领导科学

大学四级模拟1169Part Ⅰ Writing1、 1. 表示问候2. 描述一下本学期的学习生活情况3. 谈谈对即将到来的暑假的打算Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)The Sixth SenseWhen you were a child, did you ever wonder how your mother knew when you were writing on the wall with crayons (蜡笔) , even though she couldn't possibly see or hear you? ... Or why she always came outside and called you just as you headed for forbidden territory? How did she know? If you asked her, she probably told you that it was her "mother's intuition". That never really explained anything, butit gave you something to think about.Just exactly what is a mother's intuition? Unfortunately, not even mothers who profess to having it can explain exactly what itis. Some would say it was a "sixth sense" or a funny feeling that prompted them to check on their children' s whereabouts and activities. Others have claimed to hear a voice inside their heads that called their children' s names or had a "flash vision" of what their children were doing. In any event, almost every mother seems to have it and will swear by its reliability.A typical example of this ability is the case of a woman who claims that her intuition prevented each of her five children from serious mishaps. Once she awoke in the middle of the night and felt the need to check on her son Paul, who was three years old at the time. He wash' t in his bed, so she raced down the stairs to find him. She found him outside, sleepwalking, headed straight toward a flight of concrete steps. Then again, there was a time when one of her daughters fell off a horse and broke her arm. The child neither cried nor yelled for help. But the mother, sensing that something was wrong, came out of the house and found her in a field just minutes after the accident. How did she know? "Just a feeling," she said, "that something was wrong."The concept that people are capable of having a sixth sense is not a new one. Numerous studies of ESP (extra sensory perception) have been under way for decades. What they have revealed only supports the theory that people axe capable of having and using another sense beyond sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. But no single group ofpeople seems to have this ability as consistently as mothers do? Whyis this?Some theorize that the close and intimate relationship that mother and child have for the first years of a child' s life sets up an empathy (感情移入) that no other relationship could possibly duplicate. In other words, a mother "tunes in" to the thoughts and behavior of her child more than any other person could. Therefore, even though she may be preoccupied with household chores or social activities, a part of her is constantly alert for her child' s safety. Not an unreasonable theory--since most of us axe the product of our mothers' devotion. But how does this explain why a mother will know that her child is in danger, even though the child itself may not be aware of it? This is the question which has kept mother's intuition a mystery. Something beyond that which we can logically explain somehow seems to warn a mother when her child approaches danger.An interesting illustration of this sixth sense involves the famous escape artist, Houdini. As the story goes, Houdini wasplanning to perform an escape from a steel trunk wrapped in chainsand dropped into a frozen river. Because the river was so cold, he' d only have a few minutes to escape in order to survive. They wrapped Houdini in a straight jacket, locked him into the trunk, secured the chains, and then dropped him into the river through a hole cut into the ice. Minutes passed and Houdini did not appear. When enough time had passed to make it apparent that Houdini' s escape had failed, the grief-stricken party left the scene and reported that Houdini had died. One friend remained at the hole in the ice, not yet convinced that Houdini had drowned. To his utter amazement, Houdini did indeed surface at the spot.When the half-frozen artist had recovered enough, he told hisfriend that he had not accounted for the current of the river under the ice. The river had carried the trunk downstream and when he got out of the trunk, he couldn' t find the hole cut into the ice. He managed to get oxygen from air pockets caught between the ice and the water, but he had no way of finding the hole through the thickice. Then he heard his mother's voice calling him. He followed her voice, and it led him to the hole in the ice where his friend was waiting.This was amazing, first, because his mother lived in another city and was nowhere near the scene of the frozen river. But more amazing than that was the fact that, when Houdini tried to call his mother,he was informed that she had died just hours before.What had told Houdini' s mother that he was in danger--even beyond the grave? How had she been able to protect her child in spite of the fact that she was no longer living?Someday, perhaps, we will know. Someday we may understand thekind of communication that exists between mother and child and beable to expand on that knowledge to a better form of communication in all relationships. There is no doubt that such a thing as a mother's revealed only supports the theory that people axe capable of having and using another sense beyond sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. But no single group of people seems to have this ability as consistently as mothers do? Why is this?Some theorize that the close and intimate relationship that mother and child have for the first years of a child' s life sets up an empathy (感情移入) that no other relationship could possibly duplicate. In other words, a mother "tunes in" to the thoughts and behavior of her child more than any other person could. Therefore, even though she may be preoccupied with household chores or social activities, a part of her is constantly alert for her child' s safety. Not an unreasonable theory--since most of us axe the product of our mothers' devotion. But how does this explain why a mother will know that her child is in danger, even though the child itself may not be aware of it? This is the question which has kept mother's intuition a mystery. Something beyond that which we can logically explain somehow seems to warn a mother when her child approaches danger.An interesting illustration of this sixth sense involves the famous escape artist, Houdini. As the story goes, Houdini wasplanning to perform an escape from a steel trunk wrapped in chainsand dropped into a frozen river. Because the river was so cold, he' d only have a few minutes to escape in order to survive. They wrapped Houdini in a straight jacket, locked him into the trunk, secured the chains, and then dropped him into the river through a hole cut into the ice. Minutes passed and Houdini did not appear. When enough time had passed to make it apparent that Houdini' s escape had failed, the grief-stricken party left the scene and reported that Houdini had died. One friend remained at the hole in the ice, not yet convinced that Houdini had drowned. To his utter amazement, Houdini did indeed surface at the spot.When the half-frozen artist had recovered enough, he told hisfriend that he had not accounted for the current of the river under the ice. The river had carried the trunk downstream and when he got out of the trunk, he couldn' t find the hole cut into the ice. He managed to get oxygen from air pockets caught between the ice and the water, but he had no way of finding the hole through the thickice. Then he heard his mother's voice calling him. He followed her voice, and it led him to the hole in the ice where his friend was waiting.This was amazing, first, because his mother lived in another cityand was nowhere near the scene of the frozen river. But more amazing than that was the fact that, when Houdini tried to call his mother, he was informed that she had died just hours before.What had told Houdini' s mother that he was in danger--even beyond the grave? How had she been able to protect her child in spite of the fact that she was no longer living?Someday, perhaps, we will know. Someday we may understand the kind of communication that exists between mother and child and be able to expand on that knowledge to a better form of communication in all relationships. There is no doubt that such a thing as a mother's intuition exists. And the fact of its existence may be an indication that all of us are capable of having another instinct--a sixth sense.1、This passage tries to explain the reason why mothers often have a sixth sense.2、Almost every mother has a motion' s intuition and is quite sure of its existence.3、Studies on the sixth sense showed that no one could be able to use any sense beyond smell, taste, etc.4、A mother is always on alert for her child' s safety even when she is busy with housework or social activities.5、Everyone left the scene when they found that Houdini had failed to escape.6、If a mother doesn' t love her child, she will not have a mother' s intuition.7、Houdini managed to get out of the trunk, but couldn' t find the hole cut in the ice.8、Houdini managed to get oxygen from air pockets caught between______.9、When Houdini tried to call her mother, he was told that ______.10、In the future, we may be able to expand on our knowledge of the kind of communication between mothers and children to ______.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A19、 A) A house. B) A car.C) A hotel. D) An art gallery.20、 A) He has many pets. B) He has three children.C) He doesn't need a larger house. D) His wife is pregnant.21、 A) House sales company. B) Motor sales company.C) Food sales company. D) Travel agency.22、 A) She is a travel agent. B) She is a (real) estate agent.C) She sells cars. D) She sells hotels.22、 A) About opening a restaurant. C) About how to spend the vacation.B) About working in the laboratory. D) About where to travel.23、 A) In a research institute. C) In a zoo.B) On the beach. D) On the campus.24、 A) Working as a tourist guide. C) Working as a shop assistant.B) Helping in a restaurant. D) Lookingafter a laboratory.25、 A) Because it is part of his study.B) Because his uncle needs help.C) Because he wants to visit the seaside.D) Because he has to earn for his tuition.11、 A) He slept well last night. B) He burnt something last night.C) He stayed up late last night. D) He worried about the test.12、 A) He is making a public advertisement. B) He isa salesman.C) He dose not agree with the woman. D) He is making a report.13、 A) The man agrees with the woman.B) The man suggests they find the key point of the issue.C) The man thinks there is no meaning in dealing with that issue.D) The man would like to work on that issue.14、 A) The woman was sleeping and awoke by the man. B) The man was singing loudly.C) The man will leave the room. D) The woman was writing her paper.15、 A) The woman has got ready. B) The man has not got ready to leave.C) They have been late for a party. D) They will leave for a party.11、 A) It is typical December weather for this region.B) It won't really snow until December.C) Such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.D) There has never been much snow down South.12、 A) She doesn't like the professor very much.B) She doubts class will be canceled.C) She doesn't want to attend the conference.D) She wonders whether the professor is an accountant.13、 A) At last he enjoys campus life. B) School has changed little since last year.C) He has many new friends. D) It's easier to find his way around this year.14、 A) They watched the end of the race. B) Only three of them didn't finish the race.C) Most of them didn't run. D) They participated in the last three races.15、 A) Ask Joan to come to the meeting before lunch.B) Tell Joan at lunch about the meeting.C) Call Joan to meet her for lunch.D) Meet Joan in the hall after lunch.Section B26、What does the speaker say about cola in the past?A) It started out as a soft drink. B) It was first a cure for headaches.C) It tasted bitter and no one liked it. D) It was sold to patients only.27、 What should customers do before drinking the sugar liquid?A) Heat it. B) Add oil to it. C) Shake it gently. D) Mix it with water.28、 How did the customer feel after he drunk the mix?A) It tasted bitter. B) It tasted good. C) It was strange. D) It was sweet.29、 What do we learn about today's cola?A) It tastes the same as the past. B) It is not refreshing now.C) It can't cure headaches. D) It is much cheaper than before.26、 [A] To do some research. [B] To support his family.[C] To pay for his college education. [D] To help his partner expand business.27、 [A] It stood at an unfavorable place.[B] It lowered the prices to promote sales.[C] It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.[D] It made no profits due to poor management.28、 [A] They had enough money to do it.[B] They had succeeded in their business.[C] They wanted to make others believe that they were successful.[D] They wished to meet the increasing demand of customers.29、 [A] Learning by trial and error. [B] Making friends with suppliers.[C] Finding a good partner. [D] Opening chain stores.33、 A) How to grow melons.B) How to bury a pot of water in the garden.C) How to use water efficiently in a desert garden.D) How to water your plants.34、 A) It's too dry to grow melons.B) It's a nice place to grow melons.C) It's too wet to grow anything.D) It's very dry, but melons grow well there.35、 A) By burying a water-filled pot among the plants.B) With surface irrigation.C) With spray irrigation.D) By digging a ditch along the plants.Section CAbel Xavier, Middlesbrough's Portuguese defender, has failed a drug test and been suspended from all football by FIFA, football's world governing body. Xavier's urine (36) after Boro's UEFA Cup tie in Xanthi, Greece, was found to be positive. Xavier is protestinghis (37) to the club. Xavier is believed to have been taking a supplement to (38) a virus.For the time (39) Middlesbrough are (40) by Xavier, though they are making no public statements, but a further test will now follow on Xavier's sample and, if that is found to be positive, then the defender, who turns 33 next month, may be banned fora (41) period that his career is effectively over. UEFA is overseeing the investigation as the test was taken after a game under its (42) and the relevant (43) is due to meet and report next Monday.Boro would confirm only that Xavier had failed one test. An UEFA spokesman said: "The next step would be to examine the B sample. If that was positive, he would face sanctions laid out in the protocol passed between FIFA and WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency)."(44) , although Edgar Davids, now of Tottenham, was banned four years ago for eight months having been found with nandrolone in his system while at Juventus. (45) .Shortly after Jaap Stam left Old Trafford he was banned for three months and fined ＄50, 000 for testing positive for nandrolone. (46) .P art Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section AOceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the 19th century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was (47) to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was (48) , and with the exception of early (49) travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little mason to ask many questions about it, let (50) toask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the (51) of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial (52) was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was (53) . The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to (54) the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the U.S. Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for (55) on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been (56) for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.A) physical I) informationB) bottom J) intercontinentalC) dived K) apartD) responsible L) remoteE) consequence M) geologyF) reluctant N) proposedO) measurable O) aloneH) estimateSection BPassage OneResearchers used to believe that a sense of real caring about others came as people grow into adulthood. But now studies arefinding that children can show signs of empathy and concern from a very early age.According to a study by psychologists E. Gil Clary, Ph.D. and Jude Miller, Ph.D., there are two kinds of parental role modelling that help teach children to be caring: kindness to others, and kindness to the child. In other words, actions speak louder than words. If you are consistently caring and compassionate, it's mom likely that your children will be too. Children watch their parents and other adults for clues on how to behave. Keep in mind that if you say one thing and do another, your children will pay a lot more attention to what you do. The old warning "Do as I say, not as I do" simply does not work particularly when it comes to teaching about being caring.Not everyone has time to devote to volunteer work or money to donate to causes, but there are small acts of care that can be part of your family's life. These acts don't have to be grandiose. Doing a favour for a neighbour, taking a stray animal to a shelter, giving money and a kind word to a homeless person, helping out when a group of teenagers are cruelly teasing a classmate; there are all kinds ofsmall acts of compassion that your children can watch you do, and even take part in themselves.Try to surround your children with other people who are kind and caring, so that they have several role models. Another thing you can do is try to find organized ways for your children to get involved. Let them know about places in the community where they can volunteer, and encourage them to join. Many volunteer organizations and churches have special programmes for young people and even for children.57、In this passage, the sentence "actions speak louder than words" means ______.A) what you do is more important than what you sayB) what you say is more important than what you doC) what you say influences your children more than what you doD) what you do influences your children more than what you say58、The word "grandiose" (Line 2, Para. 3) means ______A) generous B) honest C) great D) loyal59、Which of the following is NOT the proper way to teach children to be caring?A) Get them involved in the voluntary work in a community.B) Be kind to others and to the child.C) Have them join people in small acts of kindness.D) Ask them to do as you say..60、Children should be surrounded with other kind and caring people because ______.A) they can be taken good care of by such peopleB) they can learn to be caring from such peopleC) they can get encouragement from such peopleD) they can be part of such people61、We can inter from the passage that a sense of careA) does not come until a person grows to be an adultB) should be taught to children through actions instead of wordsC) means small acts of kindnessD) can be learned through watching how kind one is to others and to animalsPassage TwoThere is no question that some "greenwashing" is going on in the corporate world. Byernwerk, a Bavarian utility, began selling "Aqua Power" last year when Germany began to let customers choose theirelectricity supplier. Bayernwerk markets Aqua Power as 100 percent green, renewable, hydroelectric energy. But any customer who signs up gets power from the same mix of sources as before: hydro, gas, coal and nuclear. Nothing changes except some accounting, and there is no net benefit to the environment. There is a benefit, though, to Bayernwerk, which charges more for Aqua Power and has been swamped with orders for it.Greenwashing takes many forms. "Companies often advertise themselves as environmentally friendly even though they might have some pretty hideous environment records, "says Jill Johnson of the group Earth Day 2002. California's PG&E, the utility that settled out of court after the real Erin Breckovich accused it of polluting groundwater, runs pro-environmental ads. But PG&E is due in court in November on charges of polluting wells in a second California town. "PG&E has a very good environmental track record, "says spokesman Greg Pruett, citing recycling and waste reduction. Weyerhaeuser, the timber company, cuts old-growth trees in Canada but trumpets the 100 million tree seedlings it will plant this year.Overall, the greening of corporate America is real and has not been as hard to achieve as some environmental activists imagined. That is especially true for greenhouse gases and climate change, the focus of Earth Day 2000. "Now there is more recognition by companies that there may be an economic advantage to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases," says Paul Portney, president of the think tank Resources for the Future. More and more companies are changing the way they heat and light their buildings and design their factories to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as their energy bills. (Energy-efficiency upgrades can save a company roughly ＄ 1 per square foot of office or factory space every year.) The reductions often exceed those called for in the 1997 international agreement on greenhouse warming called Kyoto Treaty, whose goal of reducing greenhouse emissions 7 percent from their 2000 levels is deemed so threatening to the economy by oil, coal and chemical companies that the White House does not dare to submit to the Senate for ratification.62、The "Aqua Power", sold by the Germany utility Bayernwerk, is______.A) green energy B) less expensive C) ordinaryelectricity D) not popular63、By "greenwashing", the author of the passage probably means______.A) reducing and recycling waste B) advertising greenproductsC) planting tree seedlings D) appearing pro-environmental64、The reductions on greenhouse gas emissions, called for in the Kyoto Treaty, turned out to be ______.A) too dangerous for the U.S. economyB) unrealistic for the year 2000C) good for oil, coal and chemical companiesD) not too difficult to achieve in the U.S.65、Companies like PC&E and Weyerhaeuser tried to promote their environmental image because they ______.A) realize its economic advantageB) would like to be environmentally friendlyC) would defend themselves against chargesD) know the importance of sustainable growth66、The author wrote this passage probably to show that ______.A) most companies have a good environmental track recordB) actions are truly taken by companies to protect the environmentC) the real motive of companies' actions are self-centeredD) serious damages usually occur beneath the surfacePart Ⅴ ClozeA person's home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in minda(n)" (67) home". But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical (68) of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash (69) , in fact, often means that the only wayof (70) when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things (71) financially. There are obvious (72) of living at home--personal laundry is usually (73) done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to (74) . And there is (75) the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand, (76) depends on how a family gets on. Do your patents like your friends? You may love your family-- (77) do you like them? Are you prepared to be (78) when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n) (79) , and that youfinally have the money to leave, how do you (80) finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilitiesare (81) well-known to you al-ready. Friends and the local paper are always (82) . If you are going to work in a (83) area, again there are the papers--and the accommodation agencies, (84) these should be approached with (85) . Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the (86) of the first week's rent, if you take accommodation they have found for yon.67、A) ideal B) perfect C) imaginary D) satisfactory68、A) deficiencies B) weaknesses C) insufficiencies D) limitations69、A) cut B) shortage C) lack D) drain70、A) getting over B) getting in C) getting back D) getting along71、A) improve B) enhance C) develop D) proceed72、A) concerns B) issues C) advantages D) problems73、A) still B) always C) habitually D) consequently74、A) call in B) call over C) call upon D) call out75、A) always B) rarely C) little D) sometimes76、A) little B) enough C) many D) much77、A) and B) but C) still D) or78、A) tolerant B) hostile C) indifferent D) good-tempered79、A) agreement B) consensus C) compromise D) deal80、A) go about B) go over C) go in for D) go through81、A) seldom B) less C) probably D) certainly82、A) dependent B) a good source of informationC) of great value D) reliable83、A) familiar B) cold C) humid D) new84、A) though B) while C) since D) as85、A) enthusiasm B) hesitation C) caution D) concern86、A) same B) equivalent C) equal D) similarityPart Ⅵ Translation78、If you ask others to work every weekend without pay, youare______(对他们期望的太多了).88、It _________________(是很容易证明的) that nothing is more precious than time.90、 She received an increase in pay and it has__________________________ (对于也的工作态度起了重要作用)。