【高考复习】2018-2019学年最新英语高考二轮专题复习课件：第1讲名词和冠词
判定方法
当确定所填词是可数名词时， 需要考虑其单复数问题。除了 根据上下文语境之外，还可以 通过以下信息判断。 1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数 形式。 2.有these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时 名词用复数形式。 3.名词前有one of 时用名词复 数形式。 4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语 动词是单数形式，则空格处 应填名词单数形式；若谓语 动词是复数形式，则空格处 应填名词复数形式。
谨记规律
词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般 加es。例如： fox狐狸→foxes
important letters in an umbrella, bus公共汽车→buses
coach教练→coaches
branch树枝→branches bush灌木丛→bushes
soon the leaves began to fall
一般在名词词尾直接加s。 例如： friend (朋友)→friends nation (国家)→nations interest (兴趣)→interests change (变化)→changes member (成员)→members wing (翅膀)→wings
自主练悟
③(2017· 河南省天一大联考)I learned that spies usually hid in a shoe, or even in a pair of glasses (glass)． ordinary _______ ④(2017·银川一中二模)But without sunlight and good soil,
[特别说明] 本讲主要涉及名词的单复数和所有格，有关名词 的词性转换将在“第 6 讲 构词法”中具体讲解。
——如何确定填名词的单复数还是所有格
判定方法 应用体验
提示词为名词时，分析 ①(2017· 全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned 句子成分后若发现词性 down several invitations (invitation) 不需要改变，则一般考 to star at shows in order to concentrate 查所给名词的复数形 on her studies. ②(2017· 湖南师大附中模拟)This could “„„的”，则一般考 be Mary’s (Mary) motto — the expression that best captures her spirit. 查名词的所有格。 式；如果作定语表示
——名词单复数的常考点
(一)名词复数的规则变化
自主练悟 ①(2017·浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful carrots (carrot) and of small _______ was about to throw them away. ②(2017·湖南师大附中模拟) The new pilot says it’s never wings too late to spread your ______ (wing) and try something new. 谨记规律
began to dry.
注意：stomach(胃部)的
加 s。
down and the branches ________ (branch) 复数形式是在词尾直接
自主练悟 ⑤(2016·四川高考)Any smell
谨记规律 词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变
might attract natural ________ enemies y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋
一、基础保分类考点——这些语法较简单，以练促学把分捡第1～6讲
第1讲
名词和冠词
语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有 格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名 词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名 词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。解答有关名词的题 目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量 词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语 等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还 是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分， 判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。
应用体验
③(2017·桂林市联考)To them, life is a competition (compete) — they have to do ___________ better than their peers to be happy. ④(2017·山师大附中模拟)She had several _______ illnesses (ng, including pneumonia and headache. ⑤(2017·绵阳市模拟)It is one of the world’s most-visited _____ cities (city) in terms of international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system. dependence ⑥(2017·成都市模拟)The ___________ (depend) on mobile devices is even having physical and mental effects. Chances ⑦(2017·漳州市八校联考)________ (chance) are that you will receive three different answers.
(enemy) that would try to eat y时，直接加s。例如： the little panda. ⑥(2017·唐山市一模)The enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies
2019年高考英语二轮复习课件：专题一(共18张PPT)
方式(二) 问题——文章——问题 即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题。 其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，比较适用于解答事实性和细 节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。 上面这两种读文方式的采用因人而异，无优劣之分。当然， 题型不同，读文的方式也应有所不同。但无论采用哪种方式，一 旦选定适合自身的方式，应持之以恒，形成读文做题的习惯。
3.对比、比较处常考 另外，作者也经常把两个事物、两件事实、两种观点进行对 比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的一些标志性词语有 unlike，by contrast，in comparison，be compared with等。命题者常 对对比的双方属性进行考查。比如文章中说“甲具有X属性，但乙 与甲不同，那乙有何属性？”答：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻 辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他考点中。
4．因果处常考 因果逻辑关系也很受高考英语命题者的青睐，因为因果关系 阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者 得出结论的地方。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能 力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防 止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：because，because of，for， since，due to，thanks to，as a result of，as，so，thus，therefore， consequently，in consequence，as a result，result from，result in， cause，lead to，attribute...to等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因 果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时 候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。
5.举例说明处常考 一般的议论文和说明文都需要一些例子来支持作者的论证和 说明，这些例子往往与作者的论述和说明有很大的关联，考纲中 明确提出考生需要掌握区分论点与论据的能力，因此这也成了考 题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有 如下的标志性词汇：for example，for instance，take...as an example，such as，like等。考生要牢记一般文章举例处的前后句就 是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追 本溯源，寻找论点，才能保证所选答案的正确性。
2019版高考英语二轮复习(通用版)讲义第三板块 NO.2 再研考点 第一层级 第一讲 名词和冠词含解析
第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分第一讲名词和冠词在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。
在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。
名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them，”she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience)．答案：1.Germans 2.dollars 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.minutes'7.Frenchmen8.money9.jewels/jewelry10.experience(二)快捷技法1．可数名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加-s(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加-es(4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加-s(5)以o结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加-s，如pianos, photos；有生命的在词尾加-es，如potatoes, heroes等(6)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加-es。
2018年高考英语二轮专题复习全系列配套ppt课件(24份)
The most obvious example is probably Christmas, which
is celebrated around the world. 最明显的例子可能就是圣诞节了，它被世界各地的人们
庆祝。
(名词短语作主语)
Mastering a foreign language will be of great help in our
他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。
(动词短语和动词作谓语)
The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too simple and dull.
手表在我们日常生活中是必要的，但它的功能太简单呆板
了。
(系表结构作谓语)
分析：分析句子结构可知，that引导宾语从句，if引导状 语从句，空格处应为主句的主语，主句的谓语动词是show， 故应填st3·全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Have tea in the late
afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.
句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。 句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补 语和同位语等。
一、主语 习惯于发号施令，
偶尔也会被赶下台(用“—”标注)
在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作的发出者。主语一般 位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如： 疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下 台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的词和短语 主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定 式(短语)和从句等。当主语为从句等时，为避免头重脚轻， 可用it作形式主语。
高考英语二轮复习语法之名词精讲(Word版)
高考二轮复习语法专项训练-名词名词(1)可数名词及其单复数名词：......a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).2018年(新课标I)名词：......they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.2018年(新课标I)名词：After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. 2018年全国Ⅱ卷名词：This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.2018年全国Ⅱ卷名词：I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.2018年全国Ⅱ卷名词：.......learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.名词：…..has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease 2017年（新课标I）名词：The instructor kept repeating the word, 2017年（新课标I）名词：It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _ _61__(crowd) on 2017年全国II卷名词：This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 2017年全国II卷名词：But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract). 2020年（新课标I）名词：The nursery team switches him every few 68 ( day) with his sister so that 2016年（新课标I）名词：Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). 2016年全国Ⅱ卷名词：The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . 2016年全国Ⅱ 卷名词：Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work 2019年全国Ⅱ卷名词：influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. 2016年全国Ⅱ 卷名词：artists in so many Chinese _65__(painting). 2015年新课标I名词：what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63___(able) to “air condition” 2015年新课标II名词：One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. 2015年新课标II名词：for most of us the___69_______(change) are gradual 2020年新课标I名词：since then---for all these year---2014年新课标I名词：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day. 2014年新课标IIcauses chickens sorts pollution scientist mistakeseffects words crowds introduction attraction daysachievement years studies developmentpaintings ability parents changes years hours(2) 不可数名词名词：Besides, they often get some useful informations from the internet. 2017年全国II卷名词：and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 2016年全国Ⅱ卷名词：The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 2020年新课标Iinformation knowledge air常见不可数名词：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic(3)专有名词专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织机构的名称，专有名词一般具有独一性。
新课标高考英语二轮复习课件：名词
Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2019·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net._s_u_rp_r_i_si_n_g_→__s_u_r_p_ri_s_e 2 ． (2019·新 课 标 全 国 卷 Ⅰ)All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. __p_la_y_e_r_→__p_la_y_e_r_s_ 3．(2019·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do. __j_o_b_→__jo_b_s__ 4．(2019·新课标全国卷Ⅲ)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. _c_i_t_y→___ci_t_ie_s_
9．(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.___in__fo_r_m_a_t_i_o_n_s→__i_n_f_o_rm__a_ti_o_n_
10．(2016·四川卷)Mom has a full-time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks._h_o_u_s_e_w_o_r_k_s_→__h_o_u_s_e_w_o_r_k_
4 ． (2018·江 苏 卷 )Other American studies showed no ___c_o_n_n_e_c_ti_o_n_/c_o_n_n_e_c_ti_o_n_s__ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
第01讲 名词(讲义)(教师版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第01讲名词目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (2)02 知识导图.思维引航 (3)03 考点突破.考法探究 (4)考点一名词的数 (4)知识点1 可数名词复数的规则变化 (5)知识点2 可数名词的不规化 (6)知识点3 复合名词的变化规则 (7)知识点4 不可数名词 (7)知识点5 名词与数量词的搭配 (8)知识点6 复数形式表示特殊含义的名词 (8)考点二名词的格 (9)知识点1 ‘s所有格 (9)知识点2 of所有格 (10)知识点3 双重名词所有格 (10)考点三常考名词后缀 (11)考点四常考易混名词辨析 (13)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (16)2.命题演练 (18)【高考导航】1.（2024年浙江1月高考语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).【答案】have started【解析】考查现在完成时。
句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。
根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。
动词start意为“开始”。
故填have started。
【思维建模】设空处考查的是谓语动词，实则和空格前面的名词复数有密切关联，解题时不可单纯考虑时态和语态，还应当瞻前顾后，观察作主语的名词单复数的情况。
2. (2023年新高考II卷)Since June 2017, right before the ______ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.【答案】arrival【解析】考查名词语法填空空格前是冠词，空格后是介词时，考虑用名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival。