山东省青岛第二中学2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题

山东省青岛第二中学2023-2024学年高三上学期12月月考英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读选择The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms, which reflect the Chinese people’s understanding of time. Here several special solar terms are listed.Rain WaterRain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again. Extra care is needed to cope with a returning cold spell in this period. The wet and damp weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen (脾) and stomach according to Chinese medical practice. Therefore, a bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.Awakening of InsectsAs the third solar term in the lunar year, its name implies that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life. It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. Modern meteorological science shows that around this period, the earth becomes wet, the hot humid air from the north is strong and creates frequent winds. For this reason, thunder often occurs.Spring EquinoxSpring Equinox signals the equal length of the day and night time. On the day of the Spring Equinox, the sun is directly above the equator. After the equinox, the sun moves northwards, resulting in gradually longer day time in the Northern Hemisphere. Standing an egg upright is a popular game during this period. It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand, he will have good luck in the future.Grain RainGrain Rain originates from the old saying, “Rain brings up the growth of hundreds of grains", which shows that this period of rainfall is extremely important for the growth of crops and people are busy working on the land. Grain Rain falls between the end of' spring and the beginning of summer, with infrequent cold air moving to the south and lingering cold air in the north. With dry soil, an unsteady atmosphere and heavy winds and sandstormsbecome more frequent.1．What can we know about Rain Water?A．River water starts to freeze.B．Taking off the thick coats is advisable.C．Lively spring-like scenery can be seen.D．It falls between the end of spring and the start of summer.2．What do Awakening of Insects and Grain Rain have in common?A．Farming season.B．Animal activities.C．Air temperature.D．Frequent thundering.3．In which solar term would people most probably put on masks?A．Rain Water.B．Grain Rain.C．Spring Equinox.D．Awakening of Insects.The power of “seeing”A spoon-billed sandpiper (勺嘴鹬) steps into the frame, heading straight for a small bug placed there. It swallows its food with its spoon-shaped beak.The performance is for Joel Sartore, founder of Photo Ark, a personal effort to document animals around the world.The critically endangered bird, of which there are fewer than 1,000 individuals in the wild, is the 13,000th species Sartore has photographed in 16 years. His goal is 20,000.Before he started Photo Ark, Sartore spent more than a decade working as a photographer for National Geographic, mainly covering conservation stories in the field. He had seen wildlife decreasing firsthand, but felt like the public wasn’t interested.Sartore thought of a new way to inspire people. He picked up his camera and set about taking shots of wildlife-but rather than recording animals in the wild, he wanted to photograph them outside their natural habitat. He visited zoos, aquariums and rehabilitation (康复) centers and photographed portraits of individual animals against a white or black backdrop (背景幕).“This allows you to look them in the eye and see that there’s great beauty there and that they are worth saving,” he said. “We are primates and we respond to eye contact above all else.”The response has indeed been huge. Sartore has more than 1.6 million followers onInstagram and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. Part of the proceeds (收益) from his books goes to fund on-the-ground conservation efforts.Gary Ward who works at London Zoo where Sartore has shot before, said, “Seeing is the first step to caring, and caring is the first step to conservation action.”By choosing animals outside their natural habitat, Sartore admits he will only show a small part of the world’s wildlife. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are more than 2 million described species on the planet, and he plans to photograph just 1% of them. But doing so allows him to spotlight species that are already extinct in the wild, and those that would be difficult to take portraits of in their natural habitat. It also enables him to shoot in a controlled environment, meaning the animal can be kept safe and comfortable, with zookeepers or carers on hand to advise on its behavior.4．What is Sartore doing at the beginning of the text?A．He is feeding a bird.B．He is training a bird.C．He is photographing a bird.D．He is studying a bird’s behavior. 5．What does Sartore aim to do with his Photo Ark?A．Make a record of conservation stories.B．Broaden his experience in saving animals.C．Gather information on endangered species.D．Raise people’s awareness of protecting wildlife.6．What is Gary Ward’s attitude towards Sartore’s work?A．Unclear.B．Approving.C．Doubtful.D．Objective. 7．What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．Why Sartore focuses on animals in human care.B．Why Sartore can’t cover all animals in the world.C．The benefits of working with zookeepers or carers.D．The difficulties of photographing animals in the wild.In 2007 a team led by Stefan Rahmstorf compared actual observations with predictions made by theoretical models for three key climate indicators: carbon dioxide, global temperature and sea-level rise. While the predictions got CO2 levels right, they were low for real temperature and sea-level rise.Climate scientists have a surprising habit: They often underestimate the climate threat.The articles reporting the underestimates have been widely cited, so one might think that scientists have taken corrective steps. But recent studies of Arctic warming suggest that the problem may not have gone away. As polar ice melts because of global warming, the Arctic Ocean absorbs more heat, which causes the Arctic to warm even more. It should surprise no one that the area is warming fast. Yet scientists have been caught off-guard by just how fast the region is heating up.In 2013, a paper was published pointing out that these underestimates represent subconscious bias (偏向) caused by defensiveness. Scientists tended toward lower and misleading prediction because they did not want to be accused of making dramatic and overstressed claims. Even now scientists continue to be accused of overestimating climate risks by worrying figures which get much media attention, thus biasing their models to be unrealistically conservative.If scientists have underestimated Arctic warming, they have likely minimized amounts of permafrost (永久冻土) melting and methane (甲烷) release as well. And that could be truly dire because the permafrost holds about 1.5 billion tons of organic carbon, twice as much as now in the atmosphere. Were that carbon to be rapidly released, it could cause a picture: a runaway greenhouse effect. Whatever the cause, it’s time that scientists looked seriously at whether their measuring models continue to underestimate critical aspects of the climate problem. Low estimates can create the false impression that we have more time to fix the problem than we actually do.8．Why is Rahmstorf’s research in Paragraph 1 mentioned?A．To highlight the urgency in global warming.B．To show the inaccuracy of climate predictions.C．To state the importance of precise measurement.D．To express the difficulty in making right policies.9．Why do climate scientists always underestimate climate threats?A．They are misled by the statistics.B．Their reports have been widely cited.C．They want to avoid blame for causing anxiety.D．They aim to defend themselves from fake information.10．What does the underlined word “dire” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A．Disastrous.B．Confusing.C．Impressive.D．Discouraging.11．What’s the best title of this text?A．The Arctic Ocean Is Calling for HelpB．Climate Scientists Are Under FireC．The Warming Pace Is UnderestimatedD．Climate Predictions Prove CorrectDriverless taxicabs have been swarming (蜂拥) in the streets in San Francisco, Phoenix and Austin for months, and they’re most likely driving themselves soon to your city. One freaked-out passenger has documented his experience on TikTok, “I was startled by the empty front seats during a ride to a coffee shop!”The comment of the anxious TikToker reminds historian Victor McFarland of what it was like when cars first hit American streets around a hundred years ago. The pedestrians yelled “Get a horse” to motorists in the 1910s. But McFarland, who teaches at the University of Missouri, says the new beasts known as automobiles were more threatening and unfamiliar to people a century ago than driverless cars are to us now. “Automobiles were frightening to a lot of people at first,” he says. “The early automobiles were noisy, dangerous, had no seatbelts and ran over pedestrians.”Some people also felt threatened by the freedom and independence newly available to entire classes of people, says Saje Mathieu, a history professor at the University of Minnesota. They included black people whose movements were restricted by Jim Crow Laws (种族歧视法). Cars let them more easily search for everything from better employment to improved healthcare.Larger concerns today move to numerous laws that can be broken when no one is at the wheel. Who is to blame if a pregnant person takes a driverless car across state lines to obtain an abortion, for example? Or when driverless cars transport illegal drugs?And back then, like now, Mathieu adds, there were concerns about the future of certain jobs. Once we were worried about Teamsters, who then drove teams of horses, being out of work. Truckers today fear that they might soon compete with driverless vehicles in their own dedicated lanes.“You can’t have congestion-free driving just because you constantly build roads,” observes history professor Peter Norton of the University of Virginia. Now, he says, is an excellent time to learn from what did not work in the past. “It doesn’t automatically get safejust because you have cutting-edge tech.” Such advanced tech even terrified one TikToker taking a driverless cab in Phoenix last Friday. “We’re making a left-hand turn without using the left-hand turn lane!”Are these devilish machines going to change the face of the world? Maybe they won’t add to the beauty of the world, but they have come, and almost all outward things are going to be different because of what they bring.And now that they drive themselves, historians say, we need to remember that the world and the streets belongs to us and not to the cars. We need to stay behind the wheel, even if that’s only a figure of speech.12．Why did pedestrians shout “Get a horse” in the 1910s?A．They wanted to own a horse themselves.B．They had pity on the poor horses.C．They tried to warn motorists of danger.D．They disapproved of automobiles. 13．What is a concern about the rise of driverless cars today?A．It brings gray areas in responsibility.B．It favors a certain socioeconomic group.C．It weakens competition in certain jobs.D．It makes car driving a lost art. 14．What is suggested regarding driverless cars?A．Exploring new technology further.B．Overcoming worries about driverless cars.C．Putting humans physically behind the wheel.D．Building more roads to avoid congestion.15．What is the best title of the text?A．Driverless Cars: Pioneering a New EraB．Driverless Cars? How Innovations Shape the WorldC．Driverless Cars: Bridging the Past and PresentD．Driverless Cars? What History Teaches UsCoral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 16Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generatetoxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. 17Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 18 Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century.Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.19 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck.20 It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear.A．This can cause a coral’s death.B．But there are grounds for optimism.C．And they host a quarter of marine species.D．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.E．This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.二、完形填空This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run thehistoric place and catering to the thousands of tourists. The staff is also 27 wildlife monitoring and environmental data collection.Applicants are warned there’s not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly 28 . The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of 29 annually for the post. The candidates are mainly 30 to the post office, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real 31 for her. “Even though the job can be hard at times, there’s a real sense of community. You’ve got to 32 , because you can’t get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of 33 ,” she said. “Besides that, what you can achieve here is 34 . The total experience offers both a different 35 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet.”21．A．centre B．aim C．position D．unit 22．A．events B．characteristics C．virtues D．requirements 23．A．persuades B．instructs C．encourages D．hires 24．A．Set B．Separated C．Located D．Pointed 25．A．serves B．transforms C．turns D．survives 26．A．tastes B．roles C．talents D．backgrounds 27．A．in favor of B．in need of C．in possession of D．in charge of 28．A．paid B．welcome C．challenging D．respectable 29．A．professions B．reactions C．applications D．orientations 30．A．invited B．devoted C．drawn D．contributed 31．A．lesson B．joy C．effort D．shock 32．A．get along B．show off C．break through D．give in 33．A．loneliness B．eagerness C．looseness D．togetherness 34．A．consistent B．potential C．rewarding D．demanding 35．A．entrance B．attitude C．answer D．introduction三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。