2000年下半年英语

合集下载

2000考研英语二试卷及答案

2000考研英语二试卷及解答Section I Use of English (10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 1 ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America 2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but 3 communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 4 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that —— 5 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 6 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent, 7 the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 8 last summer, found that I was 9 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from.And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17 numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America.01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless [D] shameless16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] atgection II Reading Comprehension (60%)Part A (40 %)Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).Text 1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directorsthat includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A "sanitized"description of a hac attempt or other incident - one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hac that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon , CNN and Yahoo! this year identified several North Carolina victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."21. From the first paragraph, we know[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B] public agencies.[C] FBI.[D] private industry.23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D] many companies suffer from computer hac because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.[C] the use of modem is increasing.[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25. It can be concluded from the passage that[A] not all hac attempts are worthy of investigation.[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] Amazon was once disrupted by hac .Text 2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.The data are stri : when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because .[A] it offers low pay.[B] they have interest in other professions.[C] it does not value productivity.[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.29. "The data are stri : when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture" means .[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30. All can be concluded BUT .[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text 3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics. Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished (but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence. Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act. The father of game theory won only after Mr. Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997 Nobel laureates. The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you got the prize. But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."31. From the first paragraph, we learned that .[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during 1990s, .[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is .[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C] hostile.[DJ indifferent.34. From the third paragraph, we learn that .[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is .[A] critical.[B] approving.[C] angry.[D] ironic.Text 4In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry - all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service, Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a service's contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom hasbecome institutionalised: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is lesscommon; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are moreextrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers: And, says' Mr Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tippingis about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip - a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should "just be paid a decent wage" may actually makeeconomic sense.36. From the text we learn that Americans .[A] are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B] like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C] are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so.[D] are giving less and less tips.37. According to Paragraph 3, we learn that .[A] tips are voluntary in America.[B] people don't tip in Europe.[C] tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D] tipping is now popular in Iceland.38. According to Michael Lynn, .[A] nervous people do not usually tip.[B] A merican people are anxious.[C] Icelanders don't like to show off.[D] people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39. The text indicates that in America .[A] customers tip 8% to 37% of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B] a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15%.[C] the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D] the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get 15-20%.40. According to the text, the author believes that in America .[A] the better the service, the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C] tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D] tips cannot prompt better service.Part B (20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).(41) There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World. showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty - of the spirit. For instance, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World. Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. (42) But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each dayto do abstract work in offices, shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appearin banks. Instead. the child sees mother an(t father, relations and neighbours wor nearby, and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work: helping to dig or build, plant or water, tend to animals or look after babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, building with construction toys, keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43) These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts. Set days and times are few and self-explanatory, determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring. (44) A child in the rich world, on the other hand. is provided with a wrist-watchas one of the earliest symbols of ~owing up. so that he or she can worry, along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times clinic times, bed times, the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors, still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas, dangerous roads, 'keep off the grass' signs and 'don't speak tostrangers', there is often a sense of freedom to play. (45)Parents can see their children outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up. And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing (30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students. What do you think good studentsare like? Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion. Provideone or two examples where necessary. You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument. You shouM write 240-280 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).参照解答[A卷]解答：e of English （10%）01.B 02.D 03.A 04.C 05.A 06.C 07.D 08.C 09.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

2000年12月大学英语三级(B级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2000年12月大学英语三级（B级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：How is your borther getting along with his study?1．A．He leaves for school at 7.B．He’s studying in Paris.C．He’s doing very well.D．He likes his school.正确答案：C听力原文：How do you find our new manager?2．A．He came to our company last year.B．I think he is a nice person.C．He was in London 5 years ago.D．I have met him somewhere before.正确答案：B听力原文：When are you going to discuss our plan?3．A．It’s a good one.B．It’s a good idea.C．You are right.D．Tomorrow morning.正确答案：D听力原文：Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?4．A．Also coffee.B．Tea, please.C．Thank you very much.D．That’s all right.正确答案：B听力原文：Hello, can I speak to Mr. Simpson, please?5．A．Hold on, please.B．Whom do you want?C．Don’t go away.D．Well, you can’t.正确答案：ASection BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.听力原文：A: Could you give me a wake-up call tomorrow morning at 5:30?W: Certainly. Tell me your room number, please.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?6．A．In a hotel.B．In a bank.C．At a meeting.D．At a post office.正确答案：A听力原文：W: Nancy bought a computer for only $ 1,500 last week.M: Really? I’d like to have a look at it.Q: What did Nancy buy?7．A．A recorder.B．A heater.C．A computer.D．A motorbike.正确答案：C听力原文：M: How do you feel about the test?W: There were many difficult questions I couldn’t answer.Q: How did the woman feel about the test?8．A．She did well on the test.B．She found the test difficult.C．She needed more time to finish the test.D．She could answer most of the questions.正确答案：B听力原文：M: Why, you look so pale! What’s wrong with you?W: I have a terrible headache.Q: What do we know about the woman?9．A．To the seaside.B．To the city center.C．To the countryside.D．To the new bridge.正确答案：A听力原文：M: What did you do over the weekend?W: Oh, we had a wonderful time on the beach.Q: Where did the woman go on the weekend?10．A．She is sad.B．She is upset.C．She is nervous.D．She is iii.正确答案：DSection CDirections: In this section you will hear a short recorded passage. The passage has some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words or phrases on the blank in order of numbered blanks according to what you hear. The third reading is for you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin.听力原文：Jim is my brother-in-law. He was suffering from a toothache last week. But he didn’t want to see a doctor. Finally, however, my mother-in-law decided that she would go and see the doctor herself. She carefully explained that although her son had a lot of pain, he was refusing to get treatment. Her son was afraid of doctors. The nurse told her that they were used to dealing with this common fear and would be able to fit Jim in right away. “How old is your little boy?”she asked. My mother-in-law replied, “He’s 40 years old.”Jim is my brother-in-law. He was 【B1】______ a toothache last week. But he didn’t want to see a doctor. Finally, 【B2】______ , my mother-in-law decided that she would go and see the doctor herself. She carefully 【B3】______ that although herson had a lot of pain, he was refusing to get treatment. Her son was 【B4】______ doctors. The nurse told her that they were used to dealing with this 【B5】______ fear and would be able to fit Jim in right away. “How old is your little boy?” she asked. My mother-in-law replied, “He’s 40 years old.”11．【B1】正确答案：suffering from12．【B2】正确答案：however13．【B3】正确答案：explained14．【B4】正确答案：afraid of15．【B5】正确答案：commonPart II V ocabulary and Structure (15 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A , B, C, and D.16．How many computers will the company ______ this year?A．turn upB．turn outC．turn onD．turn over正确答案：B17．He told me that I ______ be present at the ceremony.A．couldB．wouldC．shouldD．might正确答案：C18．______, he can quickly find out what’s wrong with the machine.A．Having been well trainedB．Having well trainedC．To be well trainedD．To have been well trained正确答案：A19．In that country, the cost of living ______ quickly after the war broke out.A．racedB．raisedC．aroseD．rose正确答案：D20．It was in that small village ______ our president was born.A．whichB．whenC．thatD．as正确答案：C21．His grandmother brought him up, because his parents ______ when he was only one year old.A．passed awayB．passed outC．passed offD．passed over正确答案：A22．He looked up and saw that the moon was ______ the trees in the east.A．inB．aboveC．onD．among正确答案：B23．Since the introduction of the new technique, the production cost ______ greatly.A．reducesB．is reducedC．is reducingD．has been reduced正确答案：D24．Breakfast is ______ in the dining-room from 6:30 to 8:30 a.m. at this hotel.A．servedB．madeC．eatenD．cooked正确答案：A25．I hope they ______ this road by the time we come back next summer.A．have repairedB．will repairC．are to repairD．will have repaired正确答案：DSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each bland with the proper form of the word given in the brackets.26．The Chairman emphasized his ideas by speaking more (loud) ______.正确答案：loudly27．There has been a large (grow) ______ of light industries during these years.正确答案：growth28．The manager asked the secretary to (short) ______ the report to 600 words.正确答案：shorten29．Living in the country is less (expense) ______ than living in the city.正确答案：expensive30．The children from the U.S. got used to (eat) ______ Chinese food quite soon.正确答案：eating31．If the medicine (take) ______ in time, it will be quite effective.正确答案：is taken32．I saw the man (knock) ______ down by a car in the street.正确答案：knocked / being knocked33．They stopped (search) ______ for the missing plane as the weather was very rough.正确答案：searching34．In two months’ time he (finish) ______ his training and start work.正确答案：will finish / will have finished35．He talked as if he (do) ______ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.正确答案：had donePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice.Anthropology(人类学) is the study of how people live. It includes their family life, religion, art, laws and language. The term anthropology comes from two Greek words: “anthropos” means “human being” and “logy” means “the science of”. Anthropology can be divided into two areas. These two main divisions are cultural anthropology and physical anthropology. Culture includes many things, Such as art, religion, laws, and even furniture and movies. Anthropologists define human progress in three main steps. Step one begins with the first human being and continuesuntil the last of the people who hunted animals just to survive. Step two includes people who grew food. In this step, there was progress in invention and religion. The third step deals with the first civilizations(文明), such as those in Egypt and parts of Asia. Anthropologists always seek new information about people. For instance, recent evidence found in Ethiopia and Kenya shows humans earlier in history than it was previously believed.36．According to the passage, anthropology mainly deals with ______.A．family life, religion and artB．differences between human racesC．the study of ancient peopleD．the study of different cultures正确答案：C37．Which of the following belongs to the second step of human progress?A．Many religions and inventions were made.B．People hunted animals just to survive.C．The early civilizations came into being.D．People started to learn science and art.正确答案：A38．Which of the following statements is TRUE?A．Furniture and movies belong to physical anthropology.B．Anthropologists are still trying to get new findings about people.C．The study of human beings began in Greek times.D．The first civilizations appeared only in Egypt and parts of Asia.正确答案：B39．What have anthropologists recently found?A．There are cultural anthropology and physical anthropology.B．There are three steps in the progress of human beings.C．There were more civilizations in Egypt than in parts of Asia.D．There is a longer history of human beings than it was thought before.正确答案：D40．Which could be the best title for the passage?A．What is Anthropology.B．The Progress of Human Beings.C．The First Civilizations.D．The Work of Anthropologists.正确答案：ATask 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.In Spain in summer there are many villages with a lot of tourists. The tourists go to the villages with their families, where there are festivals. People living around the villages also go to these festivals. To begin the festivals they throw big fireworks and the mayor(市长) makes a speech. When he finishes, people applaud and parties begin. In the morning of the first day people organize chocolate parties and clowns (小丑) for the children. In the afternoon there is a festival for the grandparents with music, drinks and food. And at night a big party is held for everybody. At the party, people dance and sing. They feel very happy in the festivals and go to bed very late. Next morning they get up much later than usual；then they go to a place where there are poetry(诗歌) competitions, squares(纵横字谜), etc. Later the people go to a ceremony in the church to visit their dead family members. In the afternoon there is a fair and everybody goes to it to buy things or to go for a walk. At night a famous pop music group goes to the village and holds a concert and at 12 or 1 o’clock the group plays traditional songs. The third day is the last day, people are still very happy. To end the festivals they throw a lot of artificial fire. People .will have to wait till the next year for such festivals.41．How long do the village festivals usually last?A．Two days.B．Three days.C．Four days.D．The whole summer.正确答案：B42．The festival begins with ______.A．a concert and danceB．children’s partiesC．a speech by the organizerD．a display of fireworks正确答案：D43．During the first day of the festival, the people ______.A．go to a fair and visit the churchB．have a concert and competitionsC．have parties, dance and singD．visit the dead and throw artificial fires正确答案：C44．According to the passage, who take part in the festival?A．Tourists as well as the people around the village.B．Tourists and their families.C．The mayor and the villagers.D．The grandparents and their children.正确答案：A45．Which of the following is TRUE about the festivals?A．More tourists visit the villages than the cities in Spain.B．Tourists usually watch the performances instead of taking part in them.C．The last day of the festival is the happiest.D．The festivals last till very late in the night.正确答案：DTask 3Directions: The following is a passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline in the table below (No. 46 through 50). You should write your answers briefly (in no more than 3 words) on the blanks.Last month Dave went on holiday to France. He caught the train from London to Dover and then went by boat across the Channel. He met a friend on the boat, then they caught the train to Paris and stopped in Milan Hotel. While staying in Paris, he visited some historic sites. After a few days he went by bus to Lyon, and arrived there in the evening. He stayed in a small hotel. Next day he visited Lyon Museum of Natural History. Early on the third day, he took a bus to Monaco. He thought Monaco was an attractive city and he stayed there for nearly two weeks in Anchor Hotel in the center. He visited a lot of museums and art galleries(艺术画廊). In Monaco he hired a car and drove south down the coast to Marseille. He stayed in Moucher Hotel with some friends for three days. They visited a historic site there. Finally he returned to Lyon and flew home.46．正确答案：Historic sites47．正确答案：Lyon48．正确答案：One day49．正确答案：Anchor Hotel50．正确答案：Three daysTask 4Directions: The following is a list of terms. After reading it, you are required to find the items equivalent to those given in Chinese in the table below. Than you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets of question NO. 51-55.A--Information H--Morning CallB--Room Service I--Banking ServiceC--Check-in Counter J--ReservationD--Recreation Facilities K--ReceptionE--Check-out Counter L--Medical CareF--Booking Office M--TelecommunicationsG--Laundry ServiceN--Locker51．( ) 入住登记( ) 娱乐设施正确答案：C、D52．( ) 票务服务( ) 金融服务正确答案：F、I53．( ) 唤醒服务( ) 医疗服务正确答案：H、L54．( ) 洗衣服务( ) 送餐服务正确答案：G、B55．( ) 房间预定( ) 退房结帐正确答案：J、ETask 5Directions: The following is a passage. After reading the passage you should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.56 through No.60) following them.The Light Industrial ProductsImport & Export CorporationStafford StreetWolverhampton WV1 1SBTel: (01902) 322479Fax: (01902) 322739Email: le1968 wlv, ac. uk Aug. 4,2000Dear Mr. Smith, Thank you very much for your letter of 18th July. We have also received the cow split leather and work glove samples(样品) you sent us. We are glad to inform you that your order for the work gloves has been put to work. As we can’t see which one is Item P79252 and which one is Item SUR100, please give us an explanation as soon as possible. We have pleasure in informing you that we have given the above-mentioned cow split leather and your samples to our factory for producing sample products. When we get any further news, we will contact you right away. We thank you very much for this first order, and hope that this transaction(交易) will be the beginning of a long and friendly connection with your firm. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours truly, Peter Anderson56．What did Peter get together with the letter of 18th, July? ______ and work glove samples.正确答案：cow split leather57．What has already been put into production?The ______ in the order.正确答案：work gloves / sample products58．Why did Peter ask for an explanation about the two items mentioned?Because he ______ the difference between them.正确答案：didn’t know / couldn’t tell59．When will Peter contact Mr. Smith again? When he has ______.正确答案：any further news60．For what did Peter thank Mr. smith at the end of the letter? For ______.正确答案：his first order / the first order he gotPart IV Translation from English to Chinese (25 minutes)Directions: This part is to test your ability to translate English into Chinese. Each of the four sentences (No. 61 to No. 64) is followed by four choices of suggested translation marked A, B, C and D. Make the best choice and mark the corresponding letter in the blanks. Forquestion No. 65, write your translation of the paragraph in the corresponding space.61．She has put on a lot of weight since she got out of the hospital.A．自从出院以来她挑起了工作的重担。

2000年考研英语真题及答案

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Structure and V ocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.” Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1.As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing[B] to hear[C] to be hearing[D] having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D] thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe[B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed[D] sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.[A] which[B] where[C] when[D] that6.Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ________ out of the office.[A] went[B] gone[C] to go[D] would go7.The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A] of[B] on[C] to[D] with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ________ you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9.It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the whole business.[A] rather[B] so[C] than[D] as10.Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ________ one.[A] getting[B] to get[C] gotten[D] getPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11.Having isolated [A] on a remote island, with [B] little work to occupy [C] them, the soldierssuffered from boredom and low spirits [D].12.If the letter to be mailed [A] was placed [B] on the writing table an hour ago, it is [C] certain being [D] there now.13.The ruling [A] party could even lose its [B] majority in the lower house of parliament, started[C] a period of prolonged struggling [D].14.The mechanisms at [A] work are manifest [B] in the tendency for such physical activity to [C] utilize the potential [D] harmful constituents of the stress response.15.In [A] the long run, however, this hurry to shed [B] full-time staff may be more [C] harmful to industry as it is to [D] the workforce.16.See to it [A] that you include in [B] the examination paper whatever [C] questions they didn’t know the answer [D] last time.17.Most newspapers, while devoting [A] the major part of its [B] space to recent events, usually manage to find room [C] on the inside pages for articles on [D] some interesting topics.18.One sign by which [A] you are making progress in an art [B] such as painting or photography is that [C] you begin to realize how much there is [D] to learn.19.The ideal listener stays both inside and outside [A] the music at the moment it is played and enjoying [B] it almost as much as [C] the composer at the moment he composes [D].20.Continued [A] exposure to stress has been linked to worsened [B] functioning of the immune system, leaving [C] a person more liable for [D] infection.Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21.He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22.France’s ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23.The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager’s office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28.When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29.The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30.I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31.At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32.When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33.________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] V oyage34.Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35.The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39.You don’t have to install this radio in your new car, it’s an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn’t ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attributeSection II: Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41.[A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42.[A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43.[A] for[B] against[C] supplement[D] dispose44.[A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45.[A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46.[A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47.[A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48.[A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49.[A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50.[A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III: Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53.What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationText 2Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twiceas many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56.What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereText 3When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59.This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60.When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61.Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62.The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureText 4Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline ofthe traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.” Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63.In the Westerner’s eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women’s participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- health, distinction, control over one’s destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.。

2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案

2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试本试卷第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至13页。

第二卷1至4页共150分，考试时间120分钟。

第一卷（三大题，共95分）注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂在答题卡上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用像橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3．考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

I．单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

例：haveA．gave B．save C．hat D．made答案是C。

1．rushA．dull B．butcher C．sugar D．Push2．northernA．strength B．wealth C．thus D．Throw3．silenceA．weigh B．ceiling C．bargain D．Height4．occurA．ocean B．opposite C．official D．offer5．pleasureA．possession B．television C． anxious D．preciousB）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案例：We ____________last night , but we went to the concert instead.A．must have studied B．might studyC．should have studied D．would study答案是C。

6．What about having a drink?_____________A．Good idea. B．Help yourself.C．Go ahead , please D．Me , too.7．I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some _________.A．at last B． in caseC．once again D．in time8．_______to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.A．Brave enough students B．Enough brave studentsC．Students brave enough D．Students enough brave9．Waiter!_____________I can't eat this , It's too salty.A．Yes, sir? B．What?C．All right? D．Pardon?10．Most animals little connection with ________animals of _________different kind unless they kill them for food.A．the ; a B．不填 ; aC．the ; the D．不填 ; the11．It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___________if you don't speak the language.A．extremely B．naturallyC．basically D．especially12．Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clare you must learn to __________.A．support B．careC．spare D．share13．You've left the light on.Oh , so J have .________and turn it off.A．I'll go B．I've goneC．I go D．I'm going14．Someone called me up in the middle the night , but they hung up __________I could answer the phone.A．as B．sinceC．until D．before15．Are you coming to Jeff's party?I'm not sure . I ________go to the concert instead.A．must B．wouldC．should D．might16．If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_______$15.A．another B．otherC．more D．Each17．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.A．who B．whichC．this D．what18．______production up by 60% , the company has had another excellent year.A．As B．ForC．With D．Through19．I've worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job.A．expect ed B．to expectC．to be expecting D．expects20．How are you today?Oh , I ___________as ill as I do now for a very long time.A．didn't fell B．wasn't feelingC．don't fell D．haven't felt21．The WTO cannot live up to its name ________it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.A．as long as B．whileC．if D．even though22．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year.A．carry out B．carrying outC．carried out D．to carry out23．Why don't we take a little break?Didn't we just have __________?A．it B．thatC．one D．this24．It is the ability to do the job _______matters where you come from or what you are.A．one B．thatC．what D．it25． The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when be saw it.A．was travelling B．travelledC．had been traveling D．was to travel.II完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。

2000年考研英语真题及解析

age, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large uantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］

2000年英语试题及参考答案

2000年英语试题及参考答案Section ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］,Choose the one that best pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by black-Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times1979.[A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer[A］［B］［C］［■］1.As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciatefrom you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. ［A］hearing ［B］to hear ［C］to be hearing ［D］having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, to find it locked.［A］just ［B］only ［C］hence ［D］thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.［A］to sunbathe ［B］to have sunbathed［C］having sunbathed ［D］sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance pany for your goods, you are not entitled a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.［A］to ［B］with ［C］for ［D］on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston". ［A］which ［B］where ［C］when ［D］that6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away, as though out of the office.［A］went ［B］gone ［C］to go ［D］would go7.The roles expected old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.［A］of ［B］on ［C］to ［D］ with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you'll soon discover that the science of geics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.［A］or ［B］and ［C］for ［D］so9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.［A］rather ［B］so ［C］than ［D］as10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce, let alone one.［A］getting ［B］to get ［C］gotten ［D］getSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked［A］，［B］［C］，and［D］.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5points)Sorry, this section has to be shown in GIF format. We'll plete it soon. Please pay attention to our website:edu.yesky.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.Choose the one that best pletes the sentenec. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected The sentence should read," The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］21.He spoke so that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.［A］bluntly ［B］convincingly［C］emphatically ［D］determinedly22.France's of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. ［A］assumption ［B］consumption［C］presumption ［D］resumption23.The 215-page manu, circulated to publishers last October, an outburst of interest.［A］flared ［B］glittered ［C］sparked ［D］flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties.［A］came off ［B］came on ［C］came round ［D］came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the work and eventually it in a profitable direction.［A］adapt ［B］control ［C］install ［D］steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.［A］secure ［B］extend ［C］defend ［D］possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be at the manager's office.［A］declared ［B］obtained ［C］reclaimed ［D］recognized28.When I my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.［A］woke up ［B］took to ［C］picked up ［D］came to29.The American society is an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with thepossibility of a worsening environment.［A］established on ［B］affiliated to［C］originated from ［D］incorporated with30.I am not with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.［A］concerned ［B］patible ［C］considerate ［D］plied31.At first, the of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.［A］transaction ［B］transmission［C］transformation ［D］transition32.When the mittee to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.［A］got down ［B］set about ［C］went off ［D］came up33.to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.［A］Orientation ［B］Aess ［C］Procession ［D］Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual: he was first an office clerk, the a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.［A］profession ［B］oupation ［C］position ［D］career35.The mayor is a woman with great and therefore deserves our political and financial support.［A］intention ［B］instinct ［C］integrity ［D］intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest to everyone.［A］speculation ［B］attribution ［C］utilization ［D］proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.［A］renders ［B］reckons ［C］regards ［D］relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly be, and display in the job.［A］swift ［B］instant ［C］timely ［D］punctual39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car,it's an extra.［A］excessive ［B］optional ［C］additional ［D］arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't to the traffic jam of the busy city.［A］aid ［B］amount ［C］add ［D］attributePartⅡ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there arefour choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)If a farmer wishes to sueed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and hisfamily 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable ef。

2000年12月大学英语四级考试试题答案与详解

2000年12月大学英语四级考试试题答案与详解41. It is important that the hotel receptionist ____ that guests are registered correctly.A) make sure B) has made sureC) made sure D) must make sureA)。

【译文】宾馆招待员确保顾客正确登记是很重要的。

【解析】虚拟语气题。

虚拟语气常用于“It is important (necessary，desirable，imperative，advisable)that…”等主语从句中，从句谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形。

42. I suggested he should ____ himself to his new conditions.A) adopt B) regulate C) suit D) adaptD)。

【译文】我建议他应该让自己适应新的环境。

【解析】动词辨析题。

Adapt意为“使适应”，常用于adapt oneself to 的搭配，意为“调整自己以适应…”。

Adopt“采用，采纳；收养”；regulate“管理，控制”；suit“使满意，合适”。

43. I’ll never forget ____ you for the first time.A) to meet B) to have metC) meeting D)having to be meetingC)。

【译文】我永远也不会忘记第一次遇见你的情形。

【解析】动动词题。

英语中有许多词后既可接动名词又可接不定式，但二者的意思有所不同，forget to do sth. 表示“忘了去做某事（应该去做的）”，而forget doing sth.表示“忘记（做过的）某事”。

除了forget外，还有：try + 不定式表示“努力，企图”，try + 动名词表示“试一试某种办法”；remember + 不定式“表示记得要做某件事”，remember + 动名词表示“记得做过某事”；regret + 不定式表示“对尚未做过的或正在做的事感到遗憾”，regret + 动名词表示“对做过的事感到后悔”；stop + 不定式表示“停下来开始去做某事”，stop + 动名词表示“停止手头正在做的事”。

2000年12月英语六级试题及答案

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D] 1. A) Get some change form Jane. B) Use the woman’s phone. C) Go look for a pay phone. D) Pay for the phone call. 2. A) At a bookstore. B) In a workshop. C) At an art gallery. D) In a department store. 3. A) She’s bought the man a pair of glasses today. B) She will help the man to catch up. C) She is worried about the man’s health.D) She has bought the man an up-to-date map. 4. A) He is going to give a talk on fishing. B) He thinks fishing is a good way to kill time. C) He has the same hobby as Susan’s father. D) He is eager to meet Susan’s parents. 5. A) He finds the presentation hard to follow. B) He considers the presentation very dull. C) He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic. D) He speaks highly of the presentation. 6. A) High quality paper. B) A typewriter. C) A bookshelf. D) Some stocks. 7. A) They go to the seaside. B) They set off early. C) They go sightseeing. D) They wait for a fine day. 8. A) He was late for school on the first day. B) He had a funny face. C) He was the first person she met at school. D) He liked to show off in class. 9. A) Her car can stand any crash. B) Her car is not as good as his. C) Her car is maintained as well as his. D) Her car is kept in good condition. 10. A) She is too busy to go. B) She doesn’t want to wait long. C) She’s willing to go swimming. D) She enjoys the wonderful weather.Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage one Question 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A) He was once a friend of the ruler. B) He was a tax collector. C) He was a government official. D) He was once a school teacher in India. 12. A) To declare new ways of collecting tax. B) To entertain those who had made great contributions to the government. C) To collect money from the persons invited. D) To reward outstanding tax collectors. 13. A) They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.B) They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler. C) They were excused from paying income tax. D) They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the ruler’s palace.Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) They liked traveling. B) They wanted to find a better place to live in. C) They were driven out of their homes. D) The reasons are unknown. 15. A) They try to put up with Gypsies. B) They are envious of Gypsies. C) They are unfriendly to Gypsies. D) They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies. 16. A) Special schools have been set up for them. B) Permanent homes have been built for them. C) They are now taught in their own language. D) They are now allowed to attend local schools.Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A) The causes are obvious. B) The causes are very complicated. C) The causes are familiar. D) The causes are not well understood. 18. A) Regular driver training. B) Improved highway design. C) Stricter traffic regulations. D) Better public transportation. 19. A) Highway crime. B) Poor traffic control. C) Confusing road signs. D) Drivers’ errors. 20. A) Designing better cars. B) Building more highways. C) Increasing people’s awareness of traffic problems. D) Enhancing drivers’ sense of responsibility.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,” it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding foryou and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 21. Behavior problems of dogs are believe to _______. A) be just part of their nature B) worsen in modern society C) occur when they go wild D) present a threat to the community 22. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______. A) teach the dog to perform clever tricks B) make the dog aware of its owner’s authority C) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior D) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior 23. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______. A) essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems B) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks C) a good way to teach the dog new tricks D)an extreme measure in obedience training 24. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A) To avoid being punished. B) To show their affection for their masters. C) To win leadership of the dog pack. D) To show their willingness to obey. 25. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______. A) can give the dog more rewards B) will enjoy a better family life C) can give the dog more freedom D) will have more confidence in himselfPassage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

2000年下半年英语（一）(全国卷)PART ONEI.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

1.Death and taxes are two things in life that every American can be sure ______ .[A]of[B]for[C]at[D]with2.The Atlantic Ocean is over 6,000 km ______where Christopher Columbus crossed it.[A]deep[B]wide[C]long[D]across3.Two men were sitting in a doctor's waiting room. "What are you in here______?"asked one.[A]for[B]to[C]on[D]about4.It is a good idea for parents to monitor the ______ as well as the kind of television that their preschool child watches.[A]number[B]size[C]amount[D]program5.In the garage sale, eager buyers bought all but 50 of the unwanted itemsin one weekend, leaving the Ericksons $442 ______.[A]rich[B]better[C]richer[D}good6.Many people have made a ______to a physical fitness program so as tomaintain good health.[A]decision[B]commitment[C]contribution[D]difference7.Many species of animals are under the threat of ______because of the rapid change of natural environment.[A]guns[B]existence[C]hunters[D]extinction8.The knowledge and power of the Information Age will be within reach notjust of the few, _____of every classroom, every library in the near future.[A]but[B]instead[C]because[D]then9.Generally,the children stay in the nuclear family______ they grow up and marr y.[A]although[B]as[C]until[D]where10.The difference between the baby twins is so small ______ it is even hardfor their Mum to tell.[A]as[B]that[C]since[D]ifII. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point for each)下列短文中有10个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

Children are curious about the world around them. For example, they want toknow___11___ their hearts beat. They want to know why the ocean water___12___ salty. ___13___children grow up, they become curious aboutdifferent kinds of things. When they are babies, they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of their mothers. ___14___ theybecome interested in the physical world around them the plants, the animals,the sky. Later, they become interested in the things___15___ people havemade: wheels, bicycles, cars. And when they are adults, their curiosity___16___. Sometimes this curiosity leads to a ___17___ in science.Scientists spend their lives ___18___ to find out about the world. ___19___ who work with the earth sciences study the earth, the oceans, and the skies. ___20___scientists who study living work with the biological sciences. Athird group of scientistsstudy the physical sciences, e.g. physics, chemistry.11.[A]what[B]how[C]which[D]when12.[A]feels[B]smells[C]tastes[D]looks13.[A]As[B]Since[C]As soon as[D]As long as14.[A]so[B]Even[C]Thus[D]Then15.[A]that[B]whom[C]why[D]in which16.[A]exists[B]stops[C]continues[D]decreases17.[A]work[B]research[C]field[D]career18.[A]try[B]to try[C]trying[D]tried19.[A]That[B]This[C]Those[D]These20.[A]Other[B]Another[C]Others[D]The otherIII. Reading Comprehension 930 points, 2 points for each)从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。

Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 to 25 are based on the following passage.For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use anotherkind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use "essay" tests, which require students to write long answers to broad, general questionssuch as the following:" Mention several ways I which Benjamin Franklin hasinfluenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world." One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the elementof luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more abort the student'sability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show howdeeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests gave disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write rather good answerswithout really knowing much about the subject, while other students whoactually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in the essay fo rm.Besides, in an essay test the student's score may depend upon the examiner's feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examinerreading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this,the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course itis easier and quicker to score.Whether an objective test or an essay test it used, problems arise. Whensome objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student's knowledge can usually be obtained.21.What may have been discussed in the previous paragraphs?[A]The essay test.[B][How teachers test their students.[C]How students write their essays.[D]The objective test.22.The essay test is preferred because _______?[A]it shows more about the student's understanding of the subject[B]it tests the student's knowledge of the material as well as hisexpression of ideas.[C]it gives each student a fairer chance[D]its scoring may be influenced by the examiner's feelings23.The word 'this'(Line 4, Para.3)refers to the fact that _______?[A]students may receive a lower score in an essay test[B]another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark[C]different examiners may give the same essay different scores[D]the objective test gives each student a fairer chance24.According to the passage, which of the following statements about theobjective test is NOT true?[A]It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring.[B]It allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.[C]It shows the student's ability to think about difficult problems.[D]It is easy and quick to score.25.According to the author, an ideal test should be ________?[A]an objective test[B]an essay test[C]a combination of the two[D]something newPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Around the world two thirds of the people are farmers. Most of them engagein subsistence farming. This means that they raise plants and animals tofurnish their families with food and other supplies. They consume theirvaried output and have little to sell or to trade for other goods.Subsistence farms were common in the United States at on time, but there are few such farms today.Two thirds of American farmers practice commercial farming. Commercial farms produce about 97 per cent of the country's agricultural goods. These farmsare operated much like other industries. The members of the farm familyproduce the commodities(商品)that will be sent to the market. They sell their products and buy the things they need.Some commercial farms are big factories in the field. They may be owned bycompany or by an individual as an investment. Most American farms, however, are still operated by families. A farmer may own or rent his land.In a country as large as the United States, farms vary widely in climate,land surface, soil, water supply, convenience to market, and othercharacteristics. Different regions may have different kinds of specializedfarms. Specialized farmers concentrate on the kind of farming best suited to the land and climate, to their technical skills, and to the money theyinvest in the farm.However, no region is limited to a single type of farm. Indeed few farms are limited to one crop or commodity. Where out put is varied and no one kind of crop or commodity produces more than half of a farm's income, it isclassified as a general farm. The general farmer grows varied crops to use the efferent kinds of soils or surfaces on his land and to employ his timeand machinery most efficiently.26.Subsistence farmers ______.[A]grow crops for their families' own use[B]sell a lot of their products for money[C]trade their varied out put for other goods[D]use their agricultural products as commodities27.Subsistence farms ______.[A]are very popular in the United States now[B]are still common in many parts of the world[C]consist of two thirds of the total number of the farms in the world today[D]used to be the major form of farming in the world28.American commercial farms ______.[A]furnish the country with two thirds of the food its people need[B]are run in much the same way as other industries[C]are all owned by different companies[D]never rent their land for farming29.Aspecialized farm is characterized by ______.[A]its especially large size[B]its independence of the market[C]its concentration on a single type of farming[D]tits special way of operation30.A farm is classified a general if ______.[A]more than half of its income comes from varied crops[B]it is limited to a single type of farm[C]it employs different kinds of machines[D]the soils or surfaces of its land are used most efficientlyPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.No one knows for sure why birds migrate(定期迁徙).One theory of migrationsays that ancient birds of the northern part of the earth were forcedsouthward during the Ice Age, when ice covered large parts of Europe, Asiaand North America. As the ice melted, the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again in winter. Gradually, these comings and goings became habits, and birds now migrate though much of the ice has gone.Another theory proposes that the ancient home of all modern birds was thetropic areas. There lived so well that the region became overcrowded. Manyspecies had to move northward. During the summer, these birds found plentyof room and food. In winter, however, food became scarce and they had toreturn to the south.A newer theory is that increasing daylight stimulates certain glands(腺)inthe bird's body and prepares it for migration. One scientist is able to make birds migrate in midwinter by ex posing them for two months to artificialdaylight. Recoveries of marked birds indicate that they fly north as soon as they are set free. The conclusion is that the urge to migrate is determined by changes in the bird's body which take place under seasonal changes in the length of daylight.This theory would account for the fact that not all birds migrate at thesame time. Each species seems to have its own schedule. The theory wouldalso account for the regular time and routes of migration. Birds arrive at a given place year after year.Unfavorable weather delays them only a few days. Total hours of daylight,rather than weather, start them on the way.How birds find their way to the same place year and why they follow theirown particular route are still mysteries. They evidently do not follow known landmarks(地面标志),for many young birds migrate alone without the help ofexperienced adults.31.We can conclude from the first paragraph that ______.[A]during the Ice Age, the whole Europe was covered with ice[B]the south used to be the homelands of all birds[C]scientists can confidently explain why birds migrate now[D]migration of birds can be explained by the change of ice on earth32.The birds mentioned in the third paragraph fly north in midwinter because __ ______.[A]they are specially trained by a scientist[B]they are affected by seasonal changes[C]there is a change in their body temperature[D]they are exposed to extra daylight33.The phrase "account for" (line2,Para.4)most probably means _______.[A]indicate[B]explain[C]prove[D]provide34.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A]Birds do not migrate at the same time.[B]Birds usually follow regular routes of migration.[C]Each species has a special reason for migration.[D]Birds migrate to their own particular places every year.35.The best title for the passage is ______.[A]Different Accounts of Migration[B]Migration and Weather[C]New Discovery of Bird Migration[D]Routes of Bird MigrationPART TWOIV. Word Spelling(10 point,1 point for two words)将下列汉语单词译成英语并写在答题纸上。