霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne(英国文学版)
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霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne(英国文学版)
Symbolism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
The end ^_^
Themes : Evil & Sin
2) Black vision
Evil
Байду номын сангаас
exists in the human heart possesses some evil secret
Everyone Everyone Evil Sin
seems to cover up his innerost evil
Childhood:
Education: Friends:
a secluded life
Bowdoin College (1821-1825)
H. W. Longfellow & Franklin Pierce
1692,Trial of an accused witch in Salem
The Marble Faun ，1860《大理石雕像》
Famous short stories:
Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》
The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》
Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿》
Literary style
Setting Themes Feature Technique
《英美文学霍桑介绍》课件
孤独与创作
筆觸與想像
霍桑通常在独处的环境中创作， 他的写作桌上摆满了他的神秘 玩偶和旧照片。
霍桑的书写风格极富想象力， 他的文字充满了独特的魅力和 意象。
象征主义手法
霍桑善于运用象征主义的手法， 通过象征物和隐喻给作品注入 了深意。
霍桑的影响
霍桑的作品对美国文学和社会产生了深远的影响，他在文学史上扮演着重要的角色。
罪与赎
《红字》中艾丽西亚的遭遇和挣扎展现了罪 与赎的主题。
道德与良知
霍桑通过作品反思了人们的道德选择和内心 的良知。
自由与束缚
《七间小屋》中的人物们经历了自由和束缚 的斗争，展示了社会和个体的内在冲突。
黑暗与光明
霍桑的作品中充满了黑暗和光明之间的对抗 和纠结。
分析霍桑的写作风格
霍桑独特的写作风格使他的作品充满了戏剧性、浪漫主义和内省。
家族关系与影响
霍桑的家族背景以及家人对他 的影响是他创作的重要因素。
原生家庭中的早期经历
霍桑的早年经历和人际关系塑 造了他的个性和写作风格。
霍桑的文学生涯
霍桑的文学生涯充满了辛酸和辉煌，他的作品对美国文学产生了深远的影响。
1
《红字》的成功与转折
2
霍桑通过《红字》一举成名，但这也
为他带来了新的挑战和困扰。
霍桑与后现代主义
霍桑的作品中的主题和技巧 与后现代主义文学的思想紧 密相关。
社会隐喻与当代问 题
霍桑通过作品中的社会隐喻 和问题触及了当代社会和人 们的内心世界。
文学创新与实验
霍桑在文学创作中的创新和 实验影响了现代作家的写作 风格和思考方式。
结论：霍桑在美国文学中的地位
霍桑是美国文学史上的重要人物，他的作品和思想永远铭刻在美国文化的丰碑上。
大学英美文学《霍桑》英文介绍
The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Characters’ Name
Hester: Hestier, Hastier, women’s name-Star Arthur Dimmesdale: →AD →Adultery; Dim+Stale=bad luck Roger Chillingworth: cool / chilly; Roger ≈rogue（无赖）;
•He rejected the Transcendentalists’ transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature. •Sin and evil can be passed from generation to generation, evil educated. •He had a negative attitude toward science.
The Plot
Seven years later, pearls grew into a beautiful girl, and Hester again won the respect of others. Chillingworth also found that adulterer, the minister, Dimmesdale who was constantly subjected to mental torture.
•Cruel •Devious
Chillingworth
The Maker of the Scarlet Letter
The main characters discussion
Pearl
•Beautiful •Pure
纳撒尼尔·霍桑（NathanielHawthorne）的《通天铁路》
纳撒尼尔•霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）的《通天铁路》这篇附加的小故事是纳撒尼尔•霍桑于1852年在一本名为《雪景和其他故事新编》中发表的。
霍桑，19世纪最伟大的美国作家，以一部经典的英语散文集约翰.班扬John Bunyan 的《天路历程》The Pilgrim’s Progress中的一篇的形式写了《通天铁路》。
约翰.班扬（1628－1688）是一名英国清教徒传教士和作家。
他写了《天路历程》中大部分的文章，但因为在清教徒革命和奥利弗.克伦威尔（Oliver Cromwell）统治结束后随之而来的斯图亚特王朝的复辟时期拒绝使自己顺应官方的英国国教而被投入监狱。
《天路历程》是一部精心制作的宗教寓言。
在寓言中，主角，基督徒，抛弃了他在毁灭之城的生活开始了一段漫长、艰辛的旅途，决心到达天国之城。
他徒步旅行，肩上背负着重担（象征着原罪）。
他穿越了失望沼泽，经由柴门逃离了毁灭之城，经受了许多偏离通往天国之城的正确路线、动摇他信念的诱惑。
陪伴着基督徒的旅途，一位老于世故的先生试图劝阻他，而且由于福音传道者和广心先生的严厉干预，他数次获得了拯救。
他们指引迷茫的基督徒回到通往天国城的道路。
他克服了山峰高耸的困难挑战，用手中的剑打败了残暴的亚玻伦（Apollyon）（精神怀疑的恶魔），穿越了死亡阴影的峡谷，然后在空虚之城停留了一段时间。
在那里基督徒参观了集市和空虚集市的商业中心（以17世纪英格兰的大型夏季商业集市为模型），而那里也有一个同伴。
信徒，见证了一个殉教者的结局。
最终，基督徒成功地避开了托非特（地狱）之火，到达了以色列的土地。
在他渡过死亡河，然后进入天国城之前，这是一个令人愉快的休憩之地。
霍桑的叙事形式代表了一种更新的19世纪中期受班扬影响的美国视角和流行故事。
通天铁路The Celestial Railroad不久前，穿过梦幻的大门，我访问了世界驰名的“灭亡城”所在地，得知最近，一些热心公益的居民出力，在这座人口稠密兴旺发达的城市与“天城”之间，修筑了一条铁路，遂兴致大发。
Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑 简介
Nathaniel Hawthorne
(1804-1864)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Early Life
July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts
After father’s death in 1808, he lived with mother’s
relatives His great-great- grandfather, John Hathorne, was a crucial judge in the Salem Witch Trails, John Hathorne never repented of his wrong actions, which
Hawthorne felt shame about.
Hathorne Hawthorne
In1819, Hawthorne was sent back to Salem for school, and he made the written homemade newspaper which included essays, poems, and news In 1821, Hawthorne was sent to Bowdoin College
White Mountains in Plymouth,
New Hampshire Hawthorne was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts.
Reference
/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne /wiki/Sophia_Hawthorne
•Never really gets classified as a Transcendentalist.
(1804-1864)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Early Life
July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts
After father’s death in 1808, he lived with mother’s
relatives His great-great- grandfather, John Hathorne, was a crucial judge in the Salem Witch Trails, John Hathorne never repented of his wrong actions, which
Hawthorne felt shame about.
Hathorne Hawthorne
In1819, Hawthorne was sent back to Salem for school, and he made the written homemade newspaper which included essays, poems, and news In 1821, Hawthorne was sent to Bowdoin College
White Mountains in Plymouth,
New Hampshire Hawthorne was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts.
Reference
/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne /wiki/Sophia_Hawthorne
•Never really gets classified as a Transcendentalist.
Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑)
Hawthorne’s Writing Style
• A man of literary craftsmanship, extraordinary in • The use of symbol: symbols serve as a weapon to attack reality. It can be found everywhere in his writing. • Revelation of characters’ psychology: he is good at exploring the complexity of human psychology. There isn’t much physical movement going on in his works • The use of supernatural mixed with the actual
• His stories are parable(allegory)——to teach a lesson • Use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty——multiple point of view
Hawthorne’s major works
Байду номын сангаас
• 2) he was convinced that romance was the best form to describe America • The poverty of materials+the avoidance of offending the puritan taste—— romances rather than novels to tell the truth and satirize and yet not the offend
Hawthorne(5)霍桑简介
Famous
short stories:
Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》 The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》 Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医 生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿 》
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
Life Story Literary Characteristics Hawthorne’s influence Quotation
Life Story
Childhood Education Career
Childhood
Young Goodman Brown
.Story: Christians minister famous content dirty privacy astonished ,disheartened leave wife disappointed next morning real or dream hate neighbors wife Faith cynical man dead old
Analysis
Theme: 1. The hidden motivations of his characters. 2. The effect of hidden sin and secret guilt 3. Moral or immoral, right or wrong 4. Man was inherently evil in nature 5. Criticize the ideal Puritan society
《红字》中的人名寓意解析
《红字》中的人名寓意解析口河南大学大学外语教学部王玲摘要：在英美文学作品中，人物特殊的命名是一种常见的写作手法。
１９世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑在其代表作＜红字》中就运用了各种不同方法来为四个主要人物（ＨｅｓｔｅｒＰｒｙｎｎｅ。
ＡｒｔｈｕｒＤｉｍｍｅｓｄａｌｅ，ＲｏｇｅｒＣｈ越ｎ删ｏｒｄｌ，Ｐｅａｄ）命名。
从而让他们代表着善恶美丑等种种不同的道德寓意。
这些名字都蕴舍着作者为揭示作品人物性格和命运而煞费苦心为他们赋予特殊命名的苦心。
本文力图通过准确地揭示出这些人名的寓意来帮助读者更全面深入地把握作品的主题。
关键词：主题；象征意义；特殊命名；寓意在英美文学作品中．人物特殊的命名是一种常见的写作手法。
正如余江涛、张瑞德等编译的《西方文学术语词典》所言：“塑造人物有多种方法。
最简单的一种就是给人物命名。
每一个‘称呼’都可以使人物变得生动活泼、栩栩如生和富于个性。
有的给人物起绰号，有的根据人物的性格特征命名．有的根据人物外貌或生理特点等命名”。
在当年英国作家威廉．朗格伦的《农夫彼尔斯》和约翰．班扬的＜天路历程》这类宗教小说中，就曾把七大罪恶或人的品德变成具体人物登场。
美国十九世纪杰出的浪漫主义小说家霍桑在其代表作《红字》中所采用的象征比拟笔法则是在此基础上的创新。
为了让小说中的人物形象丰富多彩。
他采取了种种方法为四个主要人物（ＨｅｓｔｅｒＰｒｙｎｎｅ，ＡｒｔｈｕｒＤｉｍｍｅｓｄａｌｅ，ＲｏｇｅｒＣｈｉｌｌｉｎｇｗｏｒｔｈ，Ｐｅａｒｌ）命名，从而让他们代表着善恶美丑等种种不同的道德寓意。
这些名字都蕴含着作者为揭示作品人物性格和命运而煞费苦心为他们赋予特殊命名的苦心。
本文力图通过准确地揭示出这些人名的寓意来帮助读者更全面深入地把握作品的主题。
‘—’ＨｅｓｔｅｒＰｒｙｎｎｅ仅从女主角海斯特的名字——－Ｈｅ８ｔｅｒ．我们可以推测出她的形象和性格特征。
首先，看到Ｈｅｓｔｅｒ这个名字，读者．便会把她与希腊神话中宙斯的姐姐Ｈａｓｔｉａ联系起来。
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The
poverty of materials
Combined
the American romanticism with puritan
moralism.
Historical
fiction is used as a vehicle to express common themes of ancestral sin.
Career period
1936:
Editor Boston Customs House Salem Customs House “Wayside”, Concord United States Consul at Liverpool getting married and living at the Old Manse
Themes : Evil & Sin
1) Dark romanticism 阴郁浪漫主义
Anti-transcendental works from Melville,Hawthorne, and Poe all comprise the Dark Romanticism of literature popular during this time.
Childhood:
Education: Friends:
a secluded life
Bowdoin College (1821-1825)
H. W. Longfellow & Franklin Pierce
1692,Trial of an accused witch in Salem
Twice-told Tales ,1837《故事重述》
Mosses from an Old Manse ,1843《古宅青苔》
Four major novels
The Scarlet Letter ,1850《红字》
The House of the Seven Gables,1851《七个尖角阁的房子》 The Blithedale Romance ，1852《福谷传奇》
1839-1840: 1842:
1846-1849:
1952:Buying 1853-1857: 1857-59: 1860:
Rommerica
Major works
Two collections of short stories:
Early life Career period
Major works
Literary Style
Early life
Birth:
Early life
Salem, Massachusetts; July 4, 1804
Descendant
of Puritan ancestors :
(John Hathorne: Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692, 塞勒姆女巫审判案)
Literary style
Setting Themes Feature Technique
Puritan New England
Evil & sin
Ambiguity Symbolism, Psychological revelation
Setting : Puritan New England
seems to be man’s birthmark educates. intellect—source of evil
will eventually get punished
Evil
Overweening
★Sin will eventually get punished
The House of the Seven Gables is an appalling fictional version of Hawthorne’s belief that the “wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive ones.” (一代的恶行会延续至后代）
Themes : Evil & Sin
2) Black vision
Evil
exists in the human heart possesses some evil secret
Everyone Everyone Evil Sin
seems to cover up his innerost evil
★Evil educates.
Achievement
is “under the impact of and by engagement with evil”
经历过犯罪，受到其影响，人们才能有所成就
Man is better for the crime which brings about the fall. 人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
1.Great American Romantic Novelist bined the American romanticism with puritan moralism 3.Pioneering psychological novelist
The Marble Faun ，1860《大理石雕像》
Famous short stories:
Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》
The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》
Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿》
Symbolism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
The end ^_^
poverty of materials
Combined
the American romanticism with puritan
moralism.
Historical
fiction is used as a vehicle to express common themes of ancestral sin.
Career period
1936:
Editor Boston Customs House Salem Customs House “Wayside”, Concord United States Consul at Liverpool getting married and living at the Old Manse
Themes : Evil & Sin
1) Dark romanticism 阴郁浪漫主义
Anti-transcendental works from Melville,Hawthorne, and Poe all comprise the Dark Romanticism of literature popular during this time.
Childhood:
Education: Friends:
a secluded life
Bowdoin College (1821-1825)
H. W. Longfellow & Franklin Pierce
1692,Trial of an accused witch in Salem
Twice-told Tales ,1837《故事重述》
Mosses from an Old Manse ,1843《古宅青苔》
Four major novels
The Scarlet Letter ,1850《红字》
The House of the Seven Gables,1851《七个尖角阁的房子》 The Blithedale Romance ，1852《福谷传奇》
1839-1840: 1842:
1846-1849:
1952:Buying 1853-1857: 1857-59: 1860:
Rommerica
Major works
Two collections of short stories:
Early life Career period
Major works
Literary Style
Early life
Birth:
Early life
Salem, Massachusetts; July 4, 1804
Descendant
of Puritan ancestors :
(John Hathorne: Salem Witchcraft Trial in 1692, 塞勒姆女巫审判案)
Literary style
Setting Themes Feature Technique
Puritan New England
Evil & sin
Ambiguity Symbolism, Psychological revelation
Setting : Puritan New England
seems to be man’s birthmark educates. intellect—source of evil
will eventually get punished
Evil
Overweening
★Sin will eventually get punished
The House of the Seven Gables is an appalling fictional version of Hawthorne’s belief that the “wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive ones.” (一代的恶行会延续至后代）
Themes : Evil & Sin
2) Black vision
Evil
exists in the human heart possesses some evil secret
Everyone Everyone Evil Sin
seems to cover up his innerost evil
★Evil educates.
Achievement
is “under the impact of and by engagement with evil”
经历过犯罪，受到其影响，人们才能有所成就
Man is better for the crime which brings about the fall. 人在犯罪后才能更好的完善自己
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
1.Great American Romantic Novelist bined the American romanticism with puritan moralism 3.Pioneering psychological novelist
The Marble Faun ，1860《大理石雕像》
Famous short stories:
Young Goodman Brown(1835) 《小伙子布朗》
The Minister’s Black Veil (1836)《教长的黑纱》
Dr.Heidegger's Experiment(1837)《海德格尔医生的实验》 Rappaccini’s Daughter (1844)《拉帕奇尼的女儿》
Symbolism
The Scarlet Letter is usually regarded as the first symbolic novel to be written in the United States.
The end ^_^