初中英语简单句基本类型及句子成分

英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型
句子成分学记口诀：
主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。

宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。

简单句的六种基本句型
一、主系表结构（S + V + P ）：主语＋系动词＋表语＋（状语）
系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。

常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn,
【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。

1. 他感到有点累。

______________________________
2. 这听起来是个好主意。

______________________________
3. 我的电脑在书房里。

______________________________
4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

______________________________
5. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。

______________________________
二、主谓结构（S + V）：主语＋不及物动词＋（状语）
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。

【练习导航】根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

1. 他在听。

He _____ _____.
2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?
3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。

The rain _____ _____ two hours.
4. 事物总是变化的。

Things always _____.
5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。

His dream to China _____ _____ _____.
三、主谓宾结构（S + V + O）：主语＋及物动词＋宾语
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。

及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。

宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。

【练习导航】找出下列句子的宾语。

1. He handed in his homework this morning.
2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim.
3. He forgot which way to go.
4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?
5. I’ll do what I can.
四、主谓双宾：（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）
2. 及物动词+直接宾语（事物）+to / for+间接宾语（人）
【温馨提示】
1.与to搭配的动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。

如：
Can you lend us your car? =Can you lend your car to us?
He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.
2.与for搭配的动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。

如：My uncle bought me a watch.=My uncle bought a watch for me. Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。

1. She gave me her telephone number.
2. Bring me some water, please.
3. I’ll make you some fresh tea.
4. He sang us a folk song. _________________
5. She showed me her paintings. _________________
Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。

6. Tom gave me a nice pen. = Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.
= My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.
8. She cooked us a delicious meal.=She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.
9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. =Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.
10. She made me a cup of coffee.=She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.
五、主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + OC）：
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语怎么样的，担任补语常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

【温馨提示】
常见的不定式作补语的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow+ sb(not)to do sth.等。

注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。

1) The boss made him do the work all day.
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
【练习导航】
找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。

1. They call their daughter Mary.
2. Don’t leave me behind.
3. I wish you to be happy.
4. I saw her chatting with Nancy.
5. Good food keeps you healthy.
六、There be句型：There be +主语+(状语)
There be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。

主语一般位于there be 之后。

如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词选用需要遵循“就近原则”一般和最近的一个保持一致：。

如：
There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk.
=There are three books，a dictionary, and a pen on the desk.
桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。

【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( ) 1. There ______ ice on the road last week.
A. was
B. were
C. will be
D. are
( ) 2. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.
A. will have
B. is going to have
C. is have
D. is going to be
( ) 3. There will be enough food for everybody, _______?
A. won’t it
B. won’t there
C. isn’t it
D. aren’t there
( ) 4. There _______ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. are
Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。

5. 院子里有一个男孩正在和一只小狗玩。

_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.
6. 没有空气就没有声音._____ _____ _____ sound without air.
7. 没有时间再等你了。

_____ ______ no time _____ _____ _____ you.。