上海市奉贤区2020届高三4月期中教学质量监测英语(二模)试卷(带详解)

奉贤区2019~2020年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试高三英语2020.05（本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Supermarket. B.Tailor's shop. C.Department store. D.Convenience store.2.A.200pounds. B.600pounds. C.300pounds. D.700pounds.3.A.Call the ticket office later. B.Order the tickets online.C.Not to buy the ticket on the Internet.D.Order the tickets when it's not busy.4.A.Borrowing money from a business company.B.Lending some money to a student.C.Asking for some financial aid.D.Reading students'application.5.A.The bed is to blame for his not falling asleep.B.He can fall asleep if he stops drinking.C.He can drink more to fall asleep easily.D.Drinking is good for sleeping.6.A.He is satisfied with the content. B.He feels sorry for it.C.He thinks it is valueless.D.He thinks it is valuable.7.A.Professor Smith spoke Greek when he explained the maths problem.B.The woman still didn't understand the maths problem.C.Unfortunately,she didn't hear Professor Smith's explanation.D.Professor Smith didn't explain the problem clearly.8.A.Collect papers for the man. B.Do the typing once again.C.Check the paper for typing errors.D.Read the whole newspaper.9.A.Proceed in his own way. B.Stick to the original plan.C.Negotiate with his colleague.D.Try to change his colleague's mind.10.A.His project proved to be unsuccessful. B.He was unable to get sufficient money.ck of land prevented his success.D.He was successful with his project. Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear several longer conversation(s)and short passage(s),and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s)and the passage(s).The conversation(s)and the passage(s)will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following talk.11.A.To guide and help children's play. B.To give children an opportunity to play.C.To make children excited.D.To keep children company.12.A.It determines the standard a child can reach.B.It is the happiest period during one's life.C.It is the most important time to shape one's character.D.It is the best time for children to learn new things.13.A.The relationship between play and learning.B.The way to help children develop both physically and mentally.C.The importance of children's play.D.Different stages of children's development.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.It tends to wander towards unpleasant experiences.B.It wanders for almost half of their waking time.C.It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.D.It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.15.A.To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.B.To observe how one's mind affects one's behavior.C.To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.D.To study the relation between health and daydreaming.16.A.Participants with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.B.The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.C.Non-daydreamers were more confused on their tasks than daydreamers.D.Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.Their average lifespan was less than50years.B.It was very common for them to have12children.C.They retired from work much earlier than today.D.They were quite optimistic about their future.18.A.Get ready for ecological changes. B.Adapt to the new environment.C.Learn to use new technology.D.Explore ways to stay young.19.A.When all women go out to work. B.When family planning is enforced.C.When a world government is set up.D.When all people become wealthier.20.A.Eliminate poverty and injustice. B.Migrate to other planets.C.Control the environment.D.Find inexhaustible resources.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Plants Scream in the Face of StressFor the first time,researchers appear to have evidence that like animals,those plants deprived of water or（21)______(force)to endure bodily harm can let out their pain.The study,(22)______has yet to be published in a scientific Journal,adds another dimension to scientists(23)______(grow)understanding of how plants detect and interact with their surroundings.In recent years,it has become very clear that plants are more sensitive than researchers (24)______think).They respond when touched by insects and turn toward sources of light." Plants are not just robotic stimulus-response devices,"said Frantisek Baluska of the University of Bonn in Germany."They're living organisms which have their own problems."Actually making their suffering hearable,however,is another matter entirely.(25)______（test)that possibility,a team led by Itzhak Khait,a plant scientist at Tel Aviv University in Israel, placed microphones capable of detecting ultrasonic frequencies(超声波频率)four inches from tomato and tobacco plants.The researcher then either stopped watering them or cut their stems.Measuring in the range of20to150kilohertz(千赫），the researchers found that even happy,healthy plants made the occasional noise.But when cut,tobacco plants emitted(26) ______average of15sounds within an hour of being cut,(27)______tomato plants produced25 sounds.（28)______researchers aren't yet sure how plants produce these sounds,Khait and his colleagues proposed one possibility in their paper(29)______as water travels through the plants'tubes,air bubbles will form and explode,producing small vibrations.All this"screaming"caused by stress wasn't in a range detectable by human ears.But organisms that can hear ultrasonic frequencies--like mice,bats or perhaps other plants--(30) ______possibly hear the plants cries from as far away as15feet.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.essentiallyB.roundC.stuckD.spiritsE.encouragingF.desperatelyG.strengthsH.frustratingI.spillingJ.collectiveK.sealedItalians find"Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety"It started with the national anthem.Then came the piano chords,trumpet blasts,violin serenades(小夜曲)and even the clanging of pots and pans--all of it(31)______from people's homes,out of windows and from balconies,and resounding across rooftops.Finally,on Saturday afternoon,a nationwide(32)______of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe's worst coronavirus outbreak.Italians remain(33)______under house arrest as the nation,the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus,has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.But the music and noise erupting over the streets,from people(34)______in their homes, reflects the spirit,resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War.To the extent that this is a virus that tries people's souls,it has also demonstrated the(35) ______of those national characters.In China,patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring(36)______needed food to the people of Wuhan,the epicenter of the outbreak.In Iran,videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep(37)______up.And in Italy,the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country's empty streets,while social media feeds fill with(38)______,sentimental and humorous web videos.Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised(使受瘀伤)from tightly (39)______masks have also spread across the web in recent days.Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title"It will all be OK."＂We're Italians,and loving singing is part of our culture,"said Giorgio Albertini,51,an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way"to feel a community,and to have the(40)______grief."III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Making choices is hard.That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has(41)______it from his life.As a rule,he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.This is(42)______by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)（a somewhat new, divisive field)at Northwestern University.As Business Insider describes,Cerf has extended his ideas--which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology,including ego depletion out--into a piece of advice that,to(43)______happiness,people should"build a life that requires(44) ______decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.On an instinctive level,Cerf's idea(45______:Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of(46)______people around them.One example Cerf furnishes is that,(47)______consistently ordering the second menu item,he never picks where to eat.Rather, he(48)______his decision to his dining partner--which friend he plans to eat with,probably one he trusts--and always lets them pick.While it's(49)______what,if any,scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more(50)______than liberating.An example from Quanta poits(假设）：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架），choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a(51)______.And,as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows,most of the time it is,(52)______you introduce more choices.When the participants were offered three candy bars(Snickers,Milky Way,and Almond Joy)they had no problem picking their favorite,but when they were given the option of one among20,including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their(53)______.When the choices were taken away in later trials,the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.As Quanta details,according to a model called"divisive normalization(分裂归一化），which has gained some popularity,the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options.So,if you have two things that are clearly(54)______brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear.When the choices are comparable,the brain does its best to focus on the distinctions between the two,but more choices (55)______that ability out.41.A.relieved B.released C.eliminated D.liberated42.A.influenced B.inherited C.implemented rmed43.A.maximize B.balance C.cherish D.seek44.A.safer B.fewer C.bette D.sounder45.A.stands out es into force C.makes sense D.plays a part46.A.distinguished B.trusted C.authorized D.honored47.A.in addition to B.instead of C.in spite of D.regardless of48.A.convers B.relates C.submits D.limits49.A.evident B.unclear C.critical D.inevitable50.A.confusing B.inspiring C.worrying D.appealing51.A.stressor B.no-brainer C.challenge D.headache52.A.after B.before C.when D.until53.A.preference B.struggle C.status D.direction54.A.impressive B.insignificant C.unique D.distinct55.A.crowd B.figure C.sort D.putSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A)One spring day,once the flowers have begun to open,a bee will hover(盘旋)and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table.While you're thinking about avoiding an attack,that bee is focused on something else entirely:me.A honeybee has about six weeks to live.Today,like most days,her task is to fly as many as three miles from home,stick her long,straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers.When the bee has had her fill,she'll fly home.There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers,who will relay it to another,and so on for about20minutes,until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb.Then she and her50,000or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night,flapping their wings to create hot,breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture.Several sunrises later,they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime,our bee may visit4,000flowers,and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year,in tea,on toast, and beyond.If I do say so myself,I am a timeless treasure.Literally--I never go bad.Unfortunately,my good health is not guaranteed.The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals,as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit.I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild.My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers,thus helping the bees,who give so much--to you,to me--without ever asking for anything in return.56.What does"me”refer to in the passage?A.The flower.B.The bee.C.Water.D.Honey.57.What is the2nd paragraph mainly about?A.Bees'special talent.B.Bees'hard work.C.Bees'living environment.D.Bees'social behavior.58.Which one of the following is true according to the passage?A.A bee will always prioritize attacking picnic lovers.B.Before“me”is sealed off in beeswax,the drying process can take a few nights.C.The lifework of a bee satisfies the average demand of an American consumer annually.D.Bees are more likely to visit those deliberately pest-controlled gardens.59.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To appeal for help for honeybees.B.To talk about the history of a treasure.C.To put forward techniques for gardeners.D.To argue against the control of chemicals.（B)Get Your Unlimited Card at Cineworld CinemasEnjoy Unlimited FilmsWatch all the films you want at any Cineworld for just onemonthly price.Being an Unlimited card holder gives you access toall the2D films you can handle for one monthly price.Watch whatyou want,when you want,as many times as you want.Plus,savemoney when watching films in3D and others.After you've beenwith us for more than I year we'll upgrade you to a Premium Cardand you'll get into3D films completely 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added to the end of your current subscription.You can earn a maximum of 12Free Months with your Recommend a Friend code,so recommend Unlimited to12friends and you could get a full year of free Unlimited cinema!60.The cinema names its membership card"Unlimited"because__________.A.one can have the benefits for good upon joining the membershipB.Cineworld members can enjoy as many2D and3D films as they like for freeC.it frees a member from any regular payment to the movie tickets at CineworldD.card holders can share limitless discounts and offers with friends and relatives61.Which of the statement is TRUE according to the passage?A.The benefits above are not available until the card is delivered.B.Premium card holders can have25%off at a licensed Starbucks.C.Whoever persuades6friends into Unlimited can enjoy a half year of free membership.D.A second year of investment is worthwhile if you are a cinema goer.62.This passage is probably written to__________.A.secure the loyalty of potential customersB.introduce the latest movies and discountsC.promote the popularity of Cineworld cinemasD.give away movie cards to readers for free（C)A rare hole has opened up in the ozone layer above the Arctic,in what scientists say is the result of unusually low temperatures in the atmosphere above the north pole.The hole,which has been tracked from space and the ground over the past few days,has reached record dimensions,but is not expected to pose any danger to humans unless it moves further south.If it extends further south overpopulated areas,such as southern Greenland,people would be at increased risk of sunburn.However,on current trends the hole is expected to disappear altogether in a few weeks.Low temperatures in the northern polar regions led to an unusual stable polar vortex(极地旋涡），and the presence of ozone-destroying chemicals such as chlorine(氯)in the atmosphere-from human activities-caused the hole to form.＂The hole is principally a geophysical curiosity,"said Vincent-Henri Peuch,director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service."We monitored unusual dynamic(动态的）conditions,which drive the process of chemical depletion of ozone.Those dynamics allowed for lower temperatures and a more stable vortex than usual over the Arctic,which then triggered the formation of polar stratospheric(平流层的)cloudsand the catalytic(催化的)destruction of ozone."The hole is not related to the Covid-19shutdowns that have dramatically cut air pollution and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.It is also too early to say whether the unusually stable Arctic polar vortex conditions are linked with the climate crisis,or part of normal stratospheric weather variability.Peuch said there were no direct implications for the climate crisis.Temperatures in the region are already increasing,slowing the depletion of ozone,and the hole will start to recover aspolar air mixes with ozone-rich air from lower latitudes.The last time similar conditions were observed was in spring2011.While a hole over the Arctic is a rare event,the much larger hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic has been a major cause for concern for more than four decades.The production of ozone-depleting chemicals has been dramatically reduced,under the1987Montreal Protocol(蒙特利尔协议)，but some sources appear still to be functioning--in2018,unauthorized emissions were detected from some areas.New sources of ozone-depleting chemicals were not a factor in the hole observed in the Arctic,said Peuch."However,this is a reminder that one should not take the Montreal Protocol measures for granted,and that observations from the ground and from satellites are central to avoid a situation where the ozone-destroying chemical level in the stratosphere could increase again."63.What is the possible meaning of the underlined word"depletion"?A.replacementB.consumptionC.increaseD.production64.According to the passage,scientists are concerned about the hole becauseA.it is expected to be a threat to the mankindB.the new hole is caused by air pollution and greenhouse gas emissionsC.it may encourage further scientific research and environmental awarenessD.it warns us of an oncoming climate crisis65.What can be learned from the last two paragraphs?A.The hole over the Arctic shares the same causes as the one over the Antarctic.B.Human activities are highly responsible for producing ozone-destroying chemicals.C.The Montreal Protocol has successfully prevented new emissions.D.Some new illegal emissions are to blame for the hole over the Arctic.66.The best title for the passage is probably__________.A.Record-size Hole Opens in Ozone Layer above the ArcticB.Actions Urgently Needed for a New Hole in Ozone LayerC.Environmental Disaster and International CooperationD.How a Hole in Ozone Affects our Life on EarthSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Taking selfies is definitely one experience that many people like doing and sharing with the online world.B.People who post group selfies also show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group.C.Narcissists are people who think very highly of themselves,especially how they look.D.That was the old way of"clicking like".E.The drive to take selfies can nevertheless do some good to socicty as a whole.F.But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women did.People like to post their selfies(自拍照)on social media.To know more about it,scientists at Syracuse University in New York recently did a research and came up with some surprising findings.People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show behaviors connected to narcissism,the researchers said.(67)_______Makana Chock,a professor from Syracuse University,said because social media is mostly used by people to share unimportant information about their lives,it is a good place for people to"work towards satisfying their own vanity."Those"likes"under their Facebook selfies make them feel good.（68)_______Some people feel"peer pressure"to post selfies and some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an event or experience,it did not really happen."Anyway,it shouldn't be seen as negative.People get sense of satisfaction especially when they get likes.And it does no harm,"Chock said.Other findings from the study include:There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and how often they use editing software.(69)_______.Chock said posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years.On trips and special events,our parents and grandparents used cameras instead of phones to take photos.They would bring back photos to show friends and family.You had no choice but to look at them.You probably commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked,especially children and the person showing the photos.They were happy to hear your comments.(70)_______On social media,however,people can decide not to look at photos--even if they click"like”。