英语

-ane 烷 -ene 烯-yne 炔 -ol 醇-one,ket- 酮 -ose 糖-yl 基 ald-, -aldehyde,-al 醛cyclo-环 phen-,benz-苯hydro- 氢,水 nitro- 硝基thio-, sulf- 硫 cyan-青色,氰基-ase,zym- 酶 amyl- 戊基,淀粉acet- 乙酰 acyl- 酰基ester-酯 -ate…盐,酯-ide … 化物 amin-氨,氨基hydroxy(l)- 羟基 carboxyl-,carboxy-羧基•phen-,benz- 苯 benzene•fluor- 氟 fluorine•chlor- 氯 chlorine •brom- 溴 bromine•iod- 碘 iodine •carb- 碳 carbon •hydr- 氢 hydrogen•oxy- 氧 oxygen •nitr- 氮 nitrogen•sulf- 硫 sulfur•phosph-磷 phosphorus•natr-钠 natrium;sodium• kal-钾 kalium;potassium• calc-钙 calcium• magnes-镁 magnesium• silic-硅 silicon• bor- 硼 boron• arsen-砷 arsenic• mercur-汞 mercury • chrom-铬 chromium• arg-银 argentum• bar-钡 barium• sider,ferr- 铁 ferrum;iron• ferro-铁2+ ferri- 铁3+•furan 呋喃 tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃•thiophene 噻吩 pyrrole 吡咯•thiazole 噻唑 isothiazole 异噻唑•imidazole 咪唑 pyrazole 吡唑•oxazole 噁唑 isoxazole异噁唑•pyridine 吡啶 piperidine 哌啶• pyrimidine 嘧啶•pyrazine 吡嗪 piperazine 哌嗪• indole 吲哚 purine 嘌呤•quinoline 喹啉 isoquinoline 异喹啉•hemi-, semi- ½ mono-, haplo-,hen-, uni-1•di-, bi-,duo-,bis- 2 tri-, triplo-, ter- 3•tetra-, quarto-, quadri- 4•※ meth-甲 eth-乙 prop-丙but-丁• penta-戊,5 hexa-己,6hepta-庚,7• octa-辛,8 nona-壬,9 deca-癸,10 undeca,hendeca 11 dodeca 12• trideca 13 tetradeca14 pentadeca 15 octadeca 18nondeca 19 eicosa 20• heneicosa 21 docosa 22 tricosa 23• tetracosa 24 nonacosa 29 triaconta 30• tetraconta 40 pentaconta 50•nano- 纳,毫微, 10-9 ※ micro- 微, 10-6•※ milli- 毫, 10-3 ※centi- 厘, 10-2•※ deci- 分, 10-1 ※ deca- 十,101•※ kilo- 千, 103•※ -liter升※ meter 米※ gram 克• microliter micrometer microgram• milliliter millimeter milligram• deciliter decimeter decigram• nanoliter nanometer nanogram• centiliter centimeter centigram• decaliter decameter decagram kiloliterkilometer kilogram•calcium carbonate 碳酸钙•sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠•argentum nitricum 硝酸银 silver nitrate•monopotassium phosphate 磷酸二氢钾•arsenic trioxide 三氧化二砷•boric acid 硼酸 borate 硼酸盐•barium sulfate 硫酸钡•magnesium oxide 氧化镁•silicane 硅烷 silica 二氧化硅•potassium chromate 铬酸钾•mercury bichloride 氯化汞•potassium ferrocyanide 亚铁氰化钾ferric oxide 氧化铁•pharmaceutical adj 药的,药用的;制药的;药学的n 药品,药剂•pharmacy 药房, 药学, 药剂学, 调剂学•pharmacist 药剂师，调剂员，药商•pharmaceutical analysis 药物分析•pharmaceutics 药剂学，制药学•biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学，生物制药学•pharmacochemistry 药物化学•pharmacology 药理学•pharmacognosy 生药学•pharmacodynamics 药效学•pharmacokinetics 药物动力学pharmaco- 药；药学；药理pharmacopoeia 药典•ChP（the Chinese pharmacopoeia）中国药典•BP（the British pharmacopoeia）英国药典•abdomin-,abdomino-腹•abdominalgia腹痛（abdomin- + algia痛）•abdominoscopy腹腔镜检查法（ -scopy检查法）•※ acet-,aceto-乙酰，醋•acetic 醋酸的 acetate 乙酸盐,醋酸盐•acetaminophen or paracetamol•※ acetyl-乙酰基•acetylcholine乙酰胆碱（chol-胆汁 + -ine 生物碱）•acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶 AchE is an enzyme that catalyzes thehydrolysis of acetylcholine to cholineand acetate. In the CNS, this enzymeplays a role in the function ofperipheral neuromuscular junctions.•※ adeno-,aden-腺，腺体• adenitis腺炎，淋巴腺炎（aden- + -itis 炎）• adenocyte腺细胞（adeno- + -cyte细胞）adenovirus※ adipo-,adip-脂肪 fat•adipectomy脂肪组织切除术（adip- + -ectomy切除术）•adiponecrosis脂肪坏死（adipo- +necrosis坏死）※ lipo-,lip-脂肪，脂质；肥胖•lipemia脂血症（lip- + -emia血症）•lipoma脂肪瘤（lipo- + -oma瘤）•lipotrophy脂肪增多（lipo- + -trophy营养）※ adreno-, adren- ,adrenal-肾上腺•adrenocorticotropin促肾上腺皮质激素（adreno- + cortico-皮质 + -tropin促…激素）•adrenaline 肾上腺素Smiling can help reduce the level ofstress-enhancing hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine , increase thelevel of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphin and reduce overall blood pressure.ald-,-aldehyde 醛•benzaldehyde 苯甲醛（benz-苯 + -aldehyde）•aldosterone 醛固酮Aldosterone is a hormone secreted bythe adrenal cortex that regulateselectrolyte and water balance byincreasing the renal retention ofsodium and the excretion of potassium.※ form-,formo- 甲酸，甲酰•formaldehyde甲醛（form- + -aldehyde甲醛）※ -form,-iform …形的，…状的•fungiform真菌状的（fungi真菌+ -form）※ -algia 痛（症）•neuralgia神经痛（neur-神经 + -algia）※ -dynia 痛 neurodyniaadenodynia, adenalgia myodynia, myalgiacardiodynia, cardialgia hepatodynia, hepatalgiaalkali-,alkal-,alkalo-碱•alkalometry生物碱测量法（alkalo- + -metry测量法）※ ameba-,amebo-阿米巴，变形虫•amebocyte阿米巴样细胞（amebo- + -cyte 细胞）※ -amide 酰胺•acetamide乙酰胺（acet-乙酰 + -amide）※ -amine 胺 ammonium铵•methylamine甲胺•ammonium acetate 醋酸铵,乙酸铵※ amino- 氨基○ amino acid 氨基酸aminolysis氨解（作用）（amino- + -lysis水解）※ andro-,andr-雄，雄性•androgen雄激素（andro- + -gen致…物）estrogen 雌激素※ angei-,angi-,angio-管，血管 blood vessel•angiocardiopathy心血管病（cardio-心 + -pathy病）•angioma血管瘤•angiodynia, angialgia※ vaso-,vasi-管，血管•vasoconstriction血管收缩•vasodilation血管舒张•vasospasm血管痉挛vasoneuropathy血管神经病anti-,ant-对抗，反，抑制•antibody 抗体 antigen 抗原•anticarcinogen 抗癌药•anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的(药)•anticholinesterase 抗胆碱酯酶,胆碱酯酶抑制剂•antibacterial 抗菌的(药) antiviral antifungal•antihypercholesterolemic 抗高胆甾醇血的(药)•antiinflammatory 抗炎剂,抗炎药•antihistamine 抗组胺剂,抗组胺,抗组织胺药•antimalarial 抗疟的(药)•antisympathetic 抗交感神经的,抗交感神经药•antioxidase 抗氧化酶※ appendico-,appendic-阑尾•appendicitis 阑尾炎（appendico- + itis 炎）•appendectomy※ arterio-动脉 artery arterial 动脉的•arteriodilating 动脉扩张的•arteriostenosis 动脉狭窄•arteriology 动脉学•arteralgia arteritis arteriectomy ※ athero,ather-粥样沉积，动脉粥样化•atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化（ -sclerosis硬化）•atherogenesis 动脉粥样化形成,动脉粥样硬化生成※ arthro-,arthr-关节 joints•arthropyosis关节化脓（arthro- + pyo-脓+ -osis状态）※ articul-关节 articular 关节的（-ar …的）※ -ase 酶 enzyme•amylase 淀粉酶（amyl-淀粉）•maltase 麦芽糖酶•oxidase 氧化酶 monoamineoxidase,MAO•reductase 还原酶 oxidoreductase •esterase 酯酶•phosphodiesterase,PDE 磷酸二酯酶•anticholinesteraseacetylcholinesterase,AChE•hydroxylase 羟化酶 dopamine β- hydroxylase•carboxylase 羧化酶 decarboxylase 脱羧酶•methyltransferase,MT 甲基转移酶 N-MT •Histamine(组胺) N-methyltransferase,HMT•Catechol(儿茶酚) -O-methyltransferase,COMT•Phenylethylamine -N-methyltransferase ※ -ase 酶 enzyme•amylase 淀粉酶（amyl-淀粉）•maltase 麦芽糖酶•oxidase 氧化酶 monoamineoxidase,MAO•reductase 还原酶 oxidoreductase •esterase 酯酶•phosphodiesterase,PDE 磷酸二酯酶•anticholinesteraseacetylcholinesterase,AChE•hydroxylase 羟化酶 dopamine β- hydroxylase•carboxylase 羧化酶 decarboxylase 脱羧酶•methyltransferase,MT 甲基转移酶 N-MT •Histamine(组胺) N-methyltransferase,HMT•Catechol(儿茶酚) -O-methyltransferase,COMT•Phenylethylamine -N-methyltransferase ※ -ataxia失调 ataxia共济失调•psychataxia精神失调（psycho-精神 + -ataxia）※ atropho-萎缩•atrophodermatosis皮肤萎缩病（atropho- + dermato-皮肤 + -osis状态）•atrophedema萎缩性水肿※ -atrophia,- atrophy萎缩•splenatrophia脾萎缩（splen-脾 +atrophia）•gastratrophia胃萎缩※ bio-,bi-生命，生物，生物学•cytobiology细胞生物学（cyto-细胞 + bio-生物+ -logy学）•biotransformation biosynthesis※ botan-植物•botanist植物学家（botan- + -ist专家）•botany植物学※ brady-徐缓，迟钝•bradycardia心动徐缓，心搏徐缓（brady- + cardia心）•bradyrhythmia心搏徐缓 bradyuria排尿徐缓•bradyesthesia感觉迟钝 esthesia感觉;感知※ tachy-快，过速，急•tachycardia心搏过速，心动过速•tachypnea 呼吸急促（tachy- + -pnea 呼吸）•tachyrhythmia心动过速※ bromo-,brom-溴 bromine; bromum•bromoform溴仿（bromo- + form仿）•bromobenzene 溴苯•bromide 溴化物 Neostigmine bromide 溴新斯的明•hydrobromide 氢溴化物•Galanthamine hydrobromide 氢溴酸加兰他敏※ chloro-,chlor-氯 chlorine; chlorum•chlorethylene 氯乙烯•chloroform 氯仿 trichlormethane•chloride 氯化物•hydrochloride 氢氯化物 propranolol hydrochloride※ iodo-碘；碘代 iodine; iodum•iodoform 碘仿，三碘甲烷•iodide 碘化物 hydroiodide 氢碘化物※ broncho-,bronch-,bronchio-支气管•bronchiospasm支气管痉挛（bronchio- + -spasm痉挛）•bronchodilation bronchoconstriction bronchitis※ calori- 热•calorimetry 测热法（calori- + -metry测量法）※ cancero-,cancro-,cancri-癌 cancer•cancrocirrhosis 癌性硬化（cirrho-硬变+ -osis状态）※ carcino-,carcin-癌•carcinectomy癌切除术（carcin- + -ectomy 切除术）•carcinoma 癌 lung, skin, renal, prostate, thyroid ~.•laryngocarcinoma 喉癌rhinocarcinoma 鼻癌•adenocarcinomahepatocarcinoma※ capillari-,capillaro-,capillo-毛细管；毛细血管capillarimeter毛细管计（ - meter计量仪）※ -cele 肿物，疝，膨出；腔•arthrocele关节肿大（arthro- 关节+ -cele）•enterocele 肠疝 gastrocele 胃膨出※ carbo,carba-,carb-碳 carbon•carbohydrate 碳水化合物，糖类•carbohydraturia 糖尿•carbon dioxide※ cellulo-细胞；纤维（素）cell •cellulase纤维素酶（cellulo- + -ase酶）•cellular 细胞的※ -cardia,-cardium心•pericardium心包（peri-周围 + -cardium ）•pericellular细胞外周的※ cardio-,cardi-,cardia-心；贲门•cardiogram心动图（cardio- + gram图）•cardiovascular心血管的 cardiovasology 心血管学•cardioarterial心动脉的cardionecrosis心坏死•cardiohepatic心肝的 cardiosclerosis 心硬化•cardiology心脏病学 cardiopathy心脏病•cardiomegaly=cardiomegalia心肥大•cardioneural心神经的•cardiodilator贲门扩张器•cardionephric心肾的 cardiorenal※ cerebro-,cerebri-,cerebr-脑,大脑cerebral大脑的,脑的•cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的cerebromedullary※ encephalo-脑•encephalocele 脑突出•encephalomyelitis 脑脊髓炎•encephalomyeloneuropathy 脑脊髓神经病•electroencephalogram,EEG※ cephalo-, cephal-头•cephaloedema头水肿•cephalosporin头孢菌素○ cerebralgia; encephalalgia; cephalalgia 头痛○ cerebritis; encephalitis; cephalitis 脑炎,大脑炎○ cerebroma; encephaloma 脑瘤○ cerebromalacia; encephalomalacia 脑软化○ cerebrosclerosis; encephalosclerosis 脑硬化※ penicilli-,penicill-青霉（素）penicillin•penicillin-fast 抗青霉素的，耐青霉素的•penicillamine青霉胺•penicillase,penicillinase青霉素酶•penicilliosis青霉病•β- lactam antibiotics have unique four-membered lactam ring•penicillins 青霉素类•cephalosporins 头孢菌素类•atypical β- lactams•7-ACA 7-amino-cephalosporinic acid•6-APA 6-amino-penicillanic acid•PBPS penicillin-binding proteins※ cervico-,cervic-颈；子宫•cervicotomy 子宫颈切开术（cervico- + -tomy切开术）•cervical carcinoma 宫颈癌※ chole-,cholo-,chol-胆汁；胆•cholochrome 胆色素（-chrome色素）•hypercholesterolemia 高胆固醇血症•antihypercholesterolemic•cholinocepter 胆碱受体•cholinomimetic 拟胆碱能药,拟胆碱药,拟胆碱作用的•cholinergic 胆碱能的,胆碱能药※ chromato-,chromat-,chromo-色；色素•chromatosome 染色体（chromato- + -some 体）•chromatin 染色质•chromatography 色谱法 GC HPLC TLC •chromatogram 色谱图•cytochrome P450※ chrono-,chron-时，时间•chronicity 慢性（chron- + icity性质，状态）※ circum-,circu-环绕，环，周围 peri-•circumrenal 肾周围的（circum- + -renal 肾的）•perirenal pericardiumpericellular※ cirrho-硬变 cirrhosis 硬化, 肝硬化※ -cide 切,杀,杀…剂 -cidal germicidal杀菌的amoebacide 杀阿米巴剂,杀变形虫剂germicide bacteriocide fungicide virucide※ -cise切，杀 excise切除（ex- 向外+ -cise）※ cis- 顺，顺式•cistron顺反子（cis- + trans- 反+ -on …子）•cis-isomer顺式异构体（cis- + -isomer异构体）※ cocco-,cocc- 球菌，球pneumococcide 杀肺炎球菌药※ -coccal 球菌的•staphylococcal葡萄球菌的（staphyl-葡萄状 + -coccal）※ -coccus 球菌 (pl) cocci •micrococcus 微球菌（micro- 微+ -coccus）•pneumococcus 肺炎球菌 staphylococcus ※ -colic结肠的•gastrocolic胃结肠的（gastro-胃 + -colic）※ -colon结肠•megacolon巨结肠（mega- 巨大+ -colon）※ gelato-,gelo-胶，凝胶•gelatification胶凝（作用），胶体形成•gelate形成凝胶※ colpo-,colp-阴道•colpospasm 阴道痉挛 colpostenosis 阴道狭窄※ vagino-,vagin-阴道 vagina•vaginomycosis 阴道霉菌病（-mycosis霉菌病）•vaginoscope,colposcope•vaginoscopy,colposcopy•vaginitis, colpitis※ contra-反，反向，抗，逆，相对•contraindication禁忌症（contra- + -indication适应症）•contrastimulant 抗兴奋的，抗兴奋药•contraceptive避孕剂,避孕的•contrasexual异性的※ counter-反，抗，反向，逆，对应，匹配，复•counteraction对抗作用（counter- + action作用）※ colori-,color-色•colorimeter比色计（colori- + -meter计）colorimetry 比色法※ coronaro-,coronar-冠状，冠状动脉coronary artery•coronarospasm 冠状动脉痉挛•coronaritis※ cortico-,cortic-皮质 cortex•corticotrophin（cortico- + -trophin促…激素）促皮质素,促肾上腺皮质激素,促肾上腺皮质素[促皮质激素]•glucocorticoid;glucocorticosteroid糖皮质激素,糖皮质类固醇•mineralocorticoid盐皮质激素 ,盐皮质类固醇•adrenocortical hormone;corticoid肾上腺皮质激素※ -crine分泌 excretion•endocrine内分泌（endo- 内 + -crine）•exocrine外分泌•endocrinology内分泌学※ cryo-,cry-冷,冰冻,低温•cryalgesia冷痛觉（cry- + -algesia痛觉）•cryoscopy 冰点测定法,冰点(降低)测定法•cryosurgery冷冻外科手术※ cuti-,cut-皮肤•cutaneous表皮的,皮(肤)的•subcutaneous皮下的※ -derm皮肤，皮•endoderm内胚层（endo内 + - derm）•exoderm外皮,外胚层 mesoderm中胚层※ derma-,dermo-,dermato-derm-皮肤，皮 skindermatitis cutitis※ -dermia皮肤病•sclerodermia硬皮病（sclero-硬 + -dermia）※ cyano-,cyan-青，蓝，绀；氰（基）•cyanopathy发绀病 cyanosis※ -cyte,cyto-,cyt-,kyto-细胞 cells•erythrocyte红细胞（erythro- 红）•leucocyte白细胞（leuco- 白）•thrombocyte血小板,凝血细胞•lymphocyte淋巴细胞（lympho- 淋巴）cytotoxin细胞毒素（-toxin毒素）•cytoplasm细胞质，细胞浆（-plasm原生质）※ celli-,cellulo- 细胞•cellular细胞的 pericellular •cellifugal离细胞的•cellipetal向细胞的•cellulotoxic细胞毒的，毒害细胞的※ denti-,dento-,dentia-牙 tooth •dentosurgical 牙外科的•dentofacial 牙面的※ odonto-,odont-牙•odontolith 牙垢,牙积石•odontology, dentology odontopathy•odontalgia,dentalgiaodontoneuralgia※ dehydro-脱氢，去氢dehydroandrosterone脱氢雄甾酮（androsterone雄甾酮）※ deoxy-脱氧，去氧•deoxyriboside脱氧核糖核苷•deoxyribotide脱氧核糖核苷酸,脱氧核苷酸•DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸※ densi-,denso-密度•densimeter密度计（densi- + -meter计）•Density HDL LDL VLDL※ dextro-右；右旋•dextroisomer右旋异构体dextroglucose=dextrose※ levo-左，向左，在左边；左旋•levocardia左位心•levoisomer左旋异构体 levodopa※ dieto-饮食 diet•dietotherapy饮食疗法（dieto- + therapy 疗法）※ digito-,digital-洋地黄•digitalization洋地黄化※ diplo-又，重，复，二倍，成双的•diplococcemia双球菌血症（diplo- + cocco-球菌 + -emia血症）•diplophase二倍期（diplo- + phase期）※ dys-不良，困难，推失调，异常，障碍•dyspepsia消化不良（dys- ＋ - pepsia消化）•dyspnea呼吸困难（dys- + -pnea呼吸）•dystrophy营养障碍，营养不良（dys- + -trophy营养）•dysfunction 机能不良, 机能障碍※ -ectomize切除•nephrectomize肾切除（nephro-肾+ -ectomize切除）※ -ectomy切除术•enter,arthr,appendic,aden,carcin,hepat, nephrectomy※ -ectopia异位•metrectopia子宫异位（metr-子宫 + -ectopia）•angiectopia※ -edema水肿，肿胀•encephaledema脑水肿（encephal-脑）•nephredema肾盂积水•pneumonedema 肺水肿•angioedema angioneuroedemaarthredema※ elasto-弹性（的）•elastopathy弹性组织病（elasto- + -pathy 病）※ electro-电•electrocardiogram心电图 ECG •electroencephalogram脑电图 EEG※ -emia,-aemia血，血症•anemia 贫血（an-缺，无+ -emia）•hypercholesterolemia•hypoproteinemia•hyperlipemia An excess of lipids in the blood•antihypercholesterolemic※ hemo-,haemo-,hem-,hema-,haema-,hemato-,hemata-,haemato-血液 blood•haematomyelia脊髓出血（myelo-脊髓 + -ia 状态）•hemorrhage出血（hemo- + -rrhage出血,流血）•hematodialysis 血液透析•hemoglobin血红蛋白 hemacyte•hematonosis;hematopathy;hemopathy血液病※ endo-,end-内，在内，向内，内部•endocarditis心内膜炎•endoscopy内窥镜检查 endoscope内窥镜•endovenous静脉内的 endarterial•endogastric胃内的 endonuclear•endocellular胞内的•endovasculitis血管内膜炎•endothelium内皮 endothelial内皮的•endothelium-derived relaxing factor血管内皮舒张因子•endotoxin内毒素•endocrinology※ ento-,ent-内，在…内部•entocyte细胞内含物（ento- + -cyte细胞）•entoblast内胚层（ento- + -blast胚）※ enter-,entero-肠 gutbowels;intestines•enterogastritis 肠胃炎 enterohepatic cycle 肠肝循环※ intestin-肠 intestinegastrointestinal tract 胃肠道Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver; biliary tract; pancreas).※ enzymo-酶 enzyme coenzyme辅酶•enzymolysis 酶解作用（enzymo- + -lysis 溶解）•enzymatic hydrolysis※ zymo-,zym-酶，酵素；enzyme;ferment•zymohydrolysis酶分解（zymo- +hydrolysis水解）•zymogen酶原 proenzyme※ epidemio-流行（病）epidemic 流行病;流行性的•epidemiology 流行病学※ epi-, ep-上, 在上; 在外 epicardium 心外膜※ epidermo-表皮 epidermomycosis 表皮霉菌病※ epinephro-,epinephr-肾上腺 adrenal•epinephroma肾上腺样瘤（epinephr- + -oma 瘤）•epinephrine肾上腺素 adrenaline,AD• The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla. Itstimulates both the alpha- and beta-adrenergic systems, causes systemicvasoconstriction and gastrointestinalrelaxation, stimulates the heart anddilates bronchi and cerebral vessels.It is used in asthma and cardiacfailure and to delay absorption oflocal anesthetics.•norepinephrine, NE 去甲肾上腺素•noradrenaline, NA※ erythro-,erythr-红 erythrocyte •erythromycin红霉素（-mycin霉素）•erythropenia红细胞减少 erythrocytosis 红细胞增多症•erythrocytometer红细胞计数器erythrocytometry•erythrolysin红细胞溶解素,溶血素erythrolysis※ estro-,estra-雌•estrogen 雌激素（-gen致…的物）androgen•Natural estrogens include estradiol, estrone, estriol.※ (o)esophago-,esophag-食管 (o)esophagusesophagogastrostomy食管胃吻合术（-ostomy吻合术）esophagoenterostomy 食管肠吻合术•esophageal食道的; 食管的 esophageal cancer•esophag(o) +itis,algia,dynia,ectomy,scope,scopy,• cele, spasm,malacia ,stenosis, tome, tomy※ etio-病因 cause of disease•etiogenic成因的,原因的•etiology病因学,病原学 etiological•etiological treatment 病因治疗symptomatic treatment 对症治疗※ eu-好, 佳, 优, 正常, 真•euthanasia安乐死（eu-佳，优 + -thanasia 死）• 1.cyanide 氰化物 2. hypnotics安眠药,催眠药• 3. coagulant 凝血药•eucaryote真核生物 eukaryote•euchromatin常染色质 euchromosome常染色体•euglycemia 血糖正常 dysglycemia血糖代谢障碍•eupnea 呼吸正常 dyspnea呼吸困难•eupepsia消化良好 dyspepsia消化不良※ excito- 刺激，激动，兴奋 excitement•excitoreflex 兴奋反射（reflex反射）※ -fast 耐…的，抗…的•uviofast 抗紫外线的（uvio-紫外线 + -fast）•acid fast 抗酸的 alkalifast 耐碱的•penicillin-fast heat-fast※ febri-,febr-热，发热 fever•febrifuge解热药,退热药,退烧药 ( -fuge 驱走,驱除剂 )•febricide 退热的,解热的,退热药•antifebrile 退热(的)药•paracetamol ibuprofen aspirin※ -fugal 离开的,远离的,驱逐的•febrifugal退热的,解热的（febri-热 + -fugal）•centrifuge离心,离心机,离心器centrifugal※ fibrino-纤维蛋白,纤维素 fibrin, cellulose•fibrinogenopenia纤维蛋白原减少 (-gen原+ -penia减少)※ fibro-,fibr-纤维, 纤维组织•fibrocyte 纤维细胞fibroangioma 纤维血管瘤•fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤 fibrosis 纤维变性,纤维化•fibrosclerosis 纤维硬化※ feti-,feto-,foeti-胎，胎儿 foetus•feticide 杀胎，堕胎（feti- + -cide杀）※ flocculo-絮状•flocculoreaction絮状反应（reaction反应）•flocculate絮凝 deflocculate反絮凝flocculating絮凝化•flocculant; flocculating agent 絮凝剂•deflocculant; deflocculating agent 反絮凝剂※ fungi-,fungo-真菌，霉菌•fungistasis 抑制真菌（fungi- + -stasis 停滞）•fungicide杀真菌剂,杀霉菌剂※ galacto-,galact-,gala-乳（汁）•galactagogue 催乳的;催乳剂（-agogue催,利,促进剂）※ lacti-,lacto-,lact-乳，乳汁•lactagogue催乳的,催乳药•lactose乳糖 sodium lactate lactic acid•prolactin, PRL催乳素•prolactin-releasing hormone, PRH※ ganglio-,gangli-神经节 ganglion•otoganglion 耳神经节•gangliolytic 神经节性(传导)阻滞的•ganglioma gangliocytegangliectomy※ gaster-, gastro-,gastr-,gaster胃•gastroesophagostomy 胃食管吻合术•gastratrophia胃萎缩 gastrocardiac 胃心的•gastroenteritis gastrectomy gastroscope※ stomacho-胃•stomachoscopy胃检查•gastralgia;gastrodynia;•stomachache;stomachalgia;stomachodynia※ germi-,ger-,germino-芽，胚芽，细菌•germicide杀菌剂 bactericide※ ger-,gerat-,gerato-,geronto-,gero-geront-老年•geratology老年医学，老年病学，老人学※ -genic 致…性的,产生…的；由…引起的, …原的※ -genesis 起源,发生•pathogenic致病的 pathogenesis发病, 致病,发病机制•carcinogenic致癌的 carcinogenesis 致癌作用,癌发生•teratogenic致畸的 teratogenesis畸形发生,致畸作用•mutagenic突变的,致诱变的 mutagenesis诱变,突变发生•atherogenic致动脉粥样化的atherogenesis※ -genous 致…的，生成…的，…产生的•homogenous同源的,纯系的,同质的（homo-同）•heterogenous异基因的,异源的,异种的,异型的•endogenous 内生的,内源的•exogenous 外生的,外源的※ glauco-青，青色 glaucoma 青光眼※ glosso-,gloss-舌 tongue glossitis舌炎※ globulo-,globuli-球，小球，血球•globulin球蛋白（globul- + -in蛋白）•immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白 Ig※ glomerulo-,glomerul-小球，肾小球glomerulus•glomerulonephritis肾小球性肾炎Glomerular disease characterized by aninflammatory reaction, with leukocyteinfiltration and cellular proliferation of the glomeruli, or that appears to be the result of immune glomerular injury.Clinical manifestation: proteinuria,hematuria, oliguria, cylinderuria,edema, hypertension and so on . ※ glyco-,glyc-糖 glycogen糖原（-gen 原）※ gluco-甘；糖；葡萄糖 glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素※ saccharo-,sacchar-糖 saccharide saccharuria糖尿※ -gogue利…剂，促…剂•chologogue利胆剂 ursodeoxycholic acid•lactagogue 催乳剂 galactagogue•hormonagogue 催激素的；催激素剂※ gonado-,gonad-生殖腺，性腺•gonadotrop(h)in 促性腺激素（-trop(h)in 促…激素）•gonadoinhibitory 性腺抑制的•gonadectomize, gonadectomy gonadopathy,※ -graft 移植物，移植片•homograft 同种移植物•heterograft 异种移植物※ gyne-,gynaeco-,gyneco-,gyno-女，妇女，女性•gynecotokology 妇产科学（tok(c)o-分娩 + -logy学）•gynecology tokology,tocology※ granulo- 颗粒 granulocyte 粒细胞，粒性白细胞※ hexa-,hex-六 hexavalent 六价的•hexahydroxycyclohexane 六羟基环己烷 = inositol 肌醇※ halo- 卤(素), 盐•halogen 卤素（halo- + -gen产生…物质）•Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine•halide;halogenide 卤化物•Fluorides Chlorides Bromides Iodides※ hepato-,hepat-肝•hepatofugal 离肝的 hepatopetal 向肝的•hepatocarcinogenesis 肝癌形成•hepat(o)- + atrophy, itis, algia,dynia, ectomy, cirrhosis,• cele, cyte, lith, logy, malacia, megaly,• oma, pathy, rrhagia, scopy, tomy※ heredo-遗传 heredity; inheritance•heredoimmunity遗传免疫，先天免疫•heredopathia 遗传病（heredo- + -pathia 病）•heredopathy※ hetero-,heter-异，不同，杂•heteropolysaccharidase杂多糖酶（saccharide糖,糖类）•heterocycle 杂环 heterocyclic 杂环的•heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物※ homo-,hom-同，同一，类似•homotype 同型 heterotype 异型（-type型)•homogenous 同源的,纯系的,同质的•heterogenous 异基因的,异源的,异种的,异型的•homograft heterograft•homosexual heterosexual※ histo-,hist-组织 tissuehistamine 组胺 A active amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation脱羧 of histidine组氨酸. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter神经递质.antihistamine抗组织胺,抗组织胺药histocytoma※ hydro-,hydr-水；氢，氢化•hydrocolloid 水胶体 hydrogel水凝胶•hydrolyze 水解 hydrolysis 水解（作用•hydrolase 水解酶 hydrolyte 水解质•hydrophile 亲水胶体,亲水物•hydrophile-lipophile balance value亲水亲油平衡值•hydrophilic colloid 亲水胶体•hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 羟丙基甲基纤维素※ hormono-,hormo-激素，内分泌 hormone•hormonagogue催激素的；催激素剂•hormonology 内分泌学 endocrinology※ hygieo-,hygio-卫生 hygiene卫生学•hygieology, hygiology卫生学,保健学※ hyper-过多，超过，上，过度，高，重；过※ hypo-,hyp-低，下，减少，减退，不足，过少；次•hypercalcemia高钙血症 hypocalcemia 低钙血症•hypernatremia高钠血症 hyponatremia 低钠血症•hyperpnea 呼吸过度 hypopnea 呼吸不足•hyper, hypo- + kaliemia; kalemia, cholesterolemia,•lipoproteinemia, hemoglobinemia,• lipemia, glycemia, tension.※ iatro-医师,医学 iatrogenesis 医源病发生※ -iatrics 医学;医术,疗法•psychiatrics 精神病学（psycho-精神 + -iatrics）•kinesiatrics 运动疗法•hydriatrics 水疗法※ -iatry医学;医术,疗法•neuriatry 神经病治疗法（neur-神经 + -iatry）※ -osis病,病态•acidosis 酸中毒hypnosis催眠•sclerosis 硬化,硬化症thrombosis血栓形成•vasoneurosis 血管神经病 nephrosis 肾病•carcinosis 多发性癌,癌病,癌※ hypno-睡眠,催眠 sleep•hypnotherapy 催眠疗法•hypnosis催眠,催眠术•hypnotic安眠药,催眠性的(药)※ somni-,somno-,somn-睡眠•somnifacient催眠的;催眠药（-facient 致…性的(物)）•insomnia 失眠(症)※ increto-内分泌 endocrine;internal secretion•incretology 内分泌学•endocrinology; hormonology•incretory内分泌物,内分泌的※ insul-,insulo-岛，胰岛•insulin 胰岛素（insul- + -in素）•insulinotherapy 胰岛素疗法•insuloma 胰岛瘤※ iono-离子 ion ionic离子的•ionometer离子计（iono- + -meter计）•anion 阴离子 anionic 阴离子的•cation 阳离子 cationic 阳离子的•cation exchange resins 阳离子交换树脂类•anion exchange resins 阴离子交换树脂类※ keto- 酮，酮基 ketone group ketose 酮糖 ketobody ketobody 酮体※ kalio-,kali-,kal钾 kalium;potassium•kaliemia,kalemia 高钾血症,钾血症,血钾过多•hyperkalemia; hyperpotassemia高钾血症•kaliopenia血钾过少,低钾血症※ kera-,kerato-角膜,角质 cornea •keratitis角膜炎 corneitis※ kin-,kino-,kine-,kinesio-运动,活动•kinase 激酶•phosphokinase 磷酸激酶 protein kinase•kinesiatrics 运动疗法•pharmacokinetic 药动学※ moto-,mot-动,运动•motoceptor 运动感受器（moto- + -ceptor 感受器）※ laryngo-, laryng-喉 larynx •laryngorhinology 鼻喉科学（rhino-鼻）※ pharyngo-,pharyngo-咽 pharynx •pharyngorhinitis 咽鼻炎 pharyngopathy ※ -lemma膜•basilemma 基底膜（basi-基）neurolemma 神经膜※ mening-,meningo- 脑膜,脊膜•meningoencephalitis 脑膜脑炎meningitis※ lent-,lenti-,lento- 透镜;晶状体lentitis 晶状体炎※ leuko-,leuk-,leuco-白;白细胞•leukemia/leucemia白血病•leukopenia 白细胞减少（-penia减少）•leukocytopenia白血球减少※ lacrimo-,lacri-,lacry-泪 tear lacrimase 泪酶※ lieno-,lien-脾 spleno-,splen-脾spleen•lienorenal 脾肾的 lienectomy, splenectomysplenocyte 脾细胞 lienopathy, splenopathy※ luci-,luco-光线,光 light•lucifugal 避光的,离光的•lucipetal 趋光的,向光的lucotherapy※ lepro-麻风 leprosis麻风leprology 麻风病学※ litho-,lith-石,结石•lithotripsy 碎石术( -tripsy压碎术) lithagogue※ -lith石,结石nephrolith 肾结石 cholelith odontolith※ -lithiasis 结石病•urolithiasis尿石病 otolithiasis耳石病 nephrolithiasis※ lympho-,lymph-淋巴•lymphoma 淋巴瘤lymphocytoma 淋巴细胞瘤•lymphosarcoma 淋巴肉瘤•lymphangiosarcoma 淋巴管肉瘤•lymphangiofibroma 淋巴管纤维瘤•lymphomyxoma 淋巴粘液瘤•lymphepithelioma 淋巴上皮瘤epithelium上皮•lymphagogue利淋巴药,催淋巴剂•lymphorrhea 淋巴溢•lymphedema: Edema due to obstruction of lymphoduct (lymph vessels) or disorders of the lymph nodes.※ lumbo-腰 waistlumbago腰痛（-ago病,痛）lumbodynialumbo-abdominal 腰腹的 lumbodorsal 腰背的※ -lysin 溶素 hemolysin溶血素※ lyso-,lys- 溶解,溶化•lysosome 溶酶体（-some体）•erythrolysin 红细胞溶解素※ -lyze 溶解,溶化 hemolyze发生溶血※ -lysis 溶解,分解,水解 hemolysis溶血•erythrolysis 红细胞溶解 litholysis histolysis※ -lytic 溶解的,分解的;阻滞的•glucolytic 糖酵解的（gluco-糖 + -lytic）•sympatholytic交感神经阻滞的(药)•（sympatho-交感神经+ -lytic阻滞的）•symptomolytic 消除症状的•neurolytic 破坏神经的•adrenolytic 抗肾上腺素的, 抑制肾上腺素的•thrombolytic 血栓溶解的,溶血栓药•mucolytic 粘液溶解的(药)※ mal-恶,不良,有错的;非,不•malformation 畸形（formation结构,形成）•malnutrition营养不良（nutrition营养）•malfunction功能失常,机能不良,机能障碍dysfunction•maldigestion消化不良 dyspepsia※ -malacia 软化•myomalacia 肌软化（myo-肌）•osteo-, encephalo-, hepato-, arterio-, broncho-, adeno-※ malaco-软,软化•malacosarcosis 肌肉软化（sarcosis肌肉）※ malario-,malaria-疟疾 malaria•malariotherapy 疟热疗法 malarial treatment•malariacidal 杀疟原虫的※ macro-,macr-巨,大•macrophage 巨噬细胞•macrolide大环内酯•○ macrolide antibiotics大环内酯抗生素•macromolecular 大分子的 macromolecule 高分子•○ macromolecular solution高分子溶液•macroanalysis 常量分析microanalysis 微量分析※ mega-大,巨;兆,百万• megacolon 巨结肠 megalgia 剧痛※ megalo-,megal-大,巨megalocaryocyte 巨核细胞※ -megaly,-megaliasplenomegaly;splenomeglia 脾大megacardia;megalocardia;cardiomegaly;cardio megalia※ mast-,masto-乳腺,乳房;乳突※ mammo-乳房,乳腺•mammotomy;mastotomy 乳房切开术•mammectomy;mastectomy 乳房切除术•mammitis;mastitis 乳腺炎,乳房炎※ medullo-髓,骨髓,脊髓•medullectomy 髓质切除术•medulla 髓,髓质•adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质.•adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质※ myelo-,myel-髓,脊髓,骨髓•myelencephalitis 脑脊髓炎•osteomyelitis 骨髓炎 myeloma •myelosclerosis myelopathymyelocyte※ meio-,mio-减少,较少,缩小,较小•meiosis;miosis 减数分裂 miosis 瞳孔缩小※ meno-,men-月经 menstruation•menopause更年期; 绝经 menalgia 痛经•menstrual月经的 menstrual cycle 月经周期※ -mer(聚)体,物•polymer聚合体 isomer monomer dimer※ -meter计,仪,表,量器;米 thermometer 温度计※ -metry测定(法),测量法,测量学UV spectrophotometry 紫外分光光度法UV spectrophotometer 紫外分光光度计fluorimeter 荧光计fluorimetry 荧光分析※ micro-,micr-微,小,细•microbiology 微生物学•microlith 小结石 microscope 显微镜※ milli-毫,千分之一※ deci-分,十分之一※ nano-纳,毫微※ centi-厘※ deca -十※ -litermicroliter微升 micrometer 微米microgram微克milliliter毫升 millimeter毫米milligramdeciliter分升 decimeter分米decigramnanoliter纳升 nanometer纳米nanogramcentiliter 厘升 centimeter 厘米 centigramdecaliter 十升 decameter 十米 decagramkiloliter kilometer kilogram※ -mimetic 拟…作用的(物)parasympathomimetic 拟副交感神经的(药)（para-副 + sympatho-交感神经) • sympathomimetics 拟交感神经药 • adrenomimetic 拟肾上腺素的(药) • cholinomimetic 拟胆碱能的(药) • vagomimetic 拟迷走神经的 ※ mito-线,丝,线状mitoschisis 有丝分裂（mito- + -schisis 裂,分裂）• mitosis 有丝分裂 meiosis 减数分裂 • mitochondria 线粒体（chondro-颗粒 + -ia名词后缀） • mitomycin 丝裂霉素• Antibiotics,Antineoplastic 抗生素类,抗肿瘤; • Alkylating Agents 烷化剂; • Cross-Linking Reagents 交联剂; • Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors 核酸合成抑制剂 ※ morpho-形,形态morphocytology 细胞形态学polymorphism 多形,多态性,多态[现象] genetic polymorphism 遗传多态现象 ※ -morphous,-morphic …形的heteromorphic,heteromorphous 异形的；多晶型的polymorphous, polymorphic 多晶的,多态的,多形的※ morbi-,morbido-疾病• morbidostatic 阻止疾病的（static 制止…的） • morbigenous 致病的（morbi- + -genous致…的）• morbility 发病率,发病 ※ morti-,mort-死• mortality 死亡率;必死性• mortiferous 致死的（morti- + -ferous 产生…的） ※ muco-,muci-粘液,粘(膜) mucus 粘液 • mucopolysaccharide 粘多糖(类) • mucopolysaccharidase • mucoprotein mucopeptide ※ myxo-,myx-粘液 • myxosarcoma 粘液肉瘤myxofibroma 粘液纤维瘤 myxedema ※ visco-,viscosi-粘 viscometer 粘度计 ※ multi-,mult-多,多种,多数 • multivalent 多价的,多价体 • multicellular multinuclear ※ poly-多,多数；聚(合物)的,多(聚的) • polyethylene 聚乙烯 PUC• polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯 PVC • polypnea,tachypnea---shortness ofbreath ※ musculo-,muscul-肌(肉) muscle• musculotropic 向肌性的（-tropic 趋向…的） • musculocutaneous, musculodermic 肌皮的 • musculointestinal 肌(与)肠的 • musculoskeletal 肌(与)骨骼的 ※ myo-,my-肌(肉)• myasthenia 肌无力,肌衰弱（asthenia 无力） • myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力 • myocardiac 心肌病的。