SCI 书后词汇

accuracy 精确度abiotic非生命的acceleration due to gravity (g)重力加速度aeration通风acids酸adaptations适应adaptation radiation 适应性辐射aerate (=CO2)air mass气团air resistance空气阻力friction 摩擦力albedo 反射率alcohol酒精alpha decayalpha particlealteration变更，改造angle of incidence入射角anions 阴离子asthenosphere 软流圈atmosphere大气层atmospheric pressure大气压atom原子atomic number原子序数aquatic海洋的average velocity平均速率average acceleration平均加速度balanced chemical equation化学方程式配平barometer 气压计bases碱behavioural adaptation（行为上）适应best-fit-linebeta decay (“n” to “p”)beta particlebinary covalent compound二元化合物bioaccumulation 生物体内积聚（植物，专指producer）biomagnification生物放大作用(动物，专指consumer)biodegradation 生物降解biodiversity 生物多样性biogeoclimatic zone生物地理气候圈biodiversity生物计量学biomass 生物量biome生物群系bioremediation 生物处理法（通常利用微生物或植物减缓某地区的化学污染或环境伤害）biosphere生物圈biotic有关生命的Bohr diagrambonding pairbromothymol blue一种酸碱试剂carbon cycle碳循环carbon offset 碳偏移量carbon sink碳沉淀carbon source碳资源carbonate碳酸盐carnivores 食肉动物catalyst 催化剂catalytic converter （汽车等的）催化式排气净化器catastrophic events 灾难性事件cations 阳离子caustic 腐蚀性的cellular respiration 细胞呼吸作用（与光合作用相反）chain reaction连锁反应change in velocity变速chemical changes化学变化chemical reaction化学反应chemical equation化学方程式climate气候climate change气候变化climatograph气象表climax community =mature community顶级群落（在不受骚扰的情况下能生长的所有植物）closed system 封闭系统coefficients 系数combustion燃烧commensalism共栖community 群落competition竞争composite volcano 复式火山compound化合物concentration 浓度conclusion结论conduction传导（固体）conservation of mass 质量守恒定律constant acceleration稳定的加速度consumer消费者contamination污染物continental drift theory大陆漂移学说convection传导（液体）convection current 对流，运流convergent plate boundary 汇聚于一点的大陆板块边缘converging plates汇聚于一点的板块Coriolis effectCorrelation 相互关系Corrosive 腐蚀性的，腐蚀剂covalent bondingcovalent compound共价化合物crust地壳（表面一层）daughter isotope子同位素DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane)decay curve 衰变曲线deceleration减速decomposers分解者decomposition分解deforestation森林开伐denitrification 脱硝的denitrifying bacteria 脱硝细菌dependent variable 因变量detrivores 清道夫类的动物（ex.秃鹰），存在于每个trophic，依靠吃死去的生物获得能量）dew point 露点diatomic molecule二原子分子displacementdistance (d)divergent plate boundary 分开的大陆边沿diverging plates分开的板块double replacement 复分解反应earthquakeecological hierarchy 生物层次ecological pyramid生物金字塔ecological succession 生物连续性ecosystem生态系统El Nino厄尔尼诺现象El Nino-Southern Oscillation（ENSO）electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射electrons电子elevation海拔energy flow 能流（= energy change）enhanced greenhouse effect 提高性温室效应epicenter 震中estimating 估计eutrophication超营养作用exosphere 外逸层extinction 灭绝fair test 实验中的控制单一变量faults岩石运动导致的岩层破碎fission 裂变fluids 流体focus 震源food chain食物链food pyramidfood webforceforeign species外来物种front（between two air masses）fusion 聚变gamma decaygamma radiationGeneral Circulation Models（GCMs）大气环流模型geologic uplift 地理升高（山川的形成）global warming全球变暖（温室效应）global warming potential (GWP) 全球变暖势位gravity重力，地心引力greenhouse gases温室气体habitat居所habitat fragmentation 栖息地破裂habitat loss居所丧失half-life 放射性半衰期heat加热heavy metals重金属herbivores 食草性动物hot spot热点humidity湿度hurricanes 飓风hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydrogen ions氢离子hypothesis假设ice cores冰核independent variable 自变量indigo carmine 一种酸碱试剂，从蓝到黄，pH从11.2到13.0 infrared radiation 红外线inner coreinorganic无机物insolation 暴晒introduced species 闯入物种（=foreign specied）invasive species入侵物种ionic bondingionic compounds离子化合物ions离子isotopes同位素jet stream 大气急流keystone species重点物种（可以严重影响到某一地区生态环境的物种）kilopascal (KPa)kinetic energy 动能kinetic molecular theory分子热运动La Ninaland use土地使用latitude海拔（= elevation）leaching 过滤Lewis diagramlightline of best fit （=best-fit-line）lithosphere岩石圈litmus paper 石蕊试纸lone pair（不共享电子）magma熔岩（= melt rock）magnetic 地磁旋转magnetic striping磁沟magnitude 力量（地震所引发的）mantle地幔（地壳最厚的一层）mantle convection地幔运动massmass number质量数meniscus新月mesosphere中间层metal oxide金属氧化物methyl orange一种酸碱试剂methyl red一种酸碱试剂mercury水银Mid-Atlantic Ridgemodelmolecule分子motion diagram运动图multivalent ion多价离子mutualism互助论native species原始物种natural background radiation天然本底辐射（在自然界中存在的携带高能量，且运动速度极快的微粒或波的能流）natural greenhouse effect大气对于热能的吸收natural selection适者生存neutral中子的neutralization (acid-base)酸碱中和neutrons中子niche生态位（每个物种在生物圈中扮演的不同的角色）nitrification硝化作用nitrifying bacterianitrogen cyclenitrogen fixation固氮nitrogen-fixing bacteria将N2在降解过程中转化为NO3和NH4的细菌non-metal oxide非金属氧化物nuclear charge核电荷nuclear equation核方程式nuclear fission核裂变nuclear reaction核反应nuclear symbol（包括化学式，原子序数，原子质量）nutrient cyclesnutrientsoffshore breeze向海面吹的风omnivores杂食性动物onshore breeze向海岸吹的风organic有机体organic chemistry有机化学outer coreoverexploitation过度开采oxide氧化物ozone layerpaleoclimatologists地址气候学家paleoglaciation古冰河作用paleomagnetism古磁学parasitism寄生parent isotope母同位素parts per million (ppm)PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)period周期pest害虫permafrost永久冻结带persistent organic pollutants (POPs)在土壤或水中持续存在多年的污染物pesticides杀虫剂pH indicators pH指示剂pH scale pH参考数值phenolphthalein酚酞phosphorus cyclephotosynthesis光合作用physiological adaptation生理适应（体内）pioneer species先锋物种（ex.苔藓，它的出现可以改变该地区的其他生物或非生物条件，从而为后来的物种提供生存便利）plate boundary板块边缘plate tectonic theory板块构造论populationposition (“d”and“arrow”)position-time graphpotential energy势能polyatomic ions多原子离子precautionary principle可预防性原理precipitate降水predation掠夺行为prediction指示pressure压力prevailing winds盛行风（某一地区主流风）primary consumersprimary producersprimary succession原生演替primary wave (P-wave)productsproducersprotons质子pyramid of biomass（质量上）pyramid of energypyramid of numbers（数量上）radiant energy辐射的能量（电磁携带的能量波）radiation辐射（无接触，以一点为中心）radiation budget辐射平衡radioactive decay放射性衰变radioactivity放射能radiocarbon dating用放射性碳测定年代radioisotopes放射性同位元素rate of reaction反应速率reactants反应物relative humidity相对湿度resource exploitation （=resource use）资源使用ridge pushrift eruptions火山裂口处rift valley裂谷（地面上）saltsscalars有方向性单位sea breezes海风sea floor spreading海底扩展secondary consumerssecondary successionsecondary wave (S-wave)sedimentation沉降seismic waves地震波seismogram地震图seismology地震学seismometers地震仪shield volcanoes盾状火山（在热点地区形成的火山，也是世界上最大的火山）significant digits有效数字single replacement置换反映skeleton equation基本式（没有配平）slab pullslopesoil compaction土壤压实soil degradation土壤退化，流失solar radiation太阳辐射solvent溶解力species物种specific humidity比湿度speed (v)spreading ridgestable octet稳定的八个电子结构stores储存stratosphere同温层structural adaptation结构上的适应（外在）subatomic particles亚原子微粒subduction消减subduction zones减少区（通常该地区经历过火山爆发或地震）subscript下脚标surface areasurface waves (L-waves)地表波sustainability环境的支撑力（生物和非生物条件）symbiosis共生现象，合作互惠关系symbolic equation （已配平）synthesis合成systemtrace稀有气体technologytectonic plates 板块构造temperatureterrestrial大陆的tertiary consumerstheorythermal energy热能thermocline 温跃层，温度突变层（较热的水面区与冷的深冷水区之间的水层）thermosphere热层thunderstorms雷暴time (t)time interval (△t)时间间隔tornado龙卷风traditional ecological knowledgetransform fault转换断层transition metals过渡金属元素（元素周期表group3---12）trench沟渠uniform motion匀速运动valence electrons价电子valence shell价电子层variable多变的vectors无方向单位velocity速率velocity-time graphvolcanic belt火山带volcanic island arc环火山岛volcanovolumewater cycleweatherweathering侵蚀，风化wind。