40中考第二轮复习——语法专项
中考第二轮复习——语法专项(形容词和副词)
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：①Susan often goes swimming in summer when it’s warm and （晴朗的）.②The old woman looked （着急的）because she couldn’t find her purse.③George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned .A. paleB. cleanC. sadlyD. happily④The dish smells and you’d better throw it away.A. goodB. wellC. badD. badly三）作宾语补足语You should keep your room clean every day.（二）-ing形式与-ed形式形容词辨析-ed形容词多形容人的情绪或感受，主语一般是人。
-ing形容词多形容客观事物外在体现的性质，主语或被修饰的词一般是物。
【走近中考】Nancy doesn’t enjoy her job anymore. She’s because every day she does exactly the same thing.A. relaxingB. relaxedC. boringD. bored（三）形容词的比较级与最高级副词（一）副词在句中的作用修饰动词作状语He works hard.He walked quietly into his bedroom.（二）副词的位置多数副词都可以放在动词的后面，如果是及物动词，一般就放在宾语后面。
He is jumping happily.The boy is doing his homework carefully.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句尾。
They live here.I’ll meet him at the station tomorrow. / Tomorrow I’ll meet him at the station.The boy runs quickly.They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.频率副词在句中的位置在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
中考二轮复习语法专项集锦
二轮复习语法专项------动词时态与语态（一）动词的时态1.一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语：every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunda yI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I don't want so much.2.一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth"到……时间了""该……了"4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
2）情态动词could, would.Could you lend me your bike?used to / be used toused to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
中考第二轮复习：语法专项
【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）形容词、副词I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Of all the girls in the class, Mary draws (well) .2. The sun is (big) than the earth. the earth is (big) than the moon. The moon is (small) of the three.3. This book is quite (interest). I am (interest) in it.4. I am too tired to walk any (far).5. English is (wide) used for business between different countries.6. She looks much (young) than she is.7. This picture is (beautiful) than that one, and it is (expensive).8. The weather of this week is getting (warm).9. Mr Smith is (busy) than anyone else in his school.10. I spend a lot (much) time on English than before.11. We have a much (good) life now.12. Rose sings (well). She sings (well) than Mary.But Kate sings (well)in her class.II. 单项选择。
1. Do you think our basketball team will beat theirs?Of course. We have players.A. betterB. lessC. moreD. well2. How are you today, Bob?I’m even now. I don’t think the medicine is good for me.A. betterB. worseC. happierD. badly3. In the Science Museum, the children felt to see so many things.A. surprised; amazedB. surprising; amazingC. surprising; amazedD. surprised; amazing4. Now the air in our hometown is even than it was before.So we must do something to stop it.A. dirtyB. betterC. worseD. more better5. Zhou Fang, can you finish your homework better with time?I think I can.A. fewB. fewerC. littleD. less6. It is quite hot these days. And today is day.A. hotB. hotterC. as hot asD. the hottest7. He is to go to school this year.A. enough oldB. old enoughC. very oldD. older than8. Larry is not Jimmy. He is not the tallest boy in our class.A. so tall asB. as taller asC. taller asD. tall than9. I haven’t to tell you.A. anything importantB. something importantC. important somethingD. important anything10. Book III is than Book II.A. difficultB. much difficultC. most difficultD. much more difficult11. I had much homework last night, so I went to bed .A. earlyB. lateC. soonD. slow12. Dalian is becoming and .A. beautiful; beautifulB. more; more beautifulC. more beautiful; more beautifulD. more beautiful; more13. When a piece of ice is taken into a warm room, it becomes .A. big and bigB. bigger and biggerC. small and smallD. smaller and smaller14. It was one of basketball games of the year.A. most excitingB. the more excitingC. the most excitingD. the much more exciting15. How much money did you pay for the drink?None. It was .A. easyB. freeC. cheapD. expensive16. Did Han Meimei pick a lot of apples?Yes. She picked than any of us.A. so manyB. many moreC. much moreD. the most17. You have got the same shirt as I.Yes. Mine is , but not so as yours.A. better; expensiveB. better; more expensiveC. more better; expensiveD. good; more expensive18. What is the main cause of the accident?Driving .A. carefullyB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessly19. This math problem is that one. I can’t work it out.A. not so easy asB. easier thanC. less difficult thanD. as easy as20. The population of the world in 20th century became very much than that in 19th.A. biggerB. largerC. greaterD. more21. Peter drives Amy, so it will take Peter time to get to the hotel.A. much faster than; lessB. more slowly than; lessC. as fast as; moreD. as slowly as; more22. Lenlen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances Anita does.A. so good asB. as well asC. as good asD. so well as23. You can ask the old man to move away because he has lived here for10 years.A. hard; lonelyB. hard; aloneC. hardly; lonelyD. hardly; alone24. The magazines are easy that the children can read them well.A. suchB. soC. tooD. very25. Remember not to speak when we are in the reading room.A. fastB. slowlyC. politelyD. loudly介词I. 用适当的介词填空。
中考二轮复习重点语法精讲精练专项八+句子种类课件
Ⅰ.单项选择。
1.（2023南京）—May， _A__ is the e-mail from?
—A new friend.His name is Mike and he lives in Newcastle.
A.who
B.how
C.when
D.what
2.（2023宿迁）—There _C__ a lot of new magazines in our school reading room.
如果句子的谓语是be动词、助 ②I can't go with you.我不能和你一起
否定 句式
动词或情态动词，在这些动词 之后加not，常用缩略形式
如果句子的谓语是实义动词， 在谓语动词前要加助动词 don't，doesn't，didn't
去。 ③I haven't seen the film.我没有看过这部 电影。
词+其他?
去。
（2）特殊疑问句：用特殊疑问词（组）引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句，回答时不
能使用yes或no，而是根据实际情况作答。
含义及用法
例句
who “谁”，询问身份 Who is the man under the tree?树底下的那个男人是 谁?
which “哪一个”，询问 Which book do you like?你喜欢哪一本书? 特定的人或物
情态动词+主语+动词
原形+其他?
—Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的，你必须。／不，
你不必。
助动词+主语+动词原 —Did Tom go to the zoo?汤姆去过动物园了吗?
中考语文二轮专题复习：语法基础(共21张PPT)
2．谓语。谓语是陈述主语的，说明主语的说明主语“是什么”或怎么样“。例如： （1）满天乌云顿时消散了。 （2）树叶黄了。 （3）小王今年十六岁。 3．宾语。宾语在动语后面，表示动作、行为涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么” 一类问题。例如： （1）什么叫信息？ （2）门口围着一群看热闹的。 4．定语。定语是名语前面的连带成分，用来修饰、名词表示人或事物性质、状态、 数量、所属等。例如： （1）那（沉甸甸）的稻谷，象一垄垄（全黄）的珍珠。 （2）（三杯）美洒敬亲人。
Tip：谓语可以回答主语“怎么样” 粮食‖丰收 阳光‖灿烂 书本‖丢了 心情‖舒畅 会议‖结束 养分‖充足 举止‖稳重 明天‖周末
14
动宾短语
两个词之间是支配与关涉的关系，动词在前，宾 语在后。
Tip：宾语是回答动词“谁”、“什么”、“哪儿”的。
想念|母亲 品尝|美酒 发展|生产 喜欢|清静 下|决心 去|北京
心高速的前边，但表时间、处所、目的的名词或介词短语作状语时，可以放在主语
的前边，如，[在杭州]我们游览了西湖胜景。
6．补语
补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分，一般用来补充说明动作、行为的情况、结果、
程度、趋向、时间、处所、数量、性状等。例如：
语法基础专项
语素、词、短语、句子
1
1
语素
2
词
3
短语
4
句子
2
语素
语素是语言中最小的音义结合体 如何判断语素？ 判断语素很简单，就看看它能否再分，分后有意 义就是语素，否则不是。 人 人参 乌鲁木齐
3
词
词由语素构成，由一个语素单独构成的词叫作单 纯词；由几个语素组合构成的词叫作合成词。
词可分实词和虚词两大类。实词表示实在意义， 能够作短语或句子的成分，一般能够独立成句。 实词包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代 词。 虚词一般不表示实在的意义，它们的基本用途是 表示语法关系。虚词包括副词、介词、连词、助 词、叹词和拟声词。
中考语文二轮专题复习：语法——单句复句
_____年级_______科目复习课型_____ 章______课时，总第_______课时课题：中考复习之“单句·复句”教学目标：1.认识单复句，理解单复句的概念，能够正确区分单复句（重点）2.了解复句类型，并能正确判断复句类型（难点）导学流程及学习内容方法指导或行为提示一、目标导学1.复习导入二、自主梳理（一）自主梳理单复句概念及复句类型由词或短语构成，有特定语调，能独立表达一个完整的意思的句子，被称为“单句”。
1.主要句子成分(统编八上P85)一般完整的句子成分排列为：状语+定语(修饰主语)+主语+状语+谓语+补语+定语(修饰宾语)+宾语，如下图所示：注：一个句子中不一定所有成分都有，常见句子中基本都有主谓宾的成分。
2.提取句子主干(统编八上P90)所谓句子的主干是指把句子中的定语、状语、补语压缩掉后剩下的部分。
找出句子的主干，就能看出它的基本句型，并且可以看出句子的结构是否完整，句子成分之间的搭配是否得当。
如：由两个或两个以上的单句（在复句中称为“分句”）按照某种逻辑联系组合在一起，构成一个比较复杂的句子，我们称之为“复句”。
根据分句间的关系，可以将复句分为以下八种类型。
示例1．对于一些严重的破坏活动，不仅要打击一次，而且要打击多次。
( )2．这种桥不但形式优美，而且结构坚固。
( ) 3．大姐一时没听懂，接着明白过来了。
( )例：①绿既是美好的标志，又是科学、富足的标志。
②创作自由与社会责任感是应该统一的，也是可以统一的。
③百行业为先，万恶懒为首。
承接复句与并列复句的区别:1、并列复句各分句间的关系平等，不分主次；承接复句各分句意思连贯而下，前后相承。
2、承接复句各分句次序不能调换，并列复句各分句可以调换次序而基本意义不变。
例句：他身披雨衣，又戴着草帽。
他披上雨衣，又戴上草帽。
例：①或此或彼：结论不确定，可供选择。
不是东风压倒西风，就是西风压倒东风。
②非此即彼；没有调和的余地。
2024中考英语二轮复习短文语法选择首字母阅读优享新选7
2024中考英语短文语法选择、首字母、阅读优享新选（7）一、阅读理解。
A（2024中考科普环保类选练）PollutionHundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution （污染）. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is call ed smog（烟雾）.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because _______.A. there were not any modern machinesB. there was no modern medicineC. both A and BD. there were not many people2. What is the biggest problem in today’s life?A. Water pollutionB. Air pollutionC. NoiseD. Pollution3. The most serious kind of pollution is ________.A. noise pollutionB. air pollutionC. water pollutionD. A, B and C4. Factories must clean their water ________.A. before they are thrown awayB. when they are thrown awayC. after it is thrown awayD. before it is thrown away5. From the passage we know that ________.A. a few years ago, there was no smog at allB. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voi ceC. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes’D. people are making rules in order to fight pollution参考答案CDBDDB阅读下列内容，从每小题所给的三个或四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
2024年人教版中考英语二轮语法复习专题主谓一致(1)
复数名词、人称代词 复数及第二人称单数 you
复数
The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 孩子们两小时前在教室里。
both… and…连接的 名词、代词
复数
Both Tom and Sam play the drums well. 汤姆和萨姆鼓打得都很好。
主语
谓语动词的数
例句
动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句
单数
Running every morning is good for us. 每天早晨跑步对我们有益。 What he said is not true.他说 的不是真的。
one of＋可数名词复 数/复数代词
单数
One of the books is boring. 这些书里有一本很无聊。
▶易错题 6.I don’t think the news in the newspaper is （be） true.
7.This is my good friend，Lucy.Not only she but also I am （be） good
at recycling.We often make some toys out of waste. 8.A poet and artist is （be） coming to speak to us about Chinese
主语
谓语动词的数
例句
a pair of＋可数名 词复数
单数
A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma. 他奶奶送给他一双新鞋作为礼物。
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【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容二轮复习语法专项【具体教学内容】名词考点清单：名词的可数与不可数；可数名词复数的规则变化；可数名词复数的不规则变化；名词的所有格及双重所有格；名词在具体语境中的选用；名词的数名词有可数和不可数之分。
表示可以计算数目的人或物的名词称为可数名词。
可数名词的单数若表示一本书、一只狗、一个苹果等概念时，要用名词的单数形式。
表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词a或an。
如：a book, a pen, an apple, an orange。
a, an 后面有时紧接的不是单数名词，而是a/an+形容词+单数名词的形式。
如：a new orange, an impolite soldier。
可数名词的复数若表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时，要用名词的复数形式。
名词单数变复数口诀：（一）名词单数变复数，直接加-s的占多数；词尾若是-s，-x，-ch，sh，直接加上-es。
词尾若是f或fe，加-s之前要把f或fe变为ve；“辅音字母+y”，要把y变为i再加-es。
词尾字母若是o，加-es的有hero，tomato和potato。
还有一些不规则变化，下面咱们来说一说：男人女人变一个；脚牙一变变一双；小孩后面加三个。
鹿和绵羊是一家，单数复数无变化。
【走近中考】①They bought some at the supermarket yesterday. (potato)②How many (月) are there in a year?（二）以-f(e)结尾的名词复数树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。
leaf→leaves; half→halves; wife→wives; knife→knives; shelf→shelves; wolf→wolves;thief→thieves两个特例：roof→roofs, scarf→scarfs/scarves【走近中考】①Some animals, for example, elephants and koalas, live on grass and （树叶）.②There are a lot of (leaf) on the tree when spring comes.（三）小鸡a box of matches 一盒火柴four pounds of tomatoes 四磅西红柿比较：可用下列词语表示可数名词的复数：a few, some, few, many, plenty of, a lot of, lots of名词的所有格有生命物体的名词的所有格，用加’s的结构来表示所有关系。
I don’t like my sister’s hairstyle. 我不喜欢我姐姐的发型。
注意：当中心词是picture, photo 等时，用双重所有格表示某人收藏的肖像、照片等；用所有格则表示某人自己的肖像、照片等。
Here is a photo of Mary’s. 这是一张玛丽的照片。
（玛丽收藏的，不一定是她本人的照片）I have a photo of Mary. 我有一张玛丽的照片。
（指玛丽本人的照片）名词所有格用法歌诀：英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”。
所有格构成有方法，多数要把’s加。
复数词尾有s，只加撇号就可以。
名词若为无生命，我们常把of用。
时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用’s。
名词在具体语境中的选用：【走近中考】①We have no in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.A. vegetablesB. eggsC. meatD. fruit②When I hurriedly got to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there wereno left on that plane.A. placesB. seatsC. spaceD. room⑵表示单位量词的“每一”。
He works six days a week. 他一周工作六天。
⑶表示一类事物或人，a/an在此处不必翻译。
A tiger is a wild animal. 老虎是一种野生动物。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
⑷不定冠词与序数词连用，不表示“第几”的概念，而表示“又一、再一”。
You can try a second time if you fail. 如果你失败了，可以再试一次。
⑸用于一些固定短语中：have a word with sb. 和某人谈话；have a bath/ a shower 洗澡；have a look (at) 看一看；have a good time 过得愉快；in a (one) word 总之；have a swim游泳；have/take a walk 散步；have a rest 休息一下；have a fever/headache/toothache /stomachache 发烧/头疼/牙痛/肚子疼定冠词的基本用法歌诀：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；We have friends all over the world.⑸序数词或形容词最高级前It’s the second country they will visit in Asia.Autumn is the best season in Beijing.⑹某些专有名词前由普通名词构成的专有名词的前面the Great Wall, the United Nations⑺一些习惯短语（如：in the day等）中、西洋乐器前（如:play the violin/piano）【走近中考】I learned to play piano at the age of four.A. aB. anC. theD. /其他用法还有：⑻用在姓氏的复数形式前面表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
The Taylors were having dinner when I came in.Don’t forget to invite the Greens.⑼和某些形容词连用，表示一类人或事物。
We are all students. I like seeing films.⑹节日、季节、星期、月份前。
注意：以festival组成的节日名词前要加定冠词the。
例如：the Spring Festival 春节；the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节⑺表示颜色（如:It’s red/yellow）语种（speak English/Japanese ）和国家的非全称名词（如:We live in China. They come from America.）【走近中考】More and more foreign students come to China to learn Chinese.A. aB. anC. theD. /⑻在家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一个人担任的职务名词前。
If you promise me, I’ll make you King.Father is on business in Shanghai.（家庭成员的名称不在句首也要大写）但当表示职业的名词在句中作表语时，其前通常要用不定冠词。
He became a sailor when he grew up.⑼某些短语中at last; in bed; in hospital; on time; at work; at table; on foot; go to college;by bike/bus/train/plane/air/sea等数词考点清单：基数词与序数词的用法；hundred, thousand, million的用法；分数的用法；“数词+名词”构成的形容词的用法；表示数目或顺序的词叫数词。
英语中数词有两种，基数词和序数词。
表示数目多少的数词为基数词，如one, two等。
表示顺序次第的数词为序数词，如the first, the second等。
基数词的词形1-12 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve13-19 的基数词，在个位数上加后缀-teen构成。
20-90 各整十位数的基数词都以-ty结尾。
如twenty; thirty; fifty在21-99之间的非整十位数的基数词要在十位和个位之间加连字符号。
thirty-one三位数的基数词要在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and。
one hundred and fifty-one 151 two hundred and five 2051000以上的数字，从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为thousand，第二个逗号前为million，第三个逗号前为billion，其读法如下：1,001-one thousand and one 5,386-five thousand, three hundred and eighty-six要注意的是hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法。
①前面有别的基数词时，即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时，其本身都不加s，如：three hundred students。
②若表示成百，成千或数百，数千时，前面不能有基数词，但其本身要用复数形式，即其后+of+名词复数，如：thousands of 成千上万序数词的词形基数词变序数词歌诀：一、二、三特殊记，加th从四起；八省t，九去e，逢五和十二，ve要用f替。
二十到九十，y要变ie。
若是几十几，只变个位就可以。
first, second, third, eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth, twentieth, thirty-first, thirty-fifth序数词在实际应用中，经常以缩写形式出现。
如：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 10th, 22nd, 63rd, 101st【走近中考】①Can you answer the （第三）question and the fourth one in Chinese?②All the teachers live on floor.A. the secondB. twoC. second③Friday is the day of a week. (six)④April is （第四）the month of a year.⑤Kate’s new house in on the （十二）floor.⑥I’m planning to leave on the t (20th day of the month)数词的实际应用⑴表示排列顺序：第三课：Lesson Three / the third lesson / Lesson 3第463页：page four six three第507页：page five 0 seven小数点前的数按基数词读，小数点读作point，小数点后的词，按个位基数词顺序读出。