金融专业英语证考试经验理解.doc
金融专业英语证书考试的经验交流
金融专业英语证书考试的经验交流金融专业英语证书考试运行十周年随笔金融英语证书考试，缩写FECT，全称Financial English Certificate Test，是中国人民银行和国家教育部联合主办的金融行业英语证书考试。
旨为适应金融业改革发展和扩大对外开放的需要，加快我国金融业与国际接轨的步伐，同时面向未来，为国家和各金融机构培养既精通现代金融知识、又能运用英语从事金融业务及管理工作的跨世纪的中、高层复合型人才，促进金融职工队伍素质的全面提高，1994年4月，中国人民银行与国家教委联合发出《关于建立＜金融专业英语证书考试制度＞的通知》，在全国试行金融专业英语证书考试制度。
1995年试点，1996年正式推行，XX年此项考试向社会全面开放，受众由业界发展到社会，这一行业性的英语考试对社会产生了很大的影响，证书的权威性也不断得到肯定。
金融英语证书从一个评价业内在职人员英语素质的行业证书扩大到无报考限制的社会性行业证书，经历了十年的历程。
值此十周年纪念日，我从自己参加考试的体会和收获谈谈对其的认识。
1997年当我进入中国银行铜陵分行国际结算科工作后，我首次听到了“金融英语专业考试”这个名词，当时不识庐山真面目，但行内部分英语专业的同事连续参加但没有通过考试的经历激励了我报考的志向。
当我报名后拿着银行初级类的三本教材后，确实有些发懵了，除了第三本涉及英文函电的内容我还能应付，前两本涉及的业务范围要包括：经济及金融基础知识、贸易和非贸易结算、信贷、会计、资金交易、外汇管理、银行法律等诸多知识。
很多基本的业务概念和术语及一般的业务程序和原理，我都看不连贯甚至不懂，看来确实不能轻视。
当时，我还在进行金融本科的自学考试，为能顺利通过金融英语考试，我拟定了三个月的学习计划。
其中的两个月主要进行金融专业的了解和金融知识储备，比如国际金融、货币银行学、国际经济、会计学的基本内容以及对相关法律的基本认识，国际贸易结算和非贸易结算的实际操作，还要进行专业词汇的准备，掌握一定的金融专业英语词汇量。
fect考试资料(考纲)
fect考试资料(考纲)2022年5月FECT考试――《银行业务与管理》考试大纲一、考试目的本考试为金融英语证书高级水平考试，旨在测试考生应用英语学习、理解和使用现代商业银行业务与管理专业知识和技能的综合能力。
二、考试对象本考试对象为全国金融系统具备一定金融专业知识和英语水平的金融从业人员、大专院校相关专业学生及其他有志于在金融业发展的人员。
三、考试范围1、商业银行概览1.1银行与银行监管1.1.1商业银行的定义1.1.2商业银行的功能1.1.3银行监管的目标1.1.4有效银行监管1.2中国银行业概况1.3世界其他主要国家银行业概况1.4银行经营绩效评估1.4.1商业银行财务报表1.4.2资本回报率模型1.4.3银行市场价值最大化2、银行负债业务2.1银行负债结构2.2银行存款与存款保险2.2.1银行存款种类2.2.2核心存款与不稳定借款2.2.3存款定价2.2.4存款保险3、银行贷款3.1贷款类型和贷款政策3.2银行贷款流程3.2.1业务拓展与信用分析3.2.2贷款审批与发放3.2.3贷后检查3.3企业贷款3.3.1企业贷款种类3.3.2企业贷款特征3.3.3企业贷款评估3.3.4企业贷款定价3.4个人贷款3.4.1个人贷款种类3.4.2个人贷款特征3.4.3个人贷款信用分析3.5小企业贷款的评估4、银行中间业务4.1银行中间业务发展趋势4.2支付与现金管理服务4.2.1基本支付工具4.2.2基本支付方法4.2.3现金管理服务4.3银行卡业务4.3.1贷记卡与借记卡4.3.2银行卡交易主体4.3.3银行卡业务的收益与成本4.4投资银行业务4.4.1公司理财顾问服务4.4.2兼并与重组顾问服务4.5证券交易业务4.5.1银行证券投资的会计分类4.5.2消极投资战略与积极投资战略4.5.3银行交易业务的盈利来源4.6其他中间业务4.6.1代理业务4.6.2保管业务4.6.3财富管理业务5、银行国际业务5.1银行国际化扩张5.2贸易融资5.2.1打包贷款5.2.2押汇5.2.3出口信用5.2.4保理业务5.2.5福费廷业务5.3国际贷款5.3.1.国际贷款风险5.3.2银团贷款5.3.3项目融资5.4国际借款5.4.1国际货币市场5.4.2国际资本市场5.5国际结算5.5.1汇出汇款业务5.3.2汇入汇款业务5.3.3光票托收业务5.3.4跟单托收业务5.3.5信用证业务5.3.5保函业务6、银行资本6.1会计资本6.2监管资本6.2.1银行资本的功能6.2.2资本充足率与巴塞尔协议I6.2.2新资本协议6.3经济资本6.3.1经济资本的计算6.3.2经济资本的应用7、银行风险管理与内部控制7.1银行风险管理的发展与挑战7.2银行全面风险管理7.3银行内部控制8、信用风险、市场风险和操作风险管理8.1信用风险管理8.1.1信用风险与损失8.1.2信用风险类型8.1.3风险评级体系8.1.4违约风险统计数据8.2市场风险管理8.2.1市场风险管理的传统方法8.2.2市场风险管理的新方法8.3操作风险管理8.3.1操作风险的定义、影响因素与特殊性8.3.2操作风险度量8.3.3操作风险管理体系的建立9、银行创新管理9.1银行创新的定义与作用9.2银行创新类型9.2.1产品和服务创新9.2.2流程创新9.2.3组织形式创新9.3金融衍生工具9.3.1金融衍生工具的作用9.3.2金融衍生工具的功能9.3.3利率衍生工具9.3.4信用衍生工具9.4证券化9.4.1资金池和转移9.4.2证券化产品发行9.4.3信用增级与分层9.4.4还本付息服务9.4.5还款结构10、银行营销管理10.1银行营销框架10.2对公营销管理10.2.1组织购买行为10.2.2组织购买决策的影响因素10.2.3组织购买过程10.2.4政府市场10.2.5忠诚客户的培育与管理10.3对私营销管理10.3.1个人购买决策的影响因素10.3.2个人购买决策的过程10.3.3个人购买决策的阶段四、考试方式及题型本考试为笔试（不含听力），使用英语答卷，总分100分。
《金融专业英语》习题答案
Chapter One Functions of Financial Markets 一．Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.China’s banking industry is now supervised by the PBC and CBRC. In addition, the MOFis in charge of financial accounting and taxation part of banking regulation and management.目前中国银行业主要由中国人民银行和银监会进行监管。
此外，财政部负责银行业监管的财务会计及税收方面。
2.Currently Chinese fund management companies are engaged in the following business:securities investment fund, entrusted asset management, investment consultancy, management of national social security funds, enterprise pension funds and QDII businesses.目前中国的基金管理公司主要从事以下业务：证券投资基金业务、受托资产管理业务、投资咨询业务、社保基金管理业务、企业年金管理业务和合格境内机构投资者业务等。
3.China's economy had 10% growth rate in the years before the world financial crisisof 2008. That economic expansion resulted from big trade surpluses and full investment.Now China is seeking to move away from that growth model. The country is working to balance exports with demand at home.在2008年世界经济危机之前的那些年，中国经济增长速度曾达到10%。
经验分享-2016年中央财经大学金融硕士考研-英语复习 资料笔记 题型结构
好消息！好消息！中财金院金融硕士进入复试112人，录取92人，育明教育学员8人，进入复试6人，全部录取！未进入复试学员成功调剂东北财经金融专硕。
首先说下英语，（完型运气好6分,阅读+新题型+翻译33.5,大小作文共19分）作为英语渣，我四六级都没到过480，我觉得从小学到现在背单词对于我几乎没用，我相信很多人和我有同样遭遇，当你经常盯着一个单词边写边读时，其实是在走思，到头来还是不会做题（试想高中学语文，汉字全都懂但是阅读理解还是拿不了满分，想想你语文是背字典而学好的吗？）。
非常建议朱伟的恋练有词，讲课很实用很吸引人。
40个单元，每周完成5个单元就不错了，每天用一个小时左右复习一下昨天的单元内容，一定要坚持，当你完成10个单元会感觉有点质的飞跃，当你听完20个单元时，要开始做真题，近十年真题要做3遍，如果没有时间至少近五年要做3遍。
最后一年要留到考前一个月再做。
拒绝其他任何模拟题！96年到2003年的真题做做阅读和作文就好，这些真题难度最低，但也有不少经典的题目，如果没时间就只写写作文。
04到10年难度增加，10年以后很难，必须要钻研透彻（每个题型每个单词每个句子都要弄懂）！这里说下怎么做真题，每套题要严格按照考试时间来，下午2点到5点，去淘宝买下英语和政治的答题卡，然后去打印店用A3的纸复印，我每次大小作文模拟也是用答题纸，这样可以和考试做到最大可能的一致，否则和真正考试稍有一点不一样也会耽误你一会儿时间的。
以下是我的答题顺序，仅供参考:2点到2.15小作文，2.15-2.55前两篇阅读，2.55-3.35大作文，3.35-4.15后两篇阅读，4.15-4.35翻译，4.35-4.50新题型，最后十分完型，因为我英语很渣所以大作文用时间长，我说的时间都包括涂卡的时间！完型是用来调节时间的，没时间就直接涂在卡上！阅读理解的网课推荐唐迟老师和李剑，结合真题分析的很透彻。
李剑老师前几节课很好，后面就有些啰嗦了（我在淘宝买的李剑的专项阅读班才10块-_-||）基础不好的可以听完如果基础还可以只听前几节课就好了。
《金融专业英语》chapter 6
6.2.2 Factorsorities
IN EVALUATING A CHARTER APPLICATION, THE CHARTERING AUTHORITIES GENERALLY CONSIDERS 4 FACTORS:
➢ Thirdly, a related goal is to protect depositors’ funds and, if any bank should fail, to minimize the losses to be absorbed by the deposit insurance fund.
experience commensurate with their positions; and ➢ Having the required business premise, safety measures and other
facilities relevant with the business thereof.
金 融 专 业 英语
Part Two
Banking Industry in China
Contents
4
5
6
Central Bank—PBC
Commercial Banks
Supervision of Banking
6 Supervision
Chapter of Banking
Chapter 6 Supervision of Banking
Section 6.2 Licensing Process
6.2.1 Phases of the Process 6.2.2 Factors Evaluated by the Chartering Authorities 6.2.3 Basel Committee’s Requirements on Bank Licensing
《金融专业英语》习题答案
Chapter One Functions of Financial Markets 一．Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.China’s banking industry is now supervised by the PBC and CBRC. In addition, the MOFis in charge of financial accounting and taxation part of banking regulation and management.目前中国银行业主要由中国人民银行和银监会进行监管。
此外，财政部负责银行业监管的财务会计及税收方面。
2.Currently Chinese fund management companies are engaged in the following business:securities investment fund, entrusted asset management, investment consultancy, management of national social security funds, enterprise pension funds and QDII businesses.目前中国的基金管理公司主要从事以下业务：证券投资基金业务、受托资产管理业务、投资咨询业务、社保基金管理业务、企业年金管理业务和合格境内机构投资者业务等。
3.China's economy had 10% growth rate in the years before the world financial crisisof 2008. That economic expansion resulted from big trade surpluses and full investment.Now China is seeking to move away from that growth model. The country is working to balance exports with demand at home.在2008年世界经济危机之前的那些年，中国经济增长速度曾达到10%。
2012年金融专业英语证书考试FECT模拟试题-7 (1)
2012年金融专业英语证书考试FECT模拟试题-7(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、SECTION ONE (Compulsory)：Answer all ten questions in this section. Each question carries 1 mark. (总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. Which of the following is least likely to be classified as a financial statement element? () （分数：2.00）A.AssetB.RevenueC.Liability income √解析：2. Amy, a CFA candidate, recently joined A&F Asset Management, and reports directly to Tammy. Shortly after joining the firm, Amy learned that A&F Asset Management does not have a copy of the Code and Standards. Which of the following statements best complies with AIMR Standards of Professional Conduct? ()（分数：2.00）A.Amy must deliver a copy of the Code and Standards to Tammy.B.Amy must notify Tammy, in writing, of her obligation to comply with the Code and Standards.C.Statement A and B. √D.None of the above.解析：pared with an otherwise identical amortizing security, a zero-coupon bond will most likely have: ()（分数：2.00）A.Less interest rate risk and more reinvestment risk.B.Less reinvestment risk and more interest rate risk. √C.The same reinvestment risk and less interest rate risk.D.The same interest rate risk and more reinvestment risk.解析：4.A futures trader goes long one futures contract at $450. The settlement price 1 day before expiration is $500. On expiration day, the future is trading at $505. The least likely way the futures trader will lock in her profits on expiration is: ()（分数：2.00）A.Take delivery of the underlying asset and pay $500 to the short.B.Close out the futures position by selling the futures contract at $505.C.Take delivery of the underlying asset and pay the expiration settlement price to the short. √D.Cash settle the futures and receive the difference between $500 and the expiration settlement price.解析：5.Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. Bishop Ltd. received an advanced payment of $10,000 on December 1, for rent on a property for December and January. On receipt they correctly recorded it as cash and unearned revenue. If at December 31, their year-end, they failed to make an adjusting entry related to this payment, ignoring taxes, what would the effect on the financial statements for the year be? ()（分数：2.00）A.Assets are overstated by $5,000 and Liabilities are overstated by $5,000.B.Liabilities are overstated by $5,000 and Net income is overstated by $5,000. √C.Assets are overstated by $5,000 and Owner’s equity is overstated by $5,000.D.Liabilities are overstated by $5,000 and Owners’ equity is understated by $5,000.解析：6.A market participant has a view regarding the potential movement of a stock. He sells a customized over-the-counter put option on the stock when the stock is trading at $38. The put has an exercise price of $36 and the put seller receives $2.25 in premium. The price of the stock is $35 at expiration. The profit or loss for the put seller at expiration is: ()（分数：2.00）A.$1.25.B.$1.00.C.$1.25 √D.$2.25.解析：7.As part of an AIMR investigation into the conduct of Helen, CFA, AIMR requests records from Helen about her investment accounts. Helen writes AIMR a letter stating that under Standard IV (B.5), Preservation of Confidentiality that she is unable to comply with their request. Which of the following statement is TRUE? ()（分数：2.00）A.Is correct in her interpretation of Standard IV (B.5).B.Should not turn over the information because it will violate federal material nonpublic information statutes and AIMR’s Standard V (A) Prohibit against Use of Material Nonpublic information.C.Will no be in violation of Standard IV (B.5) by turning over the requested information because under the Professional Conduct Program, the Disciplinary Review Subcommittee is considered an extension of Helen. √D.All of the above.解析：8.Which of the following is the least accurate statement about the short sale of stocks? () （分数：2.00）A.The short seller must pay any dividends due to the lender of shares.B.A stop buy order would enable a short seller to minimize potential losses.C.Short sales involve time limits for returning the shares borrowed to the lender. √D.A short sale can be made only on an uptick or a zero uptick trade if the previous trade was an uptick trade.解析：9.The appropriate measures of free cash flow and discount rate to use when estimating the total（分数：2.00）A.Answer A.B.Answer B.C.Answer C.D.Answer D. √解析：10. Assume U.S. GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) applies unless otherwise noted. An analyst gathered the following information from a company’s accounting records: Theanalyst’s estimate of net income for 2007 would be closest to: ()（分数：2.00）A.$650,000.B.$850,000.C.$1,050,000. √D.$1,850,000.解析：二、SECTION TWO(Compulsory)：Answer the questions in this section. (总题数：1，分数：10.00)Kammel Capital Management is an institutional money manager that oversees over $12 billion in client assets. Most of its assets under management are invested in the Kammel Funds, a family of 12 mutual funds encompassing 9 growth and value equity funds, and 3 fixed income funds. Linda Karazim is an analyst for the Kammel Strategic Income Fund, a flexible fixed-income fund benchmarked to the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Index. The fund owns a substantial portion of subordinated debentures that were issued by Gernot Incorporated to finance the acquisition of a major competitor in 2002. Karazim has been assigned by the Strategic Income Senior Portfolio Manager, Mark Davidson, to analyze the subordinated debt of Gernot, Inc. Karazim decides that the best way to assess the credit quality of the Gernot’s bonds is to analyze the firm’s financial statements and calculate ratios that will identify trends in the firm’s operations and financing decisions. Karazim searches online and pulls up Gernot’s financial statements for the last threeyears. The statements Karazim uses for her analysis are shown below: As Karazim is working on her project, Jacob Cannon, an analyst for Kammel’s Large Cap Growth F und, stops by Karazim’s office to chat. When Karazim tells him that she is working on a ratio analysis project to assess Gernot Inc.’s subordinated debt, Cannon tells her that Kammel’s growth equity team is potentially looking to purchase Gernot’s stock fo r their fund. Karazim tells Cannon that the return on assets ratio that she has calculated for evaluating Gernot’s debt rating would also be considered one of the most effective ratios for use in valuing Gernot’s stock. Cannon replies that he has been doin g his own ratio analysis to assess Gernot’s systematic risk and one of the most useful ratios for identifying relationships between accounting variables and beta is the current ratio, which would also be useful in forecasting the possibility of Gernot, Inc. going bankrupt. After Karazim completes her analysis, she has a meeting with Davidson to discuss her findings. At the meeting, Karazim tells Davidson that Gernot’s Inc.’s sustainable growth rate based on 2004 data is 9 percent, and that a growing company has a much lower chance of defaulting on its debt. Davidson, always critical of the work of the analysts that work for him, concludes the meeting by telling Karazim that she did good work, but one of the major limitations of the cross-sectional analysis she has performed is that comparisons are made difficult due to different accounting treatments. （分数：10.00）(1).What are Gernot’s total asset turnover for 2004 and the change in the ratio from 2002 to 2004? () 2004 Ratio Change in Ratio （分数：2.00）A.2. 08 decline of 0.18B.1 .52 decline of 0.56 √C.2.08 increase of 0.18D.1.52 increase of 0.56解析：The total asset turnover ratio = sales/assets. In 2002, the ratio was (10,424/5,012) = 2.08. In 2004, the ratio was (11,606/7,636) = 1.52. From 2002 to 2004 the ratio declined by (2.08 –1.52) = 0.56.(2).What is the change in Gernot Inc.’s cash conversion cycle from 2003 to 2004? The cash conversion cycle has: () （分数：2.00）A.Increased by 17 days.B.Increased by 33 days.C.Increased by 25 days. √D.Decreased by 13 days.解析：The cash conversion cycle = (average receivables collection period) + (average inventory processing period) –(payables payment period). For 2003: Receivables turnover = (sales/average receivables) = 11,718/((625+798)/2) = 11,718/712 = 16.46 Average receivables collection period = (365/receivables turnover) = 365/16.46 = 22.17 days Inventory turnover = (COGS/average inventory) = 7183/((1342+937)/2) = 7183/1140 = 6.3 Average inventory processing period = (365/inventory turnover) = 365/6.3 = 57.94 days. Payables turnover = (COGS/average payables) = 7183/((620 + 544)/2) = 7183/582 = 12.34 Payables payment period = (365/12.34) = 29.58 days 2003 cash conversion cycle = 22.17 + 57.94 –29.58 = 50.53 days. For 2004: Receivables turnover = (sales/average receivables) = 11,606/((1294+798)/2) = 11,606/1046 = 11.10 Average receivables collection period =(365/receivables turnover) = 365/11.10 = 32.88 days Inventory turnover = (COGS/average inventory) = 7150/((1342+1552)/2) = 7150/1447 = 4.94 Average inventory processing period = (365/inventory turnover) = 365/4.94 = 73.89 days. Payables turnover = (COGS/average payables) = 7150/((620 + 597)/2) = 7150/609 = 11.74 Payables payment period = (365/11.74) = 31.09 days 2004 cash conversion cycle = 32.88 + 73.89 –31.09 = 75.68 days. From 2003 to 2004, the cash conversion cycle increased by (75.68-50.53) = 25.15 days.(3). Karazim has noted in her analysis that Gernot Inc.’s return on equity has fallen significantly from 2002 to 2004. Using the extended DuPont system, which of the following components had the most impact on Gernot’s ROE decline? () （分数：2.00）A.Financial leverage multiplier.B.Operating profit margin.C.Interest coverage ratio.D.Tax retention rate. √解析：From 2002 to 2004, ROE declined from (328/1575) = 20.8% to (304/2292) = 13.3%. The extended DuPont formula states that ROE = [(operating profit margin)(total asset turnover) – (interest expense rate)](financial leverage multiplier)(tax retention rate) For 2002: Operating profit margin = (EBIT/sales) = (513 + 147)/10,424 = 0.0633 = 6.33%. Total Asset Turnover = (sales/assets) = 10424/5012 = 2.08x Interest Expense rate = (interest expense/assets) = 147/5012 = 2.93% Financial leverage multiplier = (assets/equity) = 5012/1575 = 3.18 Tax retention rate = (1-tax rate) = 1 – (185/513) = 1 – 0.36 = 64%. For 2004: Operating profit margin = (EBIT/sales) = (516 + 340)/11,606 = 0.0738 = 7.38%. Total Asset Turnover = (sales/assets) = 11,606/7,636 = 1.52x Interest Expense rate = (interest expense/assets) = 340/7,636 = 4.45% Financial leverage multiplier = (assets/equity) = 7,636/2,292 = 3.33 Tax retention rate = (1-tax rate) = 1 – (212/516) = 1 – 0.41 = 59%. Since the operating profit margin and the financial leverage multiplier both increased, these did not have an adverse impact on the ROE. The interest coverage ratio is not part of the DuPont formula. The only viable answer is the tax retention rate, which, in fact did decline significantly.(4).Regarding Karazim’s conver sation with Cannon regarding the most useful ratios for various tasks: () （分数：2.00）A.Karazim’s statement is incorrect; Cannon’s statement is incorrect.B.Karazim’s statement is incorrect; Cannon’s statement is correct.√C.Karazim’s statement is correct; Cannon’s statement is correct.D.Karazim’s statement is correct; Cannon’s statement is incorrect.解析：Although return on assets is one of the ratios that bond agencies rely on heavily for deriving their debt ratings, it is not one of the ratios that is deemed most useful for stock valuation, therefore Karazim’s statement is incorrect. Return on equity, (not ROA), is a ratio that is deemedto be very effective for both stock valuation and determining credit ratings. Cannon’s statement is correct – the current ratio is considered to be one of the most effective ratios for both determining systematic risk (beta) based on accounting variables and for forecasting bankruptcy.(5).Karazim decides to enhance her analysis by creating common size statements for Gernot, Inc. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A common size balance sheet expresses all balance sheet accounts as a percent of: () （分数：2.00）A.Total assets and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of net income.B.Sales and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of net income.C.Sales and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of total assets.D.Total assets and a common size income statement expressall items as a percentage of sales. √解析：Common size statements normalize balance sheet items by expressing each item as a percentage of total assets, and normalize income statements by expressing each item as a percentage of sales. Using common size statements allows the analyst to make easier comparisons of different sized firms. Explanations of terms：(10 points) 1. Legal tender：The status of legal tender simply means that coins and paper currency cannot lawfully be refused in payment for goods and services and in discharge of debts. 2. Double-entry bookkeeping：Bookkeeper debits the transaction to one account and credits it to another bill of exchange: A non-interest-bearing written order used primarily in international trade that binds one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party at a predetermined future date. 3. Arbitrage pricing theory：An equilibrium model of asset pricing that states that the expected return on a security is a linear function of the security’s sensit ivity to various common factors. 4. Soft law：Quasi-legal instruments which do not have any legally binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat "weaker" than the binding force of traditional law, often contrasted to soft law by being referred to as "hard law". 5. Gold markets：According to its nature and the influence on the entire world gold transaction, gold market may be divided into leading market and regional market. According to the difference of transaction type and the transaction way, gold market may be divided into spot transaction and future transaction. Following international experiences, gold market participants include; gold enterprises, banks, hedge funds, organizations and personal investors, broker companies and the exchanges. Factors that Affect Gold Market are the quantity change of structure of supply and demand, economic factors and political situation and unexpected significant events. There are many different ways to invest in gold, such as gold futures, gold exploration companies, blue-chip gold mining stocks, gold mutual funds, gold bars, gold bullion and gold coins.三、Explanations of terms：(总题数：5，分数：30.00)11.Legal tender（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：12.Double-entry bookkeeping（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：13.Arbitrage pricing theory（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：14.Soft law（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：15.Gold markets（分数：6.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：四、Question and Answer(总题数：4，分数：40.00)16. What is the Theory of Money Supply by the Monetarist School?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Friedman held that money demand is relatively stable and money supply must be guaranteed stable, too, if there should be equilibrium between money demand and money supply. So Friedman opposed the management of the aggregate demand raised by Keynes and focused on the importance of money supply. According to the Monetarist School, the core of economic policies is placed on monetary policy, which should be the only important wander-working among all economic policies. Without monetary policy, other eco nomic policies can’t achieve their anticipated effect. Friedman assumed that the best choice in controlling money supply was the "single rule" of monetary policy, i. e. , making it known to the public to adapt a fixed increasing rate of money supply, excluded other factors, such as interest rates, credit flow, excess reserves on a voluntary basis, and so on. So monetary policy should just take a certain money stock as the only decisive factor. In order to carry out the "single rule”, three problems should be solved; the first is how to define the scope of the aggregate money supply; the second is how to decide the increasing rate of money supply and the third is whether or not fluctuation of the increasing rate of money supply is allowed during a certain period, a year or a season. The solution to the above problems is as follows; firstly, M2 should be the scope of the aggregate money supply; secondly, the increasing rate of money supply should be suited to economic growth rate and thirdly, it couldn’t be c hanged at will when the increasing rate of money supply had been decided. If there is need for change of the increasing rate of money supply, it should be announced and the band of fluctuation should be as small as possible. )解析：17.Explain the Open Market Operations.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The most widely used instrument of monetary policy is open market operations. Open market operations involve the purchase of securities by a central bank to put additional reserves at the disposal of the banking system or the sale of securities to reduce reserves so that money supply can be altered. Open market operations are the bread-and-butter instrument of Federal Reserve policy in U. S. Because the central bank earns interest income from its securities portfolio, the total revenues earned by the central bank vary in direct proportion to the magnitude of its portfolio. However, this consideration plays no role in the central bank’s decision to acquire or sell securities. Indeed, if it did, the central bank could not perform the chief function of a central bank—conducting monetary policy in a way that contributes to the stability of aggregate expenditures and economic activity. Suppose the U. S. economy is encountering excessive aggregate demand and escalating inflation. The central bank is therefore intent on implementing a policy of monetary restraint. In that event, the central bank would sell securities on the openmarket. Assume that the central bank sells $225 million in U. S. Treasury bills to a government securities dealer, receiving payment via a check written against the dealer’s bank checking account. When the central bank receives the check, it "collects" by debiting the reserve account of (making a bookkeeping entry against) the dealer’s commercial bank and returns the check to that bank. Upon receipt of the check, the commercial bank debits the dealer’s demand deposit account. The relevant balance sheets exhibit the following changes. )解析：18.(1) State the difference between a documentary credit and a documentary collection. (2) Why is a documentary credit arrangement important to an exporter? (3) What is the difference between a revocable credit and an irrevocable credit?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：((1) A documentary credit is a written undertaking by a banker who is the agent fro the importer or the buyer. The function of a documentary collection is to provide both importer (buyer) and exporter (seller) with a compromise to settle their trade transactions between payment in advance and on open account terms. The parties involved in a documentary credit arrangement include issuing banker, advising banker, the applicant and the beneficiary. Parties involved in a documentary collection include the drawer (exporter or seller), the remitting bank, the collecting bank and the drawee (importer or buyer). . Their processes are different. (2) In accordance with the instructions of the importer, the bank undertakes to pay the exporter, up to a limit, within a designated time period and against any stipulated terms and documents. The credit created for international settlement among banks not only provides a sense of security for the traders involved , but also a reliable source of finance for foreign trade where required .(3) A "revocable credit" may be cancelled at any time up to the moment the advising bank pays. This type of credit is the least favorable to the exporter. An irrevocable credit may not be amended or even cancelled without the consent of all the parties involved. This type of credit guarantees payment to the beneficiary, provided that the credit terms and conditions are met. ) 解析：19.What are the Countering Financial Abuse and Crime? What Others Are Doing?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：((1) Since the late 1980s, the growing concerns about drug trafficking and the uses made of globalization facilitated by the advancements in communication technology have led to direct and indirect approaches by different international institutions and the international community to combat financial crime and money laundering. (2) The FATF and affiliated regional organizations lead the international efforts in directly combating money laundering. Members of the FATF engage in annual self-assessments and in periodic mutual evaluations of members’ anti-money laundering efforts. In June 2000, the FATF identified 15 non-member jurisdictions that it considers as "non-cooperative with international efforts against money laundering". Since the FATF is a voluntary task force and not a treaty organization, its recommendations do not constitute a binding international convention. Fund staff has participated, as observers, in most FATF plenaries since 1980. At the request of the FATF, Fund staff made a statement at the Junel996 FATF Plenary on the macroeconomic impact of money laundering, and the Managing Director made a statement at the February 1998 FATF plenary. The FATF has recently agreed to share results from their exercises with Fund staff conducting financial assessments, in the context of FSAP and OFC assessments. At a recent IMF Executive Board meeting, the possibility was raised that the FATF could be invited to prepare ROSC modules on Fund members’ observance of the FATFs Forty Recommendations. Some members of the FATF have asked that the Fund’s Article IV"? Surveill ance and program conditionally include anti-money laundering considerations. The FATF President, ina letter to Fund management, suggested that the FATF Forty Recommendations be adopted as the anti-money laundering standard. (3) Other direct efforts to counter financial crime are undertaken mainly by the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) and national financial intelligence units (FIUs). The United Nations takes part in the direct efforts through the United Nation’s Office for Drug Cont rol and Crime Prevention Global Program against Money Laundering (UNDCCP), which monitors weaknesses in global financial systems and assists countries in criminal investigations. Recently, the international community’s awareness of financial system abuse has been heightened by the work of the FSF. In May 2000, the FSF classified 42 OFCs into three groupings, and called on the Fund to take the lead in assessing OFCs adherence to internationally accepted standards and codes. (4) Indirect efforts to counter financial system abuse focus on the preconditions for the proper functioning of financial systems and the formulation and enforcement of relevant laws. These efforts encompass general standards for the supervision and regulation of banks, securities markets, and insurance, as incorporated in the standards developed by the Basel Committee, the IOSCO, and the IAIS. The substance of relevant FATF recommendations is incorporated in the principles of supervision of the Basel Committee and other international supervisory standard-setters. (5) Banking, insurance, and securities markets supervisors are involved in both indirect and direct efforts to combat financial system abuse. Supervisors in different countries exchange information (often based on a network of memoranda of understandings) about individual banks, insurance companies, or agents in the securities markets, with a view to uncover unsound and illegal activities such as securities fraud, insider trading, or misreporting. Supervision is also exercised over the internal mechanisms to control risks, particularly operational risks, which also contributes to countering fraud and other forms of financial crime. (6) Out of concern over the potential impact of tax-induced distortions in capital and financial flows on welfare and on individual countries tax bases, the OECD initiated coordinated action for the elimination of harmful tax practices. In May 1998, the OECD issued a report on Harmful Tax Competition including a series of 19 recommendations for combating harmful tax practices, established a Forum on Harmful Tax Practices, and proposed Guidelines for Dealing with Harmful Preferential Regimes in Member Countries (Annex II). In June 2000, OECD issued a list of countries it considers as engaged in harmful tax practices. )解析：。
金融英语阅读
《金融英语阅读》课程建设报告对外经济贸易大学英语学院商务英语系开设的《金融英语阅读》课程，为专业基础课，是面向全校本科生的课程。
采用全英文授课，以课堂讲授为主，结合课堂讨论、提问、报告以及作业等方式进行教学。
金融英语作为专门用途英语（ESP）的一个新的分支，其课程的设置及教学的方法近些年来有着其独特的发展轨迹。
伴随着大学金融专业课程的开设，其在近十年的发展过程中在学科建设上占有十分重要的地位。
该课程独辟蹊径、与时俱进，倡导厚积薄发、具有鲜明的特色，因此在学科建设上占据了绝对优势。
作为一门专业基础语言课程，《金融英语阅读》无论从知识、语言或教法上都适应了时代的发展和社会的需要，具有基础性、时代性、实用性和复合性。
一、 课程开设的历史背景及社会价值《金融英语阅读》课程源于上个世纪90年代后期，是原中国金融学院外语系的最主要的特色课程。
20世纪90年代初，我国开始探索性地建立有中国特色社会主义的市场经济体系，经过近10年的不懈努力，在实践中初步建立了市场化的经济制度，并由此带动了理论上的发展。
与此同时，经济制度的转变必然导致金融领域的革新，在90年代后期，对于金融体制的改革随之呼之欲出、应运而生。
为了配合当时的经济及金融改革，培养一批精通外语的高级金融人才，沈素萍教授等教师开始酝酿在全国首开一门能够适应当下改革需求的金融英语课程。
为了详细、具体地了解开设该课程的科学价值，从1997年起，本课程主持人沈素萍教授作了详尽的调查，走访了一些学生以了解在完成普通英语（EGP）两年课程之后是否能够直接进入专业教师用英语讲授专业课阶段的学习。
从原中国金融学院1997级学生由外教讲授的中央银行学课程来看，其结果是课程未上完，学生能坚持听课者所剩无几，学生在EGP(English for General Purpose)阶段未接触任何专业英语词汇，所以在听外教的专业课时，他们既听不懂英语又学不懂专业。
这样，由于对英语语言掌握的缺陷影响了学生对专业课的理解。
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金融专业英语证考试经验体会
中级所有科目考试教材全部来自于香港银行学会，试题及评卷均与香港银行学会有关。
很多考生虽已熟记教材内容，但却依然无法通过考试，其原因是香港的法律、会计制度、成熟的商业银行环境等与中国大陆有很大不同。
要想成功地在四年内通过全科考试并非易事。
这要求有扎实地英文功底，是大学英语六级以上。
同时要有一定的金融理论知识基础和银行工作实践经验。
同时具备这些条件的人并不多，这就需要考生通过艰苦的努力和锲而不舍的精神来获得中级金融专业英语证书。
本人已全部通过四科考试，现将考试经验介绍给大家，希望对您有所帮助。
1、西方经济学：
教材明显的是由英国人编写，语言相对比较晦涩。
建议考生在时间允许的情况下，先选择一本400页左右的中文西方经济学教材了解该学科内容。
本人在没有西方经济学基础的情况下，在考试前读了8遍指定教材，非常痛苦。
建议没有基础的考生先通过中文了解该学科。
另外，教材的内容较有限，但考题的范围却很广。
2001年的考题中有一道题目是问：中国实行最低保障制度对社会的影响（大意）。
考生要了解收入再分配的原理，并与中国实际相结合才能完整作答。
曲线分析是该科考试的难点和重点。
2、西方会计学
会计学的内容集中在试算表、资产负债表、损益表各项目，以及存货管理等内容。
本科考试内容不深，但陷阱较多，很多考生考完之后自我感觉良好，但成绩却非常低。
其原因是对陷阱没有察觉。
本人认为该考试的关键在于练习，对陷阱的设计有所了解。
3、银行业务
很多考生认为银行业务的参考书是最薄的，考，但实际情况并不是这样。
香港的商业银行环境与大陆有很多区别，主要区别是：香港是混业经营，即，银行可以经营证券和保险业务，同时商人银行业务也是大陆所没有的。
法律和传统的不同使“商业银行”这一概念在大陆和香港有不同的理解。
香港商业银行的监管环境与大陆也不同，业务经营范围差别更大。
所以，用中国商业银行的理念去回答完全竞争环境下的商业银行的问题，会使考生觉得答得不错，但成绩不佳。
另外，本科考试中包括听力测试，人行提供的参考材料内容过于简单，使考生形成误解。
听力是考试的难点之一，其语速达到大学英语六级，答题方式类似于专业英语考试，即，听完整个文章后答题。
听力的内容考生比较陌生，例如，2001年，通篇文章讨论的是“Bills department”（押汇部），1999年是“smart card”（灵通卡），考生对该内容非常陌生。
听力测试共20分，大多数考生只能拿到7-8分，或更少。
所以，了解香港得金融环境和其部门设置以及金融产品是至关重要的。
4.法律
人行提供的材料中，四部法律的译文非常有价值。
但香港的
法律体制与中国大陆还是存在很多区别的。
例如，衡平法制度和判例法制度是大陆所没有的。
如果不了解这些区别是很难通过考试的。
另外，考题中经常要求考生提供法律建议，如何提供建议，即，如何回答问题，是答题的关键，应该将各种条件想充分，从不同的角度和设想来回答，这就需要答题技巧。
同时判例较多，而且判例能够说明法律的细节问题。
由于时间关系，多数考生没有认真研究判例，所以对香港法律只知其然不知其所以然。
应对本科考试关键是：了解香港法律体制，熟悉判例，掌握答题技巧。
正因为老师有这份等待的勇气，有这份等待的耐心，有这份等待的智慧，有这份等待的艺术，所以学生才能有足够的时间潜心阅读并深入思考，所以学生的心灵才会有感动和震撼，所以课堂上才会出现不可预约的精
彩。
在学生进行文本阅读的时候，老师在教室里轻轻地踱着步子。
在学生发言的时候，老师不会因为学生思维的暂时停顿而急躁地叫他坐下，也不会因为回答得不到位而抢过话语权，把答案引向或指向“目标”。
当学生说出“信赖，往往创造出美好的境界”时，老师的脸上露出了欣慰的笑容。
有位教育家说过：“教室里寂静，说明学生在集中精力思考，要珍惜这样的时刻。
”夏老师，他懂得去珍惜。
老师在给我们讲他的教学设计时还说到他对教参中一些设计的看法。
最后，他还告诉我们：“照着教参上课是上不出好课的。
”
我佩服老师，有个性，能坚定不移地走自己的路，能坚持自己对教学的理解。