ArcCatalog读书笔记
汤总镇读书笔记

汤总镇读书笔记Today I want to share with you some of my thoughts on the book "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. 今天我想和大家分享一下我对哈珀·李的《杀死一只知更鸟》这本书的一些想法。
First of all, I was deeply moved by the character of Atticus Finch. 首先,我深受阿提克斯·芬奇这个角色的感染。
He is a lawyer who is dedicated to fighting for justice and defending the innocent, even in the face of extreme prejudice and racism. 他是一名致力于为正义而奋斗,捍卫无辜者的律师,即使面对极端偏见和种族主义。
Atticus serves as a moral compass for his children, teaching them the importance of empathy and understanding. 阿提克斯为他的孩子们树立了良好的榜样,教导他们理解和同情的重要性。
His unwavering belief in doing what is right, regardless of the consequences, is both inspiring and thought-provoking. 他不动摇地相信做正确的事情,不考虑后果,这既激励人心也发人深省。
The book also delves into the issue of racial injustice, portraying the harsh realities of segregation and discrimination in the deep south of the United States. 这本书还深入探讨了种族不公的问题,描绘了美国南方严酷的种族隔离和歧视现实。
《故事形态学》读书笔记

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------《故事形态学》读书笔记《故事形态学》读书笔记 The magic tale formula of the wolf -- story morphology reading notes Text / Zhang three or four I. brief introduction The famous Russian folk art expert Vladimir Propp’s story? Ya? morphology (1928) is a milestone in the field of the type of narrative works. His ideas and theories had a direct and far-reaching influence on the later structuralist scholars, such as Grey Maas, Todorov, Bremond and others. The original intention of the story morphology is to investigate the form and determine the regularity of its structure in the field of folk tales. According to the story of Afanasyev by the 100 Russian magical story form of comparative analysis, found from the structure factors of the magic of the story, namely the 31 function, and the relationship between the function of the combination of law, they and their relationship with the overall. Jia put translation of Chinese publishing house in 2006 version of the story is the magic morphological income story derived magical story structure research and historical research in the spring of 1965 to commemorate the speech three articles. The evolution of magical stories prompts Propp’s next research work: from the1 / 10structural study of magical stories to historical studies. The result is a book on the historical roots of magic tales. The study on the structure of history and magic of the story is responded to Strauss’s criticism of Levi?. This article can be read directly on the strong dissatisfaction of being misunderstood. Two, P ropp’s magical story formula In the preface, Propp pointed out that the morphology is on the form of the doctrine, in Botany, morphology refers to all about plant parts, concerning the relationship between these components and the theory of the relationship between them and the overall. He believes that the term story morphology can be created by drawing on the research methods of botany. Plant morphology will classify thousands of plants in the world, and story morphology will do the same: classify colorful stories and present them with wonderful consistency. In the first chapter problem in history, Propp said: the correct classification is one of the first scientific description. The correctness of the next study depends on the correctness of the classification. However, the existing classification of stories often undermines the simplest rules of classification. For example, the story is divided into magical content stories, daily life stories, animal stories. But there are fantastic stories and---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ animal stories. Another example wendte division, the story is divided into seven categories: myth fable, pure magic story, life stories and fables, pure animal fables, origin stories, funny stories and fables, moral fable. In addition, there are ways to plot according to the plot. For example, Volkov put fantasy story into 15 episodes. Propp analyzed the 15 plots, saying that it could not be regarded as a scientific classification in the exact sense. The story classification is not satisfactory because of the problems of previous research methods. The research methods are stated in the second chapter loplop materials and methods. First, Suppose there is a special sub class story, that is, the magic story. The research object is locked in a magical story on propp. What exactly is a magic tale? It is defined at the end of this book. Secondly, Propp narrows down the research scope to the stories of Afanasyev in the 100 Russian fairy tales. The exact way to describe the story, Propp says, is to see the constant and variable factors. In these 100 magical stories, the names of the characters and their objects are changed, and their actions and functions are unchanged. The story often assigns the same action to different characters, which makes it possible for us3 / 10to study the story according to the function of the characters. Here’s the question, what is the function?. Propp defined said function refers to the role behavior definition from its course of action for sense. He gives four observations: first, the function of the characters serves as a stabilizing factor for the story; they do not depend on who will do it and how it will be done. They form the basic elements of the story. Two, the magical stories are known to be limited in terms of function. Three, the order of function items is always the same. Four all magical stories are made up of the same type. In the third chapter, according to the description of the story itself proppo magical order lists the 31 functions of the role of the 31 functions is so important, we often see in various citations, so it is necessary to refer to below: 1. a family member leaves home (out) 2. a prohibition (Prohibition) against the protagonist 3. break the ban 4. enemies tried to spy on the news 5. enemies informed of their victims 6. enemies try to deceive their victims to control his or his property 7. the victim was duped and unwittingly helped the enemy 8. enemies bring harm or damage to a member of the family One of the 8a. family members is missing something. He wants something (missing) 9. a disaster or defect is told to request or issue---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------an order to the hero, send him or allow him to proceed (mediation)10. the seeker agrees or decides to revolt (the original revolt)11. the protagonist leaves home (departure) 12. the hero has been tested, subjected to interrogation, attacked, and so on,to pave the way for him to gain magic or help (the first function of the giver) 13. the protagonist responds to the actions of the giver in the future (the protagonist’s response) 14. treasures fall into the master’s possession (the provision and acquisition of treasure) 15. the transfer of a hero, where he is sent or directed to the place of his search (moving between the two countries, leading the way) 16., the hero and head confrontation (confrontation) 17. mark the hero (print) The 18. enemy is defeated (defeated) 19. the initial disaster or deletion is eliminated (a disaster or deletion is eliminated) 20. return of the hero (return) 21. the hero is hunted (pursued) Twenty-two The hero was rescued from the chase 23. the protagonist returns home at an otherwise unknown position or arrives in another country (unaware of arrival) 24. fake hero put demands (demands) 25. to master gongchu problem (problem) 26. the puzzle is answered 27. the hero is recognized (recognized) 28. expose or expose a false hero or foe 29.,5 / 10the hero changed his face 30. the enemy is punished (punished) 31., the hero married and crowned king (wedding) In the fifth chapter, Propp analyzes several other parts of the story, namely, auxiliary elements (connecting elements) used in the relations between functional items and auxiliary elements accompanied by three elements. The linking component makes the story move from one function to the next. It is a set of information transfer systems. Three repetition is a repetitive or progressive component of a story. Reason is the cause of such or such behavior. For the protagonist, the cause of his behavior is often threatened or missing. In the sixth chapter, according to the role will be divided into functional prop head action ring, ring, help the donor action action ring, Princess (to find characters) and father’s action ring, the dispatch of the action hero action ring, ring, fake hero action circle. In the ninth chapter, to the amazing stories Propp made a definition: from the perspective of morphology, any one in tort or deletion, after the middle of some function after at the end of the wedding or other end function items, can be called a magical story. Another important concept in this chapter is the turn, and Propp does not give it a definite definition, but it can be summed up in the text: a round is two pairs of function---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ items. Typical rounds, such as: 21. the hero is hunted (pursued) 22. the hero was rescued from the chase (rescued) As well as: 25. to master gongchu problem (problem) 26. the puzzle is answered Propp gave them a Russian alphabet, each listing the 31 items of the magic story. In the ninth chapter, he arranged the letters into a horizontal axis in accordance with the narrative of the story. Defined in terms of Saussure’s structuralist linguistics, this horizontal axis can be viewed as a combination of successful energy terms. Each letter on the cross axis can be replaced by a finite number, and the functional item used for replacement can form an aggregation relationship. In this way, the 100 Russian magic stories in the Afanasyev tales are abstracted into a magic story formula. Three, the misunderstanding of Propp The research object of Propp lock in the Afanasyev tales in 100 Russian magical story, but people seem to ignore this point naturally or half unconsciously, Levi? Strauss said that Propp’s conclusion is not suitable for literary creation. Propp very bluntly said: Professor Strauss Levi quoted me as saying?, My conclusion is not applicable or hunaud Wallis Goethe’s story and generally doe s not apply to the writer’s art story, he cited these words7 / 10against me, I think that in this case the conclusion is wrong. But there is nothing wrong with these conclusions; they simply do not have the kind of overarching significance that my respected critics want to give them. (the story morphology P182) are the 31 function students mechanically, for the analysis of Hollywood movies, it is very far fetched. Some readers even think that reading this book can be used directly formula to guide creation, it is more funny. Study on the Propp important than his conclusions, but his method. It’s a widely used method of analyzing thousands of stories, and perhaps hundreds of formulas. We can feel that most Hollywood movies come from the same pattern, in this way, to find the Hollywood formula hidden behind these movie stories. So, does this mean that the story will lose its meaning? In this regard, Propp in the magic tale of historical roots, said: the story is not rich in the structure, but in a variety of ways to achieve the same structural factors. (the historical roots of the magic tales.) P49 Four, starting from Two problems of loplop: First, he does not specify what criteria are used to distinguish one function from another. For example, Levi? Strauss believed that the paired function is a function that they be made one. In this way, the Puzzle and solution should be regarded as a function---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ item, not two. Propp explained that the feature pairs is performed by different people, it should be regarded as the two function rather than a. But I think that Levi? Strauss’s question is justified. Not only to distinguish function Propp action as the standard, and take the actor as the standard, it is inevitable to bring difficulties in later studies. The standard problem of functional differentiation is actually the question of what is the smallest unit of meaning. In order to solve this problem, the later narratology did not take much effort. For example, Thompson’s motif, Levi? Strauss’s structure, Carl Jung’s protot ype. However, what is the smallest unit of meaning in a story that has not been solved today?. Second, his conclusion is not general enough. Although Propp used some Russian letters, the story is abstracted a magic formula story, like mathematics and science, but his research content and form are mixed together, the Russian letters and formula is actually like decoration, but to show the author to science near the desire. In the book, the historical roots of the magic tales, the alphabet system was completely abandoned. The result of the mix of content and form is far from generality. Based on the study on the character of9 / 10Grey Maas Propp, according to the abstract action element model, namely six functions, divided into three components complement each other: subject / object, Messenger / trustee, Assistant / rival. We have seen the action mode in Greimas Propp’s seven action clues in the circle. And let me conclude this article with the evaluation of Propp’s narrative in the Baidu encyclopedia: Although the study is Propp narrative -- a special form of fairy tales, but he used a method of analysis of story units and the relationship between the analysis of the other narrative style has an important reference value. Its major breakthrough was in the fact that he established the most important basic factor in the story - function, which provided the possibility to study the narrative according to the function of the characters and their connections. As a result, a new path has been explored for narrative structure and factor analysis. At the same time, he simplified the movements in the story into a sequence of combinations, beyond the surface of the empirical description, so that narrative research more scientific. Its contribution is enormous, although he out is the first step, but the first step is the creation of the world.。
飞屋环球记英语读后感八年级

飞屋环球记英语读后感八年级The animated film "Up" by Pixar is a heartwarming and thought-provoking story that captivates audiences of all ages. As an 8th grader, I found myself deeply moved by the film's exploration of themes such as friendship, adventure, and the importance of living life to the fullest.At the center of the story is Carl Fredricksen, a retired balloon salesman who has spent his entire life dreaming of adventuring to the wilds of South America. After the death of his beloved wife Ellie, Carl decides to fulfill their shared dream by tying thousands of balloons to his house and floating away. However, he soon discovers that he has an unexpected and enthusiastic young stowaway – an energetic young Wilderness Explorer named Russell.The dynamic between Carl and Russell is the driving force of the film's narrative. Initially, Carl is gruff and resistant to Russell's presence, viewing him as an unwanted intrusion on his solitary quest. However, as the two are forced to work together to overcome the various challenges they face, they begin to form an unlikelyfriendship.One of the most poignant moments in the film is when Carl finally opens up to Russell about the loss of Ellie. The scene is a powerful testament to the healing power of human connection, as Carl is able to find solace and comfort in sharing his grief with someone who is willing to listen and empathize.As an 8th grader, I found this exploration of grief and loss to be particularly impactful. The film's portrayal of the way that Carl's memories of Ellie both comfort and haunt him is a nuanced and realistic depiction of the grieving process. It serves as a reminder that even in the face of overwhelming sorrow, there is still the potential for growth and healing.Another aspect of the film that I found deeply compelling was its sense of adventure and exploration. The journey that Carl and Russell embark on to the wilds of South America is a thrilling and visually stunning adventure that captures the sense of wonder and discovery that comes with venturing into the unknown.The film's depiction of the lush and untamed wilderness of South America is a powerful reminder of the beauty and fragility of our natural world. As an 8th grader, I found myself captivated by the film's exploration of the ways in which human beings can bothappreciate and threaten the delicate balance of the natural environment.One of the most powerful moments in the film comes when Carl and Russell encounter a rare and endangered species of bird known as the "Snipe." The film's portrayal of the Snipe and the efforts of the villainous Charles Muntz to capture it serves as a metaphor for the larger struggle to preserve the natural world in the face of human greed and exploitation.As an 8th grader, I found this message to be particularly relevant and important. In a world that is increasingly dominated by technology and urbanization, it is easy to forget the importance of preserving and protecting the natural environments that sustain us. "Up" serves as a powerful reminder of the need to strike a balance between our desire for progress and our responsibility to the natural world.Overall, "Up" is a film that has left a lasting impression on me as an 8th grader. Its exploration of themes such as friendship, grief, and the importance of adventure and exploration has resonated deeply with me and has inspired me to think more deeply about the world around me.As I look to the future and the challenges that lie ahead, I am reminded of the film's message about the importance of living life tothe fullest and embracing the unexpected adventures that come our way. Whether it is embarking on a journey to the wilds of South America or simply learning to appreciate the beauty of the natural world, "Up" has shown me that there is always something new and exciting to discover.In conclusion, "Up" is a film that has left a lasting impression on me as an 8th grader. Its exploration of universal themes and its stunning visual storytelling have captivated my imagination and inspired me to think more deeply about the world around me. As I continue on my own journey through life, I will carry the lessons and insights of "Up" with me, using them as a guide to navigate the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.。
卡拉小巫的英语学习日记读后感

卡拉小巫的英语学习日记读后感Title: My Reflection on Reading Kara's English Learning DiaryAfter reading Kara's English Learning Diary, I am deeply impressed by her dedication and perseverance in learning English. Her daily records of learning experiences have inspired me to reflect on my own language learning journey and strive for improvement.Firstly, I admire Kara's proactive approach to language learning. She sets specific language goals for each day and diligently works towards achieving them. Her commitment to improving her English skills through regular practice and study habits is truly commendable. This has reminded me of the importance of setting clear and achievable language goals to guide my own learning process.Furthermore, Kara's willingness to step out of her comfort zone and challenge herself with new language tasks is admirable. She actively seeks opportunities to engage inreal-life communication with native English speakers, whether through language exchange meetups or online language forums. This proactive approach to practicing English in authentic contexts has encouraged me to seek similar opportunities to enhance my language skills.Moreover, I appreciate Kara's reflective attitude towards her language learning journey. She acknowledges her strengths and weaknesses, and constantly evaluates her progress to identify areas for improvement. Her openness to receiving feedback and constructive criticism from language mentors and peers demonstrates her humility and eagerness to grow as a language learner. I have learned the importance of self-reflection in language learning and the value of seeking feedback to enhance my language proficiency.In addition, Kara's passion for learning English is evident in her enthusiasm for exploring different aspects of the language, such as grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. She actively seeks out diverse learning resources, from textbooks and online courses to language learning apps and podcasts. This demonstrates her eagerness to broaden her understanding of English and develop a well-rounded language proficiency. I have been inspired to diversify my own language learning resources and explore new avenues for language acquisition.Overall, reading Kara's English Learning Diary has been a truly enlightening experience. Her dedication, proactive approach, reflective attitude, and passion for learning English have left a lasting impression on me. I am motivated to apply the valuable insights gained from her diary to my own language learning journey and strive for continual improvement. Kara's journey has taught me the importance of perseverance, determination, and a positive attitude inachieving success in language learning. I am truly grateful for the opportunity to learn from her experiences and am excited to embark on my own language learning endeavors with renewed inspiration and zeal.。
读后感 狼王座 作文提纲5年级

读后感狼王座作文提纲5年级【中英文实用版】Outline for Composition (Grade 5):I.IntroductionA.Briefly introduce the book "The Wolf King Throne"B.Express personal interest in the storyII.Plot SummaryA.Recount the main events of the storyB.Discuss the setting and main charactersIII.Themes ExploredA.Analyze the theme of leadership and responsibilityB.Reflect on the importance of friendship and loyaltyIV.Favorite Character and WhyA.Choose a character from the bookB.Explain the qualities that make this character memorable V.Personal ReflectionA.Discuss how the story has influenced or inspired the readerB.Relate the events of the book to personal experiences VI.ConclusionA.Summarize the main points of the reflectionB.End with a final thought on the value of the book一、引言A.简要介绍《狼王座》这本书B.表达个人对故事的兴趣二、故事概述A.回顾故事的主要情节B.讨论故事背景及主要角色三、探讨主题A.分析领导力和责任感主题B.反思友谊和忠诚的重要性四、我最喜欢的角色及原因A.选择书中一个角色B.解释这个角色为何令人难忘的品质五、个人反思A.讨论故事是如何影响或激励读者的B.将书中的事件与个人经历联系起来六、结论A.总结反思的主要观点B.以对书籍价值的最终思考作为结尾。
宇宙的边疆—读书笔记

卡尔·萨根(Carl Sagan,1934—1996)
美国人,曾任美国康奈尔大学行星研究中心主任,被称为“大众天文 学家”和“公众科学家”。他以对科学的热忱和个人巨大的影响力,引 导几代年轻人走上探索科学之路。 他对人类将无人航天器发送到太空起过重要的作用,在行星科学、 生命的起源、外星智能的探索方面也有诸多成就。他主持过电视科 学节目,出版了大量科普文章和书籍,其《伊甸园的飞龙》曾获得 普里策奖,电视系列节目《宇宙》在全世界取得热烈反响。主要作 品还有《宇宙联结》《宇宙》《布卢卡的脑》《被遗忘前辈的阴影》 《暗淡蓝点》《数以十亿计的星球》等。
写作借鉴
平实说明极具科学的准 确性。本文几乎在每个 天体空间的说明中都运 用了数字说明。否则人 们就对天体特征模糊不
清。
生动说明增强了文章的 可读性。大量的比喻把 人们难以想象的宇宙景 象生动地展现在读者面 前,增强了说明文的可
读性。
本文行文有很大的跳跃 性,但通篇又极具层次 感,这是电视解说词的 最大特点。它必须随时 随电视画面而改变说明
阅读思考
作者是按照什么顺序做介绍的,并归纳一下每个部分的主要内容。
从说明顺序上看,作者是按照空间顺序,由大尺度空间向小尺度空间推进介绍的。第一 部分介绍宇宙并说明人类探索宇宙的意义;第二部分介绍星系;第三部分介绍恒星;第 四部分介绍行星和太阳系;最后回归到人类的家园。
阅读思考
人类认识宇宙,是从地球开始的,为什么作者的解 说,不沿着人类认识发展的轨迹进行呢?
阅读思考
课文中有大段的议论和抒情,是否干扰了对宇宙的说明?
作为电视片的解说词,不仅要让观众了解宇宙的客观构成 和相关知识,还要表达人类对宇宙的主观认识和人类探索 宇宙的意义,这样才能感染观众,激发他们对宇宙的兴趣。 所以,议论和抒情不仅没有干扰介绍,反而使介绍更具科 学意蕴和人明,向我们展示了宇宙空间的 奥秘及天体的物理特征和遨游太空的收获,引发世人对宇宙 探索的兴趣,激发献身宇宙科学、造福人类的勇气和斗志。
读书笔记之阿古利可拉转

读书笔记之阿古利可拉转第一篇:读书笔记之阿古利可拉转读书笔记之《阿古利可拉传》还是一如既往的喜欢人物传记,不为别的,就是觉得完整,我能够从头到尾透彻地去看一个人,不管作者的喜怒,自有一番权衡。
开篇介绍了当时历史的大环境——罗马帝国盛极而衰。
时势造英雄,乱世出丈夫呀,我们生活在社会主义“五讲四美”和谐社会,我就只希望自己吃饱穿暖,健康成长,就像个幸福的庸人安享一生。
作者塔西佗【出生在一个高贵的旧贵族家庭里】古代西方史学家大多出身贵族,再不济都是一没落的豪绅。
内心愤愤的,出身又不是我决定的,它凭什么决定我的一生。
余杰说:“与其诅咒黑暗,不如让自己发光”,也对,这种高级的学者,还处在当时的社会,总得有点天赋和后天的硬件设备,如果慧根浅了,再学也是个白痴;如果配置低了,产品的质量估计有问题的会。
对于作者的生平总结下来不过以下几点:(1)他取了个好老婆,直接的让自己的事业踏上坦途;(2)他的政治立场鲜明的可以,深爱共和,痛恨专制;(3)胆子非常人的大,敢言善论的现实主义;(4)生时无法尽荣,死后托了薄伽丘的福为人们所熟知。
《阿吉利可拉传》传主是作者的老丈人,【阿古利可拉是完成并巩固罗马在不列颠的统治的人物,他的一生事迹和不列颠的关系至为密切】所以本书不仅仅是一本传记,也浓缩了不列颠的发展,而塔西佗作为女婿,也能接触到常人所无法看到的面,在他的笔下阿古利可拉有着丰富的肌理,鲜活的血肉。
凡事利弊参半,至亲的关系自然难免情感上有所偏颇,所以我要借一双慧眼来好好辨析一下。
【但作为一种史科来看,这部书并不是很成功的。
塔西佗对于地理和军事常识颇为贫乏】我对于地理和军事常识更贫乏。
【这部传记很好地反映了罗马人对于不列颠人的残暴统治和罗马官场中的一些黑暗面貌,它能使我们对奴隶制帝国的精神得到较深刻的体会。
这种价值是并不在史料价值之下的。
】不错,不错,正中下怀,“黑暗给了我黑色的眼睛,我用它来寻找不列颠”。
正文由此开始,【在我们这个时代中:风气之浊如此,对美德之存冷诮如此】文绉绉,酸溜溜,酸的我的小心肝一颤一颤的,就是喜欢这个范。
会滑雪的大角羊读后感

会滑雪的大角羊读后感## Grand Review of the Epic "The Skiing Ibex"English Response:"The Skiing Ibex" is a captivating masterpiece that weaves together elements of fantasy, adventure, and environmentalism. This enchanting tale invites readers onan extraordinary journey alongside an extraordinary protagonist: a skiing ibex named Archibald.Archibald, with his exceptional athleticism and unwavering determination, sets out to conquer the treacherous slopes of Mount Everest. Along his path, he encounters a diverse cast of characters, each with theirown unique motivations and aspirations. From the wizenedold sage to the cunning snow leopard, each encounter shapes Archibald's perspective and enriches the narrative tapestry.As Archibald navigates the perilous terrain, hewitnesses the delicate balance of nature and the fragilityof the environment. The story deftly explores themes of climate change, habitat loss, and the impact of humanactivity on the natural world. Through Archibald's eyes, readers are invited to reflect on their own relationshipwith the environment and the importance of conservation.The novel's exquisite prose, lyrical descriptions, and well-developed characters transport readers into the heartof the Himalayas. The author's vivid imagery and sensory details bring the icy peaks, towering cliffs, and pristine forests to life."The Skiing Ibex" is not merely a tale of adventure but also a poignant exploration of courage, resilience, and the indomitable spirit. Archibald's journey serves as areminder that even in the most challenging of circumstances, dreams can be realized through perseverance and a belief in oneself.## 中文回答:《滑雪角羊》读后感。
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第一章ArcCatalog简介欢迎使用ESRI ArcCatalog 软件,它将使地理数据访问和管理更为容易。
首先,将所操作的地理数据连接添加到Catalog中,可以连接本地磁盘上的文件夹、网上的共享文件夹和数据库,或地理信息系统(GIS)服务器。
建好Catalog后,就可以用不同视图查找所需要的数据和浏览查找的结果。
ArcCatalog对不同格式数据的处理方法是一样的。
它提供的一些工具可以帮助用户组织和维护数据。
对于一个制图者来讲,确保将正确的数据加入地图中一直都不容易。
但是,无论是分析管理个人数据,还是管理大型机构的数据,ArcCatalog 都可以使工作简化。
第二章快速入门教程ArcCatalog可用于浏览和管理数据。
连接数据后,即可使用Catalog浏览其内容。
当找到想要使用的数据后,可以将其添加到地图中。
通常获取到项目所需数据后,不能立即使用它,可能需要改变它的投影或格式,修改属性,或者将其他表中存储的属性与地理要素进行链接。
数据最终准备完毕后,需要把数据内容和所作修改存档。
这些数据管理的工作可以采用Catalog中提供的工具来完成。
第三章Catalog基础无论是查找指定地图,归档其内容,还是修改一个coverage,都可以在ArcCatalog 中完成。
在开始工作前,请阅读本章内容。
主要包括:ArcCatalog启动后可以看到什么,如何使用它浏览手头现有数据,解释如何使用在线帮助(提供了解ArcCatalog窗口中每个元素的信息)。
此外,帮助主题还提供逐步指导功能,为用户演示怎样完成任务。
第四章Catalog内容ArcCatalog集中了所有要用到数据的连接。
选中一个连接后,可以访问它链接的数据。
连接可以访问本地磁盘上的文件,网络上的数据库或一个ArcGIS服务器。
总的来说,这些连接创建了地理数据源的目录。
在目录中,单个的文件夹和Coverages都是数据项。
如果使用过ArcInfo Workstation,当提到一个coverage属性时,习惯使用术语item(数据项)。
本书中,item仅指Catalog树中的一个元素,例如文件夹。
本章简要描述了Catalog 中缺省显示的数据项。
要了解数据格式以及这些数据如何模型化地球表面要素的更多信息,参阅《Modeling Our World》一书。
ArcCatalog 支持的数据源可由程序员来扩充,以包含更多的数据格式,关于这方面的信息,可参阅《Exploring ArcObjects》。
第五章创建Catalog当用户首次打开ArcCatalog时,就会看到文件夹连接(folder connections), 它能让用户访问计算机本地磁盘上的数据。
不过,通常用户需要的数据不一定在本地计算机上。
用户可以通过连接到其它磁盘或网络上的文件夹,以及添加到数据库和互联网服务器的连接来建立自己的地理数据目录。
也可以添加文件类型和隐藏暂时不需要的数据项(item)。
当所有数据都集中在一个地方时,所能获得的就不只是一个清单。
它使查找数据更加简单。
因为用户可以用同一方式操作所有类型的地理数据源,而不管这些数据的格式,所以数据更易于管理。
第六章管理Catalog的内容使用Catalog树和Contents选项卡,可以对数据的组织情况有一个纵览。
Catalog 有许多内置功能可以使管理数据变得非常简单。
可以使用Windows标准的快捷方式来复制、移动、重命名及删除文件夹和数据库中的数据项(item)。
将数据从一种格式转换到另一种格式时,也有一些向导和工具可以使用。
使用ArcCatalog,可以很快知道很多关于数据源的信息而不仅仅是数据源名称。
Content选项卡提供了不同的方式来列出Catalog中各项内容。
可以看到用来说明地图和数据源内容的缩略快照。
也可以定制Detail视图中的列,这样可以在一起对比几个数据源的属性和元数据。
还有其他功能,如当使用栅格目录时具有查询功能。
无论是用来浏览添加到地图上的数据,还是管理ArcSDE地理数据库,ArcCatalog 都会是桌面上不可缺少的软件。
第七章浏览数据项的地理特征在ArcCatalog 中,不需要首先创建地图,就可以预览数据项(item)的地理数据。
如果用户并不知道所使用的地图是什么,即使记得地图的内容,也会很快忘记地图的名字。
现在用户可以在Catalog 中查看地图,并可以在ArcMap 打开之前确保该地图就是用户所需要的地图。
你是否曾看到不同名称的coverage实际上却包含几乎相同的数据?用户可以放大并漫游以获得地图要素的最佳视角,来确定哪个coverage含有最新的数据。
ArcCatalog中的Geography视图可以让用户快速确定要使用的是哪个地图和数据源。
第八章浏览数据表中的值在ArcCatalog中,用户可以确定数据源是否有特定属性或者是其值(value)是否正确。
可以根据一列或多列中的值对数据表中的记录进行排序,获得描述数据表中某列值的统计信息,或者在数据表中找到某个特殊的值。
在浏览值时,不用打开数据源的Properties 对话框就可以轻松地添加和删除属性。
Table视图让用户无需创建地图就可以学会很多有关数据表的信息。
第九章操作元数据元数据(Metadata)是对GIS资源的描述,类似于图书馆的卡片目录里一张用来概述某本书内容的卡片。
元数据包括属性和文档两个部分。
利用ArcCatalog的默认设置,用户只需要在Catalog树中点击数据项(item)并点击元数据选项卡即可创建元数据。
属性(Properties),例如shape文件的要素的范围,可以利用ArcCatalog从数据项自动得到并加入到元数据中。
文档(Documentation)则是利用元数据编辑器输入的描述性信息。
任何一个地理信息系统都不是孤立存在的。
对于工具、数据、地图等的共享,或者搜索所需要的资源是否已经存在等,元数据至关重要。
一旦找到某个资源,利用其元数据就能判断它是否如用户所需。
很多时候,仅仅只有属性或概要特征用户仍然无法做出判断,还需要知道更多的信息,比如数据的精度、是否过时以及在使用该数据时是否有其他限制等等。
如果文档存在,就可以解决这些问题。
ArcCatalog 中的任何数据项,包括文件夹和诸如Word文档之类的文件类型,都可以有元数据。
一旦元数据被创建,在ArcCatalog 或ArcInfo Workstation 中进行管理时,元数据就会随数据项一起被复制,移动和删除。
利用ArcCatalog 创建的元数据以XML 的格式存储,既能以文件的形式与数据项一起,也可以存放在其地理数据库(geodatabase)中。
对XML 数据的解释以及用于表达它的样式单(stylesheets),可以参见第四章“Catalog 内容”。
第十章搜索数据项有时候,用户知道数据存放的位置,而有时候不知道。
在网络共享文件夹中查找所需要的数据是相当耗费时间的。
利用Catalog的Search工具可以解决这个问题。
在Catalog 中可以通过它的名称和所包含的数据类型来搜索任何需要的数据项。
可以搜索地球表面特定区域的任何地理数据。
如果数据项是元数据,可以通过时间信息,例如数据发布的时间或关键字(如创建该数据的人名)来搜索。
Catalog 为已找到的数据项创建快捷方式并将这些快捷方式放到搜索结果列表中。
第十一章操作地图和图层利用ArcMap,能够构建、设计、查询和分析地图数据。
ArcCatalog的作用是帮助用户找到地图和定位想添加到地图上的数据。
向地图中添加数据,既可以从Catalog中拖放也可以使用添加数据对话框。
这时,ArcMap将参照源数据创建一个图层。
在修改了图层的标注和符号之后,可以将图层作为一个单独的文件保存起来,这样就能在其他地图上使用或者通过电子邮件将数据发给别人。
也可以直接在ArcCatalog中创建图层文件。
在操作ArcSDE地理数据库时,可以创建为其他人使用的图层并将其放在网络上的共享文件夹中。
如果不同的部门在各自的工作中需要使用不同的数据,则可以将客户化的图层放在单独的文件夹中。
公司中的其他人可以使用这些图层数据而不需要知道数据库中哪些数据表包含什么数据或者它们的属性是怎样和地理要素相关连的。
利用图层,人们可以把精力放在数据是什么而不是怎样去获得这些数据上。
第十二章操作Shape文件Catalog 可以让用户创建新的Shape文件和dBASE表,并通过添加、删除和索引属性来对它们进行修改。
也可以对Shape文件的坐标系统进行定义并更新其空间索引。
当在ArcCatalog中改变Shape文件的结构和属性时,必须用ArcMap来修改其要素和属性。
譬如,可以通过计算另一列的值来为一个新列添加值。
第十三章操作Coverages在使用ArcEditor(TM) 或ArcInfo时,用户可以用ArcCatalog来管理coverages。
用户正在使用的ArcGIS版本在ArcCatalog窗口的标题条中显示。
在ArcCatalog中可以建立coverage的拓扑关系、定义coverage的投影及设置其容限范围。
类似地,在ArcCatalog中也可以增加、变更及索引要素类和INFO表的属性。
使用ArcCatalog也可以通过创建关系类来定义一个文件夹中的coverage和INFO 表之间的关联关系。
当在ArcMap中编辑coverage 的要素时,如果coverage和某个INFO表存在关联关系,也可以同时编辑INFO表的属性。
在ArcCatalog中,如果多个coverage之间存在复合关系,那么当要素被移动时,其相关要素也会相应移动。
第十四章操作栅格数据栅格数据集包含许多不同类型的信息。
正射像片、卫星影像和数字高程模型正是许多栅格种类中的一些代表类型。
栅格数据集由像元的矩阵组成,每个像元表示一个区域,通常是一个地理位置并有一个数值。
像元的值代表了被观测对象的特征,例如,数字航空像片中的一个像元代表地球表面的反射光的总量,我们可以把它解译成树木、房屋、或者街道,而DEM中的像元值则表示高程。
一个栅格数据集通常作为一个可以增强地图信息内容或地图表示的背景显示在GIS中,或允许用户建立或编辑新的数据集。
ArcCatalog 允许用户管理、创建和预览栅格数据集和栅格目录。
本章将讨论在ArcCatalog中操作栅格数据及在ArcGIS环境中操作栅格数据集的格式、属性和特性的方法。
第十五章定制ArcCatalog开始使用ArcCatalog一段时间后,用户可能想定制反映自己偏好的界面。
无论是隐藏不用的工具条,还是修改工具条及其内容,或创建自定义工具条,用户都可以完成这些任务而无需编写一行代码。