定语从句讲解及练习(2007-07-19
定语从句讲解及练习、答案
定语从句1. 定语从句的结构及理解2. 定语从句的关系词的使用3. 定语从句的简化表达知识总结归纳（一）定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
定语从句讲解及练习带答案
初中定语从句讲解及练习第一部分:基础知识（一）．定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。
如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。
定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。
定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。
（二）．定语从句的引导词。
定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose ）和关系副词（when, where, why ），引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。
（三）．关系代词1. that 指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句The film which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。
The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4. whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
That is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+ ’s, 后接一名词。
I know the boy whose parents are dead.I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
定语从句讲解及练习
定语从句讲解及练习只能用that引导定语从句.This is the first book that I read in English.2.先行词被all。
everything。
nothing。
something。
anything 等不定代词修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句.I need something that can help me relax.3.先行词被the only。
the very。
the same等修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句.This is the only book that I have read.4.先行词是不定式时，只能用that引导定语从句.I have nothing to say that can change his mind.小幅度改写：定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
例如，Mary is a beautiful girl。
如果要用定语从句修饰girl，可以写成Mary is a girl who has long hair。
这里，句子who has long hair作为定语从句，修饰girl。
如果要合并为一个句子，可以写成Mary is a girl (who has long hair)。
关系代词有which。
who。
whom。
whose。
that和关系副词有where。
when。
why。
当先行词是物时，用which或that引导定语从句。
当先行词是人时，用who。
whom。
whose。
that引导定语从句。
其中，who作定语从句的主语或宾语，whom作定语从句的宾语，whose作定语从句的定语，而that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语。
但是，关系代词作动词宾语时可以省略。
下列情况只能用that：1.序数词或最高级adj修饰先行词时，2.先行词被all。
everything。
nothing。
something。
(完整版)定语从句知识点整理及相应练习.doc
定语从句1、功能： =形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词。
在从句中充当的成分：主语、宾语学会找关系词，看先行词指的是什么-----先行词，看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
2、一般用法先行词是物：which that先行词是人：who whom that关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
e.g. The young man ( whom ) you saw was our manager.There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开非限制）1)限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2)非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开，不能 that 用引导。
e.g. Tom’ s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.that 与which 的区别1）用 that 而不用which 的情况①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing,；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any 等词修饰；④ 先行词既有人又有物时。
2）用 which 而不用that 的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；② 指代前面整个主句的意思；③ 介词+ 关系代词。
3、 whose 的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。
e.g. 1. The girl is my daughter. Her work got the first prize.The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.4、介宾结构关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前，但关系代词只能用which （物）或whom （人）。
定语从句讲解与练习
定语从句（Attributive Clause）：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名（代）词之后，这种名（代）词就叫作先行词（Antecedent）。
引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。
①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.例句：The dog that/which was lost has been found.（失踪的狗已经找到了。
）Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting.（有人认为那些对这个提案有兴趣的人最好是在会后再具体讨论它。
）There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless.（存在着许多旨在帮助无家可归者的组织。
）②当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that.The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday.（孩子们唯一关心的是他们什么时候放假。
）These are the very points that puzzle me.（真正困扰我的是这些观点。
(完整)初中英语定语从句讲解及练习
(完整)初中英语定语从句讲解及练习初中英语定语从句讲解及练一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) XXX class one.(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.留意：干系代词whom在白话和非正式语体中经常利用who替代，可省略。
(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) XXX is a game which is XXX.(2) this is the pen (which) XXX.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning?5. whose平日指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) XXX.(2) i once XXX.whose指物时，经常利用以下布局来替代(3) the classroom XXX.(4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+干系代词指导的定语从句干系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+干系代词指导(1) the school (that/which) he once XXX.(2) the school in which he once XXX.(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) we'll go to hear the XXX) we have often talked about.(6) we'll go to hear the XXX.留意：1.含有介词的动词短语普通不拆开利用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)(3) the plane in which we XXX)(4) the XXX)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some ofwhich have gone bad.(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.in the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.a. thatb. whoc. from whomd. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。
定语从句讲解和定语从句专项练习题含答案(学霸总结精品资料)-10页
定语从句讲解1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
（一）限定性定语从句一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。
[eg：this is the book （which）you want。
]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
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定语从句讲解及练习(2007-07-19 22:05:37)分类：英语学习知识/方法策略定语从句I.主语和谓语一致1、关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
例如：The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2、在one of the +复数名词+定语从句结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.3、在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。
例如：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.II. 正确使用that 和which1、that 指物，有时也可以指人,which 指物，不能指人。
Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that 则不能。
例如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?(正) Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?（误）The room in which she lives is a large one.（正） The room in that she lives is a large one.（误）2、先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词next, last, very, any, little, no 等修饰时，用that 不用which引导定语从句。
例如：This is the best film that I have seen.（正） This is the best film which I have seen.（误）3、先行词是all, much, little, none等时，用that而不用which引导定语从句。
例如：That’s all that I want to say.（正） That’s all which want to say.（误）4、先行词是不定代词something, anything, anything, everything时，一般用that而不用which引导定语从句。
例如：Is there anything that you want in this shop?（正） Is there anything which you want in this shop?（误）注：当something表示具体的事物，重要的东西，重要的人物等确定意义时，它是名词，关系代词用that 或which均可。
例如：There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium.5、先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句。
例如：He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （正）He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.（误）6、先行词本身是that 时，一般用which引导定语从句。
例如：The predicate is that which is said of the subject.7、在who开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。
例如：Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?8、当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。
例如：Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.III. 定语从句要用关系词引导。
例如：I have three friends, none of whom can speak French.（正）I have three friends, none of them can speak French.（误）注：若把逗号“，”改为分号“；”误句也就变为正确的句子了。
IV. as 做关系代词的用法1．关系代词常出现在the same…as, such…as, so…as, as…as 等结构中This is not such a book as I expected.I live in the same building as he (lives in).Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.As many children as came here were my father’s pupils.★ the same…that…和the same…as…的区别I have bought the same watch as you have.我买了一块和你一样的手表。
（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。
）This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。
（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）2． as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。
This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.Mary was late for school, as often happened.As is known to all, the earth is round.★ as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：1．as has been said before 如上所述2．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样3．as is well known 众所周知4．as was expected 正如预料的那样5．as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样6．as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样which则不需要，例如：The man died last night, which is a lie.as 替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。
VI. 用关系代词还是关系副词先行词是表时时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。
如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定与从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。
例如：This is the school where Mr Cheng works.This is the school that Mr Cheng set up ten years ago.I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr Isaak.That was the reason that he gave me yesterday.That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.注：1 关系副词一般可以改为“介词+which”。
例如：The reason why/for which I didn’t come this morning is that it rained hard. October, 1st 1949 was the day when/on which the Peoples Republic of China was founded. This was the city where /in which he was taken away by the enemy.注：2 why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
注：3 关系代词that 有一种特殊的用法。
That 在限制性定语从句中可以作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式,代替when , where, why,或“介词+which”。
例如：We will never forget the year that(= when)SARS broke out in China.That is the place that(=where)the health workers fought against SARS.This was the reason that(=why)there were over 2000 SARS cases in Beijing.That was the way that (=in which) we fought against SARS.注：4 from where中的where 为关系代词。
例如：He stood near the north window, from where he could see the whole garden.He climbed up to the top of the temple, from where he could see nothing but trees.VII. 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句1．定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“。
的（名词）”。
而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。
与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。
that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。
试比较：① We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news 的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)② We don’t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)2．定语从句与状语从句。