高考英语 第十五章 主谓一致知识精讲
最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)

最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习 (精华版)一、主谓一致的概念主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”之间的一致性,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词的形式。
在英语语法中,主谓一致是一个非常重要的原则,它确保了句子结构正确和表达清晰。
主谓一致可以分为语法一致和意义一致两种原则。
二、主谓一致的种类1. 语法一致(1)当主语由两个或两个以上的单数名词或者代词组成时,谓语动词的形式取决于指代的是否为不同的人或事物。
如果是不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指代的是同一个人或事物或者同一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)当主语是不定式、动词ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(3)在定语从句中,关系代词who、which、that作主语时,要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
(4)使用连接词with、along with、together with、as well as、besides、like、without、except、but等连接的主语,谓语动词的数要与主语的数保持一致。
(5)主语为不定代词all、more、some、any、none时,谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。
(6)主语为the rest of、half of、part of、majority of、percent of、one third of等加名词时,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
(7)集合名词作主语时,动词可用单数或复数,主要由句子的意思决定。
强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时,动词用复数。
常见的集合名词有public、family、class、crowd、population、team、group等。
(8)某些名词如people、police、cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。
但people指“民族”时是例外。
2. 意义一致原则指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。
有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数;有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。
高考英语语法:主谓一致

高考英语语法:主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则:语法一致(或叫形式一致),意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解

高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解本文主要讲解主谓一致,并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致等常见考点。
主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
例如:There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注:先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。
本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用and 相连。
这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
15.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
高考英语 第十五章 主谓一致知识精讲

英语中的主谓一致[知识精讲]主谓一致是指:一、语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
●I often help him and he often helps me.●We often help each other and learn from each other.二、意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
1)主语形式虽然为单数,意义为复数的,谓语动词用复数。
有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数,主要依据意思而定:如果指整体用单数,如果指这个集体中的个体时则用复数。
●His family is not very large.(他的“家”是指整体)●His family are all music lovers.(他的“家人”是指家里的个体)注意: 集体名词中有一类只当复数看待的词,或者我们只把它们看作复数的词,那么它们的谓语只能用复数,象:cattle,folk,people,police,youth等等,这里要提一下的是people这个词,如果它所表示的是民族的话,那么它的谓语就用单数.2)主语形式为复数,而意义上为单数,谓语动词用单数。
形复意单的词有:news,works,trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称以及以ics 结尾的学科名称等。
●Physics is a difficult subjiect.●Her glasses are new.但是当这类词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
●This pair of pants is fit for me.三、就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,1、并列结构作主语时。
1)由and 并列的两个名词做主语时,如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数●The iron and steel industry is very important.●The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.2)当each...and each...;every...and every...;no...and no...;many a.. and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结

高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习句法知识讲解(主谓一致+动词时态+助动词)

高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中,谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如,你、我、他是学生,中文“是”字是一样的,只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变:I am,you are,he is。
主谓一致有三大原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近一致。
(一)语法一致名词是单数,谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等,谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住:绝大多数都用单数,只有明确的复数名词,谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜,只能是复数,如果前面加上“一双”“一条”,后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数,一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然,all才是真正的主语,所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里,She才是真正的主语,所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)

高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。
●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
高考主谓一致知识点归纳

高考主谓一致知识点归纳高考英语中,主谓一致是一个重要的语法知识点。
在句子中,谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致,这是英语语法中最基本的规则之一。
在考试中,掌握好主谓一致的知识点对于正确理解和构造句子至关重要。
本文将对高考中主谓一致的知识点进行归纳总结。
一、基本概念主谓一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与句子的主语在数上保持一致。
当主语是单数时,谓语动词也要用单数形式;当主语是复数时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
这个规则对于英语句子的语法正确性至关重要。
二、一般规则在一般情况下,主谓一致是按照单数和复数形式来判断的。
下面是一些常见的情况:1. 当主语是第三人称单数代词(he、she、it)时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如:He likes to read books.2. 当主语是第三人称单数名词时,谓语动词要使用单数形式。
例如:The dog barks at strangers.3. 当主语是第三人称复数代词(they)时,谓语动词要使用复数形式。
例如:They are eating lunch.4. 当主语是第三人称复数名词时,谓语动词要使用复数形式。
例如:The girls play soccer every Saturday.三、特殊情况除了一般规则外,还有一些特殊情况需要特别注意。
下面是一些常见的特殊情况及解释:1. 连系动词和主语一致。
当谓语动词是“be”等连系动词时,其形式要与主语保持一致。
例如:She is a doctor.2. 由“there”引导的句子。
当句子以“There”作为形式主语时,谓语动词的形式要与后面的真正主语保持一致。
例如:There are two apples on the table.3. 复合主语的一致性。
当句子中有两个或更多的主语时,谓语动词的形式要与紧靠它的主语保持一致。
例如:The cat and the dog are playing in the garden.四、注意事项在考试中,还有一些需要特别注意的事项:1. 特殊名词的复数形式。
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英语中的主谓一致[知识精讲]主谓一致是指:一、语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
●I often help him and he often helps me.●We often help each other and learn from each other.二、意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
1)主语形式虽然为单数,意义为复数的,谓语动词用复数。
有些集体名词可为单数也可为复数,主要依据意思而定:如果指整体用单数,如果指这个集体中的个体时则用复数。
●His family is not very large.(他的“家”是指整体)●His family are all music lovers.(他的“家人”是指家里的个体)注意: 集体名词中有一类只当复数看待的词,或者我们只把它们看作复数的词,那么它们的谓语只能用复数,象:cattle,folk,people,police,youth等等,这里要提一下的是people这个词,如果它所表示的是民族的话,那么它的谓语就用单数.2)主语形式为复数,而意义上为单数,谓语动词用单数。
形复意单的词有:news,works,trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors和一些以s结尾的书名、组织机构的名称以及以ics 结尾的学科名称等。
●Physics is a difficult subjiect.●Her glasses are new.但是当这类词前有a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词应用单数形式。
●This pair of pants is fit for me.三、就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,1、并列结构作主语时。
1)由and 并列的两个名词做主语时,如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数●The iron and steel industry is very important.●The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.2)当each...and each...;every...and every...;no...and no...;many a.. and many a...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
●No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.●Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.3)由not only…but also…; neither…nor…; either…or…并列两个主语时,谓语动词和就近的保持一致●Not only the students but also the teacher wants to see the film.●Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.4) 如果主语是单数,即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语,谓语动词仍然用单数(与第一个主语保持一致)●An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here.● A scientist, together with some assistants, was sent to the flooded area to help in the work.2、分数、百分数作主语时分数,百分数+ of + 名词做主语时,主要看名词是单数还是复数;是可数还是不可数●More than 70% of the earth is covered with water.●60% of the students have arrived.但,population 单独做主语,为单数●What is the population of the city?注意: 如果分数用one in five,two in five之类的,那么则看in前面的数词,是one时,谓语动词用单数(无论后面的主语是单数还是复数),如果是大于one 的数词,则由后面的名词的单、复数来确定谓语的形式。
●One in five students is in the classroom.●Two in five students are on the playground.●Three in five water is salty.3、不定代词作主语时1)each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数●Each of us has something to say about the subject. (注意:如果是we each 就用复数)●Just a minute, someone is talking with manager.2)none指不可数名词时为单数,指可数名词时为单复皆可,主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数●None of the books are easy for us.●None cares now.3)what, which, who, some, more, most, all(指人时谓语动词用复数,指物时谓语动词用单数)等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定●Which is / are your room / rooms?●What we need is more practice.4)either, neither作主语通常看作单数●Neither of us has passed the examination.●Either of them has known it.5)both ;(a)few,many,several作主语时,谓语动词通常用作复数形式。
●Both (of) the students are not right.4、the +adj.表示一类人时为复数,表示一类物概念时为单数●The poor were looked down upon in the old days.●The true is always appreciated anytime.5、Many a和more than one修饰的词做主语时,虽然是复数意义,但谓语动词要用单数●Many a person has had that kind of experience.●More than one expert was invited to the party.6、a number of + n为复数(许多的,大量的);the number of + n为单数(、、、的数量)● A number of books on this subject have been published.●The number of books on this subject is amazing.7、one of + pl做先行词,后接定语从句且关系代词做主语,定语从句的谓语动词用复数;the one of…/ the very one of… / the only one of…做先行词且关系代词做主语,定语从句的谓语动词用单数●He is one of the students who are into computer games.●He is the only one of the students who i s into computer games.8、动名词,不定式或者从句做主语时1)在“主系表”结构中,如果以what从句作主语,表语又是单数,主句的谓语动词一般用单数;但如果表语是复数,主句的谓语动词一般用复数;动词不定式,-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
●What caused the accident is a complete mystery.●To learn English well is difficult.2) 当what从句具有两个或两个以上的动词,是表示复数意义的并列结构时,主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。
●What I say and think are none of your business.3)用how and why,when and where 引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
●How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle,success andsadness.4) and连接的两个名词性从句作主语,如果表示两件事情,其谓语动词常用复数形式。
●What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.9、形式为复数,意义为单数的名词作主语时。
1)表示时间,数量,距离,重量,长度及价值的名词尽管是复数形式但常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数●Today ten thousand yuan is not a large number.●100 miles was covered in a single night.2)不可数名词如果被表示数量的名词所修饰,谓语动词用复数●Three million tons of coal were exported that year3)one and a half…为单数●One and a half hours is enough for the experiment.4)群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如:the Alps,the Philippines,Niagara Falls等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
●Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.10、here的倒装句型, there be引起一个句子而主语又不止一个,谓语动词通常和就近的一个一致●Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks.●There is a computer, a typewriter and two telephones on the desk.[真题演练]1、All possible means___been taken to stop the river___.(2006北京)A. have; pollutingB.has; pollutedC.have; from pollutedD.has; being polluted解析:选D。