专题十二 猜测词义(原卷版)-备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点清盘专题

专题十二猜测词义Passage 1(课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:329For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”1.What made Chris nervous?A.Telling a story.B.Making a speech.C.Taking a test.D.Answering a question.2.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Improper pauses.B.Bad manners.C.Spelling mistakes.D.Silly jokes.3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to.A.help students see their own strengthsB.assess students’ public speaking skillsC.prepare students for their future jobsD.inspire students’ love for politics4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.C.Caring.D.Demanding.Passage 2(课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数:264My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales o n Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational.After DarkHaruki MurakamiIt’s about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secret s.Gone GirlGillian FlynnThere was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amybattle for your trust. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.The StandStephen KingThis is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population, a bat tle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.1.Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark.D.The Stand.3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?A.A folk tale.B.A biography.C.A love story.D.A horror story.Passage 3(课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:338“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunt eers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on...At this point the unwilling par ent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collectsmoney for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?A.She knows little about the club.B.She isn’t good at sports.C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer.D.She’s unable to meet her schedule.2.What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean?A.Encourage teamwork.B.Appeal to feelings.C.Promote good deeds.D.Provide advice.3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A.She gets interested in lacrosse.B.She is proud of her kids.C.She’ll work for another season.D.She becomes a good helper.4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?A.It gives her a sense of duty.B.It makes her very happy.C.It enables her to work hard.D.It brings her material rewards.Passage 4(课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:294Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.Passage 5(课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:258Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious. Who cares?However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve”creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party;they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A.They contain protein.B.They are high in vitamin A.C.They have a pleasant taste.D.They are rich in antioxidants.2.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.3.What is“a juicer”in the last paragraph?A.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.4.From which is the text probably taken?A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A research paper.D.A travel brochure.Passage 6(课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:304Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sella few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention andI had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.The more, the better.B.Enough is enough.C.More money, more worries.D.Earn more and spend more.2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A.Saving up for her holiday.B.Raising money for a poor girl.C.Adding the money to her fund.D.Giving the money to a sick mother.3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A.To try out an idea.B.To show a parent’s love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Take It or Leave ItB.A Lesson from KidsC.Live More with LessD.The Pleasure of GivingPassage 7(课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agri culture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It’s delicate.B.It’s expensive.C.It’s complex.D.It’s portable.2.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.3.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet’s center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheetPassage 8(课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:289I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to hav e success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A.Paul Newman wanted it.B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.C.He wasn’t famous enough.D.The director recommended someone else.2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A.They were of the same age.B.They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D.They had similar characteristics.3.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.B.Their care for children.C.Their success.D.Their support for each other.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show his love of films.B.To remember a friend.C.To introduce a new movie.D.To share his acting experience.Passage 9(课标全国Ⅲ,C)词数:291After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源)for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence ofwolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.2.What does the underlined word“displaced”in pa ragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.3.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the park’s income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the variety of animals.4.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.Passage 10(课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in th e patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem c ells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.1.Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor2.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice won’t last any longer.3.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.。