TEM4-2-1

• 7. Art historians and archaeologists are excited about the new discoveries. Every day, diggers at the excavations find another ancient perfume jar or cooking pot. Sometimes they find a complete tomb. • 8. Most of the people who built the houses were workers with no special ability; however, a few were artisans—skilled workers. • 9. There was a succession of wars—one after another and one after another.
• 10. He acted as an intermediary between the angry workers and the employers during the strike last year. • 11. He suffers from both physical and psychological maladies. • 12. The expression on his face was an absolute deadpan, so we had no idea if he was serous or joking.
1.7 Contrast
• When viewing photographs of food, hungry subjects experience a much greater increase in pupil diameter than do sated subjects.
Exercise
1.1 Compounding
• Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases. Words formed in this way are called compounds. Compounds can be written solid (silkworm), hyphenated (honey-bee) and open (tear gas).
1.5 Examples
• This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetables, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings and ice cream.
阅读猜词法
HELEN
Word Power
• 1. What is context?
• As far as IELTS reading is concerned, context refers to the phrase of even a longer utterance or a text that occurs before and/ or after a word or phrase. sometimes it may refer to your general knowledge—your knowledge about the world. In most cases, by the use of contextual clues, you can guess the meaning of unknown words.
• 4. The writer lost several pages of her manuscript, so she had to rewrite them before she sent the book to her publisher. • 5. The builders of the pyramids lived in a village not far from their worksite. When they died, their families buried them in tombs in a nearby cemetery. • 6. The pharaohs often had more than one wife, but most ordinary Egyptians were monogamous.
1.2 Restatement
• I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.
1.3 General Knowledge
• The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed.
1.4 Related Information
• Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
• 1. That American company wanted to do business in North Korea, but the government intervened. The U.S. government stepped in and prevented this. • 2. These people are nomadic hunters and gatherers. In other words, they travel from one area to another to hunt animal and gather fruits and vegetables. • 3. In their paintings, many artists depict subjects that are close to their personal world.
1.2 Affixation
• According to the position affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and suffixation.
Prefixation
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • in, il-, im-, irnot Misbad or wrong Unnot Reagain or back Disnot over- to an excessive degree Under- not enough Nonnot Sub- under or beneath Prebefore Postafter Cowith or together Exformer Bitwo or twice indirect, illegal mislead unfair repay, return dishonest overwork underdeveloped non-smoker subway preschool pห้องสมุดไป่ตู้stwar co-owner ex-wife bilingual
Suffixation
• • • • • • • • • Verb Suffixes -en sharpen -fy purify -ize modernize Adjective Suffixes -ful peaceful -less careless -ian, -an, musician, American -y windy
1.1 Definition
• One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism—the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.