职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-1

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-11、He is renowned for his skill.【单选题】A.rememberedB.recommendedC.praisedD.well-known正确答案:D答案解析:题干大意：他以他的技能而出名。

画线词renowned：知名的。

如：Einstein is a renowned physicist. 爱因斯坦是一位知名的物理学家。

well-known和renowned同义。

recommended：受到推荐的。

praised：受到表扬的。

故答案选D。

2、What Do Dreams Tell Us?Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years, even toearly childhood.In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. For example, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actor in a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult for you to solve. Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. And when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us for the lost "dream time".The ancient Greeks believed that their ______ could be cured by telling their dreams.【单选题】A.powerB.quiet and happyC.eventsD.experimentsE.diseasesF.worried and nervous正确答案:E答案解析:根据题干线索词the ancient Greeks定位原文至第一段第五句：In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. 题干对该句进行了同义改写，由此推断，所需添加成分即为画线部分。

而E选项diseases是对该部分的同义改写，故E为正确答案。

3、Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. 【单选题】A.conventionallyB.obviouslyC.especiallyD.inevitably正确答案:C答案解析:particularly和especially同义，尤其是；conventionally:按照惯例；inevitably:不可避免地；obviously:明显地。

4、Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology.On April 23,2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the lOth year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. "Anytime you get an award big or little. It's always a surprise. " Holonyrak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of john Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Ben Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches.Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visiblelight. The LEDS he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and effective.Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn't realize how many uses they would have. "You don't know in the beginning. You think you're doing something important. You think it's worth doing, but you really can't tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don't know, "he said.The Lemelson. MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of "molecular sieves", that can separate molecules by size.Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:A答案解析:利用题干中的核心词colleagues作为答案线索词，找到答案相关句。