中石油2016通用英语选读课文36To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命
中石油2016通用英语选读课文19
19.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理1.International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country.There are several reasons why international trade exists.1、国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
这样做的原因是多方面的（可译为：国际贸易存在的原因是多方面的）。
2.The distribution<分配，分布>of natural resources around the world is somewhat haphazard<偶然的>:some nations possess<拥有>natural deposits in excess of<超过>their own requirements while other nations have none.For example,Britain has large reserves<储备> of coal<煤>but lacks many minerals<矿物质>such as nickel<镍>,copper<铜>,aluminum<铝>,etc.,w hereas the Arab states have vast oil deposits but little else.In the cultivation<栽培，培植>of natural products climate plays a decisive role.Some products will only grow in tropical<热带的> climates whereas others,such as citrus<柑橘类植物> fruits，require a Mediterranean<地中海的> climate.Moreover<此外>,some nations are unable to produce sufficient quantities of a particular product to satisfy a large home demand.For example,Britain does not produce enough wheat<小麦>to meet the needs of its population.These are the reasons why international trade first began.2、世界自然资源的分布是带有随意性的。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文
4 How to Negotiate<谈判> with Americans如何与美国人谈判1.美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。
它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和“首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几年内还将保持。
但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。
2.美国的商业，在《纽约，纽约》这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!” 但是愉快的做生意的方法是绝对不够的。
虽然在美国的商业沟通是愉快的和自在的，但是它同时也因为不讲情面而成为焦点。
3.沟通是美国人与生俱来的才能。
双方谈判的时候，闲聊和微笑是很重要的。
美国人比英国人更幽默也更直接。
（that 引导定语从句，可以译为：美国人自由地使用幽默感，这种幽默感比英国人更加直接。
）如果你和美国人谈话，要很放松并且要准备很多笑话来吸引听众的注意力。
4.美国人不拘礼节。
商业伙伴不会在他们的名片上写他们的毕业院校。
会议期间会提供一些用塑料瓶或盒子装的三明治和饮料。
你的生意伙伴很可能会在办公室随意地做一些事情或聊他们的家庭。
5.“时间就是金钱”这种态度在美国的生意场上的影响力比其他任何领域都强。
在简单的寒暄之后，美国谈判双方很快地切入主题，甚至社会上举办的联欢会都会被利用来讨论生意。
6.美国人做生意很注重实效，他们就是想赢。
相比之下，发展与商业伙伴的个人关系（与得到的谈判结果相比）就不是那么重要了。
7.而且美国谈判者想最快地获得结果。
金融情况时刻受到关注（或直译为“财务业绩每季上报”），这对在短期内保证收益很重要。
因此，许多美国契约在前言里面包含“时间就是生命”这一条款。
所以美国人谈判很性急，但这不应该被理解为无礼，而是因为“时间就是金钱”的理念在起作用。
8.因为战略合作和其他的长期项目都是以其潜在的快速投资回报率来进行评价的，这种态度会对谈判有很大的影响。
(本句也可译为：“时间就是金钱”的这种态度对谈判具有很大的影响，因为，战备合作和其他的长期项目都是以获得快速投资回报的潜能来进行评价的。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文48The Conscious Use of the Subconscious Mind对潜意识的有意识利用
48 The Conscious<有意识> Use of the Subconscious Mind<潜意识>对潜意识的有意识利用1.Nearly all of us have had the experience of riding on a train with no one to talk to,or of sitting through<一直挺到结束> a concert<音乐会> or lecture to which we were not really listening,and having ideas tumble over<打翻，乱扔，绊倒，反复思考> themselves in our minds. This is the subconscious<adj下意识的>mind at work,taking advantage of<利用>the relaxed state of the conscious mind.It is capable of<能够> doing much of our best thinking and of helping us solve our most perplexing<adj复杂的，令人困惑的> problems.It can bring to bear on all our affairs far more wisdom and experience than our conscious minds command.1.几乎所有人都有过这种经历，独自一人坐在火车上没有人聊天，或是听音乐会或讲座时思想开小差，脑子里的念头此起彼伏。
这就是潜意识利用了有意识的大脑的放松状态在起作用，它能够很好地思维并且帮助我们解决最复杂的问题，其机智和熟练程度甚至比有意识的头脑更强。
中石油2016年职称英语考题及参考答案
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD. prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
【释义】brag v.吹嘘；自吹自擂lie v.躺；说谎；撒谎；在于boast v.自夸；自吹自擂；有（值得自豪的东西）secretive adj.（思想、情感等）不外露的；惯于掩藏自己的；有城府的feel awkward 为难；作难；犯难3、The employee had to break off the conversation in order to wait on his manger.A. continueB. hurryC. beginD. discontinue【参考答案】D【出处】MBA联考大纲英语词组。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记_第1-10课
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013新增)【2013阅读题】 (4)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的 (8)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013新增) (11)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料 (16)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版新增) (19)7. OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (23)8. THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (26)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (30)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (34)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】 a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting management【管理，regulation】.如果要求你主持一个会议，记住以下有关主持会议的六大准则。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》_第1-10课 课后练习及答案
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试课后练习及答案目录1.SIX GOLDEN RULES FOR MEETING MANAGEMENT主持会议六大准则（2016新增） (2)2. NETWORK SECURITY 网络安全(2013版) (2)3 .ALL I LEARNED IN KINDERGARTEN 幼儿园所学的... . (4)4. HOW TO NEGOTIATE WITH AMERICANS 如何与美国人谈判(2013版) (5)5.CARBON-BASED ALTERNATIVE 碳基替代燃料（2010版） (7)6. AUTOMATIC AUTO: A CAR THAT DRIVES ITSELF 无人驾驶汽车(2013版) (9)7 OUR FAMILY CREED 家族的信条（2007版） (11)8 THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING 公共演讲的艺术(2007版) (13)9. OIL AND GAS GENERATION油气生成（2016版新增） (16)10.THE DRESS CODE FOR OFFICE LIFE办公室的着装礼仪（2016版新增） (16)1.Six Golden Rules for Meeting Management主持会议六大准则（2016新增）课后练习：1.If you are asked to chair【主持，椅子】a meeting, remember the following six golden rules for meeting ____.A. treatmentB.requirementC.managementD.improvement2.If you begin on time, group members who ____ late will realize the value of time.A.bring upe upC.dress upD.show up3. You may need to refer back to【查阅，重新提及】an issue ____ was discussed during the meeting at a later date.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where4. ____, we often hear only what we want to hear, rather than【而不是】really listening to other people.A.TraditionallyB.AdditionallyC.ConditionallyD.Exceptionlly5.Many times important issues can get sidetracked【转变话题的】in a meeting, _____ when everyone has a different opinion about the topic.A.essentiallyB.entirellyC.extremelyD.especially6. If you ____ a conflict【冲突】prior to【在……之前】the meeting, discuss the issue with participants【参与者】in advance【提前】.A.anticipateB.participateC.preserveD.announce7. If an unanticipated【不曾预料到的】conflict develops once the meeting is in progress 【进行中】, either appoint a subcommittee【小组委员会】to ____ the problemA.look intoB.look onC. look overD.look through答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5D 6A 7A2. Network Security 网络安全(2013版)课后练习：1.Internet ____ theft 【失窃】is a growing—and very costly【昂贵的，expensive】—problemA.identifyB.identityC. identicalD.identification2. All offers ____ require payment【付款】or private information before giving an award 【奖品】are bogus【假冒的】.A.whatB.whoC.whoseD.that3. Take the time to ____ the validity【合法性】of an offer.A.check outB.look outC.make outD.pick out4.Thoroughly【彻底地】conduct a background【背景】check【核实】on the company, ____ as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A.madeB.makesC.makingD.make5. If ____, visit a local law enforcement【执行】office and ask their opinion.A.in doubtB.in caseC.in conditionD.in detail6. ____ people who report such crimes, ____ criminals are arrested.A. the more; the moreB. the more; moreC. more; moreD. the most; the most答案：1B 2D 3A 4C 5A 6A补充练习：1. Use the ____ version of your web browser.A. laterB. lastC. latestD. late2. ____ conduct a background check on the company, making as many phone calls and Internet searches as you can.A. ThoughB. ThroughlyC. ThorughD. Thoroughly3. Don't ____ secure websites using public Wi-Fi.A. accessB. acessC. processD. accesses4. Sign up for alerts ____ your mobile phone or email.A. to send toB. to be sent toC. to be sentD. to sent to5. your bank and credit card accounts weekly.A. monitoB. monitoredC. monitorD. monitoring答案：1C 2D 3A 4B 5C3 .All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的…课后练习：1.Grandpa ___ to water the flowers now, It’s going to rain soon.A.isn’t needingB.needn’tC.doesn’t needD.needs2.Have you watered the flower? I don’t think this kind of flower need ____ every day.A.waterB.wateringC.be wateredD.being watered3.___ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThonghD.When4.____ interesting story it is!A.What aB.thatC.whichD.since5. Put things back ____ you found them. (2010年考题)A.whereB.thatC.whichD.since6.You ___ yourself about money(2010年考题)A.need not worryB.have worryC. are not being worriedD.need’n be worried7. No matter how old you are, when you go out into the world, it _____ to hold hands and stick together.A. would betterB. had betterC. be betterD. is better8. Goldfish and hamsters all die. ________.A. So do usB. So we doC. So are weD. So do we9. Think of what a better world ______ if we all had cookies and milk about 3 o’clock every afternoon.A. would it beB. it would beC. will it beD. it going to be答案：1C 2B 3A 4A 5A 6A 7D 8D 9B补充练习：1、When you go out into the world, watch for traffic, hold hands and _____ together.A. stickB. stuckC. strikeD. struck2. Put things back _______ you found them.A. whatB. whileC. whereD. which3. It would be a better world if we all _____ with our blankets for a nap.A. lay downB. laid downC. lain downD. lied down4. Don't take things .A. that aren't yoursB. which aren’t youC. that aren’t youD. which are n’t yours答案：1A 2C 3A 4A4. How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判(2013版)课后练习：1.___ wants to succeed【成功】in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.A.WhoeverB.whateverC.whomeverD.whenever2. Yet a euphoric approach to business is ___ enough.A. by all meansB. by means ofC. by no meansD. by means for3. he attitude【态度】"time is money" has more ___ on business communication in the US than it does anywhere else.A.discussB.containC.evaluateD.influence4.Present【介绍】and market【推销】your case in a ___ way.A.positiveB.possibleC.previousD.private5.When doing business in the US, you should take the following considerations into ___.A.adventureB.accountC.adviceD.ambition答案：1A 2C 3D 4A 5B补充练习：1. Its business culture, ____has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", ___ commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so.A. which; has leadedB. which; has been leadingC. that; has leadedD. that; has been leading2. Yet a euphoric approach _____ business is by no means enough.A. intoB. withC. toD. on3. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ____ focused.A. ruthlessB. ruthlesslyC. ruthlessness4. ____ a personal relationship with the business partner is not as important as ____ results.A. Developing; gettingB. Developing; to getC. To develop; gettingD. To develop; to get5. For this reason, many US __ contain the provision "time is of the essence" within their preamble.A. contactsB. contentsC. contendsD. contracts6. The negotiation will ___ in a well-prepared, calm and pragmatic manner, all laced ___a substantial dose of humor.A. proceed; withB. process; withC. process; inD. proceed; in7. Religion, politics or ethnic background should be touched on ___.A. cautiouslyB. cautiousnessC. cautiousD. caution8. Do not ____ your negotiating partners' relaxed style of communication.A. are misled byB. misled byC. be misled byD. be misled9. The casual attitude in the US does not mean ___ no hierarchy in US companies.A. that isB. there isC. there areD. that are答案：1B 2C 3B 4A 5D 6A 7A 8C 9B5.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料（2010版）课后练习：1. Although recent years have seen ______ reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing.A. substantialB. substanceC. submitD. subjective2.The number of such vehicles ___ steadily increasingA.have beenB.had beenC.having beenD.has been3.There is a serious liability ___ performance and fuel efficiency.A.in time ofB.in case ofC.in terms ofD.in honour of4.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is _____ Great BritainA.three times as big asB.three times as bigger asC. as three times big asD.as three times gigger as5. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about ___ methanolA.twice as expensive asB. twice as more expensive asC. as twice more expensive asD. as twice expensive as6. the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. ____, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide that exceed legally established limits.【2010年考题】A.ContinuouslyB.ConsequentlyC.ConsantlyD.Consistently7. All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels _______ molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose8. The hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to _____ ozone.A generalB generationC generateD generous9. The combustion of larger molecules, _____ have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involvesa more complex series of reactions.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. who10. Ethanol is commonly used ____ a gasoline supplementA.forB.toC.byD.as11.Henry and Tom ___ to the particles at the Trade Union every Saturday(2010年考题)ed to goB.were used to goC.are used to goD.ues to go12. Vehicles ____ only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.A. corporateB.cooperatingC. operatingD. incorporating答案：1A 2D 3C 4A 5A 6D 7D 8C 9B 10D 11A 12D补充练习：1. Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles ____ .A. have been steadily increasingB. has been steadily increasedC. has been steadily increasingD. have been steadily increased2. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone that _____ legally established limits.A. succeedB. proceedC. exceedD. excess3. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle _____ is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. permissionB. emissionC. omissionD. Mission4. There is a growing realization that the only ___ way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. Supplement5. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likelyto _____ uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere.A. leaseB. releaseC. pleaseD. relief6. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have _____.A. drawbacksB. setbackC. drawerD. backward7. Ethanol and methanol have important advantages _____ other carbon-based alternative fuels.A. onB. overC. byD. with8. It is currently about ______ as methanol.A. twice as expensive asB. as twice expensive asC. as expensive twice asD. expensive as twice as9. Methanol's most attractive feature is that it can reduce ____ about 90 percent the vehicle emissions.A. ofB. inC. onD. by10. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more ____ than gasoline clone vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel.A. effectiveB. efficientC. sufficientD. supplement答案：1C 2C 3B 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10B6. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车(2013版)课后练习：1.The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors ___ in global positioning satellite signals.A.arisingB.riseC.raiseD.arouse2. GM envisions【设想，想象】a system ___ the Mobility InternetA.callingB.callC.callsD.called3. How much control you want to turn over to the car may __ your age and where youare goingA.depend onB.call one onD.go on4. On vacation with the family the driver may want to __ and talk to the kidsA.turn upB.turn toC.turn onD.turn around5. Taking the fun out of the driving is not our main goal—we'd like to help people enjoy __A. to driveB.driveC.drivesD.driving6. But they should make the ___ if they want to drive or (they) press the autopilotbutton.A.decisionB.decideC.departureD.depart答案：1A 2D 3A 4D 5A补充练习：1. It is an early step toward a robo-car that can drive itself, perhaps ____ .A. better than youB. better than you canC. better you can2. The TTS run will demonstrate ____ the car can take curves as fast as a human driver—without driving off a cliff.A. asB. thatC. whenD. whether3. The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals ____ they travel through the ionosphere and troposphere.A. asB. thatC. whatD. where4. Second, the car needs ____ collisions.A. to be able to avoidB. being able to avoidC. to be able to avoiding5. Some of these capabilities have already hit the street, and others %___ in tests.A. has been demonstratedB. have been demonstratedC. have demonstrated6. GM envisions a system ___ connects intelligent cars to each other and to remote servers in a vast, moving peer-to-peer network that would let them ____ efficiently and in sync.A. that; to travelB. which; travelC. where; travelD. that; travel7. How much control you want to turn over to the car(主语) may depend on your age and ____.A. where are you goingB. where you are goingC. where do you go toD. that you are going8. Taking the fun out of the driving（主语）is not our main goal—we'd like to ___.A. help people to enjoy to driveB. help people enjoy to driveC. help people enjoy drivingD. help people enjoying to drive答案：1B 2D 3A 4A 5B 6D 7B 8C考点：使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的“不完全”及物动词，主要有make(使,令)，let(让)，help(帮助)，have(叫)等，其后的不定式“不带to”。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第31-40课-课文精讲.pdf
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录31 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版) (2)32 THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH加利福尼亚淘金热 (2016新增) (6)33 WHAT DO PARENTS OWE THEIR CHILDREN 父母欠子女什么？ (11)34 SHOULD YOU GO ORGANIC? 你应该“有机”吗？（N2016新增） (15)35 YOU BET YOUR LIFE 以命相赌 (20)36 TO BE CONTENT WITH ONE'S LOT乐天知命 (24)37 I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO TEACH UNTIL I MET YOU 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (30)38 RESERVOIR PRODUCTION MECHANISMS油藏开采机理（2016新增） (34)39 A $210,000 WALLET 价值21万美元的钱包 (38)40 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN HANDLING PEOPLE 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (42)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
31 Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版)【2007版，2010版，2013版，2016版】【2011年第7、8段翻译】1. Petroleum geology is the application【应用，接to】of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration【勘探】for and production【生产】of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly 【牢牢地】based on 【建立在…基础上】chemistry, physics, and biology, involving【包括】the application【后接to】of essentially【本质上】abstract【adj.抽象的，n.文摘】concepts to observed【观察的】data【资料】. In the past these data were basically【基本上】observation 【观察】and subjective【主观的】, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore【因此】more objective【客观的】. Geology, in general【总的来说】, and petroleumgeology, in particular【特别，尤其】value judgements based on experience and an assessment【评估】of validity【有效性】among the data presented.1、石油地质学是地质学（岩石研究）在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
中石油2016通用英语选读课文03
3 All I Learned in Kindergarten幼儿园所学的1.Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten<幼儿园>.Wisdom<智慧> was not at the top of the graduate<研究生、研究院>mountain,but there in the sandpile<（n.供儿童玩的）沙堆>at nursery school<n.幼儿园nursery<苗圃>>．1.大部分在生活中真正需要的，包括怎样生活，该做些什么，又该怎样去做，这些都是我在幼儿园时学会的。
智慧不在研究生院的山巅之上，而在幼儿园的沙堆里。
2.These are the things I learned：Share everything. Play fair．Don’t hit people．Put things back where you found them. Clean up<清理>your own mess<自己的烂摊子mess<混乱>>．Don’t take things that aren’t yours．Say you’re sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you eat. Warm cookies<饼干> and cold milk are good for you．Live a balanced<平衡的>life．Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday some．2.以下就是我从幼儿园中学到的。
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36 To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命（be content with 对…满足；lot n. 命运）1. Peter Hessler described two lifestyles and asked his Chinese students to choose the one they preferred, either a very long yet<但是> ultimately<adv 最后，最终，终于，根本，基本上>average<平常的，平均的>and uneventful<adj 平凡的，无特别事件的> life, or a very exciting, fun-filled life that only lasted 24 years. Almost all of his 20 something<大约，左右> year old students chose the first option. This surprised Peter because, from his experience with American youths, he was sure the Americans wouldn't have chosen a long, uneventful life.1、彼得•赫斯勒请他的中国学生在以下两种生活方式中选择其一：一种是平庸却长寿，另一种是只能活24年却享乐无比。
那些20岁左右的学生们几乎都选择了第一种生活。
彼得十分惊讶，在他看来美国青年并不会如此一致地选择平庸但长寿的生活（可译为：这令彼得十分惊讶，因为以他对美国青年的经验，他认定他们不会选择平庸但长寿的生活）。
2. The Chinese traditionally think an uneventful, but long life is better than a short life full of fun and adventure. There's even an idiom<习语>for the traditional Chinese attitude, "A good death is worse than a lazy life." This saying<谚语>reveals<显示，揭露>a deeply ingrained<adj根深蒂固的，彻底的> sense of optimism<乐观> and acceptance of fate<宿命>. It's nothing at all like the Western idea of heroes made through tragedy<n悲剧>.2、无聊无趣但天长地久地活下去，好过冒生命之险求得享乐的短命，这似乎是中国传统的价值观(直译为：具有传统观念的中国人认为：平凡但长寿要好过沉浸于快乐与冒险的短寿)。
有习语为证：“好死不如赖活着。
”它透露出根深蒂固的乐观与宿命。
与英雄产生于悲剧的西方价值观完全不同(It's nothing at all；at all 根本；完全，用于否定句中)。
3. 30 years ago, at the beginning of China's reform<改革>, a group of intellectuals<知识分子>believed the acceptance of one's lot would hurt the growth of the People's Republic<中华民族>. The way they saw it, the Westerners' "seafaring culture<航海文化，蓝色文明>" had allowed them to expand<扩展，扩张> and advance while China's "agrarian culture<耕地文化，黄土文化>" had shut the country off from the world and kept it focusing on itself.3、30年前改革开放之初，一批知识分子认为乐天知命、安于本分的传统观念有害于中华民族的发展。
在他们看来，西方的“蓝色文明”使其开放、进步；（allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事）而中国的“黄土文化”使之封闭、守旧（shut off 切断；keepdoing sth. 一直做某事；focus on 集中于）。
4. Researching the unique<独特的，独一无二的> traits<n特性，显著的特点> ofa nationality<民族> can reveal a number of interesting features<特色，特征，特点>. David N. Keightly is a professor of history at the University of California Berkeley and he made a study of the unique attitudes of the Chinese people. He believed their acceptance of fate originates from<来自，起源于>a geographical<地理的>standpoint<立场，观点>. The birthplace of the Chinese civilization<文明> is the Central Plains where the climate has less variation<变化> than the Mediterranean<地中海>or the Near East. China's two main rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, both run from West to East, and don't change much in latitude<纬度>. This means the cultivation<n耕作，培养，教养> both upstream<河流上游> and downstream<河流下游>are very similar. This uniformity<n均匀性，一致>of the agrarian culture<耕地文明>reduced the incentive<n动机，刺激adj激动的> for mutual<adj共同的，相互的>trade and the need for people to travel very far. Hence, the exchange of thoughts, ideas and technology became restricted<受限制的> and the ancient<古代的>Chinese culture tended to isolate<使隔离，孤立> itself within their regions of influence.4、研究一个民族的某种特性是件有趣的事情（直译为：研究一个民族的特质可以揭示许多有趣的事情）。
美国加州大学伯克利分校的历史学教授大卫•凯特利研究分析了中国人乐天知命的特性。
他认为这种特性源于中国特有的地理环境。
与地中海和近东地区相比，中国文明的发祥地中原地区的气候类型更加有规律可寻(直译为：中国文明的发源地是在中原地区，这里的气候与地中海和近东地区相比，更加缺少变化)。
中国的两大主要河流——黄河和长江——都是自西向东流，而且它们的纬度变化也不大，这意味着河流上游和下游所种植的农作物类型差别不大。
因此就缺乏了相互贸易的动力，中国的古代文明自然就成为农耕文明（直译为：上下游“耕地文明”的一致性减少了相互贸易的动力及人们向更远处旅行的必要）。
而那些很少旅行的人们就没有可能去交流思想和技术，封闭由此产生（直译为：因此交流思想和技术受到限制，中国古文化趋于在自身势力范围内自我封闭）。
5. According to<根据> Professor Keightly's theory, the climate of ancient China was very good. This would create a sense of optimism<n乐观主义> in the Chinese culture. In comparison<相比较之下>, the people of the Mediterranean and the Near East had to face more natural disasters<灾难> and were less optimistic. Besides the geographical factor which influences the development of cultures, Keightley believes the Chinese practice<惯例> of<有…的习惯>ancestor<祖先> worship<崇拜>has significantly influenced the makeup<特性>of the Chinesepeople. Keightley says, "I believe, the cultures that engage in<从事于，参加，忙于>ancestor worship are going to be conservative<保守的> cultures. They're not going to find new things attractive because, that will be a challenge<挑战>to the ancestors. There's no room in this culture for a skeptic<n怀疑者>."5、凯特利教授相信中国古代的气候良好（直译为：根据凯特利教授的理论，中国古代的气候良好），因此生成了中国文化中的那种乐观主义。