职称英语卫生类B级真题2011年
职称英语卫生类B级真题2011年(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) (总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours．（分数：1.00）A.spendB.takestD.stand √解析：题意：简说，她无法忍受这么长时间。
划线词的词义是“忍受，容忍”。
A项spend意为花费。
例句：You really shouldn’t spend so much effort on it．你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。
B项take意为拿，取。
例句：Please take the trash to the garbage can．请将垃圾拿到垃圾筒里去。
C项last意为持续。
例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎热的天气持续到九月。
D项stand意为站立，忍受。
例句：I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on．我觉得这椅子不够稳固，不能站人。
很明显D项正确。
2.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened．（分数：1.00）A.giveB.attachC.understand √D.lose解析：题意：当时我们没有理解所发生事情的重要性。
划线词的词义是“抓住；领会，理解”。
A 项give意为给。
例句：Have you given the waiter a tip?你给侍者小费了吗? B项attach意为附上，加上。
例句：I attach a copy of my notes for your information．我附上笔记一份供你参考。
C项understand意为理解，领悟。
例句：I don’t understand what you’re talking about．我不明白你在说什么。
D项lose意为丢失，丧失。
例句：I lost my wallet yesterday．我昨天丢了钱包。
很明显C项正确。
3.His shoes were shined to perfection．（分数：1.00）A.clearedB.washedC.mendedD.polished √解析：题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。
划线词shine(vt．)的词义是“使发光，使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)”。
A项clear意思为澄清；扫除。
例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。
B项wash意思为洗。
例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋么? C项mend意思为修补。
例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我们要请人修理一下熨斗。
D项polish意思为擦亮；抛光。
例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。
很明显D项正确。
4.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer．（分数：1.00）A.reportedB.hopedC.answeredD.admitted √解析：题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。
划线词的词义是“承认”。
A项report意思为报告。
例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．这次事故据说有20人死亡。
B项hope意思为希望。
例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped．事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。
C项answer意思为回答。
例句：The question is simple enough to answer．这个问题很简单，容易回答。
D项admit意思为承认。
例句：Of course，part of the challenge is her admitting difficulty with acting in English．当然，一部分挑战是她自己承认的用英语表演的困难。
很明显D项正确。
5.We have to act within the existing legal framework．（分数：1.00）A.system √B.limitC.procedureD.status解析：题意：我们必须在现有的法律框架内行事。
划线词framework(n．)的词义是“框架；组织”。
A项system意思为体系；组织。
例句：The drainage system has been aged．排水系统已经老化了。
B 项limit意思为界限。
例句：That fence is the limit of the schoolyard．那堵围墙是校园的界限。
C 项procedure意思为步骤。
例句：The next procedure is to insert the battery．接下来的步骤是装进电池。
D项status意思为状况。
例句：We ask the bank to report on his financial status．我们请银行报告他的财政状况。
很明显A项正确。
6.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives．（分数：1.00）A.effortB.problemC.influence √D.concern解析：题意：高速列车可能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
划线词的词义是“影响”。
A项effort 意思为努力。
例句：They are making every effort to decrease the production cost．他们正尽力减少生产成本。
B项problem意思为问题。
例句：We had no time to deliberate on the problem．我们没有时间仔细思考这个问题。
C项influence意思为影响。
例句：What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对孩子究竟有什么影响? D项concern意思为关心，挂念。
例句：Hardly a whisper of concern has been voiced．没有人表示过一点点的关心。
很明显C项正确。
7.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses．（分数：1.00）A.relativeB.generalC.continuous √D.sharp解析：题意：该项研究还表明选学理科课程的大学生数量在持续下降。
划线词的词义是“稳定的，持续的”。
A项relative意思为相关的。
例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper．老师问了我一些和我的论文有关的问题。
B项general意思为总的。
例句：I get the general impression that they aren’t very happy．我对他们的总体印象是他们过得并不是很幸福。
C项continuous意思为连续的。
例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases．大气圈是连续的气体层。
D项sharp意思为急剧的。
例句：The car turned sharp left．那部车向左急转弯。
很明显C项正确。
8.They converted the spare bedroom into an office．（分数：1.00）A.reducedB.turned √C.moved解析：题意：他们把空闲的卧室改成了一间办公室。
划线词convert(vt．)的词义是“转换，改造”。
A项reduce意思为减少。
例句：They are selling the goods under the counter at reduced prices．他们正在削价偷偷出售商品。
B项turn意思为改变，使改成。
例句：Nothing will ever turn him from his purpose．什么也不能使他改变目标。
C项move意思为移动。
例句：The army is on the move．部队在行军。
D项reform意思为改革。
例句：Because of his encouragement，she won the best designer by her reformed cheongsam．因为他的鼓励，她以她的改良式旗袍赢得了最佳设计师奖。
很明显B 项正确。
9.Mr．Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year．（分数：1.00）A.heldB.increased √C.expectedD.offered解析：题意：在过去的一年，亨利先生快速地抛售了他的股票。
划线词accelerate是一个及物动词(vt．)。
经查，其词义是“加速”。
A项hold意思为拥有。
例句：The city is held by the enemy．这座城市已被敌人占领。
B项increase意思为增加。
例句：Rising prices neutralized increased wages．上涨的物价使增加的工资化为乌有。
C项expect意思为预料。
例句：The doctor’s fee was higher than we expected．这位医生的收费比我们预料的高。
D项offer意思为提供。
例句：I offered her a range of opinions．我向她提供了一系列看法。
很明显B项正确。
10.We need to extract the relevant financial data．（分数：1.00）A.obtain √B.storeC.saveD.review解析：题意：我们需要获取有关的财政数据。
职称英语综合类B级真题及参考答案
职称英语综合类B级真题及参考答案职称英语综合类B级真题及参考答案第一部分：词汇选项 (第 1~15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有1 个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Patricia stared at the other girls with (resentment).A doubtB angerC loveD surprise2. I want to provide my boys with a (decent) education.A specialB privateC goodD general3. Her father was a quiet man with (graceful) manners.A politeB similarC usualD bad4. There was a (profound) silence after is remark.AshortB deepC proudD sudden5. The document was (compiled) by the Department of Health.A printedB attachedC writtenD sent6. In the process, the light energy (converts) to heat energy.A changesB reducesC leavesD drops7. Many cities have (restricted) smoking in public places.A limitedB allowedC stoppedD kept8. The thief was finally (captured) two miles away from the village.A killedB jailedC caughtD found9. If we leave now, we should (miss) the traffic.A mixB avoidC directD stop10. What are my chances of (promotion) if I stay here.A advancementB replacementC retirementD advertisement11. We’ve seen a (marked) shift in our approach to the social issues.A greatB clearC quickD regular12. Such a database would be extremely costly to (set up).A updateB transferC destroyD establish13. The two banks have announced plans to (merge) nest year.A combineB breakC sellD close14. I enjoyed the play- it had a clever plot and very (funny) dialogues.A humorousB longC originalD boring15. He’s spent years (cultivating) a knowledge of art.A denyingB usingC sharingD developing第二部分：阅读判断 (第 16~22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的`内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A ;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B ;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C 。
职称英语2011年B级
6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears. A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow 7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill areers. A.easy B.possible C.likely D.difficult 8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days. A.possibility B.necessity C.ability D.probability 9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills. A.beautiful B.stretching C.spreading D.rolling 10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps. A.loads yers C.pyramids D.piles 11.The news will horrify everyone. A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite 12.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 13.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior. A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take
2011职称
下面是2011年阅读理解和完形填空新增文章的目录，供大家在复习时进行对照。
综合类阅读理解部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People对年轻人的过高期望综合类完型填空部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第十二篇Sport or Spectacle竞技还是表演?综合类教材中完型填空题型错误提醒：1、第十三篇英文暂无译文。
2、第十三篇中文译文实为第十五篇英文的译文。
3、第十五篇中文译文，大家可忽略不计，因英文已在教材删除。
复习重点仍应该放在词汇选项、阅读理解、完型填空三大题型上。
（一）阅读理解题型复习策略：关注新增文章：大家要利用这段时间把2011年新增的文章（新增文章列表见下文），尤其是本类别新增的文章要仔细认真的进行背诵和复习，在背诵文章时，应注意以下三点：（1）背诵每个题目的答案，不能只记ABCD（2）关注文章的中文内容，为换题做准备；（3）要全面重点背诵三个类别中新增的15篇文章，防止串考现象。
（二）完型填空题型复习策略：大家在复习完形填空题型时，应注意以下几点：（1）完型填空题型为题库出题，不需要做课外题目，综合类、理工类、卫生类串考情况比较少，各级别复习重点，综合类学生要扩大复习范围。
（2）复习要有层次感：把握住复习重点（3）复习程度把握：每篇文章的中文意思一定要全部了解，不能只记标题。
文章空白处反复练习，语法现象熟记。
（三）词汇选项题型的复习策略大家可以利用2月份这段时间集中进行同义词的积累和记忆，同时每天利用一定的时间练习进行查字典，对于基础较差的考生，建议抽时间坚持每天可以练习10—20对左右，这样有利于大家全面攻克词汇选项题型。
（四）其他题型的复习策略：阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子和补全短文三个题型，由于题目难度较大，且根据往年出题规律，一般不出教材内的内容，分值所占比重较小。
建议考生在复习过程中主要以掌握解题技巧为主，通过一些习题进行技巧的灵活应用。
职称英语
2011年职称英语卫生类阅读理解新增文章篇目第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer(癌瘤) among women in the city was cooking oil fumes(烟，气，汽)while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a five-year research study．Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer．They said patients are younger, especially women．According to the Shanghai Tumor(肿瘤)research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else．Following breast(乳房，胸) cancer, it has the second-highest incidence(发生\发生率)) rate．“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer, ”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis(诊断) and Treatment Center．He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years．Among them,l,483 were male．Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only l8 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling(吸入) second-hand smoke, according to the report．However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated（使疼痛，刺激） eyes and throat．About 32 percent of women fried（油炸，油煎） foods in boiling oil in unventilated （使不通风） kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent（临近的） to the kitchen．However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer．Some claimed they may change food preparation methods．“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook, ”said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman．“I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer．I have already started frying less.”Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary （饮食的） habits and weak immune（免疫的） systems．Other experts agreed with he．“Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men, ”said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary（名誉上的；荣誉的） president of the Respiratory（呼吸的） Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College．“It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women．”He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls（货摊） selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used．The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said．1．What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women．B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men．C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males．D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females．2．Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A Heart disease．B Breast cancer．C Infectious diseases．D Lung cancer．3．What symptoms may be' complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes?A Irritated eyes and throat．B Severe pain in both lungs．C Continuous cough and headache．D Difficulty in breathin9．4．What was the local women's reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy．B Surprised．C Angry．D Careless5．Which of the following has relatively little connection with women's lung cancer?A Family cancer history．B Unhealthy dietary habits．C Weak immune systems．D Personal health and physical condition．答案与题解：1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics Most older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin （胰岛素） if they would do brisk（轻快的；活泼的，活跃的） exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen〔哥本哈根(丹麦首都)〕 newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday．Results from tests conducted on diabetics〔(患)糖尿病的；糖尿病患者〕 at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to utilize insulin by 30 per cent, the newspaper reported．This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics（糖尿病；多尿症） get from their insulin medication（药物，药物治疗） today, it said．Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with typeⅡ,all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months．After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects'（实验对象） muscles（肌肉） could utilise（利用，使用） as a measure for how well their insulin worked.Associate Professor Dr．Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation（利用，使用） as the healthy non-exercising persons．“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups．Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms．At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment,”Dela was quoted as saying （格言）．Insulin is a hormone（激素） produced by the pancreas〔胰(腺)〕, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes．Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise．Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added．1．How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?A By taking more salt than usual．B By taking less salt than usual．C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week．D By going climbing，swimming or boxing every day．2．Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin byA 70 per cent．B 30 per cent．C 60 per cent．D only a few per cent．3. The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital includedA elderly non-diabetic men．B elderly type II diabetic men．C both sexes of all ages．D both A and B．4. To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?A To the degree where they begin to sweat．B To the degree where they feel exhausted．C To the point when they feel thirsty．D To the point when they have to take insulin．5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importentance of watching their diet．A as poorly understood asB as well understood asC less understood thanD better understood than the importance答案与题解：1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C*第二十四篇Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment（虐待）is a global problem with serious life-1ong consequences（结局，结果）．There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence（流行）of child maltreatment．Data for many countries,especially low-and middle-income countries, are lacking．Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study．Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used．Nonetheless，international studies reveal that approximately（大约，大概） 20％ of women and 5-10％ of men report being sexually abused（滥用；虐待） as children．While 25 —50％ of all children report being physically abused．Additionally，many children are subject to emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as psychological abuse)．Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide（杀人） deaths in children under 15．This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed （归因于）to falls, burns and drowning．Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences．Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption（扰乱） in early brain development．Extreme stress can impair（损害）the development of the nervous and immune systems．Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural , physical and mental health problems．Via （通过）the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease，cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted（传染，传播） infections．Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment． there is an economic impact, including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood（可能性） of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent（青春期之男孩或女孩儿）, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special need, crying persistently（坚持地，持续地） or having abnormal physical features.1.The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT ____according to the passage.A child maltreatment is a global problemB there is no exact data about low-and mid-income countriesC there is a shortage of the professional data collectorsD different scientists use different research methods2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.B 25—50％ of all children were reported to have been physically abused．C 25_50％ of children were psychologically abused．D 60—75％ of children were neglected by their parents．3．Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT_______ according to the passage．A drowning in swimmingB diarrheaC burnsD falls4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up．B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems．C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development．D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood．5．The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT______ according to the passage．A they frequently and easily cryB they are in infant’s or in adolescent periodC they are often neglected by their parents or friendsD they often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents答案与题解：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D+第三十四篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial ResistanceThe ability of micro--organisms to find ways to evade(逃避，避开) the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue．Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose(提出) particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative(可供选择的) options for therapy．They constitute a growing and global public health problem．WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement(实现，实施) hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains(种类) and to reinforce(加强力量) national policy on prudent(慎重的，谨慎的) use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．The article “has drawn attention to the issue of AMR(antimicrobial resistance),and，in particular，has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring(监控) and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control．Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments，the pharmaceutical industry,and international agencies．WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance(监视，监管) for antimicrobial resistance; rational(合理的，有理性的) antibiotic use, including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription；and strict adherence(坚持，固守) to infection prevention and control measures，including the use of hand-washing measures．particularly in healthcare facilities．Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented (证明，支持) in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented．WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant(相关的) policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011．练习：1．Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?A The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and nonew drugs against the bacteria are available at present．B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past, so the researchers aremore interested.C The antibiotics for multi—drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and therewill be a big market for the drug industry．D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drugresistant bacteria.2．Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene．B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria．C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by theantibiotics．3．Ⅵmo of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?A Those who use antibiotics．B Those who sell antibiotics．C Those who produce antibiotics．D Those who study in universities．4．All the following recommendations to the governments from WH0 is true EXCEPTA education to the users of antibiotics．B control on use of antibiotics in health facilities．C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics．D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they can use．5．What can you infer from the passage?A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmissionof multi-drug resistant organisms．B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmissionof multi—drug resistant organisms is still under control．C Without the support from WH0，no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi．drug resistant organisms．D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set aspecial day for it in 2011．答案与题解：1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B卫生类完形填空新增文章第二篇InfluenzaInfluenza(流行性感冒) has been with us a long time．According __1___ some Greek writers on medical history，the outbreak of 412 B.C．was of influenza．The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through l the Greek army__2___ Syracuse in 395 B．C． Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people ___3___ in crowded conditions，hence，it is likely to attack armies．During the nineteenth century there were five widespread ___4___ of influenza．The last of the five ___5___ in l889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time．Like the ___6___started in Asia．For more than forty years before that outbreak，influenza had steadily ___7___ and was believed to be dying out.2 A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of l889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu ___8___ a constant threat．In April 1918 flu broke out3 among American troops stationed in France．It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively ___9___deaths．Four months later，___10___，a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also ___11___young adults．It went through4 every country in the world，only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining ___12__．It brought the life of whole countries ___13___，food supplies stopped and work loss was very great．Before the great outbreak ended，it ___14___ at least l5 million people．Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world．It is thus ___15___ that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.词汇：Influenza n．流行性感冒Outbreak n．爆发Syracuse n．叙拉古(意大利西西里岛东南部一海港)Widespread 普遍的，散布很广的steadily adv．稳定地quarter n．四分之一constant 妨经常发生的troop (常用复数)军队，部队station vt．驻扎’Atlantic adj"．大西洋的；n．(the Atlantic)大西洋Pacific adj．太平洋的；n．(the Pacific)太平洋Thereafter adv．此后，其后注释：1．sweep through：席卷，横扫2．die out：消失，不复存在3．break out：突然发生；爆发4．go through：走遍练习：1．A at B to C in D from2．A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking 3．A sitting B standing C living D appearing 4．A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases5．A changed B happened C arise D descend6．A it B they C which D those7．A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased 8．A was no 1onger B went out of C ceased to be D reamained 9．A few B many C countless D innumerable 10．A in addition B however C therefore D moreover 11．A weak B disabled C sick D healthy 12．A touching B touched C untouched D having touched 13．A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop 14．A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing 15．A clear B strage C uncertain D questionable 答案与题解：1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．A*第七篇ExerciseWhether or not exercise adds __l__ the length of life，it is common experience that a certain__2__of regular exercise improves the health and contributes a feeling of well-being(康乐)．Furthermore, exercise__3__involves play and recreation(娱乐，消遣)，and relieves nervous tension and mental fatigue(疲劳) in so doing, is notonly pleasant but beneficial.How much and what kind of exercise one should __4__ merits careful consideration．The growing child and the normal young man and young woman thrill(激动) with the exhilaration(高兴；振奋) of strenuous(紧张的；费力的) sports．They fatigue to the__5__of exhaustion(筋疲力尽) but recover promptly(迅速地) with a period of rest．But not so with__6__ of middle age and beyond．For them moderation(适度，适中) is__7__ vital importance． Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take is a question __8__to answer．Individual variability(变异性，可变性) is__ 9__ great to permit of generalization(一般化，普遍化)．A game of tennis may be perfectly safe for one person of forty but folly(愚蠢，蠢事) for another．The safe limit for exercise __lO__ on the condition of the heart，the condition of the muscles，the type of exercise，and the regularity(规律性) with which it is taken．Two general suggestions，however，will __ll__ as sound advice for anyone．The first is that the condition of the heart and general health should be__12__ periodically(定期地) by careful，thorough physical examinations．The__13__ is that exercise shouldbe kept below the point of physical exhaustion．What type of exercise one should __14__ depends upon one’s physical condition．Young people can safely enjoy vigorous(精力充沛的，有力的) competitive(竞争的，比赛的) sports，but most older persons do better to limit themselves to less strenuous activities． Walking，swimming，skating(滑冰) are among the sports that one can enjoy and safely participate__15__ throughout life．Regularity is important if one is to get the most enjoyment(享受，欢乐，愉快) and benefit out of exercise．1． A for B to C at D of2． A heaviness B highness C amount D number3． A which B where C when D why4． A carry B make C bring D take5． A point B place C left D reverse6． A these B this C those D that7． A against B below C on D of8． A easy B hard C impossible D unnecessary9． A very B too C constantly D considerably10．A depends B bases C acts D carries11．A refer B regard C serve D treat12．A delayed B defended C designed D determined13．A other B another C one D same14．A endure B choose C rebuild D produce15．A with B from C in D on答案与题解：1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C*第八篇Food Safety and Foodborne IllnessFood safety is an increasingly important public health issue．Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety．These efforts are in response ___l___ an increasing number of food safety problems and___2___ consumer concerns．Foodborne illnesses are___3___as diseases，usually either infectious or toxic(有毒的；因中毒引起的) in nature，caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion(摄取) of food．Every person is___4___risk of foodborne illness．Foodborne diseases are a widespread and growing public health problem，both in developed___5___ developing countries． The global___6___of foodborne disease is difficult to estimate, but it has been reported that in 2005___7 ___ 8 million people died from diarrhoeal diseases．A great___8___ of these cases can be attributed(归因于) to contamination of food and drinking water．___9 ___ , diarrhoea is a major cause of malnutrition in infants and young children．In industrialized countries, the percentage of the population suffering from foodborne diseases each year has been reported to be l0___10___30％．In the United States of America(USA)，for example，around 76 million cases of foodborne diseases，___11___325，000 hospitalizations and 5，000 deaths，are estimated to occur each year．While less well documented，developing countries bear the brunt(首当其冲) of the problem due to the presence of a wide___l2___of foodborne diseases，including those caused by parasites．The high___l3___of diarrhoeal diseases in many developing countries suggests major underlying food safety problems．In partnership___l4___ other stakeholders(参与人，参与方)，WHO is developing policies that will further promote the safety of food． These policies cover the entire food chain from production to consumption(消费，消耗) and will___l5___ different types of expertise(专门知识或技能)．1． A to B against C with D towards2． A raising B arising C rising D rosen3． A declared B defined C derived D demanded4． A with B within C at D in5． A or B with C of D and6． A incident B incidence C accident D instance7． A lonely B alone C alonely D lone8． A size B position C proportion D amount9． A Nevertheless B However C Whatever D Additionally10．A up to B down to C up towards D down towards11．A resulting from B resulting in C resulted from D resulted in12．A range B distance C order D arrangement13．A prevailing B spreading C prevalent D prevalence14．A of B for C from D with15．A make use of B take use of C make use D take use答案与题解：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．A+第十二篇Pandemic H1N1 2009The most active areas of pandemic〔在广大地区流行的(疾病)〕influenza transmission(传播) currently(时下地，当今地) are in central and eastern Europe.Focal increases in rats during recent weeks were reported in at least two eastern European countries． A high intensity(强度) of respiratory diseases activity ___1___ concurrent(同时存在的，同时发生的) circulation(流传，流通) of pandemic influenza still___2___parts of southern and eastern Europe，___3___in Greece(希腊)，Poland(波兰)，and Ukraine(乌克兰)．In Western Europe，influenza___4____remains active and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked(达到顶点)． All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1Nl 2009，however，very small___ 5____of seasonal(季节的) influenza viruses，covering less than l％ of all influenza viruses___6__，were reported in Russia．___7___，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring(发生) in Northern African countries___8___ the Mediterranean(地中海的，地中海附近(各国的)) coast．In Central Asia．1imited data___9___that influenza virus circulation remains active , but transmission may have recently peaked in some places．In West Asia，Israel(以色列)，Iran(伊朗)，and Iraq(伊拉克) also appear ___l0___ their peak period of transmission within the past month，though ___ll___ areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels．In East Asia，influenza transmission remains active but appears to be ___12___ overall．____13____increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia(蒙古国) after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago．In North America，influenza transmission___14___widespread but has declined quickly in all countries．In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean(加勒比海)，influenza transmission remains geographically(地理地) widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ____15____focal(焦点的，与焦点有关的) increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries．1．A of B with C for D in2．A remains of B keeps C exists D develops3．A particularly B usually C exactly D completely4．A transport B transmission C development D occurrence5．A amounts B counts C calculations D numbers6．A to find B finding C finds D found7．A However B Nevertheless C But D In addition8．A along B on C at D around9．A advise B propose C suggest D recommend10.A to pass B passing C to have passed D passed11.A both B all C none D neither12 A declining B reducing C below D under13.A Little B Big C Slight D Great14.A reduces B remains C increases D prevents15.A apart from B beside C besides D except for答案与题解：1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D。
2011年职称英语卫生类完型填空新增文章篇目
2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目卫生类完形填空新增文章篇目第二篇Influenza*第七篇Exercise*第八篇Food Safety and Foodborne Illness+第十二篇Pandemic H1N11 2009第二篇InfluenzaInfluenza has been with us a long time．According___1_____ some Greek writers on medical history，the outbreak of 412 B.C．was of influenza．The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through l the Greek army_____2_____ Syracuse in 395 B．C． Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people____3____ in crowded conditions，hence，it is likely to attack armies．During the nineteenth century there were five widespread＿＿４＿＿ of influenza．The last of the five_____5_____ in l889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time．Like the_____6_____started in Asia．For more than forty years before that outbreak，influenza had steadily＿＿7＿＿ and was believed to be dying out.2A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of l889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu ____8____ a constant threat．In April 1918 flu broke out3 among American troops stationed in France．It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively____9____deaths．Four months later，____10____，a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also____11_____young adults．It went through4every country in the world，only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining____12 ____．It brought the life of whole countries_____l3____，food supplies stopped and work loss was very great．Before the great outbreak ended，it___l4___ at least l5 million people．Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world．It is thus____15_____ that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.词汇：Influenza n．流行性感冒Outbreak n．爆发Syracuse n．叙拉古(意大利西西里岛东南部一海港)Widespread 普遍的，散布很广的steadily adv．稳定地quarter n．四分之一constant 妨经常发生的troop (常用复数)军队，部队station vt．驻扎’Atlantic adj"．大西洋的；n．(the Atlantic)大西洋Pacific adj．太平洋的；n．(the Pacific)太平洋Thereafter adv．此后，其后注释：1．sweep through：席卷，横扫2．die out：消失，不复存在3．break out：突然发生；爆发4．go through：走遍练习：1．A at B to C in D from2．A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking 3．A sitting B standing C living D appearing 4．A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases5．A changed B happened C arise D descend6．A it B they C which D those7．A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased 8．A was no 1onger B went out of C ceased to be D reamained 9．A few B many C countless D innumerable 10．A in addition B however C therefore D moreover 11．A weak B disabled C sick D healthy 12．A touching B touched C untouched D having touched 13．A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop14．A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing 15．A clear B strage C uncertain D questionable 答案与题解：1．B 四个选项中只有to可以与according连用，意为“根据，按照”，与上下文意思吻合。
职称英语考试综合类(B级)试题、答案
XX年职称英语考试综合类(B级)试题、答案综合类(B级)试题第1局部：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线局部意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1 It is obvious that he will win the game．A likelyB possibleC clearD probable2 The earth moves around the sun．A beforeB roundC afterD over3 Did anyone call when l was out?A everyoneC nobodyB someoneD anybody4 It took us a long time to mend the house．A buildB destroyC designD repair5 I don’t quite follow what she is saying．A observeB understandC explainD describe6 We can no longer tolerate his actions．A put up withB aeptC takeD receive7 Loud noises can be irritating．A hatefulB painfulC stimulatingD annoying8 In the background was that eternal humA longB never-endingC boringD extensive9 The Constitution’s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted whencircumstances changeA impreciseB apparentC clearD easy10Gambling is lawful in Nevada．A enjoyableB irresistibleC legalD profitable11These are the motives for doing itA reasonsB excusesC answersD replies12The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west A extends B stretchesC broadensD bends13 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics．A errorB puzzleC attractionD contradiction14 With immense relief I stopped running．A noB littleC scarceD enormous15 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC preserveD protect第2局部：阅读判断 (第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
职称英语等级综合类(B级)试题考试试题、答案及题解
职称英语等级综合类(B级)试题考试试题、答案及题解92部分：阅读判断16 B Ireland is me best place in the world t0 live in for 2005,…．爱尔兰是2005年世界上最适合居住的地方，……这是文章中的第一句话。
题干说的是：在长达2005年里，爱尔兰一直是世界上最适合于人类居住的地方。
因此，不对。
17 C 题干说的是：工作稳定是生活质量中最不重要的衡量标准。
文章第三段提到了工作稳定(job security)，但是没有说工作稳定是生活质量中最不重要的衡量标准。
18 A 题干说的是：在爱尔兰生活费用相当高。
这一信息可以从第四段中的词组“the high cost of living”(很高的生活费用)中找到。
19 C 题干说的是：在津巴布韦，家庭生活不稳定。
文章没有提到。
20 A 题干说的是：爱尔兰名居榜首是因为它把新时期的的成分和一些好的传统结合在一起。
这一信息可以从第七段中找到。
21 B 题干说的是：评价生活质量很容易。
第八段是这么说的：The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do．该杂志承认评价生活质量不是一件简单的事。
因此，不对。
22 B 题干说的是：美国在前十名。
事实是它排在第十三名。
有关此信息可以在最后一段找到。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23 C 本文的标题是：即使是聪明人也会失败。
第二和第三段都跟Edison直接相关。
第二段描述的是他的发明创造。
24 D 本段是。
Edison对失败的看法。
第一句话的意思是：生活中的许多失败是半途而废，这些人不知道其实他们放弃时离成功已经是近在咫尺了。
25 A 本段的第一句话是这么说的：没有人喜欢失败，但是聪明的发明家会从中吸取教训。
注意：一个段落的第一句话常常是主题句。
26 B 本段的第一句话是这么说的：两个世纪来，发明家表现出的一个共同品质是弃而不舍。
2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类(B级)
2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类(B级)2011年全国职称英语考试真题综合类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题-1分；共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.We need to extract the relevant flnancial data.A. storeB. obtainC. saveD. review2.His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended3.She always finds fault with everything. .A.simplifiesB. evaluatesC. criticizesD. Examines4.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work.to doA. doubtingB. thinkingC. sayingD. Knowing5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A. reducedB. movedC. reformedD. turned.6.Mr. Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past yearA. heldB. increased .C. expectedD. offered7.We have to act within the existing legal frameworkA. limitC. statusB. procedureD. system8.Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hoursA. spendC. standB. takeD. last9.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happenedA. giveB. attachC. understandD. lose10.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. generalB. traditionalC. strongD. magnificent .11.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A. admittedB. reportedC. hopedD. answered12.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A. choiceB. ideaC. decisionD. reason13.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on ourlivesA. effortB. problemC. concernD. influence14.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A. offeredB. includedC. acceptedD. investigated15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. continuousB. relativeC. generalD. sharp第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.TraveIAcross AfricaFor six hours we shot through the barren （荒芜的）landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending，Daniel and I just wanted to remember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished three notebooks and was into the fourth，a beautiful leather notebook l‘d bought in.a market in Mozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations.The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls，the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta inBotswana.And then the other things：dogs in the streets，whole families in Soweto living in one room，。
2011年职称英语理工类B级真题及答案
D. examines 13. We have to act within the existing legal framework. A. limit B. procedure C. status D. system 14. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives. A. effort B. problem C. concern D. influence 15. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses. A. relative B. continuous C. general D. sharp 第2 部分：阅读判断 （第16-22 题，每题1 分，共7 分） 下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果 该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没 有提及，请选择C。 Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming There’s no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it’s been in hundreds of years. Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warming — and trying to figure out what to do about it. Scientists recently used satellites to study the temperatures of lakes around the world, and they found that lakes are heating up.Between 1985 and 2009,satellites recordedthe nighttime temperatures of the surfaces of 167 lakes. During those 24 years, the lakes got warmer — by an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year. In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year. At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years. That difference may seem small — you might not even notice it in your bathtub. But in a lake, slightly warmer temperatures could mean more algae, and algae can make the lake poisonous to fish. The scientists who did the study work for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of TechnologyinPasadena.Theyreportthatlakesseem to bewarming faster in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere. In the United States, lakes in the southwestern part of the country warmed faster than did the Great Lakes in the north. The study shows that in some regions, lakes are warming faster than the air around them. This is important because scientists often use measurements of air temperature to study how the Earth is warming. By using lake temperatures as well, scientists can get a better picture of global warming. The scientists say data on lakes give scientists a new way to measure the impact of climate change around the world. That’s going to be useful, since no country is too big or too small to ignore climate change. Scientists aren’t the only ones concerned. Everyone who lives on Earth is going to be affected by therapidwarming of the planet.Many world leaders believe we might be able to do something about it, especially by reducing the amount of greenhouse gases we put into the air. That’s why the United Nations started the Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC. Every year the convention meets, and representatives from countries around the world gather to talk about climate change and discuss global solutions to the challenges of a warming world. 16.Scientist have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 17.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned kes seem to be warming faster in Asia. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned 19. A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish. A) Right B) Wrong C) Not mentioned
2011年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级
2011年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级第二十四篇Preventing Child Maltreatment(B级)Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many coun tries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely d epending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studie s reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5'10% of men report being Sexually abus ed as children, while25-50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to1 emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as2 psychological ab use).Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deat hs due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term c onsequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain de velopment. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune system s. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behaveioural, physi cal and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, malt reatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections. 4Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, i ncluding costs of hospitalizeation, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term h ealth costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk facto rs are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attem pting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for 5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelih ood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6练习：1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to t he following factors EXCEPT _____ according to the passage. 根据短文，________不是造成评估全球儿童虐待蔓延程度的原因。