2020年高考英语二轮复习专题03 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题(讲练)(含解析)
2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意类教学案
第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.31．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.解析 A 第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练：阅读理解(主旨大意题)及参考答案
2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练4 -阅读理解（主旨大意题）1、 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recenttimes there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was stillpopulated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their ownpatterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spokeperhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries,trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread ofuniversal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communicationsin the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominantlanguages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of theselanguages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spokenby small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000;Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea aloneaccounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people tha n that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eightremaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the UnitedStates(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none ofthese seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They werelarge in number.C.They had similar patterns .D.They wereclosely connected.2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?plex .B.Advanced.C.Powerful .D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.2、Would you buy a car that released calming smells into the air when you are stuck in heavy traffic? Would you buy a robot that smells like a human being?Many people have seen the 3-D computer-made environments of virtual (虚拟的）reality (VR). Now these virtual worlds will not just look and sound real. Researchers have created VR environments that even smell like the real things. With the new technology， users open a virtual door and step into a new environment, like a rainforest. After they enter this virtual world, special equipment releases forest-like smells into the air to make the experience seem more real.Suzanne Fisher-Murray said "It is a really wonderful experience that you have because you reexploring this environment and you have smells with it."In the United States, Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide smells during the showing of a movie. The Smell-O-Vision system was once popular in the 1960s. Now, Emanuela Maggioni says it is close to becoming popular again, "People will be impressed by the connection with emotions，memories，and …the sense of smell，" Maggioni said. "It is unbelievable what we can do with technology."The uses for smell technology are not just limited to films and the performing arts. Researchers showed a computer program where users could imagine themselves driving a car. The system included a special smell-spraying machine. Dmitrijs Dmitrenko said，"We want to deliver the smell of lavender (薫衣草）every time the person drives over the speed limit. We choose lavender becau se it’s a very calming smell. "Scientists are experimenting with smell instead of sounds or image-based alerts on telecommunications equipment. And businesses are already using smell to influence people’s behavior. "Not only…in stores…But on the ot her side，you can create and stimulate (刺激）immediate buying, " Maggioni said "So you’re in a library and you smell coffee and actually you are unconsciously having the need to drink a coffee. "1. Using smell technology, researchers make VRenvironments .A. have a smell of a rainforestB. even smell like real onesC. look like a 4-D environmentD. impress people with a virtual world2. The example of Snell-O-Vision proves that .A. America is the first to use smell technologyB. cinemas are the most suitable for smell senseC. smell technology has been tried beforeD. it was out of date to use smell-spraying devices3. How is smell technology used by businessmen?A. To make buyers understand salesmen better.B. To remind people of their unrealistic buying.C. To help customers choose their favorite goods.D. To encourage people to buy something suddenly.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The developments of smell technology.B. A major breakthrough of smell technology.C. The sense of smell in human communication.D. The advanced smell-spraying machines.3、For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.3.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends4、Sometimes，you just can’t help it; maybe you’re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering，and you have tears running down your cheeks.According to Ad Vingerhoets. a professor of psychology at Tilburg University，in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eyes and the rest of the world Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally，there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states，”explains Vingerhoets.Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very complex social creatures，”says Lauren Bylsma，a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others she says.Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed tears has something to do with our childhood,” he say, “that’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times， when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case， it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help, ”he says.Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma. there is still much more to discover. “It’s surprising, ”she says，“how much we still don’t know.”1. In the scientist’s opinion, crying is .A. a sign of human evolutionB. a result of human kindnessC. a cause of personal growthD. a means of relying on each other2. The underlined phrase “this ability” in the last paragraph refers to the ability to .A. aim tears at someoneB. seek help wiselyC. cry emotionallyD. appeal to other people3. From the passage, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and LaurenBylsma .A. hold different opinions about the causes of tearsB. think positively of the effects of tearsC. are working together to study tearsD. have learned enough about tears4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. The types of tearsB. The components of tearsC. The science of tearsD. The opinions about tears5、 NASA might be famous for sending rockets up to space quickly. But it will be more famous for making your next holiday come more quickly.The space agency is working on a new plane, which could solve the problems of supersonic(超音速的) flight and vastly increase the speed of journeys abroad. If successful, the plane would be able to fly between New York and London in just three hours. And it would reduce the time spent flying other journeys by a half, since it could be used more broadly. Until now, the problem with such planes has been the sonic boom(声爆), made famous by the original Concorde. That happens when a plane reaches supersonic speeds.It is a thunderous noise that upsets people on the ground---- disturbing animals and even causing physical problems to materials and houses underneath. It was that effect that led Congress to ban such planes from being used over the US land, adecision that in turn was responsible for Concorde’s failing to be commercially used.In view of the problem, the space agency has developed a new technology and tried it out in wind tunnels, and now believes that it could be put to commercial use. That plane will fly as high as 55,000 feet---- far higher than normal planes---and make a sound of only 60 decibels. That’s far less than 90 decibels th rown out by normal planes, and is roughly in line with a car on the motorway or a busy restaurant.“As long as we can get endorsement from the general public, the plane will probably be something that’s acceptable,” said Peter Coen, project manager for NASA’s commercial supersonic research team, in a new Bloomberg report. “If we get approved, we will have the full-sized version of the plane tried out and the plane will be put into use.”1.Why does the author mention Concorde?A.To suggest the rapid development of planes.B.To stress the negative effect of sonic booms.C.To introduce how a commercial plane is designed.D.To show Congress’ important role in making planes.2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the new plane.B.The working principle of the new plane.C.The problems of the new plane.D.The potential market of the new plane.3.What does the underlined word “endorsement” in paragraph 5 mean?A.Responsemitment.C.InvestmentD.Agreement4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To inform people of NASA’s new plane.B.To prove the disadvantages of supersonic flight.C.To explain why speed matters in supersonic flight.D.To clarify some misunderstandings about commercial planes.6、Life at the Institute is more than just classes and homework 一 community members pride themselves on their curricular(课程）and extracurricular work in the arts, athletics and more. Whether it’s taking part in a living group，playing on one of our NCAA Division m sports teams or taking time to learn new dance moves, Institute life has no boundaries.ArtsArt, engineering, science, and invention are interconnected throughout MIT. Explore the Arts at MIT Portal（门口网站).Athletics，Physical Education and RecreationAt MIT，exceptional students apply to athletics， physical education, and recreation with the same passion， drive and work ethic as they do in academics to reach their complete potential. Intensity and commitment to excellence can be found in all of DAPER's participants.The Institute sponsors the largest NCAA Division IE athletic program among colleges in the country with 33 university sports. DAPER features more than 30 club teams while it offers an expansive variety of intra-mural(校内的）competition. Physical education，a general Institute requirement, contains health and wellness concepts in addition to specific skill instruction. Recreational sports include 200-plus programs annually，including fitness training，group exercise and specialty events.Visit the Department of Athletics, Physical Education and Recreation (DAPER) website for more information.1. What do we know about the life at MIT?A. The students are proud of only their classes and homework.B. MIT offers students colorful after-school activities and community groups.C. The students have no limits to the curricular and extracurricular activities.D. Extracurricular activities in MIT focus on arts and athletics.2. If you want to know about Arts in MIT，what should you do?A. Visit the DAPER website.B. Pay a visit in person.C. Make a call.D. Log on to the MIT Portal.3. What do we know about DAPER?A. All students are encouraged to apply to DAPER.B. DAPER is famous for its over 30 club teams and varieties of competition.C. Participants will fulfil their potential and better themselves after joining DAPER.D. Participants will learn health and wellness concepts in the Recreational sports team.7、 Chinese audiences seemed not to satisfy with the third season of the highly anticipated food documentary A Bite of China.Even though the series maintained high viewership ratings since its comeback, much higher than other programs aired at the same time, the ranking on Douban, a social networking website featuring films, literature and events, slipped to 3. 7 out of 10, compared with 9. 3 and 8. 4, respectively, for the first two seasons. Picky viewers complained that some of the narration was not accurate, while others pinpointed misleading content. At the same time, a food blogger questioned whether it was appropriate to give a close-up shot(特写镜头) of the poisonous plant nandina(南天竹) in a food program.A Bite of China, which debuted in 2012, became hugely popular nationwide for its quality introduction of some rarely-known and mouthwatering domestic cuisine. In the new show, however, watchers were not satisfied with "irrelevant" foodreferences, such as lipsticks made from Chinese traditional medicine and martial arts(武术) master.The first episode introduced a hand-made iron frying pan from east China's Shandong Province, which prompted thousands of Chinese Internet users to buy one from China s leading ecommerce website Tmall in the next few days. Sales of the pan at "Zhensanhuan" surged 6,000 times compared with a year ago. according to Beijing Youth Daily.In response to overwhelming criticism and questions, A Bite of China production crew responded on Weibo that they sought innovation despite the risks following the first two phenomenal seasons."It is unavoidable to make comparisons with the first two, and some audiences may not accept the changes," the crew said. "We explore the culture and civilization behind food, and give food a historic touch. That's why we feature culinary(烹饪的) tools, feast and rituals, as well as a healthy diet to show Chinese wisdom and philosophy, which has not been shown in any food programs before."1.Why does the passage mention nandina?A.Because some of the narration is not accurate.B.Because it may be improper to give a close-up shot of a poisonous plant.C.Because it is misleading content.D.Because it is not attractive at all to most picky viewers.2.Which of the following elements leads to viewers' dissatisfaction with the new show?A.Some mouth-watering domestic cuisines.B.Non-food items.C.Some rarely-known cuisines.D.The increasing sales of the pan at "Zhensanhuan".3.According to its production crew, what is unique to A Bite of China Ⅲ?A.It makes comparisons with the first two seasons.B.It tells the story of some martial arts related to food.C.It receives overwhelming criticism and questions from audiences.D.It focuses on cooking tools，rituals and healthy eating.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.A Bite of China Ⅲ Draws Criticism from AudiencesB.A Bite of China Ⅲ Maintains High Viewer-ship RatingsC.A Bite of China Ⅲ Changes for the WorseD.A Bite of China Ⅲ Explains Its Purposes8、We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social pra ctice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband," says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners,"he says.1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises people's confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C解析：本文是一篇议论文。
四川2020高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题讲解及选练
四川2020高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案）阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、设题方式The passage is mainly about .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?What’s the main theme of the passage?What’s mainly discussed in the passage?二、干扰项特点1. 断章取义。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2. 以偏概全。
干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。
3. 主题扩大。
干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。
4. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。
三、解题指导解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。
作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：1. 正三角形写作法主题出现在首句或者首段。
开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。
新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。
大部分说明文也是如此。
例1：2020年福建卷阅读理解E篇A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the program’s founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”…75. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsB. Young People Find a World of OpportunityC. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisD. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades解析：B。
高中英语高考2020届高考英语二轮复习专项语法课件：阅读理解-主旨大意习题
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.
1．What is the caregiving study based on? A．Human evolutionary history. B．Demand of modern society. C．Social contact between relatives. D．Data on many elderly people. 2．In Arpino's opinion, childcare ________. A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．allows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people 3．What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Limit. B．Ignore. C．Favor. D．Consider. 4．What does the last paragraph tell us? A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests. B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities. C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents. D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.
2020版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题课件新人教版
Scientists do not know why the honey guide like eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
1．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Wild Bees
B．Wax and Honey
C．Beekeeping in Africa D．Honey-Lover's Helper [分析] 本文属于典型的三段论。第一段旨在导入话题，为
下文做铺垫，介绍了非洲森林里的一种美食——野蜂蜜。但是，
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ears “turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn and walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house in sight. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared. I didn't want to end up trapped on this road, and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题03 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题(测)(含解析)
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题3 主旨大意1.B【安徽省“皖豫联盟体”2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次大联考】Imagine someone who has spent the majority of their life sitting with a sign on the side of the road and that very person giving someone their last 20 dollars. That’s exactly what Marine Corps veteran (退伍军人) Johnny Bobbitt, 34, did in October in Philadelphia.Bobbitt served in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a paramedic (医务辅助人员) in Vance County, N. C. before he became homeless. Nobody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that.One night in October, Bobbitt was sitting roadside with a sign in Philadelphia as usual, when Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of gas. Scared and nervous, she got out of the car to head to the nearest gas station. As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt and he told her to get back in the vehicle and lock the door. Minutes later, he appeared with a red gas can. He’d used his last $20 to buy her gas.After tha t unexpected meeting, McClure and her boyfriend, Mark D’Amico, who both live in New Jersey, visited Bobbitt several times to deliver gift cards, cash, snacks and toiletries. They then decided to create a fund raising page so he wouldn’t have to spend the h olidays sleeping on the street.McClure started the GoFundMe page on November 10. With the page, the couple hoped to raise $10,000, enough money for his rent, a reliable vehicle and up to six months’ expenses. Bobbitt’s story ran in a local paper. By November 15，more than 10,000 local people had made donations through the GoFundMe page and more than $300,000 had been raised.On Thanksgiving, Bobbitt was resting in a hotel, his feet up on the bed, drawing up a grand plan for his new life, thanks to several thousand dollars raised to repay him for a good deed.4. What does the underlined word “discreet” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Doubtful.B. Cautious.C. Guilty.D. Optimistic.5. McClure met Bobbitt when she .A. couldn’t find a gas stationB. got to the way homeC. couldn’t unlock her carD. was in search of gas6. It can be known from the text that .A. Bobbitt’s story obtained wide attentionB. Bobbitt became world-famous overnightC. the GoFundMe page collected over $400,000 for BobbittD. the GoFundMe page was started to help people like Bobbitt7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Homeless Veteran Paid Kindness ForwardB. A Homeless Veteran Had a Generous HeartC. A Homeless Veteran’s Kindness Paid OffD. A Small Kindness Made a Big Difference【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
(浙江专用)2020高考英语二轮复习专题一第三讲理解主旨要义——主旨大意题专题强化训练
第二部分题型应对策略主旨大意题——标题归纳题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019·浙江五校联考)Recently whenever I turned on my computer ormy mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey onthousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events.However, there was also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many humaninterest stories during my career. That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 主旨大意类 专项练习(含答案)
2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类专项练习【分类真题】（2019年全国卷II，D）Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution（解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and... it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product."Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear in different forms.D. They damage the instruments.【答案】.A【解析】推理判断题。
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2020年高考英语二轮复习专题 3 阅读理解I：主旨大意【构建知识体系】主旨大意题考点1精确归纳标题考点2概括文章大意考点3总结段落大意近三年（2017—2019年）阅读理解命题考点情况：试卷类型年份篇序体裁词数话题考点分布卷I 2016A 记叙文267 主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。
细节理解题10推理判断题3词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B 议论文287 介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。
C 记叙文262 作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。
D 说明文327 沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
2017A 应用文231 购物中心Pacific Science Center 细节理解题6推理判断题 5观点态度题 1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1写作意图题1B 记叙文296 救助一只小猫头鹰的故事C 说明文352 爵士乐问题D 说明文315 自制太阳能蒸馏器的方法2018A 应用文270 Washington, D.C.旅游的四种路线细节理解题8推理判断题2词义猜测题1观点态度题1主旨大意题2B 说明文270 绍了一档英国系列电视节目C 说明文304 随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因D 说明文363 新旧电子设备的差别写作意图题12019 A 应用文256 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。
细节理解题7推理判断题5词义猜测题1段落大意题1标题归纳题1 B 记叙文300 Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程C 说明文243 新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。
D 议论文351 对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。
卷II 2016A 应用文281 四则广告的具体内容及细节信息细节理解题8推理判断题4代词指代题1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B 记叙文280 通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。
C 说明文249 所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程D 记叙文278 Frank的图片记录了一次海难2017A 应用文306 莎士比亚剧本翻译及上演细节理解题5推理判断题5代词指代题1写作意图题1主旨大意题2词义猜测题1B 记叙文289 作者与Paul的友谊C 说明文307 Terrafugia 公司研制出飞行汽车D 说明文293 植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护2018A 应用文284 家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动细节理解题6推理判断题5文章出处题1词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B 说明文268 水果营养丰富且对人体有益C 说明文300 青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少D 议论文330 减少手机使用、增加与人谈话2019A 应用文242 作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍细节理解题8B 记叙文312 作者成功说服了一个家长参加志愿者团队，作为一名志愿者作者发挥了自己的作用，并获得了快乐。
推理判断题4 词义猜测题1 标题归纳题1 主旨大意题1C 说明文334 介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。
D 说明文272 戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。
卷III2016A 应用文195 介绍五个与音乐有关的活动细节理解题7推理判断题4写作意图题1词义猜测题1代词指代题1主旨大意题1B 记叙文325 一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。
C 说明文278 介绍了一个节日－－Apple Day。
D 说明文346 好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。
2017A 应用文252 美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线细节理解题5推理判断题7词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B 记叙文282 一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售C 说明文295 美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事D 说明文334 科研人员研制出DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，从而保持积极、健康的生活方式2018A 应用文197 去Holker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息细节理解题10推理判断题2词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B 说明文316 Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状C 新闻报道372 中国建筑设计师王澍获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖D 说明文307 引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法2019 A 应用文191 一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映细节理解题10推理判断题3B 说明文286 中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。
中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
词义猜测题1 标题归纳题2C 说明文292 19世纪报纸的改革发展之路。
D 说明文319 研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。
【考纲解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。
体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。
主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向1. D【2019·全国I】During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employedever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely toengage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavi or.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【答案】35. A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。