the format of the research论文格式
英文论文规范格式
英文论文规范格式第一篇：英文论文规范格式论文规范格式一1、题目。
应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，言简意赅，引人注目，一般不宜超过20个字。
2、论文摘要和关键词。
论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。
说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。
尽可能保留原论文的基本信息，突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。
而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。
摘要以500字左右为宜。
关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句，一般3-5个。
3、目录。
既是论文的提纲，也是论文组成部分的小标题，应标注相应页码。
4、引言（或序言）。
内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。
5、正文。
是毕业论文的主体。
6、结论。
论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整，应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解，以及在本领域的意义。
7、参考文献和注释。
按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后，参考文献之前。
图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。
（参考文献是期刊时，书写格式为：[编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名（外文可缩写）、年份、卷号、期数、页码。
参考文献是图书时，书写格式为：[编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。
）8、附录。
包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导，以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。
二1、本科毕业论文格式要求：装订顺序：目录--内容提要--正文--参考文献--写作过程情况表--指导教师评议表参考文献应另起一页。
纸张型号：A4纸。
A4 210×297毫米论文份数：一式三份。
其他（调查报告、学习心得）：一律要求打印。
2、论文的封面由学校统一提供。
(或听老师的安排）3、论文格式的字体：各类标题（包括“参考文献”标题）用粗宋体；作者姓名、指导教师姓名、摘要、关键词、图表名、参考文献内容用楷体；正文、图表、页眉、页脚中的文字用宋体；英文用Times New Roman字体。
英文论文基本结构
英文论文基本结构The basic structure of an English paper typically consists of several key sections: the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. Each section plays a crucial role in presenting the research in a clear and logical manner. The following provides a brief overview of each section:1. Introduction:The introduction aims to provide background information on the topic and establish the research problem or question. It should also explain the significance of the study and outline the objectives. Additionally, the introduction may include a brief statement of the research gap and the overall structure of the paper.2. Literature Review:The literature review critically reviews and analyzes previous research related to the topic. It helps to demonstrate the state of knowledge in the field and identify any gaps that the current study aims to address. The literature review section includes summaries and evaluations of relevant studies, identifying their strengths and weaknesses.3. Methodology:The methodology section describes the research design, participants, materials, and procedures used in the study. It explains how data was collected or generated and provides details about the data analysis techniques employed. This section enables other researchers to replicate the study and assess the reliability of the findings.4. Results:The results section presents the findings derived from the data analysis. It typically includes statistical analyses, figures, and tables that summarize and interpret the data. The results should be presented objectively without interpretation or discussion.5. Discussion:6. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the study, reiterating their significance and potential implications. It should address the research question and briefly recapitulate the key points discussed in the paper. Additionally, the conclusion may suggest areas for further research or practical applications of the findings.7. References:The references section lists all the sources cited in the paper using a specific citation style such as APA or MLA. It isimportant to accurately and consistently document the sources to avoid plagiarism and provide readers with the means to locate the referenced material.。
研究性论文写作基本格式是什么
研究性论文写作基本格式是什么研究性论文是指针对某一些问题、现象进行深入分析、讨论并得到有意义结论的文章，下面是小编为大家整理的研究性论文写作基本格式，欢迎参考~研究性论文写作基本格式1、论文的基本格式要求⑴论文应有科学性、创造性、实用性，关键是真实性。
提出新观点、发现新规律、找出新方法。
⑵论文应有明确的目的，以研究的客观实验或观察的材料或数据为依据，以这些实际材料进行准确的科学总结，得出正确结果。
结果给予实事求是的评价，上升为理论，即论文的结论，达到研究的预期目的，论文才能结束。
⑶论文应有文学性：论文应通顺易懂;内容简明、准确;阐述问题层次分明、重点突出;用词要规范标准;图表应清楚正确。
总之论文的撰写是一个把研究的结果与目的溶在一起的思维过程，作者应具有一定的文学水平、表达能力、写作技巧，才能写出一篇较好的论文。
2、论文的格式(一)前置部分(1)、题目 (2)、作者 (3)、关键词 (4)、摘要 (5)、前言(二)正文部分(6)、材料与方法(7)、结果(8)、讨论(9)、结论(10)、致谢(11)、参考文摘(三)外文部分(12)、题目 (13)、作者 (14)、Key words(关键词) (15)、Abstract(摘要)上述为常见的格式，但各种杂志目的要求不同，而格式的前后次序、作者简介、文字多少、文献限量等也各有不同。
投稿前应先看看该杂志征稿启事，并参考该杂志发表的论文，做到心中有数，有的放矢。
此外，还可根据论文的内容，灵活地拟定。
只要把观点说清楚，材料组织恰当，有利于论文所要回答的问题即可，如病例报告、病例分析在写观察的总结性结果时，可按下述格式撰写论文。
(1)、题目(2)、作者(3)、前言(4)、材料(对象)与方法(包括诊断依据、治疗方法) (5)、结果(6)、讨论(7)、参考文献外文等看看所投的杂志要求与否来决定。
研究性论文写作基本原则★架构要清晰,表述要清楚,逻辑要合理,证据要客观,态度要严谨,尊重他人的贡献.★设置研究标准,学术八股文,很明确的表达问题,研究方法要设置良好并很好的实施,数据假设要合理、有用, 促进知识.★建议要精确、易懂、有说服力、语气恰当.研究性论文的写作要求：(一)题名(Title,Topic)题名又称题目或标题。
英语专业毕业论文APA格式
▪ 单篇线上文献（无作者及著作日期） What I did today. (n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from .mystory.life/blog/didtoday.html
▪ 从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献 Rogers, B. (2078). Faster-than-light travel: What we've learned in the first twenty years. Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site: http://www.eg.spacecentraltoday.mars/university/dept.html
??21212222????221221222222????apaapa格式是一个为广泛接受的研究论文撰写格格式是一个为广泛接受的研究论文撰写格式特别针对社会科学领域的研究规范学式特别针对社会科学领域的研究规范学术文献的引用和参考文献的撰写方法以及术文献的引用和参考文献的撰写方法以及表格图表注脚和附录的编排方式表格图表注脚和附录的编排方式表格图表注脚和附录的编排方式
▪ 电子期刊的文章（只有网络版的期刊） Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture. Felines & Felons, 4, Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from http://journals.f+/spectre/vblofeld0046g.html
英语作文范文排版模板
英语作文范文排版模板英文回答：Writing a Research Paper: A Comprehensive Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a captivating hook that grabs the reader's attention.State the research question or thesis statementclearly and concisely.Provide background information on the topic, including its significance and relevance.Body Paragraphs。
Organize the paper into distinct subtopics or themes.For each subtopic, present an argument or claim supported by evidence.Use various forms of evidence, such as research, statistics, case studies, and expert opinions.Connect the evidence to the research question or thesis statement.Provide clear transitions between paragraphs to guide the reader's understanding.Methods。
Describe the research methodology used, including the data collection and analysis methods.Explain how the research design addresses the research question or hypothesis.Discuss any limitations or biases that may have influenced the findings.Results。
硕士学位论文中英文摘要格式
作者姓名：张三（宋体四号）
论文题目：xxxxxxxxxxxx的研究（宋体四号）
作者简介：：张三，男，xxxx年xx月出生，xxxx年xx月师从于xx大学xxxx专业xxx教授（副教授），于xxxx年xx月获工（理、文、哲、管理、经济、历史和法）学硕士学位。
中文摘要
（正文：宋体小四，约一千字）
关键词：五个（宋体四号）
【注】1000汉字的中文摘要，文件名为：Z＋学号（例如：Z2040001），形式必须为Word文件。
论文摘要一律不要插图。
报送软盘的中文论文摘要其打印格式如下（注：以下格式只用于软盘输送的摘要，正式学位论文的摘要中不要写“作者简介”一栏。
）：
Study on the …(英文题目字号：“Times New Roman”三号) Zhang San (姓名拼音字号：“Times New Roman”四号)
ABSTRACT
（正文字号：“Times New Roman”，小四）
内容均按上述中文1000字摘要的要求翻译
Zhang San（专业英文名）
Supervised by Key words: ( 字号：“Times New Roman”四号)
【注】英文摘要文件名为：Y＋学号（例如：Y2040001），形式必须为Word文件。
format of a research paper introduction论文的标准格式
Writing a Research Paper Introduction – Astep-by-step referenceThe introduction is the first chapter of a research paper. It starts from the research proposal stage, but it is critical to understand the difference between the introduction of a research proposal and that of a research paper. At the proposal stage, the introduction is presented in a future tense expressing the intensions and expectations of the researcher, whereas that of the research paper is in the past tense, revealing what actually happened.A research paper Introduction plays an essential role of preparing the reader’s mind to follow the paper as it unveils the problem, the researcher’s intervention, intentions and expectations.Sections of a research paper introductionThe introduction constituents and sequence majorly depend on the type of research and format undertaken.•Background: Reveals an identified and well defined problem, exploring its history and nature with reference to the existing literature. It should indicate the root of the problem, its extent, the affected, previous investigations, etc.;highlighting the research paper introduction in general, and ensuringproper perception of the situation at hand.•Statement of the problem: Is the core of the issue/problem and must be clearly defined. It states exactly what the problem is, justifying that thestudy narrows or bridges the gap between what it is and what it ought to be.•Purpose of the study: Is derived from the statement of the problem. It states why one decides to study the problem and the role of his/her research to solve the problem.•Objectives of the study: These constitute the targets a researcher intends to achieve. They act as a yardstick for the research exercise and must bespecific, measurable and achievable.•Research questions: These are research guiding questions generated from objectives. The researcher needs to answer them as part of theinvestigation.•Hypotheses: These are guiding predictions of the outcome of the study.Basing on research questions, an assumption derived form existing theories,personal observations and experience is made. A hypothesis provides a tentative answer to the problem, allowing for further investigations.Hypotheses are common for descriptive and explanatory research.•Scope of the study: Is expressed in terms of a geographical area, say village, town or city; and in terms of content – showing the extent ofknowledge coverage.•Significance of the study: Shows how meaningful and useful the research is; as well as indicating the beneficiary group(s).•Assumption: Situations under which the research is may not be exact, so for easy of work the researcher may assume what he/she has exactlyconsidered in his/her investigation.•Delimitations:These are advantageous factors affecting one’s research exercise.•Limitations:These are disadvantageous factors affecting one’s research exercise.•Definition of key concepts/terms: Due to ambiguity and varying meanings of words/terms/concepts, the researcher needs to be precise giving exact meaning of what he/she intends to communicate.•Abbreviation: Abbreviations may be misunderstood, so clear full meanings avoid confusion.How to Write a Research Proposal – A successful and winning approach15 November, 2009Research exercises are first planned in research proposals. It determines the research direction, its endurance or failure. A proposal serves as an action plan for research, constituting three chapters; Introduction, Literature review and Methodologies. It is complemented with references, budget and timetable. Students obliged to do research submit research proposals to their supervisors before real research exercises. Supervisors approve the proposals for research exercises to commence. Learning how to write a research proposal is key for research students.A research proposal is presented in a future tense, signifying the target research accomplishments and operation mode. Before doing a custom research paper or term paper writing, planning is a key role.How to write a research proposal in a simpler wayUnderstand the intended topic, your knowledge about the subject, yo ur audience’s interests and their knowledge about the subject. Understand the type of research resources and sources required. If you understand how to write a research proposal, then your research exercise becomes easier. Your essay writing tactics, highly aid your writing skills for a proposal.• Chapter one (Introduction):- this expresses the intensions and expectations of the researcher and plays an essential role of preparing the reader’s mind as it r eveals the problem, researcher’s intentions, why he/she intends to intervene and his/her expectations.The introduction contains;1. background of the study,2. statement of the problem,3. purpose of the study,4. objectives of the study,5. research questions and/or6. hypotheses,37. scope of the study,8. significance of the study,9. assumption,10. delimitations,11. limitations and12. definition of key concepts/terms• Chapter two (Review of relevant literature):- When reviewing literature examine the sources related to the topic of interest. Avoid the literature that is not connected to the area of study. Always paraphrase and cite basing on your objectives and hypotheses. Ensure that the review saves you the burden of repeating completed research, wasting time on failed research and helping you find what the previous researchers have not tackled.Literature review constitutes;1. Literature map: identify the variables and specify the necessary resources, embarking on previous and similar interest researchers.2. Justification of intended research: show why the research is necessary.3. Extent and constraints of previous researchers: what does the researcher need to cover? Note limitations of previous researchers.• Chapter three (Methodologies):- The researcher analyses methods to be used, depending on the type and accuracy of data required.The methodologies constitute the following;1. Research design: gives the necessary type of research. Involving qualitative and quantitative descriptive studies.2. Sampling: the researcher chooses ways to undertake for study samples. Sampling methods may be random, stratified, and purposive and so on.3. Tools and instruments: data collect tools involve questionnaires, interviews; focus discussion groups and so on.4. Procedure: shows how data collection will be administered.5. Data collection: identify the primary and secondary sources.6. Data processing and analysis: focus on raw data, sorting, editing, coding and representing it.How to write a research proposal takes various undertakings from institution to institution. You can further your guidance using research paper samples.Methodology Writing for your Research Paper2 December, 2009Before you carry out your research, you have to analyze the rationale and feasibility of particular methods for a given study. This is normally written in your research proposal, while the explanation for the methods undertaken is written in the research paper methodology. Different kinds of issues require different forms of approach during data collection and processing with in a given research exercise. These are exactly what the researcher handles in his/her methodology writing.While analyzing the methods to employ during the study, you need to;Always remember that the choice of your methodology will highly depend on the purpose of the research and the type of problem under study. The methodology in your proposal is only a suggestion and is written in a future tense, whereas that in your research paper is in past tense revealing how you actually administered your study methodically.The Structure of your Methodology WritingThe methodology constitutes a number of areas covering how you are going to carry out your research exercise. It gives a layout of the specific methods to handle particular situations. The methodology can be outlined as follows:1.Research design: This may be qualitative and descriptive in which the qualityof a situation is studied or analyzed and described accordingly. It may also be quantitative, where the results are numerical in nature.51.Sampling: Samples may be used as a representation of a large population. Asample can be non-probability or probability sampling. These also have a number of subcategories.1.Tools and Instruments: These are used to establish the facts fromrespondents. They may include questionnaires, interviews, observations, recording, focused group discussions, tests and diary.1.Procedure: This reveals the stages to be undertaken while carrying out yourresearch exercise. You need to be systematic in a way following the terms of reference, administering the research exercise, and revealing how the recommendation letter was obtained. This gives the whole plan of the research exercise procedures exhaustively.1.Data collection: Identify the primary and secondary data sources asanticipated. Mention your data sources as may be applied while undertaking the research. Show how you intend to acquire and store data.1.Data processing and analysis: You have to reveal how you are supposed tosort, edit, code and represent your data. Then show how the represented data shall be interpreted. Descriptive methods are necessary for the interpretation, comparison and drawing conclusions.Your methodology will largely depend on the requirements of a given format or will largely depend on the various institutions styles. At this stage of your research proposal you are meant to exhaust the appropriate methods for your research. Try further reading through essay help and various research paper samples.。
2020年学术英语论文格式规范参阅
学术英语论文格式规范参阅《学术英语论文格式规范参阅》是一篇好的范文，觉得应该跟大家分享，。
引导语：随着不断的被普及，各种各样的论文格式五花八门，规范的论文格式是怎样的呢?以下是大学的为大家找到的学术英语论文格式规范参阅。
希望能帮助大家!(一)题名(Title,Topic)题名又称或。
题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特定的逻辑组合。
论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一个重要信息，也是必须考虑到有助于选定不达意和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用信息。
论文题目十分重要，必须用心斟酌选定。
有人描述其重要性，用了下面的一句话：论文题目是文章的一半。
对论文题目的要求是：准确得体：简短精炼：外延和内涵恰如其分：醒目。
对这四方面的要求分述如下：1.准确得体要求论文题目能准确表达论文内容，恰当反映所研究的范围和深度。
常见毛病是：过于笼统，题不扣文。
关键问题在于题目要紧扣论文内容，或论文内容民论文题目要互相匹配、紧扣，即题要扣文，文也要扣题。
这是撰写论文的基本准则。
2.简短精炼力求题目的字数要少，用词需要精选。
至于多少字算是合乎要求，并无统一的硬性规定，一般希望一篇论文题目不要超出20个字，不过，不能由于一味追求字数少而影响题目对内容的恰当反映，在遇到两者确有矛时，宁可多用几个字也要力求表达明确。
若简短题名不足以显示论文内容或反映出属于系列研究的性质，则可利用正、副标题的方法解决，以加副标题来补充说明特定的实验材料，方法及内容等信息使标题成为既充实准确又不流于笼统和一般化。
3.外延和内涵要恰如其分外延和内涵属于形式逻辑中的概念。
所谓外延，是指一个概念所反映的每一个对象;而所谓内涵，则是指对每一个概念对象特有属性的反映。
命题时，若不考虑逻辑上有关外延和内涵的恰当运用，则有可能出现谬误，至少是不当。
4.醒目论文题目虽然居于首先映入读者眼帘的醒目位置，但仍然存在题目是否醒目的问题，因为题目所用字句及其所表现的内容是否醒目，其产生的效果是相距甚远的。
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Margins
• Indent the first word of a paragraph one-half inch from the left margin. • Indent set-off quotation one inch from the left margin.
Text Format
Margins
• Leave margins of one inch at the top and bottom and on both sides of the text. • If you lack 8½-by-11-inch paper and use a larger size, do not print the text in an area greater than 6½ by 9 inches.
Heading and Title
• Double-space again and center the title. • Do not italicize or underline your title, put it in quotation marks or boldface or type it in all capital letters. • Do not use a period after your title or any heading in the paper.
• Choose an easily readable typeface (e.g., Times New Roman) and set it to a standard size (e.g., 12 points). • Do not justify the lines of text at the right margin • Turn off your word processor’s automatic hyphenation feature. • Set your word processor to double-space the entire research paper. • Leave one space after a period or other.
Heading and Title
• A research paper do not need a title page. • Beginning one inch from the top of the first page and flush with the left margin, type your name, your instructor’s name, the course number, and the date on separate lines, double-spacing between the lines.