2020年高考英语二轮复习：动词时态、语态和主谓一致
高考英语谓语动词的时态、被动语态和主谓一致
高考英语谓语动词的时态、被动语态和主谓一致考点1 谓语动词的时态一、谓语动词时态的种类1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成1)一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:2)be的变化:am,is,are。
3)have的变化:has,have。
(2)一般现在时的用法2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的构成1)一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:2)was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。
3)注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:规则变化是直接加-ed,如play→played;不规则变化是把y 改为id,如:pay→paid,say→said。
(2)一般过去时的用法3.一般将来时(1)一般将来时的构成(2)一般将来时的用法4.现在进行时(1)现在进行时的构成：is/am/are+现在分词(2)现在进行时的用法5.过去进行时(1)过去进行时的构成：was/were+现在分词(2)过去进行时的用法6.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构成：has/have+过去分词(2)现在完成时的用法注意(1)瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。
如:他参军3年了。
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.(√)He has been in the army for 3 years.(换动词)(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.(换时态)(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(换句型)(2)部分瞬间动词(词组)与延续性动词(词组)对应表7.过去将来时(1)过去将来时的构成(2)过去将来时的用法8.将来进行时(1)将来进行时的构成：will/shall be doing(2)将来进行时的用法9.过去完成时(1)过去完成时的构成：had+过去分词(2)过去完成时的用法10.现在完成进行时(1)现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been doing(2)现在完成进行时的用法二、谓语动词时态的呼应1.主将从现2.含宾语从句的句子的时态一致问题(1)宾语从句中的动词时态常受主句谓语动词时态的制约,如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句中的谓语动词可以不受影响。
高考英语二轮总复习 核心语法必备 专题一 谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)
cook, draw等, 常与well, easily,
这件衬衫不好洗。
smoothly等副词连用
open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常 The drawer won't lock.
与won't, can't, wouldn't 连用
这个抽屉锁不上。
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
意义 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, 单
一致 enemy, party, crew, audience, committee, government, majority, 复
原则 group等强调整体时谓语动词用单数, 指个体成员时谓语动词用 数
代词
单个的动词-ing形式、动词不定式或主语从句
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
原则
主语
谓语
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
有生命的集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词, 如goods,
stairs,
arms等
复数
山脉、群岛、瀑布等以-s结尾的专有名词
重点三 主谓一致3原则
原则
主语
谓语
语法 单数
单数
一致 原则
复数
复数
就近 一致 原则
由or, either... or..., neither... nor...,
not only... but (also)..., not... but... 等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上 保持一致
高中英语 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致精讲
（3）表示人的“观点” “看法” “建议” “态 度” “评价”等词、“活动的目的”以及客观 事实时，常用一般现在时。
A good medicine __t_a_s_te_s__(taste) bitter. Our geography teacher told us that the earth __g_o_es_(go) around the sun.
2
（2）用于状语从句代替一般将来时 在when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 等引 导的时间状语或条件状语从句，谓语动词是将来 时通常用一般现在时代替。 “主将从现”
If he succeeds(succeed), he will be the hero of human beings.
Terry and his wife were tidying up their new home busilyw_h_e_n_ the light suddenly went out.
I was about to go out w__h_e_n the telephone rang.
9
6.现在完成时 构成形式： 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词
4
2.一般过去时 构成形式 did
表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.
注意：一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连 用.如: yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, the other day也常和when, if 等 引导的状语从句连用.
10
So far, it has turned (turn) the most influential student activity in the world.
2020届高考英语小题狂练1：时态、语态及主谓一致单句填空+语法填空
2020届高考英语小题狂练1：时态、语态及主谓一致单句填空+语法填空技巧点拨当句子缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。
此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。
具体解题技巧如下：第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词。
第二步：根据语境确定时态。
第三步：观察主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。
第四步：要注意主谓一致。
常考考点小题狂练1.【2019·全国I卷】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2.【2019·全国I卷】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements3.【2019·全国 II卷】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years.4.【2019·浙江卷】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody_____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).5.【2019·浙江卷】 One study in America found that students' grades ______ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.6. 【2018·全国卷I I】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _____（grow）more corn than rice.7. In US high school, everything (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations.8. As you go through this book, you ________ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.9. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________ (leave) my book in the cafe.10. Shirley ________ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.11. It was the second time that we _____ (see) her.12. Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom____ (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years.13. At this time tomorrow we_________ _ (fly) over the Atlantic Ocean.14. The father as well as his three children ____________ (go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.15. Engineers (set) up over 15,000 sensors (传感器) nationwide and wiring them into a web.16. The treatment continued and finally the deep, bloody pain ______ (be) 100% healed.直击考题passage1“extreme sports”, which we might have seen on a magazine or a website, 1 (be) becoming more and more common as the concept of extreme sports gains 2 (popular). But what are extreme sports on earth?During the 1970s and 1980s, the term was used for sports with high risks 3 (involve). Today, however, the sports also include activities that give a feeling of adventure without 4 (necessary) putting a participant’s life in danger. For every extreme sport, there is professional equipment that has been developed 5 (protect) your body, improve your performance and give you 6 advantage in the competition.Extreme sports cover a wide range. Some 7 (develop) from familiar activities so far, like mountain biking, climbing and drag race. Some may not be well known. For instance, bouldering is a kind of rock climbing 8 no rope is used. 9 usually takes place in an area with large rocks or in climbing center.Nowadays, such sports have become more popular 10 young people all over the world than ever before.passage2medieval cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, one of France's 1 (famous) landmarks. Thousands of people gathered in the streets around the cathedral, watching the flames in silence, some of 2 could be seen crying. Watching such a symbol of French culture burnt and its spire destroyed is extremely 3 (shock) to any French person.No other site represents France like Notre-Dame, which 4 (receive) almost 13 million visitors each year, more than the Eiffel Tower. The Eiffel Tower, is a little more than a century old 5 Notre-Dame has stood tall above Paris 6 1200s. It has given its name to one of the country’s literal 7 (masterpiece). Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre-Dame is known 8 me French simply as Notre-Dame de Paris．The three large rose windows 9 (destroy) by the fire. 10 (fortunate), the main structure, including the two bell towers, has been saved. Also, the most valuable cultural relics have survived the fire. The last time the cathedral suffered major damage was during the French Revolution. It survived two world wars largely in good condition.passage3【2019-2020年吉林省长春市普通高中高三上学期质量监测（一）】Since July 2019, China’s online food-delivery platform Eleme___1___ (carry) out a new service of picking up garbage from its users in Shanghai.The service comes after___2___recently-released regulation on waste management in Shanghai. Individuals ___3___throw away their garbage without being sorted out can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies and ___4___ (organize) can face fines up to 50,000 yuan.The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort ___5___ (they) own garbage before it ___6___ (pick) up by workers from Eleme, who will ensure the waste is disposed of in the correct garbage bins.It’s obvious that this service is ___7___ (convenience) to the old, especiallyto the disabled customers. ___8___, many netizens on Sina Weibo don’t think Eleme is providing a wonderful service, saying it just wants ___9___ (make) money. They think 12 yuan for an order is too much. Besides, many more people doubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing ___10___the trash.1.【答案】are【解析】考查主谓一致。
高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练：专题03 有提示词之动词时态、语态和主谓一致 (新高考通用)
专题03 有提示词之动词时态、语态和主谓一致养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
目录考点归纳 (1)考点01 动词时态 (1)考点02 动词语态 (3)考点03 主谓一致 (5)高考练场 (6)考点01 动词时态 (6)考点02 动词语态 (7)考点03 主谓一致 (8)考点归纳考点01动词时态【考点诠释】英语时态总计有16种，但常常考查的时态只有五、六种：包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时，一般将来时等等。
单独考查时态的题型也不多，时态经常和语态、主谓一致同时考查，这样就增加了考试的难度。
另外，学生也要重点注意一般过去时和现在完成时、一般过去时和过去完成时的区别，还要注意一般现在时、现在进行时表将来的情况。
无论如何，在判断句子的时态时一定要看准时间状语和表示时间概念的副词（短语），这些都是判断的关键所在。
一般过去时态和现在完成时的区别：①现在完成时是表示过去的动作与现在的联系，主要说明的是现在的情况和状态；而一般过去时则强调动作发生在过去某一时间，与现在不发生联系。
①现在完成时表示从过去发生一直持续到现在（包括现在）的某个动作或状态，与现在有关的时间状语连用，一般过去时表示过去某一特定（与现在无关）的时间，与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。
过去完成时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为”助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调”过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
2020届人教版高考英语二轮复习课件 时态、语态与主谓一致答题技巧(共25张PPT)
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. (2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定 式前需加to(位置不变)。
(4)常用一般过去时的句型。 Why didn't you think of that? I didn't notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn't recognize him. 3．现在完成时考点分析
Everything is in a complete mess，which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 (2)主语后跟有with，together with，as well as， like，but，except，along with，rather than， including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的 数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughte全国卷Ⅱ)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need. is改为was__ (2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) During my last winter holiday，I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. find改为found
第05讲动词的时态语态和主谓一致(讲)高考英语二轮复习(全国通用)(教师版)
第05讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（讲）【考纲考情】谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致是历年高考的必考点也是高考的重点。
高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时，将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。
主谓一致通常考查语法一致、就近一致和意义一致原则。
应特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。
谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，改错题和书面表达中。
【考点梳理】谓语动词时态和语态的构成一、动词时态的一般体一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态；一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态；过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作。
所谓一般体，表示既不“进行”，又没“完成”。
（一）、一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成(1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es，其变化规则如下表所示：(3)have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。
2．一般现在时的用法(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
①Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
②These oranges taste good.这些桔子味道很好。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语法部分专题三重难点课时第1讲谓语动词时态语态和主谓一致教学案
专题三考点通关
第1讲谓语动词(时态、语态和主谓一致)
无论在语法填空还是短文改错中，动词的考查都是高考的必考点和重难点，在解答有关动
词类的试题时，考生必须要分清是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，一个句子无论主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，对于语法填空来说，如果句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，对于短文改错来说，则主要是时态、语态的错用或主谓不一致。
无论是语法填空还是短文改错，一旦我们判定为谓语动词时，都要综合考虑时态、语态和主谓一致的情况，因为这些都是紧密联系在一起进行考查的，都是高考的设
题点。
考点感悟。
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2020年高考英语二轮复习第一讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式：1. Since the United Nations declared June 21 the International Day of Yoga in 2014 , many cities in China_______(start)hosting international yoga festivals.【答案】(现在完成时）have started【解析】句意：自从联合国在2014年宣布6月21日为国际瑜伽日以来，中国的许多城市已经开始举办国际瑜伽节。
此处since(自从……以来）引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，句子主语cities是复数形式，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。
2. Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty______(mark) some significant successes.【答案】(现在完成时）has marked【解析】由时间状语Over the past decade可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时，主语a global push是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。
3 . The twins , who _______ ( finish ) their homework , were allowed to play badminton in the playground.【答案】(过去完成时）had finished【解析】此处表示这对双胞胎完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球（过去式）之前，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。
4. It is the first time that I______(punish) students.【答案】(现在完成时）have punished【解析】考查固定句型中的时态：It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. ;It/This/That was the first time that sb. had done sth.。
5.While _________(pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother being ill ,so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and _______(leave) Hangzhou for Beijing【答案】(现在分词）picking;(一般过去时）left【解析】句意：在摘茶叶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他右边的袖子里，离开杭州去了北京。
第一空所在句省略的主语he和pick之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。
第二空，由and 可知此处与put是并列谓语，故填left。
6. Shelley received early education at home and later, at the age of 12, _________(admit) to Eton College, which has a long history of more than 500 years, (date) back to the 15th century.【答案】(一般过去时的被动语态）was admitted;(现在分词作伴随状语）dating【解析】第一空，由and可知，此处与前面的谓语动词received并列，且admit与主语Shelley之间为动宾关系，表示“被录取”，故用被动语态。
第二空作伴随状语，用现在分词形式。
7. What you say - the actual words you use-________(account) for only 7 percent of the message.【答案】(主谓一致）accounts【解析】此处表示你所说的话实际只占信息的7%。
从句"What you say"作主语，谓语动词用单数，且根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时。
8.There are many differences between China and India when it comes to how yoga_______(practice ).【答案】(一税现在时的被动语态）is practised【解析】此处yoga是从句的主语，和practise之间是宾关系，结合语境可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
9.To improve your memory, you need to take an active role. Like your body, your memory can_________(strengthen) through exercise.【答案】(含情态动词的被动语态）be strengthened【解析】此处表示像你的身体一样，你的记忆力可以通过锻炼来增强。
分析句子可知，can后要用动词原形，而your memory与动词strengthen之同量动宾关系，故用被动语态。
含情态动词的被动结构是“情态动词+be done"。
10.I________(do)my homework when someone knocked at the door.【答案】(过去进行时）was doing【解析】考查固定句型：be doing...+when sb.did,表示"正在......这时……”。
11. Would you please keep silent? The weather report_________ (broadcast). I want to listen.【答案】(现在进行时的被动语态）is being broadcast【解析】句意：你能安静点吗？天气预报正在播报。
我想听。
根据句意可知，谓语动词用现在进行时的被动语态。
12. Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that_______(leave)in the parking lot.【答案】(一般过去时的被动语态）was left【解析】此处表示可怜的Perkins先生不得不耐心地等着直到他的车是唯一一辆停在停车场的那一刻。
这里的one指代car,that引导定语从句，修饰the only one;that作定语从句的主语，与动词leave构成动宾关系，因此要用被动语态，再结合前面的had to和was可知，这里应用一般过去时的被动语态。
13(2019陕西咸阳一模，61)A representative who (see)his performance before thought he could replace another star who intended to leave.【答案】.had seen【解析】句意：以前曾看过他演出的某位代表认为他可以代替另立打算离开的明星。
设空处在定语从句中作谓语动词，根据主语语动词thought以及从句中的时间状语before,可知从句谓语发生在“过去的过去”，故从句用过去完成时态。
14.(2019新疆乌鲁木齐二诊，63)It_(be)a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading. 【答案】has been【解析】句意：自从8世纪和9世纪的国王们停止贸易以来，这就成为一个传统。
根据since引导的时间状语从句可知主句用现在完成时态15.(2019黑龙江哈尔滨三中一模，70)Additionally,the kinds of facial make-up(脸谱）_____(be) the most particular art in Peking opera.【答案】are【解析】句意：此外，在京剧中脸谱的种类是最为特别的艺术。
分析句子结构可知，主语为the kinds of facial make-up,因为在陈述事实，故句子用一般现在时态。
16.(2019陕西汉中一模，42)That was the first time that I (notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.【答案】.had noticed【解析】句意：那是我第一次注意到中餐中肉和蔬菜的新鲜味道。
在That is/was the first time that...句型中，当前面为is时，that从句用现在完成时态；当前面为was时，that从句用过去完成时态。
根据句中的was 可知that从句用过去完成时态。
17.(2019黑龙江大庆质检三，62)It is said Lu Ban,who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period, (invent) the kite.【答案】.invented【解析】句意：据说鲁班发明了风筝，他生活于春秋时期。
根据语境可知，鲁班发明风筝发生在过去，故用一般过去时态18.(2018东北三省三校一模，62)Especially famous is the wall built in 220-206 BC. Little of thatwall (remain).【答案】.remains【解析】句意：尤为著名的是建于公元前220年到206年之间的那段长城。
现在它已所剩无几。
设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据语境可和此处说的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时态，主语为第三人称单数，故填remains。
remain vi.剩下；留下。
19.(2018黑龙江哈尔滨三中一模，70)According to the letter,the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (help) to promote"equality for all children in the next generation".【答案】.will help【解析】句意：根据这封信件，“扎克伯格——陈计划”将有助于促进“下一代的所有孩子的平等”。
根据句意以及in the next generatio可知“帮助”为将来的动作，故用一般将来时。