The Ancient Greeks part 2
英语作文古希腊神话故事
In the realm of ancient narratives, the stories of the Greeks stand out as a testament to the rich tapestry of their culture and imagination. The myths of ancient Greece have been passed down through generations, captivating audiences with their tales of gods, heroes, and the human condition. These stories, deeply rooted in the beliefs and daily life of the ancient Greeks, offer a unique glimpse into their world and the values they held dear.One of the most fascinating aspects of Greek mythology is the pantheonof gods and goddesses that the people worshipped. At the center of this divine family was Zeus, the king of the gods, who ruled from the heights of Mount Olympus. His wife, Hera, the queen of the gods, was known for her jealousy and often sought to undermine her husbands exploits. The gods were depicted as powerful, yet flawed beings, reflecting the complexitiesof human nature.Athena, the goddess of wisdom, was revered for her intelligence and strategic prowess. She was the patron deity of the city of Athens, where the Parthenon stands as a testament to her influence. Apollo, the god of music, poetry, and prophecy, was celebrated for his artistic talents and his role as a healer. These deities, along with many others, formed a complex web of relationships and rivalries that played out in the myths.Heroes, too, were central figures in Greek mythology. The story of Hercules, or Heracles as he was known in Greece, is one of the most wellknown. Hercules was a demigod, the son of Zeus and a mortal woman, and was tasked with completing the Twelve Labors as penance for a terrible crime.His strength and perseverance in the face of seemingly insurmountable challenges have made him a symbol of courage and determination.Another legendary hero is Perseus, who embarked on a perilous quest to rescue his mother and claim the throne of Argos. His encounter with Medusa, a Gorgon whose gaze could turn men to stone, is a tale filled with suspense and ingenuity. Perseus use of a mirrored shield to avoid direct eye contact with Medusa and his eventual beheading of the monster is a story that continues to resonate with themes of cunning and bravery.The story of Orpheus and Eurydice is a poignant tale of love and loss. Orpheus, a skilled musician, was so heartbroken by the death of his wife Eurydice that he journeyed to the Underworld to bring her back to life. His music moved even the cold heart of Hades, the god of the dead, who agreed to release Eurydice on one condition: Orpheus must not look back at her until they had both left the Underworld. Tragically, Orpheus inability to resist one final glance resulted in Eurydice being pulled back into the realm of the dead, a reminder of the fragility of human relationships and the consequences of our actions.Greek myths also served as cautionary tales, warning against the dangers of hubris, or excessive pride. The story of Icarus and his father Daedalus is a prime example. Daedalus, a skilled craftsman, created wings made of feathers and wax for himself and his son to escape from the island of Crete. However, Icarus, in his exuberance, ignored his fathers warnings and flew too close to the sun, causing the wax to melt and leading to his tragic fall into the sea.These myths were not only entertaining but also educational, imparting moral lessons and providing a framework for understanding the world. They were a means of preserving cultural identity and values, and they continue to influence modern literature, art, and even scientific nomenclature.The enduring appeal of Greek mythology lies in its timeless themes and its ability to explore the depths of human emotion and experience. The stories of gods and heroes, of love and loss, of triumph and tragedy, continue to captivate us, reminding us of our shared humanity and the universality of our struggles and aspirations. As we delve into these ancient tales, we find not only a reflection of the Greeks world but also a mirror to our own.。
古希腊神话之奥德修斯(下)
Notes to the Story of Odysseus (下):00:10 Blocking his way are bloodthirsty monsters,00:13 enchanting seductresses,00:15 treacherous seas and angry gods.阻碍奥德修斯归家的有嗜血的怪兽、迷人的海妖、暗藏危险的大海，还有那愤怒的神灵。
00:29 To us it is myth,00:31 but to the ancients it was reality00:34 and perhaps even a blueprint for one of the Christian gospels.对于我们这是一个神话，而对于古人这却是现实，也许甚至还是基督教福音书的源泉。
01:38 As Odysseus battles danger on the high seas,01:41 his wife, Penelope, anxiously awaits his return01:44 and wonders if she has become a sailor's widow.01:48 Meanwhile, a rogue's gallery of suitors is knocking at her door,01:52 pressuring her to forget her husband and marry again.就在奥德修斯与大海上的种种危险搏斗的时候，他的妻子，珀涅罗珀，焦急的等待着他的归来，她很想知道自己是否已经成了寡妇。
与此同时，一群无耻的求婚者正在骚扰她的家门，他们企图让她忘记她的丈夫，择人另嫁。
04:46 Poseidon, one of the most powerful gods,04:49 has this personal antipathy to Odysseus.波塞冬，最强大的神祇之一，对奥德修斯十分反感。
古希腊神话英文介绍
His bird is the eagle, his tree is the oak .
He is married to Hera but,is famous for his many
affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break
However, he married the most beautiful goddess- Aphrodite (阿弗洛狄德)
Apollo 阿波罗
Son of Zeus.
God of sun.
God of healing who taught man medicine.
God of truth , who can not speak a lie.
Poseidon 波塞冬
Brother of Zeus .
God of the sea , Protector of all waters.
His weapon is a trident (三叉戟) , Which can shake the earth , and shatter Any object.
古希腊神话英文介绍
Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks about the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. 希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和 普通人类之间的关系。
西方文化导论第一次测验Test_1
Test 11．Two of the elements in European culture are considered to be more enduring and they are the __Greco-Roman__element and the _Judeo-Christian____ element.2．In a more remote period of Greek history，probably around__1200 B. C.____, a war was fought between Greece and Troy．3．Greek culture reached a high point of development in the__5th___ century B．C．4．The 5th century B．C．closed with civil war between__Athens___ and ___Sparta___ in Greece．5．In the second half of the _4th____ century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of__Alexander___, King of Macedon.6．In___146___B．C．the Romans conquered Greece.7. Athens was a democracy，where only the adult ___male___ citizens had the rights.8. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of___slave____ labour.9. The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years，they had a big festival on _OlympusMount_____ whichincluded contests of sports10. Revised in___1896___, the Games have become the world’S foremost ameteur sportscompetition.11. Ancient Greeks considered__Homer___ to be the author of their epics：the Iliad.12. Homer probably lived around__700 B. C.___.13.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of__Troy___.14. The heroes are Hector on the__Troy___side and and Achilles and Odysseus on the__Greek_____.15. In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the ___Greeks___.16. The Odyssey deals with the __return___of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island Ithaca.17. The Odyssey describes many adventures Odysseus ran into on his long voyage and how he was reunited with his faithful __wife____Penelope.18.Countless writers have quoted, adapted, borrowed from and otherwise used __Homer’s____epics.19. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets (Byron, Shelley and Keats) expressed their _admiration____ of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics.20 In the 20th century, there are _Homeric____parallels in the Irishman James Joyce's modernist masterpiece Ulysses.21. Early in their remote past，the Greeks started to perform plays at__religious___ Festivals.22. Out of these origins a powerful drama developed in the _____ century B.C.23. P erformances were given in__open-air___ theaters，with the audience sitting on _stone____ benches and looking down at the stage from __three__ sides.___Euripides____.25. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid__character__ portrayal and majestic __poetry____.Aeschylus wrote such plays as__Prometheus Bound____, ___ Persians___ and __Agamemnon______.Sophocles was the author of plays like __Oedipus the King_____, ___Electra_____ and ____Antigone____.28. Oedipus the King is the story of a man who unknowingly committed aterrible sin by killing his __father___ and marrying his___mother_____.29. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmun d Freud’s term “__The Oedipus Complex_______” derived from Sophocles’s play.30. Euripides wrote mainly about___women____ in such plays as __Andromache____, ___Medea____ and ___Trojan women_____.31. Aristophanes wrote such plays as __Frogs_____, ___Clouds_______, ____ Wasps_______ and _____Birds________.32. Pythagoras was the founder of ____scientific mathematics________.33. Euclid is even now well—known for his Elements，a textbook of ___geometry_____, perhaps the most successful textbook ever written，because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century.34. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in his famous ___Dialogues_____.35. The method of argument Socrates used in exposing fallacies has come to be known as the ___dialectical____method.36.Plato’s Dialogues are important not only as____philosophical___ writing but also ___imaginative_____ as literature.38. Of the Dialogues Plato wrote，27 have survived，including ___the Apology____, ___Symposium____ and ____the Republic____.39. Plato’s comprehensive system of philosophy dealt with, among other things，the problem of how，in the complex，ever-changing world，men were to attain ___knowledge____.40. Of Aristotle’s numerous works，the following are perhaps still important to scholars and general readers alike：Ethics, Politics Poetics and Rhetoric41.A ristotle’s Rhetoric dealt with the art of __persuading____an audience.42. To students of literature，Aristotle’s most influential writing is__Poetics_____.43. The most important of the temples the ancient Greeks left us is ___Parthenon______, which has always been a great tourist attraction for people all over the world.44. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles：the __Doric____ style, ___Ionic______style and ___Corinthian____style.45. Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the __Renaissance_____ in Italy and other European countries.46. Karl Marx，once wrote about the Greeks：“Why should’t the childhood of human society．．．exercise an eternal charm，as _____an age will never return___________?”47. The Greeks invented mathematics and science and philosophy；they first wrote history as opposed to mere annals；they speculated freely about the _nature_____of the world and the ends of life，without being bound in the fetters of any inherited orthodoxy．48. The Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of ___human endeavor______.49. The Greeks set an example by the bold effort they made to understand the world by the use of______human reason_____.50. The burning of Corinth in __146 B.C._____ marked the Roman conquest of Greece，which was then reduced to a province of the Roman Empire．。
世界古代知名遗迹英文版
世界古代知名遗迹英文版The World's Ancient Renowned RuinsThe world is home to a plethora of ancient ruins that bear witness to the passage of time and the ingenuity of past civilizations These ruins not only offer a glimpse into the history and culture of bygone eras but also inspire awe and curiosity in people of all generationsOne of the most famous ancient ruins is the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt Standing majestically on the west bank of the Nile River, these massive structures are a testament to the architectural prowess and engineering skills of the ancient Egyptians The Great Pyramid of Khufu, the largest of the three, is a remarkable feat of construction Built over thousands of years ago, it still stands as a symbol of the pharaoh's power and the afterlife beliefs of the ancient Egyptians The precision with which the stones were cut and placed is astonishing, and the mystery surrounding their construction continues to intrigue scholars and visitors alikeAnother remarkable ancient ruin is the Machu Picchu in Peru Hidden high in the Andes Mountains, this Inca citadel was abandoned centuries ago and remained unknown to the outside world until relatively recently The stone structures, terraces, and intricate irrigation systems showcase the advanced agricultural and architectural knowledge of the Incas The breathtaking views and the sense of isolation make Machu Picchu a truly magical placeThe Roman Colosseum in Italy is an icon of ancient Roman architecture This massive amphitheater was once the site of gladiatorial contests and other spectacles Its grandeur and the sophistication of its design demonstrate the might and entertainmentdriven culture of the Roman Empire The arches, corridors, and seating areas still evoke the excitement and drama of the events that took place within its wallsThe Parthenon in Athens, Greece, is a masterpiece of classical Greek architecture Dedicated to the goddess Athena, it represents the pinnacle of Greek artistic and architectural achievement The elegant columns, pediments, and sculptures are a testament to the aesthetic ideals and religious beliefs of the ancient GreeksThe Angkor Wat in Cambodia is a sprawling temple complex that is a remarkable example of Khmer architecture The detailed carvings, towers, and basreliefs depict scenes from Hindu mythology and the history of the Khmer Empire The complex's layout and design reflect the religious and political importance it held in ancient timesThe Petra in Jordan, carved directly into the sandstone cliffs, is a hidden gem of the ancient world The rosecolored rock facades and elaborate tombs and temples create a surreal and enchanting atmosphere This ancient Nabatean city was once a vital trading hub and its existence showcases the adaptability and creativity of its peopleThese ancient ruins are not just piles of stones and remnants of the past; they are living testaments to the human spirit, creativity, and determination They offer us a connection to our ancestors and a deeper understanding of the diverse cultures and civilizations that have shaped our world Visitingthese sites is like stepping back in time and experiencing the grandeur and complexity of ancient societiesEach ruin has its unique story to tell, and as we explore them, we uncover the mysteries and legacies of those who came before us They remind us of the impermanence of human achievements and the importance of preserving our heritage for future generations The study and conservation of these ancient ruins are crucial to ensuring that their significance and beauty are not lost to the sands of timeIn conclusion, the world's ancient知名 ruins are invaluable treasures that continue to fascinate and educate us They serve as a bridge between the past and the present, allowing us to appreciate the rich tapestry of human history and the remarkable achievements of our predecessors。
小学上册第五次英语第4单元期末试卷
小学上册英语第4单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ancient Greeks wrote plays about ________.2.What is the main ingredient in spaghetti?A. RiceB. FlourC. WheatD. Corn3.My dad is a skilled __________ (木匠).4.I have a special talent: I can ______ (跳舞) very well! I love to perform for my family and friends.5. A __________ (催化循环) enhances reaction efficiency in chemical processing.6._____ (landscaping) improves outdoor spaces.7.The dog is __________ the ball.8.What do you call a large body of freshwater?A. OceanB. RiverC. LakeD. PondC9.Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A. EarthB. MarsC. JupiterD. SaturnB10.The ________ was a critical battle in the history of the nation.11.Which animal is known as "man's best friend"?A. CatB. DogC. RabbitD. BirdB12.The __________ is where most geological research occurs.13.The tallest mountain in the world is ________ (珠穆朗玛峰).14.The kitten is ___ (purring) softly.15.Which planet is known as the "Blue Planet"?A. MarsB. EarthC. VenusD. NeptuneB16.The coffee is very ___ (strong).17.The Earth's surface is covered by diverse ecosystems, including ______ and deserts.18.What is the name of the ocean located between Africa and Australia?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Arctic OceanD. Pacific OceanB19. A _______ (小猴子) is very clever and agile.20.What do we call the study of the atmosphere?A. MeteorologyB. GeologyC. ClimatologyD. Oceanography21.The _____ (马) gallops freely across the meadow.22.The capital of Finland is ________ (赫尔辛基).23.The ________ is a small, bright creature.24.I made a beautiful ______ (贺卡) for my mom’s birthday. She loved it very ______ (多).25.What is the name of the famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci?A. The Starry NightB. The Last SupperC. Mona LisaD. The ScreamC26.There is a _______ (big/small) dog in my yard.27. A __________ is a visual representation of the periodic table.28.At the park, I like to play with a ________ (球). We can kick it and throw it to each other.29.I like to ___ (collect) stamps from different countries.30.What is the largest rodent in the world?A. BeaverB. CapybaraC. RatD. Guinea PigB Capybara31.What do you call a person who studies the human brain?A. NeurologistB. PsychologistC. PsychiatristD. All of the aboveD32.Which country is known for the Eiffel Tower?A. SpainB. ItalyC. FranceD. GermanyC33.We have a ______ (test) in science tomorrow.34.I like to watch ______ (星星) at night. They twinkle and make the sky look very ______ (美丽).35.The concept of black holes was first proposed by ______.36. A __________ is a measure of how much matter is in an object.37. A _______ (小水獺) plays in the river.38.The anemonefish lives among sea ________________ (海葵).39.What is the capital of Israel?A. JerusalemB. Tel AvivC. HaifaD. Nazareth40.I see a __ in the garden. (worm)41.The ______ is good at solving puzzles.42.The spider spins a _________ (网).43.The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is __________.44.Chemical reactions require a certain amount of ______ to occur.45.What do we call the part of a plant that absorbs water?A. StemB. LeafC. RootD. Flower46.The gas produced when baking soda reacts with vinegar is ______.47. A _______ (兔子) can be a fluffy companion.48.What do we call the art of making things with clay?A. SculptureB. PaintingC. DrawingD. WeavingA49.What do you call a small animal that hops and is often found in gardens?A. RabbitB. SquirrelC. ChipmunkD. MouseA50.What is the capital city of Portugal?A. LisbonB. PortoC. BragaD. FaroA51.We can play ________ (游戏名称) with our ________ (玩具).52.The ________ (生态保护区) serves as a refuge.53.________ (植物实验) lead to breakthroughs.54.The _____ (景点) attracts many tourists.55.I enjoy making ________ (美味的食物) for family.56.What is 6 + 7?A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1557.She is _______ (practicing) her piano skills.58.The dog is ______ by my side. (sitting)59.Plants are essential for maintaining ______ balance on Earth. (植物对维持地球的生态平衡至关重要。
2020-2021学年高二英语假期题型增分专题09 语法填空
2020-2021学年高二英语假期题型增分专题09语法填空A man was caught and thrown into a pit (坑) of about “40 feet” deep. He struggled trying to get out of the pit, 1．the more he tried, the weaker his muscles became. He said to himself, “I don't know how2．(get) myself out of this. Maybe I should just die instead of enduring these miserable struggles and pains.”Just then, he heard a voice screaming, “Help! Help!! Help!!!” The shouts were coming from another pit, 3．was 10 feet more deeper than the one he was in. “Wow, so there is somebody else like me 4．(stick) here too,” He thought to himself.Listening 5．(careful), he heard some cracking and sand dropping from 6．wall of the pit of the other victim. Immediately he summed up his courage and with his last bit of strength, 7．(start) crawling\little by little until he made it out of his pit.When you go through pains, remember that there are people pain 8．(badly) off than you. Always say something sweet to yourself. Always smile at your pains. Try to 9．(courage) yourself. Look at yourself i n the mirror, beat your chest and say, “I can make 10．and I can stand the test of time.”Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars 11．human ingenuity struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as thefirst science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649.Cyrano was dead and buried for 12．good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when Kennedy declared that America 13．(send) a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech 14．, delivered by Martin Luther King two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions 15．(yield) concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up 16．odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised-space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The argument is that funds are tight, and 17．we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—18．saving one-thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar "system for 19．explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up attack on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private space-flight 20．lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.Deep diving explorationWhile most photographers put their cameras away when the night’s dark curtain falls, Zhang Fan gathers his equipment and starts his blackwater diving adventure.Blackwater diving involves photographing small, free-floating (自由浮动的) ocean creatures that move up to the ocean’s surface (表面)after dark or in any area 21．there is seemingly no bottom.Still quite new in China, blackwater diving 22．(date) back to 1984 in Hawaii, US.From small eel larva (幼龄鳗鱼) to big, fierce great white sharks, each of Zhang’s underwater photographs has a “wow” factor. But the story behind each photo adds more emotional value to the work 23．.“It is like meeting an old neighbor,” the 35-year-old photographer recalled, speaking of the touching moment when he returned to a location after a long time only 24．(see) the fish he previously photographed still there.While the underwater world 25．seem fascinating, it’s not always a fairy tale.Zhang said that he encountered many dangerous moments underwater, including 26．(hit) as a sperm whale (抹香鲸) went by. But what fascinated him most is that he can witness big and small changes in the ocean and 27．these changes can tell him about nature.“Corals (珊瑚) are 28．the first indicators of climate change. With the rise in temperature, corals have experienced a process called ‘bleaching (漂白)’, 29．they lose their color and are dying. It is heartbreaking,” he explained.This risky 30．charming art has helped Zhang attract loads of fans. His Sina Weibo account has more than 430,000 follower）. He hopes that his photos and videos can act as a wake-up call to protect our oceans.Some poems tell a story or describe something 31．a way that will give the reader a strong 32．(impress). Others try to convey certain 33．(emotion). Poets use many different forms of poetry to express 34．(them). For example, the language of nursery rhymes is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they have strong rhyme and a lot of repetition. And list poems have 35．flexible line length and 36．(repeat) phrases which give both a pattern and rhythm to a poem.Another simple form of poem is the cinquain, 37．is made up of five lines and can convey a strong picture in just a few words. Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that 38．(make) up of 17 syllables.And of course there are Tang poems from China which you may enjoy in particular.With so many different forms of poetry 39．(choose) from, students may 40．(eventual)want to write poems of their own.High school years are a large part in 41．(shape) the person you are going to become. A school often provides education for you, and it can also be 42．you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports. These years can make you become a high school student 43．(fill) with many different emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness, envy, loneliness, stress, and so on. This is also a time when peer (同龄人) pressure is most commonly put upon a vast 44．(major) of teens.Peer pressure is the influence from members of one's peer group. This can include influencing another to drink, smoke, cheat on a test, lie, skip class, etc. The list is 45．(end). Peer pressure at high school can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior issues, and poor decision making and outcomes.Despite the fact 46．peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can 47．(see) positively in some situations. This can involve 48．(pressure) your peers to be honest, avoid alcohol, respect others, work hard, exercise, be kind, be responsible, and more. Friends and peer 49．(actual) affect the choices you make. Choosing to have good friends can have a very significant effect 50．you.Many educationalists consider Philosophy of Education a weak and imprecise field, too far 51．(remove)from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers 52．(date)back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt 53．their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and politics, written around 360 B．C．), in which he advocates 54．(apply)some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care, raising them as wards of the state, a nd differentiating children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, 55．they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education 56．be holistic, including facts, skills,physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes.Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be 57．(produce) good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students systematically and that repetition 58．(use) as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis 59．questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, 60．play, which he also considered important.【参考答案】1．but2．to get3．which4．stuck5．carefully6．the7．started8．worse9．encourage10．it【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。
Greek Stories. 希腊神话讲解
The famous women’s shoes brand in China.
Artemis
Daughter of Zeus Her twin brother is
Apollo Goddess of the hunt,
the moon, chastity, virginity, and the natural environment. She is the protector of the young women.
Hephaestus
Son of Zeus and Hera God of fire and the
forge He is the smith and
armorer of the gods
Apollo
Son of Zeus God of sun God of healing who
taught man medicine God of truth, who can
She represented sex, affection and the attraction that binds people together.
Aphrodite is called Venus in the ancient Roman mythology
Her son is Eros who is called Cupid in the ancient Roman mythology.
Hades
Brother of Zeus God of the dead Ruler of the
underworld God of wealth, due to
the precious metal’s mines from the earth
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Socratic Dialogue: Sample (cont'd)
SAGE: But people do not seem to be happier. They seem to have much less time to do the things they really enjoy. (Induction) ECONOMIST: That is because they have to make money to be able to buy the things which make life worth living. Shopping is an important pastime. SAGE: But if they spend all their time working to make money and producing things to be more productive, and then shopping, when do they actually enjoy life? When do they find time to be together, to take a walk, to enjoy nature? (Deduction) ECONOMIST: Well...
Death of Socrates by Jacques David
Socratic (Dialectical) Method
Objective: not to arrive at an 'answer', but to think carefully and thoughtfully about an issue; to know self and others better Conversational: knowledge discovered through dialogue and questioning Skeptical: doubt, actively seek truth, argue against unquestioned truths Induction: use evidence from experience to draw conclusions Deduction: use accepted reasons to draw conclusions
Source: /entries/socrates/
Socrates (469–399 BC)
Pre-occupied with answering philosophical questions; e.g. what is courage, love, reverence, moderation, etc Had many followers but didn't see himself as a teacher; more as someone who stimulated thought "The unexamined life is not worth living." Charged with impiety and corrupting the youth; found guilty and sentenced to death
Socrates (469–399 BC)
Born to stone carver & mid-wife; family not rich Fought in Peloponnesian War (between Athens & Sparta ) Supposedly ugly and eccentric Preferred poverty, unlike men of his day who pursued fame, wealth, political power; Conversed with anyone; rich, poor; men, women; old, young
Agora in Athens
Examples of City-States
Ithaca Athens Mycenae Pylos Sparta
Source: /english/maps/ancient-greece-map.html
Ancient Greek Government (cont'd)
Ancient Athens
Justice system
– – – – – Trial by jury 500 jurors served each day Decided on guilt & sentence Decisions by simple majority Appeals not allowed
Source: /empire.html
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Historical Context
Herodotus 484-430 BC Socrates c470-399 BC Plato c428-348 BC Aristotle 384-322 BC
Trojan War
Political systems:
– Oligarchy (rule by a few rich citizens) – Monarchy (rule by a king or queen) – Democracy (rule by people)
Ancient Athens
In 510 BC, Athens created the first democracy Democracy = demokratia = people-power Assembly (Ekklesia)
/gpasquar/PHI_100/Publish/Socratic_Method.htm
Socratic Dialogue: Sample
SAGE: I have come to ask you a question. ECONOMIST: Go ahead. SAGE: What is productivity and why is it so important in your culture? (Skeptical) ECONOMIST: Well, that's an easy one. Productivity is a measure of how many outputs you produce with a specific amount of inputs. The higher the productivity, the higher the profit. SAGE: Could you give me an example? ECONOMIST: A factory tries to produce as many cars with as few people as possible.
9 Officials (Archons)
– Chosen by lottery – Mostly responsible for religious affairs of 6000
10 Generals (Strategoi)
– Elected by Assembly – Commanded army & navy
Plato (429–347 BC)
One of greatest philosophers of all time Born to wealthy and aristocratic family Influenced greatly by Socrates; wrote down Socrates' dialogues Formulated his own ideas; central doctrine:
Homer c700-800 BC
c1200 BC Iron Age
510 - 404 BC Classical Period
c404-63BC Hellenistic Period
Ancient Greek Government
City-state (polis in Greek):
– Very small country with just one large city – Most common form of political entity till around 300 BC – Around 1500 scattered around Mediterranean
Adapted from: /documents/review2/johanisova.htm
Socratic Dialogue: Sample (cont'd)
SAGE: What are the inputs in this case and what are the outputs? ECONOMIST: Well, the outputs are the cars and the inputs are the people – labour. SAGE: That is very strange. Why does this factory try to produce as many cars as possible? Are cars such a good thing? (Skeptical) ECONOMIST: Well - yes. Cars are very useful. For example, a car takes me to work every day so that I do not have to walk.
– World as it appears to our senses is defective – "Forms/Ideas," which are eternal make up the real and perfect realm