Henry VIII
HenryVIII 亨利八世
Archbishop
Cranmer declared that
his marriage to Catherine was unlawful and accepted his new wife，Ann Boleyn， as Queen．
Henry‘s family trouble did not end with his marriage to Ann
His interest was “girls and hunting”，he
spoke three foreign languages．
He was a first－class horseman and
musician．
He was a clever politician who trusted
He sent her home，cut out Cromwell's head， and married a beautiful girl called Catherine Howard． But she too was unfaithful，so her head followed Cromwell’s．
Boleyn. She bore him a daughter，Elizabeth，but was unfaithful to her husband. After three years , Henry cut off her head．
His next wife，Jane Seymour， died In giving birth to his son Edward.
When the eighteen－year－old Henry Ⅷ（1491－1547） became King of England , he was extremely popular，for he had all the qualities that his people admired．
英文版—你对亨利八世了解多少？
The Biography:Henry VIII ( June 28, 1491 January 28th 1547), England Henry VII's second son, the Tudor Dynasty second king. He is also the Lord of Ireland, and later became king of Ireland.The young king burly, strong spirit of bold, brave, versatile. He received a good education since childhood.The influence of Henry VIII by the feudal aristocracy old traditions are deep. He spend a lot of time in the tournament, the Knights and nobles hunting, recreation, do not want to deal with daily affairs.The Background:The influence of the Renaissance, culture, religion, legal profession, the emergence of a group of emerging bourgeois humanist and reformer. At the same time, the Catholic Church in the Church of Rome as the center, still maintain a strict control and the highest authority of Western European countries. In Britain, the old aristocratic church remains in the central and local dominance of Henry VIII. It is in this situation, in 1509 to the throne.The major events:First,the storm has also been marriage of Henry VIII after another. He has married 6 wives, all no good results.Henry's early continue against France, United Spanish foreign policy, succession, and his young brother Arthur's widow, the Spanish Princess Aragon married Catherine.Since 1522 , Henry VIII has sent troops to the invasion of France, and Charlie V to provide military spending, in order to support the huge expenditure depleted originally ample reserves, Henry VIII had held a council tax, and cable donations.He also took Welsh into England during his reign. Henry is the greatest impact on future generations of the English Reformation. Parliament from 1529 to 1536, with the eight session, in Cromwell and other reformers instigated, a religious reform through a series of acts of Parliament.Such as the Act of Supremacy.Henry VIII to divorce and marries the new queen and the Catholic Church in Rome that will implement the reformation, enemies, and through some important bill, allow yourself to marries another woman, and then made the Archbishop of the Episcopal Church of England, the English Church from the Church of Rome, he became England's supreme leader, and the dissolution of the monasteries, the British the royal power therefore reached the peak.At the same time, he used corporal punishment, slave labor and the execution of such bloody means, the brutal repression of the Rangers. The punishment of vagrants, resettlement of labor, levy relief tax, the maintenance of public order and management of local administrative and judicial affairs authority is handed over by the squire served as magistrate and parish clerk, so they replaced the emperors and popes, become the central rule the tool in place.Henry VIII in his later years in domestic and foreign policies had no contribution. He tried to control Scotland without success, with heavy war with France in 1542 to 1546 years. Based on the large scale of Taxation, borrowing to maintain the war, no success, just bring financial bankruptcy, soaring prices, currency devaluation, the confiscation of the Royal Abbey estate, most was sold to the hands of the new aristocracy and bourgeoisie.Henry VIII's serious illness, the mood of depression and paranoid irritable. He came to realize that the anti reform is a greater threat to arrest of its leader, the Duke of Norfolk, ready to kill, but did not perform, so Henry VIII died in January 28, 1547 in Windsor.The influence：Advantages:Henry VIII reigned for 38 years, on the one hand ,social economic status, during which the British political system, culture, ideology, all religions have great changes. Although the strength of the emerging bourgeoisie, is the fundamental reason for the changes, but as an absolute monarch, Henry VIII conform to the trend of the times and play his role. Reform is the most radical of all the British monarch and the most decisive.On the other hand,the British Protestant countries into a unique and full of vitality, the British economic and political power from the church moved to the nobility, the social effect is very far-reaching.Disadvantages:the reformation, especially the confiscation of large Abbey estate, brought a profound social revolution. The royal family because of the financial demand and political support, a large number of real estate sold or donated to the new aristocracy and commercial bourgeoisie, the emerging forces get rich religious reform, become vested interest. They engage in enclosure, increase rent away, tenants, resulting in a large number of homeless peasants, social order is turbulent.And during the reform, more than 70 thousand people were killed, about 2% of the British population at that time.。
Introduction of Henry VIII and Religion Reform 亨利八世和宗教改革
Henry's family trouble did not end with his marriage to Ann Boleyn. She bore him a daughter，Elizabeth， but was unfaithful to her husband．After three years, Henry cut off her head．
Effects:
1.Strengthened Henry’s position
2.The importance of Parliament （议会） grew 3.England was moving from Catholicism（天主教） towards Protestantism（新教）
3.The privilege and wealth of the clergy(神职人员) wecess
1.Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine but Pope refused 2.He dissolved all of England’s monasteries (修道院 ) and nunneries 3.He established the Church of England ws: the act of appeal (Statute in Restraint of Appeals, 1533), the various Acts of Succession (1533, 1534, and 1536), the first Act of Supremacy(最高治权法案 )
Comment
• Henry VIII and his family • Marriages of Henry VIII • More information about Henry VIII • Religion reform: reasons, nature and effects
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII.Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of England. He changed religious ceremonies and rituals and suppressed the monasteries, while remaining a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry also oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts1535–1542.Henry was an attractive and charismatic man in his prime, educated and accomplished. He ruled with absolute power. His desire to provide England with a male heir—which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly because he believed a daughter would be unable to consolidate the Tudor Dynasty and the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses—led to the two things that Henry is remembered for today: his wives, and the English Reformation that made England a Protestant nation. In later life he became morbidly obese and his health suffered; his public image is frequently depicted as one of a lustful, egotistical, harsh and insecure king. Henry is famously remembered for having six wives—two of whom he had beheaded—which helped to make him a culturalicon, with many books, films, plays, and television series based around him and his wives.亨利八世，英国都铎王朝第二任国王，也是爱尔兰领主，后来更成为爱尔兰国王。
Henry Ⅷ and Reform of the Church
• 亨利八世所做的消除了教皇对英国内政的干涉， 他还广泛的让英国人去读圣经。这导致许多英国 人批评牧师和教会的教义 。都引起了对进一步改 变的广泛需求。
6.改革成果的继承和发展
• Edward Ⅵ who carried out drastic religious change, he switch to protestant theology and his drastic reform has been called “The Reformation” in English history. • 爱德华六世进行了非常显著的宗教改变。 他转向了新神教学。他显著的改革在英国 历史上被称为“宗教改革”
6.改革成果的继承与发展
• Marry Tudor , became the Queen after the death of Edward Ⅵ ,married Philip Ⅱof spain and tried to restore Roman Catholicism in England. So many people who was against were persecuted. About 300 Protestants were burnt as heretics and Marry became known as “Bloody Marry” . • 玛丽在爱德华六世去世之后成为了都铎王朝的女 王,嫁给了西班牙的菲利普二世，试图在英国恢复 罗马天主教。很多反对的人受到迫害。大约300 新教徒被烧死异教徒和结婚后来被称为“血腥玛 丽”。
About Marry
• 亨利八世和凯瑟琳的 女儿玛丽继位（15531558在位）。她与西 班牙国王腓力二世结 婚，并同罗马教廷重 新联合。
亨利八世
Henry VIII’s six marriages
西班牙公主凯瑟琳
• 亨利八世18岁即位并娶寡嫂凯瑟琳， 但他妻子只为他生了一个女儿玛丽 (后来的玛丽一世)
阿拉贡的凯瑟琳（Catherine of Aragon）
安妮· 博林（Anne Boleyn）
珍· 西摩（Jane Seymour） 克里维斯的安妮（Anne of Cleves） 凯瑟琳· 霍华德（Catherine Howard） 凯瑟琳· 帕尔（Catherine Parr）
• Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, theDissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church.[1] Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542.
亨利八世与英国国教
亨利八世与英国国教亨利八世（Henry VIII）是英格兰历史上一个备受争议的君主，同时也是与英国国教发展密切相关的重要人物。
在他的统治下，英国国教成为了英格兰的主要宗教，取代了天主教的统治地位。
本文将从亨利八世与教宗冲突的背景开始，详细讨论他如何建立了英国国教以及对英格兰宗教历史的深远影响。
首先，我们需要了解亨利八世与教宗冲突的背景。
16世纪初，欧洲正处于宗教改革的时期，马丁·路德（Martin Luther）的行动引发了一系列改革运动，反对教宗的统治和教会的腐败。
英格兰作为天主教信仰的中心，亨利八世发现教宗对他的权威提出了挑战，导致了英国国教的诞生。
在亨利八世统治之初，他是虔诚的天主教徒，曾经为了迎娶第一任妻子凯瑟琳·阿拉贡（Catherine of Aragon）而与教宗勾结。
然而，当凯瑟琳未能给亨利生下男性继承人时，亨利开始怀疑他们的婚姻是否合法。
他认为自己的婚姻不受上帝的祝福，因此决定寻求废婚。
然而，教宗不同意废除他们的婚姻，这引发了亨利八世与教宗的冲突。
在这个关键的时刻，亨利八世寻求解决方案，他转向英国的法律专家和神职人员，解决废婚问题。
最终，亨利八世的法律团队提出了一个新的观点，主张英国国王应该是英格兰国教的最高领袖，不受教宗的控制。
这意味着英国可以独立决定自己的宗教信仰和事务。
在1534年通过的《至尊法令》（Act of Supremacy）中，英国国会宣布亨利八世为英格兰国教的至高领袖，不再承认教宗的权威。
这一举措为英国国教的建立奠定了基础，同时也打破了英格兰与罗马教廷的联系。
亨利通过废除修道院和大主教管区，转移教会财产，并任命自己的信徒出任教会职位，进一步巩固了他对国家宗教的控制。
建立英国国教对英格兰带来了深远的影响。
首先，宗教改革的推动促使了英格兰社会的繁荣和发展。
废除修道院带来的财富转移为王室和贵族创造了更多的财富，并推动了英国法律、文化和教育的改革。
Henry VIII and his six wife 亨利八世和他六个妻子
阿拉贡的凯瑟琳（Catherine of Aragon）王后
1509年6月11日结婚，1533年取消婚姻 死于1536年1月6日
未命名的女儿 1510年1月31日 流产
亨利 (康沃尔公爵) 1511年1月1日—— 1511年2月22
日 未命名的儿子 1513年11月—— 1513年11月 亨利 (康沃尔公爵) 1514年12月—— 1514年12月 玛丽一世1516年2月18日—— 1558年9月13日 1554年嫁西班牙腓力二世；无后代 未命名的孩子 1518年11月10日—— 1518年11月10日
凯瑟琳· 霍华德（Catherine Howard）王后 1540年7月28日结婚；1541年离婚；1542年2月13日
被处死 曾是玛丽一世年轻时代的侍女，曾积极奉劝玛丽 原谅父亲亨Байду номын сангаас，可是这并不奏效，玛丽一直坚持 己见，而后凯瑟琳嫁给了亨利八世，成为他第五 位王后，但终因政治上的纷争，顾虑，亨利八世 不得不将其判为乱伦罪处死 没有子女
珍· 西摩（Jane Seymour）王后 1536年5月30日结婚；1537年10月25日产后十
二天去世 爱德华六世 1537年10月12日—— 1553年7月6 日 没有结婚
克里维斯的安妮（Anne of Cleves）王后 原为德国公主，1540年1月6日结婚；1540年
离婚；死于1557年7月17日 传说这位女王面貌丑陋，生性传统，信奉路 德教，亨利八世曾对这位新王后充满期望， 可似乎，安妮的到来让亨利八世更为失望。 没有子女
安妮· 博林（Anne Boleyn）王后 1533年1月25日结婚；1536年5月19日被处死 伊丽莎白一世1533年9月7日 ——1603年3月
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
His interest was “girls and hunting”，he
spoke three foreign languages．
He was a first－class horseman and
musician．
He was a clever politician who trusted
And his people remained loyal to him through all the difficult years of the Reformation．
thoroughly 彻底地，完全地 adv. Reformation 宗教改革
When Henry became King of England , he married
When the eighteen－year－old Henry Ⅷ（1491－1547） became King of England , he was extremely popular，for he had all the qualities that his people admired．
Catherine , the daughter of the King of Spain and widow of his elder brother． She gave Henry a daughter，Mary， but all her sons died at birth. But Henry badly needed a son to
friends．
Unfortunately she was neither well-educated nor beautiful．
He sent her home，cut out Cromwell's head， and married a beautiful girl called Catherine Howard． But she too was unfaithful，so her head followed Cromwell’s．
accepted Henry as its head．
Archbishop
Cranmer declared that
his marriage to Catherine was unlawful and accepted his new wife，Ann Boleyn， as Queen．
council 委员会 n. archbishop 大主教 n.
Henry's family trouble did not end with
his marriage to Ann Boleyn． She bore him a daughter，Elizabeth，but was unfaithful to her husband． After three years , Henry cut off her head．
His next wife，Jane Seymour，
died In giving birth to his son Edward.
His secretary Cromwell then brought him a foreign wife，Anne of Cleves， to please his German
follow him．He began to feel that God
had not approved of his marriage and Pope had been wrong to allow it． Pope 教皇 n.
In seven years , The Church Council
parliament and made full use of it．
Politician 政治家n . Parliament 国会，议会 n.
Most important of all ，he thoroughly understood the hearts and minds of his
people．
His sixth and last wife， Catherine Pars ，was a wise and gentle girl , but she had no children．
Anne of the Thousand Days