've had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what's worse, most peoplenaware of a simple but important fact: Memory can be developed. ____63____(bow) to a life of forgetting. They're u If you just accept that fact, this book will show you_____64_____it can be improved.your overanxious about remembering something, you'll forget it. Relaxing will enhance First, relax. If you are______65______ you can concentrate.awareness and ability to concentrate. You can't remember anythingSecond, avoid being negative. If you keep telling _____66_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will cometo believe it and you won't remember things. When you forget something, don't say, “Gee, I need to have my brain_____67_____(rewire).”Instead, you need to take an active role.____68____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs. You may also want to make associations or links between _______69_______you are trying to remember andthings you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mindand notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times ________70________(likely) to forget the6take-off time.Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannotwrite well.The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have topass a writing test ___71___ they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests arechanging now ___72___ (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed toread through large amounts of work. So some companies ___73___ (develop) computer programs. These can gradestudent writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost___74___ (little) to carry out bycomputer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial () 人工的intelligence to think in a way___75___teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing testbegan with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officialssay there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by ___76___ human readers.The entrance test commonly ___77___(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already uses e-readers. The GREand TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Testof English as a Foreign Language.Systems ___78___ (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples ofstudent writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand___79___ a writer is trying to say. Critics say a programcannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the sameway. They also say the systems ___80___(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form7of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had togo to hospital for _____81_____ whole examination. It seemed a small challenge _____82_____ (compare) to theone I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city,I was depending on a couple of buses _____83_____ (get) me from A to B. Although I'd left myself plenty of time,soon ______84______ was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that______85______ (take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，whowas trying to get past me. Surprisingly, _____86_____ moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK.After I explained_____87_____ was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, _____88_____ a bus would take me backinto the city to my appointment. ______89______ (sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing tohelp. Then，hearing a horn () nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had 喇叭returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. _____90_____ I climbed outof the carat the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an armmassage. The aim of program is ___91___offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stressdisorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs frommeditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from workstress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures,___92___(welcome) the medicalization of nature with greatenthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars ___93___ a healing complexnext toSobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence ___94___ being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But whatis frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at8Canada's Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time___95___ we are most disconnectedfrom it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academicpressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so___96___visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to?___97___ (surround) by nature has one obviouseffect: the more time we spend in nature, the ___98___ (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower bloodpressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies alsoindicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an ___99___ (improve) sense andwell-being; it canlower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably ___100___ we evolved in nature and have been adapted tothe natural environment.901。
上海2019届高三英语一模语法填空考点分类汇编(含答案)
2019届上海高三英语一模语法填空考点分类汇编名词性从句1.First and foremost,it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have athorough idea (26) ______ our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. what2.One day, microbial signatures might show (29) ______ people have gone and what they havetouched. They could prove (30) ______ an unmarked device is yours. where; that3.Even worse is the possibility (30) ______ we still have no seafood to enjoy at all. that4.When word gets out (27) ______ Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page,Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel obliged to join in, “It’s amazing,” Loveland said. that5.He had already been aware, for example, (26) _______ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’sown 134,000. that6.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. What7.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was moreimportant than (27) _______ was objectively occurring in their lives. what8.He does not accept the argument (30) _______ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. that9.My one fear is (30) ______ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruelcritic of our shallow times. that10.Most of the time we drift back to (24) _______ we started. where11.(22) ______ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness butwith little or none of the caffeine has been found. What12.Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23) ______ they’re payingfor Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth. what13.It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid. that14.Then the Nazis decide to "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know(22) ______their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where theyare going, either. why定语从句1.It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during(24) ______ time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or morebooks to the library. which2.…in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) ______ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures.whose3.It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for whatthey did, all led by a proud grandson (30) ______ saw an injustice and decided to do something about it. who4.Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) _______ pride over his appearance wasbut one aspect of his self-centeredness. whose5.James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum beforecoming up with the design (26)______ made his fortune. that/which6.Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower,(26) _______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. which7.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that something is terribly wrong,especially in the current economic climate (23)_______ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. where8.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)_______ provides assistance to bicycle-relatedworkers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. which9.However depressed you may be feeling now, if you look back, there certainly will have beenevents that made you happy—maybe the time (21) _______ you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship. when10.Roy Thomas, (27) _____ succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two daysbefore his death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story. who11.(25) ______ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the teaplant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits. As12.Its original business model, (26) ______ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of thepage, totally failed. which13.Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her socelebrated. that/which状语从句1.(24) ______ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad.Although/Though/While2.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters?It could be silenced (29)______ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification. because3.So April told him “son, (22) ______ you are going to complain about something, you have todo something about it or let it go” if/when4.He does it every week (25) ______ the weather is like, rain or shine---especially rain. whatever5.But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21)______ they first learnhow to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. if/when/after6.According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitalsalone due to preventable error. (30) ______ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. Unless7.In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to yourface (25) _______ _______ you age more quickly. so that8.That means you will somehow look suspicious (24) _______ you say about the leave. whatever9.(22) ______ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them.Although/Though/While10.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) _______ theirjob also depends on tips. because11.(28) ______ this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him as someone like DavidSedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln.Although/Though/While12.Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation (享乐适应症)—that is, (23) _____________ _______ good something makes us feel, most of the time we drift back to where we started. No matter how13.For example, you will feel happier about your volunteer work (28) _______ you are able tocope with new tasks every week. if/when14.From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs(24) _____ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company — TimelyComics. until15.(29) _____ _____ _____ he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always upto do something more.” As long as16.Tea contains caffeine which, (21) ______ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety,insomnia and other problems. Although/Though/While17.It has been 44 years (26) ______an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.sincest year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)______ ______ many things -- your city,your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default (默认), to be shared with everyone on the Internet. so that非谓语1.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”,primarily (22) ______(consist) of three parts. consisting2.As for when (25) ______ (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that itwon’t interrupt our classes. to hold3.The phone’s owner reported the theft before (22) ______(die)from the disease. dying4.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoingwarming of their own, (26) _______ (cause) a decline in fish population. causing5.Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness inhumans whenever (28) ______ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters. taken6.Next thing April knew, Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations (23) ______(buy) flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. to buy7.They were out there in the rain doing their job, (26) ______ (protect) us,” Preston said, Hisdevotion is infections. protecting8.People, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel (28) ______(oblige) to join in. obliged9.Union soldiers were starving, (24) _______ (exhaust), and demoralized. exhausted10.They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s onlyoption was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) _______ (assure) a Union victory. assuring11.Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) _______ (retreat), Hooker began toignore reality. to retreat12.(22) _______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. To stretch13.They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) withintheir comfort zone. remaining14.Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. failing15.There’s no point (22) _______ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something backthat’s even better, and quickly. abandoning16.Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused somany neurons(神经细胞) (24)_______ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains! to grow17.(28) _______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale howstressed they felt each day. Given18.I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21) _______ (leave) within a year hurt myprofessional reputation? leaving19.Focus on your desire (28) ________ (develop) professionally. to developst year, the city announced severe measures (24) _______ (mean) to hold e-bike riders andrestaurants that employ the riders responsible. meant21.Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) _______ (earn) enough moneyto live on. to earn22.He says (28) _______ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costlydelays for workers. being caught23.Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires withfirefighters, (25) ______ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have. driving24.The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27) ______(turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other. turned25.An often (25) ________ (quote) example is that lottery winners are no happier than non-winnerseighteen months after their win. quoted26.Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy, but not enough time(30) ______ (try) to hang on to the happiness they already have. trying27.Stan Lee loved the (23) _____ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories likethose in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. written28.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speakdirectly to his readers, (25) _____ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day.reaching29.As long as he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) _____(do) something more. to do30.Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) ______ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. growing31.(26) _______ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between700 and 1,000 metres above sea level around a handful of Chinese villages. Known32.It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) ______ (breed)for commercial use. to be bred33.The wayward emperor penguin (21) ______ (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home inAntarctic waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand. known34.(22) ______(speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said HappyFeet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Speaking35.Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send(22) ______ (target) messages. targeted36.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning, whichis why I’m considering (29) _______ (cancel) my account. cancelling37.Number the Starsis a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24)______(rescue)during the war. rescued38.And is she brave enough (26) ______ (make) that sacrifice? to make39.But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage). engaging谓语动词1.Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchangeand share what they (23) ______ (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. have been exposed2.Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally (23) ______(confess) to the crime.confessed3.In an early study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbialfingerprints to identify the person who (28) ______(use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature. had used4.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) ______(continue) to affect weather, we often that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. continues5.According to organizations like Australia’s Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) ______ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue. are estimated6.It is the first time I (21) ______ (see) him like this angry and passionate. have seen7.And when that cemetery (24)_____ (cover), he moved on to another，and then another. wascovered8.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) ________ (win) the last four major battles and theUnion soldiers were starving, exhausted, and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. had won9.Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss)as cowards. were dismissed10.The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). are repeated11.In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) _______ (learn) that real keys arepleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not. have learn12.That means you will somehow look suspicious whatever you say about the leave. Saying thework is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they (25) _______ (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player. question/will question13.However, it (29) _______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills asa professional. is made/has been made14.I (29) _______ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also tostrangers on Twitter over and over again. have recommended15.Positive changes that (27) ________ (experience) in a variety of ways are more likely to leadto lasting happiness. are experienced16.Now the researchers (28) ______ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitatwhile further studies are carried out. are exploring17.A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30)______ (report). Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. has been reported 18.He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24) ______(take) a look up at the people aboard, andthen disappeared beneath the surface. took19.Now that Happy Feet (30) ______(nurse) back to health, his chances are as good as they are forany other penguin in the wild. has been nursed20.So far the privacy issue (27) ______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. has landed21.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. Thereare soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______(accept)by the Nazis. is accepted情态动词1.On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book andCopyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) ______ hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions. can2.My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) _______ God have mercy onBobby Lee, for I shall have none. may3.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatienceand lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26) _______ assume that you can’t put up with a little disorganization. may/might4.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) _______ alsoseize the bikes. can5. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire,to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) _____ exceed the scale of his imagination.could介词1.First and foremost,it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have athorough idea what our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey.So it is (27) ______ the books recommended. with2.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, (26) ______countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. from3.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) ______ one cup of coffee a day, the effects ofclimate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. to4.Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles upand across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) ________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind.They were trapped. behind5.The consequence is that (28) _____ _____ learning from failure, healthcare often covers upfailure. instead of6.And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) _______ an annual review basis, so suddenlyasking for more money doesn't work for their budgets. on7.Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23)_______ the ban. for8.Variety is, as we all know, the spice of life. But it’s also a useful weapon (26) _______adaptation. against9.With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences (哀悼) (21) _____ his daughter andbrother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel. with10.Known locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000metres (27) ______ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages. above11.(28) ______the world watching, authorities finally took action, moving the penguin to theWellington Zoo four days after he was discovered. With12.People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21)______realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. without代词1.And (30) ______ is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain alot from it. It2.It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are differentfrom (25) ______ of your friends and family. those3.Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) ______ may even become scarce within thenext 30 years. others4.What he’s doing brings (29) ______ out because we can’t believe a young man in this countryis doing what he does. us5.As Dyson put (27) _______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas andlearn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.” it6.The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damagedtelomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29)_______ who felt more relaxed. those7.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that (22) _______ is terriblywrong, especially in the current economic climate where unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. something8.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26) ______ in which the author suffered horribly. those9.Roy Thomas, who succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before(28) _____ death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story. his10.What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but withlittle or (23) ______ of the caffeine has been found. none11.Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30) _______ information is in the handsof people I don’t trust. my冠词1.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22) ______ 1970s with onlyfemale friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? the倒装1.(28) ______ ______ can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing agood campus tradition, but more importantly, these books which are sure to be dusted on ourshelves can now be of more value. Not only强调1.It was at the zoo (29) ______the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so hewouldn’t overheat. that并列连词1.Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part ofthe ship for his final send-off. (23) ______when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving. But。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。
2019届上海高三英语一模汇编--完形填空
1.虹口区2018学年第一学期期末教学质量监控测试This article is for all of the teenagers out there.Even though__41__you are years from being fully grown,society regularly expects you to adult.Yes,you are__42__in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely,and you handle schedules that would__43__many adults.But you probably cannot process caffeine(咖啡因)as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks.But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety,affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance,__44__nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol.The following four aspects may well__45__the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable,universally used,even cool, but it still causes__46__symptoms such as headaches,fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient;you do not need it to be healthy.__47__,it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium(钙).Caffeine probably causes the body to release water.And the more caffeinated drinks you consume,the less likely you are to drink water.So experts say that adolescents should consume__48__amounts of caffeine a day(≤100mg).Caffeine’s__49__According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,about65percent of middle and higher schoolers are__50__to insufficient sleep on school nights.Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to(归因于)caffeine,which can remain in the body for seven hours after __51__,thus causing teens’worse performance the next day.It is widely assumed that adequate sleep__52__proper growth and brain development.During childhood and adolescence,the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪)when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a__53__. It may be listed as an ingredient,but the amount is not required.Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum,candy and water,along with makeup and beauty products that__54__to reduce swelling(肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence,so teens,when you consume sweet,caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish(无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult.It is advisable to come up with other__55__ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A.potentially B.necessarily C.developmentally D.materially42. A.mature B.experienced C.productive D.disciplined43. A.delight B.frustrate C.liberate D.exclude44. A.promote B.assist C.intensify D.discourage45. A.call for B.account for C.turn to D.appeal to46. A.withdrawal B.addiction C.nutrition D.infection47. A.Therefore B.Instead C.Moreover D.Otherwise48. A.initial B.sufficient C.moderate D.stable49. A.reputations B.confirmations C.implications D.disadvantages50. A.subjected B.alerted C.reduced D.opposed51. A.stimulation B.concentration C.excitement D.consumption52. A.results from B.contributes to C.benefits from D.attends to53. A.therapy B.material C.nutrient D.substitute54. A.fail B.appear C.promise D.happen55. A.instructive prehensive C.extensive D.alternative 2.2018学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However,it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not,or why one is cooperative and another is(41)_______.Social scientists are of course(42)______interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour.There are no clear answers yet,but two(43)_______schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect,the two approaches are very different from each other,and there is a great deal of debate between(44)______of each theory.The controversy（争论）is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who(45)______the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are(46)_____determined by biological factors.That our environment has little, if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behaviour is(47)______to this theory. Taken to an extreme,this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our(48)_______.Supporters of the“nurture”theory,or,as they are often called,(49)______,claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely (50)_______by their surroundings.The behaviorists’view of the human being is quite mechanistic.They state that,like machines,humans respond to(51)______stimuli(刺激)as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically,the consequences of these two theories are(52)______.In the US, for example,blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some “nature”supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites are. Behaviorists,(53)_____,say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy,and that, as a result,they do not develop the same(54)______that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour.As a matter of fact,it is quite (55)_____that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41.A.sensitive B.productive petitive D.aggressive42.A.moderately B.extremely C.reluctantly D.scarcely43.A.distinct B.reliable C.relevant D.equal44.A.objectors B.operators C.opponents D.advocates45.A.claim B.support C.resolve D.inheritpletely rgely C.thoroughly D.merely47.A.sensitive B.open C.central D.subject48.A.abilities B.capacities C.personalities D.instincts49.A.experts B.scientists C.environmentalists D.behaviorists50.A.shaped B.prioritized C.oppressed D.restricted51.A.environmental B.biological C.genetic D.psychological52.A.temporary B.slight C.fatal D.far-reaching53.A.on the contrary B.as a whole C.after all D.for instance54.A.habits B.responses C.characteristics D.advantages55.A.necessary B.impossible C.unreasonable D.likely3.宝山区2018学年第一学期期末The search for new,clean energy sources has occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years.One common41for green energy is the wind.A new twist on this old resource could cause the energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.Standard wind-power plants rely on strong support and42can only reach a height of 200meters or so.Higher than that,winds tend to be stronger and steadier,but the challenge is43how to obtain the energy from those winds.Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group.The group is working to develop kites with inflatable（可充气的）wings44to electrical generators(发电机)on the ground.The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for24hours. Research has begun,but many challenges remain,including making the generators more45and perfecting the automatic flight control and the structure of the kites.Nevertheless in June2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate46at an altitude of up to700meters.Meanwhile,in Italy,researchers are working on a(n)47power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen,senses the wind blowing,kites are48from the ends of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle.These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming objects49planes,helicopters or even individual birds.The kites themselves are light,tough and able to reach fairly high altitudes.They loop（绕行）around in the wind,which sets the center of the generator in motion,50electric current.KiteGen has the51to be very cost-effective in the long run.After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant,little52investment will be necessary,apart from standard maintenance.The plant also requires53little space,which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more54.Kite power has the potential to greatly55on current wind-power strategies.In the future,it may be an efficient,cost-effective supplement to the other sources of energy we use,or even a replacement for some of them.41.A.resolution B.proposal C.resource D.substitute42.A.generally B.frequently C.continually D.regularly43.A.carrying out B.figuring out C.breaking out D.picking out44.A.chosen B.applied C.collected D.connected45.A.efficient plete C.powerful D.positive46.A.actively B.passively C.automatically D.artificially47.A.strange B.similar C.different D.original48.A.fastened B.revealed C.tailored D.released49.A.except for B.instead of C.such as D.due to50.A.producing B.inventing C.promoting D.developing51.A.qualification B.potential C.trend D.intention52.A.normal B.formal C.additional D.alternate53.A.concretely B.abstractly C.thoroughly D.relatively54.A.energy B.strength C.technology D.opportunity55.A.focus B.extend C.improve D.transfer42.A.contributions B.confusions C.feedbacks D.consequences43.A.pilots B.reservations C.costs D.accidents44.A.historically B.enormously C.fundamentally D.domestically45.A.retested B.implemented C.prospected D.reengineered46.A.travels B.developments C.flights munications47.A.disorders B.gains C.bans D.restrictions48.A.happen B.fail C.aim D.promise49.A.taxes B.effects C.viewpoints ments50.A.flooding B.rotting C.repairing D.transferring51.A.standard B.efficiency C.distribution D.consumption52.A.consider B.avoid C.maximize D.demonstrate53.A.greater B.different sting D.direct54.A.airports B.products C.contracts D.replacements55.A.sneezing at B.responding to C.resulting in D.recovering from。
（完整版）2019上海高考英语一模六选四汇编含答案word文档,推荐文档
（完整版）2019上海⾼考英语⼀模六选四汇编含答案word⽂档,推荐⽂档上海⾼考英语题型训练: 六选四2019年⾼三英语第⼀学期期末质量抽查Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Unit 2, 长宁区A. In other words, because we paid off and closed a line of credit, our scores took a hit.B. It is always more important to know how much you are able to earn than to borrow.C. All it tells you is whether you are good at borrowing money and paying it back.D. Believe it or not, these standards allow you to be punished for becoming debt-free!E. These are the reasons why I have stopped worrying about my credit score.F. While all of that is true, it doesn't tell the whole story.Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you'd think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it's more difficult qualify for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan-and more expensive if you're approved for a loan, too, because you won't get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurancepayments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired._______67________First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it's important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing on one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important asfinancial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes:"________68________"FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, users several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history (35 percent), amounts owed(30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit (10 percent), and creditmix (10 percent).________69________ My husband and I enjoyed steady creditscores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously.________70________That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.Your credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment (⾸付) on a home or some other big purchase.But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money. 67-70 FCDAB.C.E.Ecology Center has been monitoring and testing chemical levels in the inside of the car for years, and has noted some improvement. But Gearhart says there is still work to be done.“There are over 200 chemical compounds found in vehicles,” he said. “Since these chemicals are not regulated, consumers have no way of knowing the dangers they face.”________68________ Immediate symptoms can range from a sore throat to headaches, dizziness, etc., depending on the sensitivity of an individual.According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, continued exposure to some of these can lead to reproductiveimpacts and damage to some organs and central nervous system—or even cancer.________69________The danger is the greatest when the car is new, and that new car smell is most noticeable.________70________It is the release of chemical vapors, which leads to the smell. Heat from a vehicle left in the sun can make matters worse, and speed up the chemical reaction.The danger is reduced over time, and experts say the worst is usually over within about six months.Experts advise the best thing that buyers can do to limit exposure is to keep the inside of the car well ventilated (通风的), especially during the first six months of ownership. Park in the shade with the windows open when it’s safe to do so, or at least try to air it out before getting inside—especially on hot days. 67-70 EDAC Unit 4, 奉贤区A.An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actualpractice periods.B.You are more easily annoyed and bothered.C.It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop.D.Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even ifyou don’t like it.E.Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete withyelling, frustration, hurt feelings.If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing.The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be.Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.________67________Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace.________68________ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in thebigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”.Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.________69________They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--中英翻译--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版
One【2021届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .他刚要关闭电脑,就在这时响了. (when)73 .他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢. (on behalf of)74 .我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功,但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好. (worth)75 .不只是一个人的日常言谈举止, 就连他目前正在读的那本书都清楚地向我们说明了他是一个怎样的人.(as well as)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .很多人对他们的潜能一无所知. (ignorant)73 .这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任. (extent)74 .自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平,同各国人民友好相处. 〔long for〕75 .青少年问题的开展趋势值得我们关注和研究,也值得整个社会群策群力,共商对策.〔which〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .这场因无视规那么引发的事故值得我们深思. (ignore)73 .梦想还是要有的,但不努力就不可能实现. 〔unless〕74 .正是这次经历才让我明白,我不该太过忙碌而错过生活的恩赐. 〔It〕75 .当前有一个非常令人费解的现象：一些年轻父母们宁愿把很多钱投资在早教上, 也不愿意带娃旅行开阔眼界.〔would rather〕Four 【2021届上海市长宁区高三英语一模试题1V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功. (ease)73 .遇到紧急情况一定要冷静,否那么可能会造成严重后果. 75.令教练欣慰的是,整个辩论队齐心协力,克服了遇到的各种困难,最终所有的努力都得到了 回报.(reward v.) Five 【2021届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试质V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .遇到突发危险时,人会茫然不知所措,这是很正常的. (which)73 . 一个人究竟怎样才能完成这样一个伟大的工程呢？(How) 74 .在此之前,他从未和那位主编讨论过自己的新书. (Not)(or)74. 我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异,才能防止误会,与他人建立和谐的关系.(Only)75 .情况是在不断地变化,要使自己的思想适应新的情况,就得学习. (adapt)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .我们相约周末去植物园看花展. (appointment)73 .这家超市商品种类繁多,能满足不同的消费需求. (variety)74 .如果父母在教育孩子的问题上意见一致,家庭就会更加和睦. (share)75 .许多学校已将剪纸之类的民间艺术引入课堂,这不但培养了学生的动手水平,也提升了他们的艺术鉴赏力.(not only…)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 . 一股诱人的味道唤起了我们遥远的记忆. (remind)73 .每个人应当牢记：己所不欲,勿施于人. (mind)74 .他如此醉心于古文化研究,这几年一直以健康为代价坚持工作着. (So)75 .不久之后,地铁5号线奉贤段即将通车,这让翘首以盼的奉贤人民冲动不已. (before)Eight【2021届上海市静安区高三英语一模试题】V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.您可联系校办公室了解更多信息. (contact)73.玛丽迫不及待地要使用刚下载的软件. (wait)74 .维生素片能否替代食物为我们提供足够能量仍然未知.(remain)75 .尽管不同学科教师的教学风格不尽相同,他们都密切关注学生的开展. (vary)Nine【2021届上海市崇明区高三英语一模试题jV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .科学家们惊叹于这些植物对城市环境的快速适应. (adaption)73 .我妹妹的课堂笔记一向一目了然,值得学习. (enough)74 .那些源自于中国古代文学的角色在这个网络游戏里获得了新生. (originate)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .晚上别喝太多的咖啡,会睡不着觉的. 〔or〕73 .事实证实,保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险. (It)74 .乐观的人不会过分思念美好的旧时光,由于他们正忙着创造新的回忆. (create)75 .追求稳定并不是什么坏事,很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登顶峰.(when)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .新来的员工经验缺乏,在解决顾客投诉时遇到了麻烦. (have trouble)73 .医生向病人保证,只要他按时服药就没有大碍. (assure)74 .尽管日程安排很紧,他还是报名参加了他同事推荐的那个课程. 〔despite〕75 .直到妻子与他离了婚,他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人, 而不是一心只有工作. 〔until〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .这是他第一次一本正经地评价我的衣着. 〔comment〕73 .住校能使学生有更多的时间和精力投入到学业中. 〔enable〕74 .最让我担忧的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外,似乎对周围的一切都视而不见.〔concern〕75 .正是由于没有抵抗住金钱和名誉的诱惑, 那位知名演员违反了法律,最终她不得不为此付出沉重的代价.〔fail〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .无论幸福的定义如何变化,人们永远不会放弃追求幸福的权利. 〔right〕73 .在团队精神的鼓舞下, 研究小组的每个成员都为新工程做出了自己的奉献. (contribution)74 .越来越多年轻人遭受着精神问题的困扰,这是由日益加增的生活压力造成的.75 .在人类身上使用基因编辑技术是非常危险的.它不仅违背了医学伦理道德,并且可能产生无法预知的后果.(Not)Fourteen【2021届上海市青浦区高三英语一模试题】V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72 .人们普遍认为对颜色的偏爱能反映一个人的性格. 〔It〕73 .平安起见,你最好出发前查一下地图,避开拥堵的路线. (sake)74 .我没想到的是,现在养老院是一床难求. 〔that〕75 .这个乡间度假村至今还没有配备无线网络,这给游客带来诸多不便. 〔equip〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功. (ease)73 .遇到紧急情况一定要冷静,否那么可能会造成严重后果〔or〕74 .我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异,才能防止误会,与他人建立和谐的关系. 〔only〕75 .令教练欣慰的是,整个辩论队齐心协力,克服了遇到的各种困难,最终所有的努力都到了回报.〔〔reward v.〕V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 .交友时不要以貌取人. (base)73 .经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价. (suffer)74 . 2021上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易. (meanwhile)75 .不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯.这样才能成为一名文明的游客. (no matter)。
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2019年高三一模语法填空汇编1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21. __________ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22. __________ (die) from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally 23. __________ (confess) to the crime.24. __________ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25. __________ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Someday in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places tolook for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26. __________ counter-tops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an27. __________ (early) study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28.__________ (use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show 29.__________ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove 30. __________ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just botheryou?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that2.上海市普陀区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great worksof literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly (21)________ Joel Stein’s ManMade: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)________ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23)________ learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide (24)________ to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, (25)________ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26)________ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27)________ (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28)________ this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29)________ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is (30)________ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.21. as 22. the 23. when 24. whether25. driving26. those 27. turned 28.Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that3.上海市徐汇区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate（南方联盟）troops were led by perhaps (21) __________ (honored) military tactician（战略家）in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union（北方联盟）soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) __________ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) __________ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) __________ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) __________ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, (26) __________ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) __________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker be came convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) __________ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) __________ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) __________ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces wit hdrew in defeat.21. the most honored 22. whose 23. had won 24. exhausted 25. may 26. that 27. behind 28. assuring 29. were dismissed 30. to retreat4.上海市杨浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3 million tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) forcommercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.21. although 22. What 23. none 24. growing 25. As 26. Known 27. above28.are exploring 29. to be bred 30. has been reported5. 上海市崇明区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food DeliveryWorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes”, look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) __________ (fast).(22) __________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) __________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) __________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) __________ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) __________ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) __________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28) __________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29) __________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) __________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. beingcaught 29. which 30. that6. 上海市长宁嘉定区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling .“Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharpsaid , “It is the first time（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22) you are going to complain about something , you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew，Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23）_______________(buy)flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery，And when that cemetery(24)________(cover),he moved on to another，and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000graves later. He does it every week(25)____________the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，”They were out there in the rain doing their job,(26)______________(protect)us，”Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27)__________Preston will beat a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland，feel(28)________________(oblige)to join in，”It’s amazing，”Loveland said.”What he’s doing brings(29)_____________out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing whathe does，”It is a movement of young and old，of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did，all led by a proud grandson(30)______________saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21 .have seen 22.if/what/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29.us 30. who/that嘉定区：People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook withthe promise of a fun, free service, (21) ________ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___（22）____ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23)______ they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)____ ____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default （默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)____ (satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26)____ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27)______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done (28)____ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29)______ (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30)______ information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.7. 上海市松江区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Marvel and Disney Remember Stan Lee Today, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) __________ his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) __________ exceed the scale of his imagination.”said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company.Stan Lee loved the (23) __________ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) __________ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company --- Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his readers, (25) __________ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marvel method” of plotting and art, creating some of (26) __________ (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entiregeneration of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge throughStan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) __________ succeeded Lee aseditor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two daysbefore (28) __________ death to discuss the upcomingbook The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think hewas ready to go. But he was still talking aboutdoing more cameos（配角）. (29) _____ _____ _____ hehad the energy for it and didn’t have to travel,Stan was always up (30) __________ (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salutethe life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time youopen a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do8. 上海市宝山区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with herfamily in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldierson the streets, and the country (21) __________ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat,and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country's Jewish population. TheDanes don't know (22) __________ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't knowwhere they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) __________ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) __________ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) __________ (big) than the story itself.Annmarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) __________ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annmarie learns that (27) __________ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) __________ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing （预示）. But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) __________ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowery, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) __________ has made her so celebrated.21.is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/which9. 上海市奉贤区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21)______ (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22)______ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23)______ (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. Itreconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24)______ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) ______ ______ you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26)______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more importantthan (27)______ was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with (29)_______ who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30)______ raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21.have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit24.to grow 25. so that26. which 27.what 28. Given/Having been given29.those 30. despite/though/ although10.上海市闵行区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21) ______ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice.(22) ______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) ______ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) ______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things g o wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In health care, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) ______ ______ learning from failure, health care often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error.(30) ______ health care learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining24. failing25. What 26.which / that 27. it28.instead of29. are repeated 30. Until / Unless11. 上海市浦东新区区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) _________ (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) _________ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) _________ may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) _________ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growingregions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) _________ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) _________ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) (27) _________ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) _________ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which youget when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It couldbe silenced (29) _________ shellfish have beenstruggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) _________ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that12. 上海市静安区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型"I love the work and experience I've gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management .Also, I've been told I can't ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will(21)____________(leave)within a year hurt my professional reputation?"The answer is," it depends."When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economicclimate(23)________ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow look suspicious (24)________you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they(25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player. Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26)_____ assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) ______ an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets.So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire (28) ______ (develop) professionally. “It’s a tough decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it (29) ______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I will become (30) ______ (competitive) down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. something(it加0.5) 23.where 24. whatever 25. will question/question。