对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读理解真题指导
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读长难句解析1
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读长难句解析1本文针对历年考博英语真题长难句部分进行详解，希望对2015年考博的同学提供一点帮助。
1.The American economic system is,organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumerslargely determine what shall be produced by spending their money inthe marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand ofindividual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen tomaximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize theirincomes,that together determine what shall be produced and howresources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)3.If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity resultsin reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offeredby seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permitmore consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院考博真题-参考书-分数线-复习方法-育明考博
对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院考博指导与分析一、对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院考博资讯从2014年开始，除专职教师和专职科研人员外对外经济贸易大学不在招收以在职方式攻读的博士研究生，仅招收全日制脱产博士研究生，所有被录取的考生均须将档案迁入对外经济贸易大学管理。
本年度国际经济研究院拟录博士研究生5名，专业目录中各招生专业各方向所列招生人数均为初步意向人数，具体招生人数将根据生源状况确定，此数据仅供参考。
考试科目中2201经济学基础包括宏、微观经济理论（占70%）和数学（占30%）。
（一）考试科目及各方向导师：1.020105世界经济研究方向01：国际投资与跨国经营。
导师分别是桑百川、隆国强、华晓红、庄芮、蓝庆。
研究方向02：国际经济合作与区域经济一体化。
导师分别是桑百川、隆国强、华晓红、庄芮、蓝庆。
研究方向03：世界经济体系与世界贸易组织。
导师分别是桑百川、隆国强、华晓红、庄芮、蓝庆。
研究方向04：经济全球化与中国经济贸易发展。
导师分别是桑百川、隆国强、华晓红、庄芮、蓝庆。
研究方向05：国际政治经济关系。
导师分别是桑百川、隆国强、华晓红、庄芮、蓝庆。
考试的科目：（1）1101英语（100%）。
（2）2201经济学基础（100%）。
（3）3303世界经济（100%）。
（二）复试须知1.复试方案：（1）坚持标准统一、程序公开、择优录取、宁缺毋滥的原则；（2）实行差额复试，按130%-150%的比例进行差额复试；总成绩=初试分数（满分300分）+专家组面试（满分100分）+导师对考生评价（满分100分）含专业素质40分，综合评价60分；专家组面试和导师对考生评价及格分均为60分。
（3）按总绩从高分到低分确定拟录取名单，报学校研究生招生领导小组审批。
2.复试内容：（1）所报研究方向的理论和实务；（2）英语问答，内容包括外语听力水平和口语水平测试；（3）前期科研成果，专业课和学术潜力。
3.考核方法：（1）考生介绍个人学习和工作情况，攻读博士期间的学术研究构想，时间不超过5分钟；（2）考官根据考生的陈述提问，考生即问即答，时间不超过所5分钟；（3）英语问答。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语新题型及其解析
对外经济贸易大学考博英语新题型及其解析There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co.ltd，one ofthe six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__railwaysystem.In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to usereal-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawinginterest.In a plan called“Station Renaissance”that it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shopsand restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for theinformation age.It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for suchgoods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet.In acountry where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about16million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company__10__.So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumersextra travel and missed home deliveries.JR East already has beenusing its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans tocreate__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.The company also plans to introduce__14__cards—known in Japanas IC cards because they use integrated circuit Geng duo yuan xiaozhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi erliu qi ba wu san qi for__15__information__16__train tickets andcommuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating theminto a/an__18__pass.This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems.Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.1.[A]perspectives[B]outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles2.[A]creatively[B]originally[C]authentically[D]initially3.[A]displayed[B]demonstrated[C]embarked[D]unveiled4.[A]go beyond[B]set out[C]come around[D]spread over5.[A]applications[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances6.[A]districts[B]vicinities[C]resorts[D]locations7.[A]acquired[B]purchased[C]presided[D]attained8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants[C]dwellers[D]boarders9.[A]for[B]in[C]of[D]as10.[A]figures[B]exhibits[C]convinces[D]speculates11.[A]deprives[B]retrieves[C]spares[D]exempts12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department[D]ornament13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated14.[A]clever[B]smart[C]ingenious[D]intelligent15.[A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]accommodating16.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of17.[A]but for[B]as well as[C]instead of[D]more than18.[A]unique[B]single[C]unitary[D]only19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrink答案1.C2.A3.D4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.C20.A总体分析本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新计划。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题重点语法总结
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题重点语法总结考博英语是一项很复杂的工程，构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考博英语中的基础是什么呢?毋庸置疑，对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。
语法基础不好，想要在考博英语中获取高分是不太可能的，倘若你的基础还不够好，育明教育建议2015年的考生务必扎扎实实，攻克语法关。
对于考博英语来说，在语法的构造上有其自身的特点，实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解，所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。
这样我们才能做到有的放矢，各个击破考博英语中的语法难点，为顺畅解题做好铺垫。
育明教育考博英语教研室的专家们对历年考博语法进行了重点总结，希望对广大2015考博学子有帮助。
需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
一、虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
第二点：动词的时态。
考博中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。
是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as“all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.(2005年TEXT1)这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。
that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
二、省略省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。
按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读真题解析
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got whatyou paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media–such astelevision commercials and print advertisements–still play a majorrole,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create"earned"media bywillingly promoting it to friends,and a company may leverage“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocustomers registered with its Web site.In fact，the way consumersnow approach the process of making purchase decisions means thatmarketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyondconventional paid media.过去，市场营销的成功诀窍简而言之就是一分钱一分货。
然而时过境迁。
虽然传统的“付费”(paid)媒介，比如电视和广播广告、平面广告和路边广告牌等，仍然扮演着重要角色，但企业如今还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。
比如，痴迷于某种产品的消费者，可能会乐意将之推荐给朋友，从而为企业创造因产品的优良品质带来的“无偿”(earned)媒介。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读长难句解析5
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读长难句解析5本文针对历年考博英语真题长难句部分进行详解，希望对2015年考博的同学提供一点帮助。
71.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notesthat a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarianofficer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and thento find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and theweights of the officers,"Pluff!Pluff!"A hundred and eighty-fivekilograms."[参考译文]但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。
72.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry ofwomen into the male-domiated job market have limited theopportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavypersonal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan"s rigid social ladderto good schools and jobs.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) [参考译文]战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.问答题The (A) fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed (B) with which scientific discoveries are (C) translated into technological applications (D) attest to the triumph of human efforts.【答案】B；“with”改为“at”。
【解析】考查固定搭配。
句意：现代技术的惊人成就和科学发现转化为技术应用的速度证明了人类努力的胜利。
句中“with which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“speed”，因为有固定搭配“at the speed”表示“以……的速度”，所以将B项的介词“with”改为“at”。
2.问答题Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, white-water rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark archways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such an ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their opinion might be something like this: “I wish it hadn’t happened, but I’m a better person for it.”reports of disaster; there is a built—in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half of the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved.In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis（2） check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement-trying to swallow, for example- was excruciating. Even the pressure of her check on the pillow was almost unbearable.Cyr is no wimp-diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of two, she’d endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she’d have to kill herself.As her sleepless nights wore on, though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awesome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. “I felt stripped（3）everything I’d ever identified myself with,” she said six months later. “Everything I thought I’d known or believed in was useless-time, money, self-image, perception that was so forcing.”Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. But as her physical strength came back, she did not return to her old way of being as a feisty, demanding “sex-in-the-City, three-inch-stilettos-and-fishnets” girl. Now quieter and more tolerant, she makes a point of being submissive in a tum-the-other cheek kind of way. Cyr still takes a pharmacopoeia of drugs every day, but she says there’s no question that her life is better now. “I felt I had been shown the secret of life and why we’re here, to be happy and to nurture other life. It’s that simple.”Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, says Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term “post-traumatic growth”，His studies of people who have endured extreme events like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath. They are preoccupied with the idea that their lives have been shattered. A few people are haunted long afterward by memory problems, sleep trouble and similar symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But Tedeschi and others have found that for many people—perhaps even the majority life ultimately becomes richer and more gratifying.Something similar happens to many people who experience a terrifying physical threat. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is tom away. Our everyday life scripts---our habits, self-perceptions and assumptions-go out the window, and we’re left with a raw experience of the world.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms（4）the new reality, usually takes conscious effort. Being willing and able to take on this process isEventually, they may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined. Survivors often say they become more tolerant and forgiving（5）others, capable of bringing peace to formerly troubled relationships. They say that material ambitions suddenly seemed silly and the pleasures of friends and family became paramount-and that the crisis allowed them to reorganize life in line with the new priorities. People who have grown（6）adversity often feel much less fear, despite the frightening things they’ve been through. They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. “People don’t say that what they went through was won derful,n says Tedeschi. “They weren’t meaning to grow from it. They were just trying to survive. But in retrospect, what they gained was more than they even anticipated.”In his recent book Satisfaction, Emory University psychiatrist Gregory Bens points to extreme endurance athletes who push themselves to their physical limits for days at a time. They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors; self-loss, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. For ultramarathoners, who regularly run 100-mile races that last more than 24 hours, vomiting and hallucinating are normal. After a day and night of running without stopping or sleeping, competitors sometimes forget who they are and what they’re doing.But the feeling of mastering extraordinary difficulty makes up for it, reports Honolulu businessman Randy Havre. Havre, 51, found this feeling near the summit of Mauna Kea nearly 10 years ago. He was nearing the end of a 44-mile race that took him from sea level to the top of the volcano-a vertical ascent of 13,766 feet. He was on his way to setting the unofficial world record for the climb, but the high elevation was starting to get（7） him.“When you get to about 10,000 feet, things tend to get a little weird because of the swelling a nd pressure on your brain,” he says. “Above that, it gets exponentially weirder. I remember busting out crying at 12,000 feet. But if you can finish these things, you know; Hey, I can get through this stuff. You were able to hang（8）there, and you’re stronger for that.”The emotional reward can compensate for the pain and difficulty of adversity. This perspective does not cancel（9）what happened, but it puts it all in a different context: that it’s possible to live an extraordinarily rewarding life even within the constraints and struggles we face. In some form or other, says King, we all must go（10）this realization. “You’re not going to be the person you thought you were, but here’s who you are going to be instead- and that turns out to be a pretty g reat life.”Fill in each blank in the article with an appropriate preposition (介词).Read the article carefully and explain the meaning of the words according to the context. tribulations (in paragraph 2)adversity (in paragraph 2)withdrawal (in paragraph 3)excruciating (in paragraph 3)wimp (in paragraph 4)aftermath (in paragraph 7)gratifying (in paragraph 7)exponentially (in paragraph 14)According to Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University North Carolina in Charlotte, there is a phenomenon called “post-trauma growth”. What does it mean?【答案】1.考查介词搭配。
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读理解习题12
对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读理解习题（12）Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners.Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements，as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology.If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other：the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain，the other by trying to break into a market which isn‘t big enough to sustain it.examdaTechnology transfer works in a growing market，where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion.The airliner market is not such a device.Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next20years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales.It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales，their sales must come from substitution，not expansion.Given the complexity of today‘s airliners，it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer.In the short term，such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant：most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.In the short term，it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air–frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such a China，Taiwan or Korea，while retaining the design，development and marketing of aircraft for itself.It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not heed the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills（like computing）at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing.（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft.An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base，the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.1.The author‘s attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depicted as________.A.positiveB.progressiveC.conservativeD.negative2.“The airliner market is not such a device”means that the airliner market_______.A.does not encourage technology transfer.examdaB.is too limited to offer chances of successC.requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devicesD.is full of competitions even for new entrants3.Established manufacturers search for partners in order to_______.A.save the cost of the airframeB.improve some aircraft componentsC.save the cost of labourD.develop new technology4.According to the author，a wise established manufacturer should______.A.try to benefit from both financial and technical resourcesB.break up his partnership with the East once profits are madeC.keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airlinersD.collaborate with Asian partners for a short time5.The word“base”in the last paragraph represents_______.A.a production placeB.the initial operation of building aircraftC.a research instituteD.a position where to start building答案：CDADA本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
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对外经济贸易大学考博英语阅读理解真题指导In the early1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players
in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet.
If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of42.
The bodies playing major professional sports have changed
dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing
to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer
frames.
The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized
reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically
about two inches taller now than140years ago,today's people-
especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many
generations-apparently reached their limit in the early1960s.And
they aren't likely to get any taller."In the general population today,
at this genetic,environmental level,we've pretty much gone as far
as we can go,"says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright
State University.In the case of NBA players,their increase in height
appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting
players from all over the world.
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of20,demands
calories and nutrients-notably,protein-to feed expanding tissues.
At the start of the20th century,under-nutrition and childhood
infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved,children
and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch
and a half every20years,a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height-5′9″for men,5′4″for women-hasn't really changed since1960.
Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs."There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,"says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change,but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C.Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensures that90percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident."
31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to
[A]illustrate the change of height of NBA players.
[B]show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..
[C]compare different generations of NBA players.
[D]assess the achievements of famous NBA players.
32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?
[A]Genetic modification.
[B]Natural environment.
[C]Living standards.
[D]Daily exercise.
33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
[A]Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.
[B]Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.
[C]Americans are the tallest on average in the world.
[D]Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.
34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future
[A]the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.
[B]the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.
[C]genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.
[D]the existing data of human height will still be applicable.
35.The text intends to tell us that
[A]the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.
[B]human height is becoming even more predictable.
[C]Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.
[D]the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.
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