上外中级口译第三版听力教程原文及讲解--Unit 4

中级口译听力教程第三版2AAn intermediate course of English listening. Third edition.Unit four. Part one. How children learn social behaviors.2. Exercises. 1. This is a talk about how children learn social behaviors. Listen to the first part of the talk and then supply the missing words you hear from the talk.W: Hi, welcome. Today we are going to talk about how children learn social behaviors, especially how they learn lessons from the family, the most basic unit of our social structure. There are a lot of discussions these days about how families are changing, and whether non-traditional families have a good or bad effect on children. But it’s important to remember that the type of the family a child comes from is not nearly as important as the kind of love and support that exist in the home. I’d like to focus on three of the ways the children acquire their behavior, through rewards, punishments, and finally modeling. First then, let’s discuss rewards. A reward can be defined as a positive reinforcement for good behavior. An example of a reward is when the parent says if you eat your vegetable you can have ice-cream for dissert, or a parent might say finish your homework first then you can watch TV. Most parents use rewards unconsciously, because they want their children to behave well. For example, a parent might give a gift to a child because the child behaved well, or parents might give child money for doing what the parents asked.2. Now listen to the second part of the talk. Provide the missing information in the spaces given below.The opposite of the reward is a punishment. Punishments are the second important way in which a child is socialized. All of us have probably been punished in our lives. For example maybe our parents stopped us from going out with friends, because we did something we were not supposed to do, or maybe they wouldn’t let us watch TV, because we got a bad grade on the test. Both rewards and punishments are controversial. Many people think they are not effective or necessary, especially when used often. Let’s take this situation. A young boy has been asked to take out the garbage. Listen to situation A. The parents say if you take out the garbage for me I will give you a cookie. Some people argue that this reward is unnecessary, because it’s like a bribe. They argue that the child should be taught that it’s his duty to help with house hold chords, and that he should not get a special reward for doing something that’s his responsibility. Situation B would go something like this. David please take out the trash now. And David says OK dad. Not surprisingly punishment is extremely controversial, especially when the punishment is physical. Some of us grew up expecting to be spanked if we misbehaved. For example, our parents may have hit us on the hand if we talked back to them. But I don’t agree that spanking can teach children anything. And sadly some children are subject to really serious physical abuse. According to a study I just read one in 22 children is a victim of physical abuse. Children who come from homes where violence were used to solve problems are much more likely to abuse their own children when they become adults and have their own families.Part 2. Statements. 3. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer which is closed in meaning to each statement you hear.1. Since you said you totally agreed with Tom’s views, you ought to have stood up for him in the argument at the meeting yesterday afternoon.2. Alan used to read 2 books a week when he was attending university in Germany, but now he reads twice as many.3. Located by the lake side and surrounded with so many tall trees, it would have been an attractiv e house if it hadn’t been painted green.4. Failing to understand what professor Grown said in class, the students were confused about the written assignment that he told them to do.5. You say that George is going to work in New York for the summer. But can he do that and also go to summer school?6. I just have to make several phone calls and will be ready in a few minutes. You can go down to the lobby for the paper.7. It was the rush hour and the traffic was extremely heavy on the street. The bus should have arrived at 8 o’clock. But it didn’t arrive until 8:45.8. Jenny is extremely busy these days. She has to spend so much time in the library to finish her papers before the exams begin.9. After studying and teaching in that well-known university for 25 years, Charles has left there for good. He is living quietly now in his hometown.10. Mike said he was looking for a job in a book store, but when he had the chance to work there he turned it down.11. We tried to persuade him not to go swimming in the lake by the forest, but in vain. He never listens to others.12. After his doctor told him how to stay healthy, Mr. Johnson hardly ever smokes, though he used to be a chain smoker.13. I got some bad news today. The store where I work is laying off staff. I am worried that they are going to let me go.14. As a member of the board of the multi-national company he has no voice at all in the matter, though he little realizes it.15. Lucky you! You finished your exams and can relax and go to the movie tonight. I have still got two more finals to take.16. After investigating the case for more than 2 months under the order of the public security minister, the police all but caught the smugglers.17. Although the accountant promised to help by all he could, the auditor called into question the accuracy of the figures in the book.18. Sitting all day in the reading room with so many students passing by him, the professor often loses himself in books.19. I hear that you are taking professor Barn’s cou rse next semester, if I were you I would take careful notes, his exams are based on his lectures.20. If you have no change for the parking meter, go into the restaurant right across the street. You will probably be able to change a dollar bill.Part 3. 3. Exercises.1. My family. Listen to the following conversation about Simon’s family. And then choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Hello, Simon. I’d like to talk to you about your family.M: Well, probably the most important influence in my life was my family. Not just my mother and father, but my extended family. I grew up very close to them. I had never really sawpeople out besides my family. And we lived together in a 3 generation house.W: Three generations in one house? That’s am azing!M: I remember feeling when I was in the car, and we were going some place with my parents and grand-parents. I used to feel sorry for all the other children on the street, because they weren’t going anywhere with their own families. So I was very h appy.W: Weren’t there ever any problems with you all live in the same house?M: Well, there was a time when I was in college. And you see my father always wanted his children with him. He was actually more protective of us than my mother was. And I remember I had a big project to do for school. And they were going away for the weekend, and I had decided that I wasn’t going to go because I needed to do my work. And this caused a terrible problem. And I did end up going because my father was so upset. So I think of course as I got older I started to realize that I had to live my own life. But it wasn’t that easy. W: How many children were there?M: Well, I was the oldest of three boys. And of course we used to dance and roller-skate in the basement and pl ay together, I didn’t play with children on my block very much.W: It sounds like you had a really good up-bringing.M: Well, I had very positive feelings about my family. And the most positive feeling is love. What I learned from different people in my family and perhaps some of my best traits, my father was a very generous person, and I learned that you should care about other people. Questions:1) Which of the following statements is true about Simon’s family?2) According Simon what was the problem with his family?3) How many children were there in Simon’s family?4) Simon says he has very positive feelings about his family. What is the most positive feeling according to him?2. Growing up in the single parent house hold. This is a conversation about a single parent family. Listen and then choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Michael, I know you grew up in a single parent house hold. Can you tell me about your family?M: OK. My mother and father migrated to the US from Mexico when I was 5 years old, and my sister was 3. But then my mother left my father, so it was just my mother, my sister and myself. And my mother was a garnered worker. You know, sewing. But that industry is seasonal. So when there was work she worked a lot, then she would find people to take care of us until she got home. When we were a little older we pretty much took care of ourselves. W: Did you play with other kids in the neighborhood much?M: Oh, yeah, there was a good stretch when I was in junior high school and played out in the street a lot. After school I would be out and just play stick ball, marbles, yoyo, just ran around the neighborhood.W: What kind of lessons do you think you learn from your mother?M: Well, I guess there were 2 things. The first thing I remember is being taught to pretty much take care of myself. You know, picking up after yourself around the house. And I remember her teaching me cooking, cleaning, and ironing, and I remember running errands because in dinner time there was always something she had forgotten to get.W: You said you learned 2 lessons.M: I guess the other lesson was just, you know, how important it is to get an education. I remember she wanted us to learn Spanish, so she bought a blackboard and started teaching us in the house.W: Well, Michael, over the past generation or so, family structures has changed a lot. How important do you think these changes are?M: Well, I don’t really know if it has changed that much. Sure, there has been an increasing single par ent households. But I don’t know if the family has really changed. But I do think is important is having a person in the family who does what has to be done to show you the right way, so that you get an education, moral instruction, religious outlook, some positive influences in you life, and anger in your life. So, for example, school was very influential in my life. There were enough good teachers to really point me in the right direction. It’s not just what you get in the home, but other positive influences as well.Questions:1) Who compose Michael’s family when his parents separated?2) What was his mother’s job at that time?3) Michael says he learned 2 lessons from his mother, what was the first lesson?4) What was the second lesson he learned from his mother?5) Which of the following statements is true about Michael’s life?3. Is there any advice you could give parents? This is a conversation about adolescence. Listen and then choose the best answer to each question you hear.W: Peter, they say that adolescence is the time when people begin to get most pressure from their peers. Do you think that’s true?M: What I have seen is that adolescence is the time when the pressure begins to shift from the family and the school to friends. I think it begins about 11, but comes into full bloom at about 13, 14.W: What actually happens then?M: Well, the first thing you see is that adolescence begins to make fashion statements. And certainly those ideas don’t come from you. You can tell at a glance that they don’t come from you, like wearing baggy pants that look like it falling down, and piercing their ears. My younger son began to ask if he could dye his hair blue.W: And what did you say?M: We said when he was a little older, he could make that decision, with the hope that that fad would have passed out of style.W: OK, but where would you draw the line? I mean you let him wear baggy pants, but would you let him dye his hair?M: I think in the end I would, but not without a fight.W: So what other things happen?M: Well, as the kids get older you start to lose them, because they are always talking on the phone or talking on line or doing other things. Even when they are home they are in their room most of the time talking on the phone and not just talking on the phone, they might be talking to one person on the phone and to other people on line. And the only thing you know for sure is they are not talking to you.W: Do you think this is all normal behavior? I mean should you be trying to monitor it?M: I think both. It’s healthy to develop your own values, your own tastes. But I also think thatparents should be monitoring it. When it’s a question of fashion, that’s OK. Where you draw the line is when they are doing something dangerous or illegal, drugs, smoking, drinking. W: Is there any advice you could give parents?M: Well, one thing is to think back to your own experiences as a teenager. I must say I find myself repeating the same annoying language my father used with me. I have to try to remember not to do that.W: So how you talked to your kids is important.M: Yes, and it’s hard to watch your kids doing things you don’t want them to do. For example, my kids are into video games. And I can’t find any value whatsoever in these games. But I think you don’t have to like everything your kids do, as long as it’s not dangerous or illegal. Questions:1) What are they talking about in the short conversation?2) According to the conversation adolescence likes to do several things. Which of the following is not one of these things?3) Apart from arguments with their kids, what other things happen to parents as their children get older?4) What is the parents’ right attitude towards such behavior of their kids?5) What advice does the man give to parents at the end of the conversation?Part four. Listening and translation. 3. Exercises.1. Sentence translation. Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below.1) Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper.2) Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money you can get a little house in the country with a garden of your own.3) A total of 442 manufacturers from over 10 countries and regions including China’s Hongkong, Germany, India, Korea, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom, set up 560 boosts to show case their latest range of merchandises.4) Heart disease is the leading cause of death among American women. Yet recent surveys indicate that many women continue to underestimate the threat of heart disease.5) Two teenage boys were arrested for setting their school on fire. They entered the school after classes were over. And set fire to the teacher’s lounge. Luckily no one was hurt.2. Passage translation. Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below. You may take notes while you are listening.1) Because of the energy crisis, scientists have become increasingly interested in the potential of solar energy. The problem that solar energy researchers face is how to harness the sun’s energy effectively and inexpensively. All the useful energy at the surface o f the earth comes from the activity of the sun. The sun heats and feeds mankind. Each year it provides men with 200 million tons of grain, and nearly 10 million tons of wood.2) As one of the largest trade fairs in London for Asian made toys, gifts and household products, the Asia expo has successfully helped thousands of Asian suppliers link up with their numerous European buyers in the past 7 years. This year, the 7th Asia expo was held from Jan 30th to Feb 2ed at Olympia Exhibition Center London. It accommodated 604 exhibitors from China, Korea, Vie Nam, India, and many other Asian countries in a total of631 boods displaying high quality Asian products.Unit fourPart one How children learn social behaviorReinforcement加固; 加强; 增援.DessertTo socialize with（同他人）来往, 交往, 交际/使（某人）适应社会生活Controversial引起或可能引起争论的CookieHouseholdChoreTrash拙劣的材料﹑作品/垃圾; 废物/没出息的人To spank掴（尤指小孩）（尤指打屁股惩罚）: spank a child's bottom掴小孩的屁股.Part twoTo stand up for defend them and make your feelings or opinions very clear= stick up for Lobby（入口的）厅堂; 前厅/游说（政治家等）支持或反对某立法议案Auditor审计员; 查帐人To call in question ask questionFor goodTo lay off 解雇All butBristol布里斯托尔英格兰西南部工业港口城市Part threeGarment（一件）衣服In spring nature wears a new garment. 春天, 大自然披上了新装Stickball A form of baseballMarble大理石Yo-yo专利名悠悠（玩具, 为木制或塑料制两厚圆盘, 中间有一深沟连接一绳, 用手指抻绳可使之沿绳上下移动Anchor /æŋkə(r); ˋæŋkɚ/抛锚; 用锚固装置固定（某物）anchor man主持人,主力Roller-skate shoes with four small wheels 溜冰鞋Upbringing儿童期的教养; 抚育; 养育Extended family 子孙几代组成的大家庭Mexico 墨西哥（天主教西班牙语90 m/population 是美国人和西班牙人结合的后裔food&language 对美国文化影响大）Part FourTo harness类似马具的装备（如降落伞背带或幼童的系带）、控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等To showcase displayed, especially to advantageTo accommodate 住宿、迁就; 迎合、准予或提供某人（某事物）、顺应（某事物[某人]）; Olympia Exhibition Centre in London 伦敦奥林匹亚展览中心Flat garden rent442 Manufacturer 厂商set up 560 booths 展台to showcase their latest range of merchandises 展示他们的最新产品heart disease the leading cause of ……..最大的因素underestimate the threat of 低估。