大工13秋《大学英语3》辅导资料十三
工程硕士英语基础教程学生用书(第三版)第13课英文原文及分段中文翻译
U13A Simple Truth About Happiness关于快乐的简单真相If you're waiting for it,you've missed the point如果你正在等待快乐，那么你将错失良机Each of us owes it to our spouses, our children, our friends to be as happy as we can be. Anyone can be unhappy; it takes no courage or effort. True achievement lies in struggling to be happy.我们每个人为了让我们的配偶、孩子、朋友快乐，都要尽可能的做到快乐。
任何人都可以感到不快乐，那不需要任何勇气和努力。
但是努力寻找快乐才是一个人真正的成就。
The concept that we have to work at happiness comes as news to many people. We assume it's a feeling that comes as a result of good things that just happen to us, things over which we have little or no control.致力于寻找快乐对许多人来说是一个全新的观念。
我们通常认为快乐是伴随着某些美好的事物而来的，这些事物是我们碰巧碰到的，而不是我们可以掌控的。
But the opposite is true: happiness is largely under our control. It is a battle to be waged and not a feeling to be awaited.但是，事实却相反，快乐完全在我们的掌控之中。
大学英语三级复习材料 ppt课件
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth；
reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late
PPT课件
6
易混淆词组复习
14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）； exercises 练习（可数）； practice（反复做的）练习，例：Practice makes perfect.
the meeting. 他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。
PPT课件
16
浙江大学英语三级考试 虚拟语气细节讲解
常这样用的动词有：
ask 要求
advise 劝告
determine 决定 decide 决定
command 命令 insist 坚持
intend 打算
move 提议
prefer 宁愿
propose 提议
PPT课件
8
浙江大学英语三级考试 虚拟语气细节讲解
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，
用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。
其形式为：（should）+ 动词原形。
PPT课件
9
浙江大学英语三级考试 虚拟语气细节讲解
常这样用的形容词有： appropriate 适当的 advisable 适当的，合理的 better 较好的 desirable 理想的 essential 精华的 imperative 迫切的 important 重要的 insistent 坚持的 natural 自然的 necessary 必要的 preferable 优越的，较好的 strange 奇怪的 urgent 紧迫的 vital 极其重要的
《英语3》辅导资料
《英语(三)》辅导资料Part I. Vocabulary and StructureIn this part there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.is his duty to __ B. see __ that everyone has enough money for the trip.A. lookB. seeC. watchD. noteto the doctor's treatment, the patient was brought ___ A. through ____ at last.A. throughB. upC. outD. aboutyoung man was confident enough to __C. brush aside _____ any difficulties.A. drop offB. cut downC.brush aside D. leave outis arranged that the foreign teacher ___D. should _____ teach us Oral English.A. oughtB. mightC. wouldD. shouldwe expected, their project has ended __ B. in____ complete failure.A. onB. inC. atD. withthey reach a certain age, army officers ___ A. retire ______ from active service.A. retireB. retreatC.reverse D. remainC. As ____ everyone expected, Tom did the best in the competition.A. WhichB. ThatC. AsD. WhatI give a chocolate to each of the children It is better __ B. not to ____.A. notB. not toC. notto do D. not doa teacher, you should always dress in ___ C. decent _____ clothes.A. beautifulB. shabbyC.decent D. bright10. She ___ A. instructs ____ music once a week at a middle school.A. instructsB. institutesC.installs D. insistsslum children were ____ D. doomed _____ to lives of poverty.A. determinedB. sureC.sentenced D. doomednoise was ____B. building up _____ until Mary couldn't stand it any longer.A. keeping upB. building upC.turning up D. setting upswimmer ___D. emerged ______ from the water and climbed onto the raft.A. floatedB. aroseC.raised D. emergedcan't afford a new coat and so will have to ___ A. make do with _____ the old one.A. make do withB. do withC. bedone with D. do withoutour ___ C. relief ______, George's illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. surprisedB. contentedC.relief D. anxiety__C. went by _______ the directions contained in the guide-book.A. went onB. went beyondC.went by D. went forthbetween time zones may result in __C. obviousdisturbances in normal sleep patterns and body rhythms.A. dangerousB. importantC.obvious D. impressivewas no sleeping accommodation __ A. available ___ to us for the night.A. availableB. sufficientC.probable D. possibleweather it is, we will __ B. carry out _____ this test.A. carry awayB. carry outC.carry off D. carry oversaid that the demonstration would go on __ D. as planned ___.A. as planningB. like planningC.as it planned D. as plannedroof began to __D. give way ____ because of the great weight on it.A. give upB. give inC. giveback D. give waywe reached the top of Mount Tai, a magnificent view of the land A. greeted _us.A. greetedB. presentedC.gave D. spreadthief steals whatever he can __ C. get his hands on ___.A. lay his fingers onB. havea hand inC. get his hands onD. puthis hand toare to have a class meeting before we _ B. break up ______for the vacation.A. break offB. break upC.break down D. break throughagreed to ____ C. call off _____ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call outB. call toC. calloff D. call onthe last few years, the Internet and the World WideWeb have become______ words; almosteveryone has heard of them.A. familyB. homeC. houseD. householdnever worried or hesitated about anything, she just ______it and almost always got whatever shewanted.A. went byB. went forC. went overD. went with28. The reason 800 million people go hungry today isnot that there isn’t enough food in the world,______that these people cannot get the foodanyway.A. butB. despiteC. evenD. exceptshe matured as an a rtist, she______ realize that “allartists are a product of their culture.”A. came toB. kept toC. tookto D. went to30. My son failed to come back home last night. Thismorning the police came to our house and ______my worst fears that he was injured in a caraccident.A. advocatedB. confirmedC.insured D. promised31. You speak an excellent English. Where did you___ A. pick __ it __ up ____A. pick…upB. look…upC.keep…up D. take…onwas very ___B. considerate ____ of you to let us know you were going to be late.A. considerableB. considerateC.considering D. consideredUS has already taken some steps to ___ B. cope with ____ the serious problems created bythe energy crisis.A. comply withB. cope withC. leaveout D. rule outyou won't agree to our plan, ____ D. neither will they _______.A. neither they willB. they will neitherC. they won't neitherD. neither will theyshall tell him the truth, ___ D. no matter whether he likes it or not ____.A. no matter he likes it or notB. whether he would like it or notC. no matter he may like it or notD. no matter whether he likes it or notJune and August there was no rain for weeks ___ D. onend ____.A. in the endB. at the endC. by the endD. on endthis hospital patients with measles were isolated by glasswalls _ C. from ___ those sufferingfrom other diseases.A. forB. inC. fromD. overhas an enormous ____ B. appetite _____ for classicalmusic and classic literature.A. interestB. appetiteC. smellD. powerbomb hit the warehouse and everything in it __ A. went up_______ in heavy smoke.A. went upB. went downC. went underD. went on, Chinese businessmen often make their deals ___ A. over____ dinner.A. overB. byC. withD. fordo you want to ___ A. have go ___with you, Tom or Mary?A. have goB. have to goC. having goingD. have goneturned out that his previous experience was __ B. of value ___ to his final success.A. valueB. of valueC. valueof D. for value I criticized you, it is __ B. so ____I want you to dobetter in future.A. forB. soC. thatD. whatcame back from the party ___ C. happy ____that wehad made many new friends there. A. happily B. sadly C. happy D. sadisn't cold enough for there _ D. to be __a frosttonight, so I can leave Jim's car out quite safely.A. would beB. beingC. wasD. to befrequent social activities got __ D. in the way of___his studies.A. hold ofB. rid ofC. down toD. in the way ofis rather _ A. that __ she was too busy to go withyou, not that _she was unwilling to.A. that…thatB. because…forC.for…for D. so…thatthinks that a dictionary means everything when hetries to learn a language, but in my opinion, adictionary is ___ B. of little use ____to beginnersof English.A. usefulB. of little useC. ofuse D. used pen has run out of ink. Can you lend me a pen __C. to write wit ___A. to writeB. for writing onC. to write withD. writingfog is so heavy that we have difficulty __ B in making out __what it is before us.A. to make out B in making out C. for making out D. on making outis a sinking-stomach profession, because I leave theclassroom an hour later ___ D. convinced ____that I was even more boring than usual.A. believedB. thoughtC.considered D. convinced, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of them ___ B. written ____after he had lost his hearing.A. writingB. writtenC. having writtenD. were writtenobjective this summer is ___C. to learn _____ to drive a car.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. of learning54. We aren't very busy in the shop at the moment; in fact we're rather __ D. slack ______.A. freeB. lazyC. spareD. slackshould really avoid your ___D. father's staying __ at home alone as he is very ill.A. father staysB. father tostayC father who stays D. father'sstayingyou are asked to give evidence in court, you should __B. hold back___ nothing.A. let outB. hold backC. run outD. give awaydon't know what is _D. going on____ in the world if we don't read the newspapers.A. going forB. going offC. going overD. going onorder to learn English well, we should work hard. __C. In addition____, good methods are equallyimportant.A. HoweverB. ThereforeC. In additionD. Exceptyou think you can do the job, don't hesitate, just _ C. go ahead ______.A. go awayB. go onC. go aheadD. go over'm afraid Jack will be punished for his carelessness because last night two prisoners escaped when he was ____ C. on guard _____.A. watchfulB. off guardC. on guardD. watching outJapanese strongly protested against the US military _ D. presence_ in their country.A. prefaceB. powderC. positionD. presenceboy was locked in his room and kept _______ the whole morning.A. studyingB. studyC. studiedD. to studyfire spread to the house and soon sent smoke and D. sparks over the top of the roof.A. flashesB. burnsC. lightsD. sparksatomic bomb victims still _B. bear_hidden wounds and are kept alive by constant care.A. faceB. bearC. takeD. carrysun was almost up ____ C. when _____ they finally reached the top of the mountain.A. whileB. untilC. whenD. unlessmother could not afford to ___ B. feed _____ them on meat and fish every day.A. supplyB. feedC.support D. buywas not until ____ A. when _____ it was threatened with invasion that Vermont declared itself an independent commonwealth.A. whenB. thatC.which D. thenI entered the room, I noticed a ___C. surprised ____ look come over her face.A. surprisingB. surpriseC.surprised D. surprisinglyif we __ B. reduce_____ our expenses to the minimum, we still can't afford to buy a house in less than two years.A. shortenB. reduceC.lower D. drop___D. happened ____ that I picked up the key he had lost.A. by chanceB. took placeC.occurred D. happened71. You are late again, but I shan't hold it __ B. against ______ you as it is not your fault.A. onB. againstC. forD. from72. ____ C. The moment ____ I saw you, I know you were angry with me.A. SuddenlyB. OnceC.The moment D. As73. It is urgent that he ____ A. should ____ be rescued from the mountain before dark.A. shouldB. wouldC.may D. could74. Exports have already ___ C. overtaken ____ last year's figure.A. overheardB. overcomeC.overtaken D. overthrownboth ___D. definitely _____ agree that my salary should be doubled.A. occasionallyB. faithfullyC.thoughtfully D. definitely76. We have __A. declared___ time and again that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.A. declaredB. demandedC.informed D. insisted77. When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but __ A. get__ your shoes wet.A. getB. gettingC.to get D. got78. He felt he did not ___C. deserve______ to be given such a great honor.A. achieveB. getC.deserve D. worthy79. Some interesting questions ____ B. came up _____ at our discussion of current affairs.A. came outB. came upC.came through D. came upon80. You must go there quickly, __D. unless ______ you won't be back in time.A. elseB. or otherC.or else D. unlesscountry's economy ___ D. is built on ___ both agriculture and industry.A. has built upB. has built onC. isbuilt up D. is built onwas very happy when he left the classroom, _A. sure_ that he would do very well in the examination.A. sureB. being sureC.made sure D. making sureC. While he was walking ____along the street, a car hit him and ran away.A. WalkingB. WalkedC. While hewas walking D. While walkingbe a college teacher, you have to fulfill certain ___ B. academic _____ qualifications.A. practicalB. academicC.learned D. technicalauthor once taught a course ____ B. which was called __ "Self Reliance in a Technological Society".A. that had calledB. which was calledC. which calledD. that calledcouldn't see the ____D. point ____ of getting the couple to live together.A. gradeB. markC. scoreD. pointby his first successful novel, the young man was working _ C. on ___a new one.A. atB. inC. onD. toare made by shaping wet ___ A. clay ___ and then baking it to make it hard.A. clayB. earthC. soilD. dirtteachers think ___ D. keeping ____ diaries is a good way to learn English.A. makingB. takingC. castingD. keepingwell-known player is ____A. left____ out of his country's football team.A. leftB. feltC. comeD. madehead of the company ___ C. turned _____ out to be a twenty-year-old girl.A. madeB. tookC. turnedD. lookedother day we were boating on the river __ A. when ______ a storm came up.A. whenB. whileC.as D. wheretrain is ___ A. due ____ in Beijing at 10 a.m.A. dueB. sureC.early D. lateuntil after the First World War __C. did women gain ______ the right to vote.A. when women gainedB. that womengainedC. did women gainD. womengainedhe was in no hurry, he ____ B. took ___ his time at dinner.A. madeB. tookC.spent D. passedyou have told us ____C. confirms____ us in the view that this man cannot be trusted.A. complainsB. conductsC.confirms D. concludesmanager kept a ____ D. respectful ___ silence when the young man was giving his opinion about the company's plan for the new year.A. respectedB. respectableC.respective D. respectfulpersisted in spite of difficulties. ____ B. Eventually ____, he succeeded in getting what he wanted.A. TemporarilyB. EventuallyC.Nevertheless D. subsequentlymany university graduates have applied, I am afraid I do not _ D. stand a chance of getting the job.A. keepB. takeC.make D. standminister declared his ___ D. intention _____ to run for president.A. influenceB. interestC.instinct D. intentionPart II. Reading ComprehensionThere are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should read them carefully and decide on the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington, concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mentalabilities.He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking.to the passage, man's intelligence __c. changes with the seasons_______.the same through the year from day to daywith the seasons from year to yearHuntington decided that climate and temperature have ___ B. some effect on most people's intelligence ______.A. a great effect on everyone's intelligenceB. some effect on most people's intelligenceC. some effect on a few people's intelligenceD. no effect on most people's intelligenceHuntington's conclusion was based on __results of research done by himself and other scientists among peoples in different .A.variations of his own mental abilities fromseason to seasonB.the results of research done by himself andother scientists among peoples in differentclimates.C.detailed records of temperature changes indifferent placesD.detailed records of different ways of thinkingamong peoples in different climatesdoes the author say summer is a good time to take a long vocation from thinking?B．Because people tend to be less creative during summerA.Because a long vocation in summer helps toimprove people's mental power.B.Because people tend to be less creative duringsummer.C.Because summer is a good time for outdooractivities.D.Because mental exertion in the summer heattaxes too much of people's energy.central idea of this passage is __ A. man's mental abilities change from season to season_____.A.man's mental abilities change from season toseasonB.man's intelligence varies from place to placeC.man should take a long vacation in summerD.if you want to do creative thinking, go to acool placePassage 2When I was about six years old, my mother came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen babies of the neighborhood ---- all of them too young to walk ---- and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this, I informed her that it was my school of dance. She was amused, and placing herself at the piano, she began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular. Later on, little girls of the neighborhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a verylucrative occupation.My mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lesson did not please me. When the teacher told me to stand on my toes, I asked him why, and when he replied "Because it is beautiful," I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not stifled. I believed that whatever the child is going to do in life should be begun when it is very young. I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and depriving them of any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.her mother came home one day, the narrator of the story __A. was teaching half a dozen babies to dance __.A.was teaching half a dozen babies to danceB.was teaching half a dozen babies to walkC.was collecting babies of the neighborhoodD.was making babies of the neighborhood sitbefore her on the floorattitude of the narrator's mother toward her school of dance was one of _ C. support .A. despiseB. contemptC.support D. indifferencenarrator thought that ballet was ____B. stiff, ugly and unnatural ______.A. the most graceful danceB. stiff, ugly and unnaturalC. a dance that she had dreamed ofD. an invisible world into which she guessed shemight enterto the narrator, she owed her success in art to __ support of her understanding and adventurous mother .A.the good education her parents gave herB.the support of her understanding andadventurous motherC.her inborn talentD.her ballet teachercentral idea of the passage is that ___A. parents should try to discover the natural gift in their children and help to develop it while they are young ____.A.parents should try to discover the natural gift intheir children and help to develop it while theyare youngB.the so-called good education parents give theirchildren only drives them into thecommonplace and deprives them of any chanceof doing anything originalC.mothers should be heroic and adventurousD.ballet is no good as a form of dancePassage 3Is vitamin E a cure for baldnessWill it cure acne（痤疮）Can it relieve the pain of arthritis or prevent ulcers These are only a few of the uses some people claim for vitamin E,but for many years no scientific proof has been possible for any of these claims.Vitamin E is not a rare substance by any means; it is present in vegetable oils and in grains,but in most diets the main source of vitamin E is leafy vegetables. Some vitamin E is lost in the cooking process, but not a really significant amount; a good balanced diet will, according to critics of “vitamin medicine”, supply all the vitamin E anyone needs.In animals, shortage of vitamin E causes sudden and obvious changes. Chickens deprived of vitamin E develop muscular weakness. Calves whose diets contain inadequate amounts of vitamin E develop heart disease. Rats who are deprived of vitamin E develop liver degeneration. Nor do they grow as quickly as healthy rats.But in humans, with one exception, there are no symptoms of any kind associated with a vitamin E deficiency. Premature infants who lack proper amounts of vitamin E sometimes develop anemia（贫血）or skin rashes, but any symptoms caused by this deficiency in adult humans are either too insignificant to appear in normal tests or are simply nonexistent. A study in Elgin, Illinois, followed subjects maintained on low vitamin E diets for six years and could discover no effects of the diet on the subjects at all.Some studies, such as a study performed by three Canadian doctors in the late 1940s, have found vitamin E helpful in treating specific diseases, such as angina pectoris, a type of heart disease. But other studies have tried to duplicate these findings and failed. So there is no absolutely undeniable evidence that vitamin E will prevent or cure disease.Claims for the cosmetic use of vitamin E continue to multiply, however. Creams and ointments containing vitamin E appear on the market almost daily, to help remove skin blemishes（瑕疵）, to soften dry skin, to control skin wrinkles. Vitamin E is even used in deodorants（除臭剂）. Vitamin E itself is a preservative, an antioxidant, so the producers’ thinking is that vitamin E will prevent odor by preventing bacteria from oxidizing perspiration. But no study or medical proof ever appeared to prove any of these cosmetic claims completely.You can add vitamin E pills to your morning routine if you like, but unfortunately no one has ever been able to demonstrate conclusively any reason why you should.1. The main idea of this passage is that _ C. most of the medical and cosmetic claims about vitamin E are not supported by research ____.A.taken as a preventive measure againstdisease, vitamin E can be harmfulB.although vitamin E has not been provedeffective in fighting disease, it does havesome cosmetic valueC.most of the medical and cosmetic claimsabout vitamin E are not supported byresearchD.advertisements are attempting to misleadthe public with their claims about vitamin 2. In animals, vitamin E deficiency is associatedwith all of the following disorders except _ B.diabetes___.A. heart diseaseB. diabetesC. liverdegeneration D. muscular weakness3. Which of the following conclusions is NOT supported by the passage? C. Vitamin E is more useful cosmetically than medicallyA.Vitamin E deficiency is less harmful tohumans than to other animal.B.Vitamin E may be helpful in treatingangina pectoris.C.Vitamin E is more useful cosmetically thanmedically.D.Vitamin E is fairly abundant in a balanceddiet.4. The passage suggests that _ B. the public regards vitamin E as a wonder drug____.A.little research has been done to protectconsumersB.the public regards vitamin E as a wonderdrugC.advertising is basically a business ofdeceptionD.some research that has been reported hasbeen proved false5. As used in this passage, the word “degeneration” means __ B. deterioration ____.A. ailmentB. deteriorationC. devianceD. maturationPassage 4A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the Earth, but in the Sun; in fact, at the Sun’s very center. It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the Sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the Sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and, in doing so, release some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the Sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium in the Sun every second. This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years.The nuclear energy is released at the Sun’s center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only very much shorter wavelength. This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the Sun, to be remitted at slightly longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is absorbed and remitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes through the X-ray part of the spectrum, eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached what we can do to the solar surface, and can escape into space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the Sun’s light and heat is emitted in such directions that, after passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth. (268 words) does the passage mainly discuss?production of solar light and heat. physical and chemical nature of life.conversion of hydrogen to helium. in the X-ray part of the spectrum.to the passage, energy is released in the Sun when_____.atoms bind with each other. radiation escapes from the spectrum.is absorbed by helium. of hydrogen atoms collide.passage indicates that, in comparison to radio waves, gamma wave_____.A. are not as long.B. producelouder sound.C. are less magnetic.D. do notform in the Sun’s centre.to the passage, through which of the following is the energy released in the Sun pass before it becomes light?A. Electromagnetic space.B. Thesolar surface.C. The X-ray part of the spectrum.D.Interplanetary space.can be inferred from the passage that the Sun’s light travels _____.solid objects in space. many different directions.。
大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料一
大工13春《大学英语3》辅导资料一大学英语3辅导资料一主题：对Unit 1的重点单词、短语的讲解学习时间：2013年3月30日－4月7日内容：NEW WORDS (对课文重点单词的解释)1. absorb vt. 吸收e.g. Plants absorb nutrients from the soil.（植物从土壤中吸收养分。
）Black objects absorb heat more.（黑色的物体吸热多。
）[补充] absorb还有“理解、掌握”的意思。
e.g. I haven’t really had time to absorb everything that he said.（事实上我还没有时间弄懂他说的一切。
）2. achieve v. 实现，取得，达到e.g. His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success.（他的懒惰使他不可能成功。
）He will never achieve anything if he doesn't work hard.（他如果不努力工作就永远不会有所成就。
）3. attend v. 参加，出席e.g. Only 7 people attended the meeting.（只有7个人参加会议。
）Please let us know if you are unable to attend.（如你不能出席，请通知我们。
）[搭配] attend to意为“处理，料理（生意或个人事务）”e.g. I may be late – I have got one or two things to attend to.（我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。
）4. comprehend v. 理解、领悟e.g. Even scientists do not comprehend these phenomena.（即使是科学家也不理解这些现象。
《大学英语3》综合复习资料
《大学英语3》综合复习资料《大学英语3》综合复习资料期末考试题型：I. Use of English (10%) 完成会话，共10题，每题1分II. Reading Comprehension (30%) 阅读理解，共三篇文章，15题，每题2分III. Vocabulary and Structure (20%) 词汇与语法，共20题，每题1分IV. Cloze T est (10%) 完型填空，共5题，每题2分V. T ranslation (15%) 英译汉，共5题，每题3分VI. Writing (15%) 写作，一篇命题作文，15分I. Use of EnglishDirections:In this part, there are 20incomplete dialogues. For each dialogue, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. —Are you from Italy?—____________.A. Yes, we areB. No, we don’tC. No, I don’tD. No, we won’t2. —Thanks for your help.—____________.A. Quite rightB. Never mindC. My pleasureD. Don’t thank me3. —Do you think this is a nice place?A. That’s rightB. Y ou’re rightC. No, it’s not hereD. Y es, I think so4. —Paul, ____________?—Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother.A. what is the person over thereB. who’s talking over thereC. what are they doingD. which is that5. —Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you?—____________, and how are you?A. Don’t mention itB. Hm, not too badC. ThanksD. Pretty fast6. —____________—Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A. When did your parents arrive at Paris?B. How long have your parents been in Paris?C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D. When will your parents go to Paris?7. —How often do you go dancing?—____________A. I will go dancing tomorrow.B. Y esterday.C. Every other day.D. I’ve been dancing for a year.8. —Y ou know, I have three kids now.A. Well, I’ve grown a mustache.B. That’s terrific!C. Say, you’ve really changed your hai r.D. Well, I gave up drinking.9. —How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight?—____________A. Forget it.B. Sorry, I like Mexican food.C. That’s great!D. Glad you like it.10. —Madam, do all the buses go downtown?—____________A. Wow, you got the idea.B. No, never mind.C. Pretty well, I guess.D. Sorry, I’m new here.11. —Could you help me with my physics, please?—____________A. No, no way.B. No, I couldn’tC. No, I can’t.D. Sorry I can’t. I have to go to a meeting right now.12. —Could I speak to Don Watkins, please?—____________A. I’m listeningB. Oh, how are you?C. Speaking, please.D. I’m Don.13. —Could I borrow your car for a few days?—____________A. Yes, you may borrow.B. Y es, go on.C. Sure, here you are. Enjoy your journey.D. It doesn’t matter.14. —Thank you for inviting me.—____________A. I really had a happy time.B. Oh, it’s too lateC. Oh, so slowly?D. Thank you for coming15. —May I see your tickets, please?—____________A. No, they are mine.B. Sure.C. No, you can’t.D. Y es, you can.16. — Would you like to have dinner with me this Saturday, Mr. Wang?—_____.A. Oh, no. Let’s notB. I’d rat her stay at homeC. I’d love to, but I have a meeting that dayD. Thank you17. —Excuse me, is there a park here？—_____.—Thank you all the same.A. I don’t want to tell youB. Yes, there isC. No, there isn’tD. Sorry, I don’t know18. —Mike, I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow.—Oh, really？_____.A. Good luckB. Have a good timeC. Thank youD. Congratulations19. —I am sorry for what I have said to you.—_____.A. It’s just too badB. No problemC. I’m sur e about thatD. Don’t think any more about it20.—I wonder if I could use your dictionary？—Sure. _____.A. Here you areB. Go onC. Go upD. Here are youII. Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 8passages in this part.Passage 1-4is followed by True or False questions .For each of them there are 2 choices marked A and B. Passage 5-8 is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Mr. White lived in a small village. His parents hadn't enough money to send him to school. He had to help them to dosomething in the fields. But he didn't like to live in the poor plac e. When he was sixteen, he got to the town and found work in a factory. Three years later he became tall and strong. So he was sent to Africa as a soldier. He stayed there for five years and got some money. Then he came back to England and bought a shop in a small town. No people in the town went to Africa except him. And he hoped they thought he was a famous man and that they could respect him. The children often asked him to tell them some stories and his life in Africa.One day a few children asked him to tell them something about the animals in Africa. He told them how he fought with the tigers and elephants. His stories surprised them all and some policemen and workers went to listen to him. It made him happier. Just a man who taught geography in a middle school passed there. He stopped to listen to him for a while and then said, "Could you please tell us a rare animal, sir?""Certainly," said Mr. Turner. "One day I met a rhinoceros（犀牛）by a river…""Please wait a minute, sir," said the man. "There aren't any rhinoceros in Africa at all!""It's rare just because there aren't any!"1. Mr. White was born in a farmer's family.A. TB. F2. Mr. White hoped to be respected because he was the richest man in their town.A. TB. F3. The children often asked him to tell them something interesting because he knew more than any other person in thetown.A. TB. F4. All people believed Mr. White except the children.A. TB. F5. Mr. White wouldn't like to admit that he was wrong.A. TB. FPassage 2Martin Luther King was a black minister, who became a great leader of the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s.King was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was young, he was strongly influenced by Thoreau and Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi's idea of non-violent resistance. Having received a Ph. D (Doctor of Philosophy) from Boston University, he became a political and religious leader of the non-violent civil relights movement in 1955. On August 28, 1963, he led over 250,000 Americans on a march in Washington D.C. to fight for the Civil Rights Law to guarantee equality for all people, and delivered his best known speech "I Have a Dream" before the Lincoln Memorial. The "dream" is a dream of brotherly love and equality for the Black and White. Thus, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for peace in 1964, but he was murdered four years later.Though he died, he was greatly respected and loved by the Americans, both the white and the black. By vote of Congress in 1968, the third Monday of every January is now a federal holiday in Luther King's honor. He lives in people's hearts forever.1. Martin Luther King was murdered when he was 39 years old.A. TB. F2. Martin Luther King was a black minister only.A. TB. F3. Martin Luther King's Day has been a federal holiday for more than 40 years.A. TB. F4. The underlined word "delivered" in the second paragraph could be replaced by "gave".A. TB. F5. The best title for this passage is "Civil Rights Law".A. TB. FPassage 3If you travel by air across the center of Africa or South America, you fly over forests for thousands of kilometers. These great forests are the oceans of trees. There are thousands and thousands of different kinds of plants and animals.However, the world's forests are getting smaller all the time. We are cutting down the trees because we need wood, and we need more farmland. Some people say that there will not be any forests like these in 20 or 30 years. What will happen if they disappear?If we cut down our forests, a lot of plants and animals will disappear from the world. In a lot of places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts. Crops will not grow there. It will not rain very often, and the weather will get very hot. Perhapsthe climate of the world will change. This will be dangerous for everyone in the world. That is why we must take care of our forests.1. The passage mainly tells us about the importance of taking care of plants.A. TB. F2. Forests are homes for different kinds of animals.A. TB. F3. The need for more wood and more land help to protect our forests.A. TB. F4. We'll have more and greater forests in 20 or 30 years in some people's view.A. TB. F5. The writer thinks it necessary to protect the forests.A. TB. FPassage 4What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental exercise is particularly important foryoung children. Many child psychologists (心理学家) think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as "That was a very clever thing you did." or "You are sucha smart child."1. The word "intelligent" in the 1st paragraph probably mean bright.A. TB. F2. According to the context we can guess that a genius is a normal person while an idiot is a funny person.A. TB. F3. A person born with a good brain and putting it into active use is more likely to become a genius.A. TB. F4. It is better for parents to praise and encourage their children more often.A. TB. F5. Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how youlive.A. TB. FPassage 5The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to V ersailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14, 1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte.1. What’s this passage about?A. France.B. King Louis.C. The French Revolution.D. Europe.2. Which did not happen in 1789?A. The French Revolution broke out.B. The national economy was developing rapidly.C. The government wasn’t well run.D. King Louis XIV was in power.3. Where were the political prisoners kept?A. In V ersailles.B. In Austria.C. In Prussia.D. In Bastille.4. What does the underlined word “abolished” mean?A. Put off.B. Established.C. United.D. Ended.5. What was NOT the effect of the Revolution?A. July 14 has become the French National Day.B. It brought some impact on the other European Kings.C. Louis’s wife, Marie was killed.D. The king tried to control the national parliament.Passage 6Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo. She was leaving her native country to join her sister in the United States. She spoke English very well. Though she was very happy she could go abroad, she was feeling sad at leaving her family and friends. As she was thinking all about this, she suddenly heard the airline employee asking her to pick up her luggage and put it on the scales（称）. Maria pulled and pulled. The bag was too heavy and she just couldn’t lift it up. The man behind her got very impatient. He, too, was waiting to check in his luggage.“What’s wrong with this girl?”He said, “Why doesn’t she hurry up?” He moved forward and placed his bag o n thecounter, hoping to check in first. He was in a hurry to get a good seat.Maria was very angry, but she was very polite. And in her best English she said, “Why are you so upset? There are enough seats for everyone on the plane. If you are in such a hurry, why can’t you give me a hand with my luggage?”The man was surprised to hear Maria speak English. He quickly picked up her luggage and stepped back. Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.1. Maria’s story happened ________.A. when she was leaving AmericaB. on her way back to Santo DomingoC. before she left the USAD. when she arrived at the airport2. Y ou believer that the work of the airline employee mentioned in the story is to _______ at the airport.A. help carry people’s luggageB. ask people to pick up the luggageC. check people’s luggageD. take care of people’s luggage3. “Why are you so upset?” Maria said to the man. She wanted to tell him that he should not be _______.A. surprisedB. sadC. unhappyD. sorry4. “Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.” This sentence means that the people around felt _______.A. worried about MariaB. worried about the manC. sorry for Maria’s mannersD. sorry for the man’s manners5. The author mentioned Maria’s age at the beginning of the story in order to show that _________.A. she was young but behaved properlyB. she would not have left home aloneC. everyone around her was wrongD. it was not good that nobody offered to help herPassage 7Paper is one of the most important products ever invented by man. Wide spread use of written language would not have been possible without some cheap and practical material to write on. The invention of paper meant that more people could be educated because more books could be printed and distributed. Together with the printing press, paper provided an extremely important way to communicate knowledge.How much paper do you use every year? Probably you cannot answer that question quickly. In 1990 the world’s use of paper was about one kilogram for each person a year. Now some countries use as much as 50 kilograms of paper for each person a year. Countries like the United States, England and Sweden use more paper than other countries.Paper, like many other things that we use today, was first made in China. In Egypt and the West, paper was not very commonly used before the year 1400. The Egyptians wrote on a kind of material made of a water plant. Europeans used parchment for many hundreds of year. Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals. We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.1. What’s the meaning for the word “parchment”? ____________A. The skin of young animals.B. A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals.C. The paper used by European countries.D. The paper of Egypt.2. Which of the following is not mentioned about the invention of paper? ____________A. More jobs could be provided than before.B. More people could be educated than before.C. More books could be printed and distributed.D. More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.3. When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely? ____________A. Around 1400.B. Around 1900.C. Around 400.D. Around 900.4. Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year? ____________A. ChinaB. SwedenC. EgyptD. Japan5. What is the main idea of this short talk? ____________A. More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B. Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C. The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D. Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.Passage 8It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, the daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenly become “in”. Between the hours of 11 a. m. and 4:30 p. m., college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can’t wait to see the next episode in the lives of their favorite characters.Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite; they’re a youth favorite. When school is out, high-school students are in front of their TV sets. One young working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her favorite serials. During the 1960’s, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap operas. The mood of the sixties was very different from now. It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great importance.Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Y oung people want to be happy. It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, which is known for showing trouble in people’s lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Y oung people can identify with the soap opera character, who, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and probably not finding it. And soap opera gives young people a chance to feel close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their problems.1. What is soap opera?A. Plays based on science fiction stories.B. Plays based on non-fiction stories.C. The daytime serial dramas on TV.D. Popular documentary films on TV.2. What can be the best title of the passage?A. College student viewers.B. Favorite TV serials.C. Soap opera fans.D. College-age viewers.3. Which is NOT the reason why the soap opera has suddenly become “in”among American young people?A. Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.B. Because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their people.C. Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera characters.D. Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.4. What can we learn from the passage?A. College students like soap operas more than any other social groups.B. Y oung people of sixties like soap operas more than people today.C. Y oung viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of sixties to enjoyment now.D. The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in vain.5. What message does the author want to convey to us?A. The people’s favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time.B. The people’s favorites to drama works change along with the times.C. The people’s favorites to drama works is changed by the soap opera.D. The people’s favorites have c hanged the drama works.III. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 40incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. They felt inferior ______ the others until the team’s international success made them proud ofthemselves.A. thanB. forC. withD. to2. He raised his arms to ______ his face from the blow.A. protestB. protectC. preventD. keep3. If no one _____ the phone at home, ringing me at work.A. repliesB. receivesC. answersD. returns4. The young man had _____ great hardships before he grew into a real army man.A. undergoneB. underestimatedC. underlinedD. undertaken5. He did not paint to make money; he did it _____ art.A. for the sake ofB. for lack ofC. because ofD. on behalf of6. His old car ______ much gasoline.A. costB. spentC. consumedD. paid7. Air and water are ______ to life.A. preferableB. irreplaceableC. acceptableD. indispensable8. Is this museum ______ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one9. I doubt ______ he will lend you the book.A. whetherB. whenC. thatD. which10. Hans has a new car. I wonder when ______ it.A. he boughtB. did he buyC. buysD. he is buying11. Is this the place ______ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one12. Y oung ______ John was, he was able to swim across the channel within minutes.A. asB. soC. throughD. although13. The higher the standard of living, ______.A. the greater is the amount of paper is usedB. the greater amount of paper is usedC. the amount of paper is used is greaterD. the greater the amount of paper is used14. Not until quite recently ______ what had happened at school.A. will I knowB. I had knownC. I didn’t knowD. did I know15. We hurried to the cinema, only ______ the film had begun.A. findingB. foundC. to findD. to have found16. I have forgotten the title of the film, but m aybe it’ll ______ me later.A. get toB. arrive atC. go toD. come to17. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be18. As the case is very complicated, the head of the police will ______ the investigation.A. take care ofB. take hold ofC. take charge ofD. take advantage of19. As a part-time job, I worked in a small beachside restaurant during the college ______.A. scopeB. scheduleC. vacationD. vocation20. She is a very kind woman, loyal ______ her friends, intelligent and amusing.A. ofB. forC. onD. to21. Traveling abroad will broaden your ______ and help you to understand the world.A. rangeB. sightC. horizonD. vision22. People under stress ______ to develop their full range of potential.A. tendB. intendC. attendD. pretend23. ______ the time we finish our studies, we have to find our jobs.A. AtB. ByC. ForD. Until24. Never before ______ won gold medals in the Olympic Games.A. have so many Chinese athletesB. so many Chinese athletes haveC. have such many Chinese athletesD. such many Chinese athletes have25. ______ only five minutes to finish the task.A. I cost meB. It required meC. It took meD. It needed me26. This is ______ I want to tell you.A. itB. whatC. whichD. whom27. Can you find out ______ her pen?A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice putC. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put28. It makes no difference to me ______ he will come or not.A. howB. whyC. whenD. whether29. ______ we need more practice is quite clear.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. When30．The machine is such ______ I have never seen before.A. WhatB. whenC. asD. where31. They ______ the sports games from March 5th to March 19th because of the high temperature.A. postponedB. cancelledC. laidD. revised32. That is the reason ______ the expansion of liquid takes place at the surface.A. for thatB. whichC. whereD. why33. If I had the money, I ______ that beautiful dress in the window.A. would buyB. will buyC. had boughtD. may buy34. Working conditions in the factory are _____ few workers stay longer than three months.A. thatB. such thatC. so thatD. so35. All of us were ______ that the man could walk on his hands.A. amazingB. annoyingC. amazedD. annoyed36. Fred turned his head, trying to ________ breathing in the smoke.A. refuseB. avoidC. objectD. expect37. Computers can only give out ______ has been stored in them.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where38. The directors have a meeting every Friday, ______ there is nothing to discuss.A. ifB. in caseC. whenD. unless39. His English is very good. He can speak English better than ______ in his grade.A. any oneB. the oneC. anyone elseD. other student40. You'd better ______in bed. It's bad for your eyes.A. not to readB. not readC. don't readD. readIV. Cloze T estDirections: There are 4 closes this part. There are 5 blanks and five choices marked A, B, C, D and E in each cloze. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the blank and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Cloze 1Many people would agree that stress is a major problem in modern life. It is certainly true that worry and quarrel can cause all kinds of illnesses, 1 backache to severe headaches, or even more serious complaints such as high blood pressure.Many of us think 2 stress as something that other people impose on us. We often complain about how other people put us 3 pressure. But we should try not to let such pressure affectus. We should not forget that we are largely responsible for some of the stress ourselves. We sometimes take 4 more work than our bodies and our minds can handle. We should learn to 5 our limitations. We should be aware of which things are really important and which are not.A. ofB. underC. acceptD. fromE. onCloze2Modern zoos are very different from zoos that were built fifty years ago. At that time, zoos were places 1 people could go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals lived in cages that were made 2 concrete with iron bars, cages that were easy to keep clean. Unfortunately for the animals, the cages were small and impossible to hide in. The zoo environment was anything but natural. 3 the zoo keepers took good care of the animals and fed them well, many of the animals did not thrive; they behaved in strange ways, and they often became ill.In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats. The animals are given more 4 in large areas so that they can live more comfortably as they would in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and grass grow in the cages, and streams of water flow5 the areas that animals live in.A. ofB. AlthoughC. whereD. overE. freedomCloze 3The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount is seawater, 1 salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% of the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other 2 .And we can't even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall, is still enough for us. But our need 3 water is increasing rapidly - almost day by day. We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we should 4 is to develop ways of reusing it.Experiments have already been done in this 5 , but only on a small scale. The systems that have been worked out resemble those used in spacecraft.A. takeB. orC. sourcesD. forE. caseCloze 4Man can't go on increasing his number at the present rate. In the next 30 years man will face a period of crisis. 1 experts believe that there will be a widespread food shortage. Other experts think this is too pessimistic（悲观的）, and man can。
现代大学英语第三册第13课教案Lesson 13 In My Day
Lesson 13 In My DayI．Warm-up questions:1.questions:(1)When do people attain old age?(2)What changes would occur to the elderly?(3)Why do the aged like to talk about their past lives?(4)What are your thoughts on age and aging?Typically, the beginnings of change in the five senses are as follows:Hearing—the mid 40’sV ision—the mid 50’sT ouch—the mid 50’sTaste—the late 50’sSmell—the mid 70’s2 .Generation gap refers to the difference in ideas, feelings and interests between older and younger people, which often causes misunderstanding. In the U.S.A, "Never trust anyone over thirty"had even been a very common belief among young people.How to bridge it ? mutual understanding and love ….3. The Image of the Mother4 Y ears of Age—My Mommy can do anything!8 Y ears of Age—My Mom knows a lot! A whole lot12 Y ears of Age—My Mother doesn’t really know quite everything.14 Y ears of Age—Naturally, Mother doesn’t know that, either.16 Y ears of Age—Mother? She’s hopelessly old-fashioned.18 Y ears of Age—That old woman? She’s way out of date!25 Y ears of Age—Well, she might know a little bit about it.35 Y ears of Age—Before we decide, let’s get Mom’s opinion.45 Y ears of Age—Wonder what Mom would have thought about it?65 Y ears of Age—Wish I could talk it over with Mom!4. T ell us a story about your parents that touches your heart and is rooted deeply in your memory.II. Background1. Author: Russell Baker▪Born in V irginia in 1925▪In charge of "The Observer" column for the New Y ork Times from 1962 to 1998.▪Won his first Pulitzer Prize in 1979 for distinguished commentary as a columnist▪Received his second Pulitzer Prize in 1983 for his autobiography Growing up▪Regarded as one of America's leading wordsmiths and humorists2. R ussell Baker’s main works▪Growing up▪Russell Baker’s book of American Humor▪Fear and Loathing in George W. Bush’s W ashington▪Poor Russell Almanac(The text is extracted from the first chapter of Growing Up.)3. Russell Baker’s memoir Growing upThis book traces his youth in the mountains of rural Virginia. When Baker was only five, his father died. His mother, strong-willed and matriarchal, never looked back. These were depression years, and Mrs. Baker moved her family to Baltimore. Baker's mother was determined her children would succeed, and her unfailing faith in the talents of her young son was not misplaced. He did everything from delivering papers to hustling subscriptions for the Saturday Evening Post. As is often the case, early hardships make the man.4. Popularity of the book—reviews from the book reviewers and readers▪This is a wondrous book, funny, sad, and strong… as funny and touching as Mark Twain's.----Mary Lee Settle of the Los Angeles Times Book Review ▪This is an iconic and magical piece of literature, a story of courage and love, of the bonds of family in spite of tension and disagreement.-----One reader ▪Growing Up is carefully crafted by this experienced writer. The many characters come to vivid life with all their virtues and foibles(小缺点), and Baker's narrative flows smoothly from beginning to end.-----One reader 5. Quotations of the author▪The worst thing about being a tourist is having other tourists recognize you as a tourist.▪In an age when the fashion is to be in love with yourself, confessing to be in love with somebody else is an admission of unfaithfulness to one's beloved.▪An educated person is one who has learned that information almost always turns out to be at best incomplete and very often false, misleading, fictitious, mendacious—just dead wrong.6. The Great Depression（The Great Depression is what we refer to the global economic recession between 1929 to 1933 ,which ,especially in the US, is usually identified with the stock market crash of 1929.during that time ,some towns in the U. S. , Canada and Germany even introduced their own scrip during the Great Depression. and the societies are full of sorrows.）One of the most critical economic periods in the United States history was the Great Depression. A majority of the U.S. citizens did not know much about the Depression. The only information that they knew was what they read from textbooks. Many citizens never really had to face the hardship like others were forced to face. Growing Up by Russell Baker is an autobiography on the problems he and his family endured during this era.Causes of the Great Depression:▪Speculation in the 1920s caused many people to buy stocks with loaned money. The stock market boom was very unsteady, because it was based on borrowed money and false optimism.▪Politicians believed that business was the key business of America. Thus, the government took no action against unwise investing.▪Stock Market crash on October 24, 1929 (black Thursday)Misery and personal sufferings were widespread.▪Living conditions changed when multiple families crowded into small houses or apartments.▪Unemployment rate was very high.▪Thousands went hungry.▪Children suffered long term effects from a poor diet and inadequate medical care.▪Women continued to doing women’s work such as nursing, and even if they were able to get an industry job which seldom hired women, they usually were paid less than men.III．Word Study1. bendv. a. to lean forwards and downwardsb. to become curvedc. to apply the mind closelyExamples:She bent forwards and whispered in my ear.The stream bends to the west.He was bent on making them happy.Expressions:bend sb.’s earbend your mind/thoughts to sth.bend beforebe bent on2. bore n. a. sb. who talks too much about thingsthat are not very interestingb. a boring or annoying activity or situationv. a. to make sb. feel impatientb. to make a deep hole in sth. hardExamples:I was angry with him for that, … for having become one of thoseancient bores (53)I find cleaning a real bore.I wo n’t bore you with all the details.The insects bore through the furniture.3. burdenv. to create a problem or serious responsibility for sb.Examples:I don’t want to burden you with my troubles.He was increasingly burdened by ill health.4. dismiss v.a.to force sb. to leave their jobb.to refuse to accept that sth. might be true or importantc.to officially tell people they can leave a placed.to put out of court without further hearing5. fierce a.a. involving very strong feelings such as determination, anger or hateb. (of weather) strong and severec. very difficult or unpleasantExamples:I thought of a doll with huge, fierce eyes. (10)The fierce thunders roar me their music.It is a fierce examination process.6. flagv. a. to become tired or weak, or begin to lack enthusiasmb. to mark sth. so that you will be able to find it againflagging: a. becoming weaker, more tired, or less enthusiasticExamples:After a long day, his energy flagged.I flagged any words I didn't know.… all she needed was a good pep talk to recharge a flagging spirit.(39)7. formidablea. very impressive in size, power, or skill and therefore deserving respect and often difficult to deal withExamples:Meeting the energy demands of a big city is aformidable task.The company has built up a formidablereputation for quality.He is a formidable opponent.8. hoverv. a. to remain floating, suspended, or flutteringin the airb. to remain or linger in or near a placec. to be in a state that may change at any time Examples:Gulls are hovering over the waves.The waiter was hovering by their table.His girlfriend is hovering between life and death.9. presidev. to be in charge of an official meeting or other event Examples:These committees are usually presided overby a senior judge.The priest is often invited to preside at thereception.10. radianta. a. sb. who is radiant looks extremely happyb. very brightExamples:One day when I arrived at her bedside she was radiant. (41)The sea was a radiant blue.11. stirv. a. to move food around in a dish using a spoon or other objectsb. to make sb. feel upset, or enthusiasticc. to move or be moved slightly by windExamples:Please stir the soup before tasting it.The murder has stirred (up) a lot of ill feeling in the community.... when age finally stirs their curiosity (46)The white curtain stirred gently in the summer breeze.12. transparenta. a. clear or thin enough for you to see things throughb. easily seen through or detected; obviousc. not trying to keep anything secretExamples:Glass is a transparent material.It is a transparent lie.Citizens are asking for a more transparent democratic government.13. vein n.a. one of the tubes in your body that carry blood to your heartb. a layer of a metal or other substance inside the earthc. a particular mood, style or substanced. a supply or amount of a particular thing14. wearn. a. damage or changes that affect sth. when it has been used a lotb. fatigue, exhaustionc. clothes that are suitable for a particular activity or group of peopleExamples:There was heavy wear on all four wheels.... that age and wear could be overcome by an effort of will, (39)I didn't bring any evening wear.15. 1. blood and boneyour own flesh and bloodExamples:I couldn't see my blood and bone (flesh andblood) insulted in this way.bad blood 怨恨be after sb.’s blood恨透了某人Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水have sb’s blood on your hands导致某人死亡make your blood boil怒火中烧make your blood run cold令人毛骨悚然new/fresh blood新增成员bonea bag of bones骨瘦如柴的人chilled/frozen to the bone 寒冷刺骨close to the bone 露骨的feel/know sth. in your bones极为确信某事have a bone to pick with sb. 对某人生气，抱怨16. mend one’s waysto improve one’s behavior after you have been behaving badly for a long timeExamples:… I suppose, that she was mending her ways. (40)mend fences: to try to become friends again with sb. you have argued with The object of the meeting was primarily to mend fences.17. on one’s mindto keep thinking about and worrying about sth.Examples:Y ou seem quiet today. Do you have anything on your mi nd?Work is very much on her mind at the moment.18. on the runa. while you are busy or hurryingb. trying to hide or escape from sb., especially the policec. in a weak position in an argument or competitionExamples:I had to eat lunch on the run today.A dangerous criminal is on the run in the bay area of the city.Labor has the Conservatives on the run.19. pep talka talk during which sb. encourages you to do sth. better or to work harderExamples:We got a pep talk from our coach.pep up: to make sb. or sth. more active and livelyA short break would pep you up.We need to look at ways of pepping up theeconomy.20. silver lininga hopeful or comforting prospect in themidst of difficultyExamples:Every cloud has a silver lining.Three years earlier I had… and… hadwritten her with some banal advice to lookfor the silver lining (39)21. way outa. far from other places or buildingn. a way of dealing with a problemExamples:Our farm is way out beyond the town.There must be a way out of this mess.Word Building1. overgrown (4)Prefix—overa. too much: used with verbs, nouns oradjectivesb. more than: used with some nounsc. on or above: used with some nounsd. on top of: used with some nounsExamples:to overheat, an overreaction, overconfidenceover-sixtiesoverland, overhead2. unutterable (52)prefix—un suffix—ablemore examples:Unspeakable unthinkable unreadable unavoidable 3. inconceivable (4)prefix—in Suffix—ablemore examples:Invisible inadvisable incredible incurableIV. Text appreciation：1. Theme of the storyIt is the responsibility of both parents and children to bridge the generation gap. On the one hand, young people should have more interest and respect of what their parents stand for. On the other hand, old people should show under standing to young people’s great interest in the future.2. Structure of the textPart 1 (1-45) about: Understanding of a mother from a son’s point of view Part 2 (.46-53 ) about: Understanding of children from a father’s point of view Part 3 (54--55 ) about: Meeting of the two views3. T ext Analysis（1）What was the character of the mother when she was young?（Scan the text and list out the related information.）（2）Question: What values do you think were reflected in the mother’s way of life when she was young?The mother was always on the run and working hard because she believed that hard working is the necessary part of one’s life. Life was a struggle, a fight, a battle for survival, for salvation, and for the glory of God. Only by hard working can one be successful in the end. Those who were lazy, timid, loitering and afraid to tell others the true feelings were losers of the life.（3）How did the author react to his mother’s senility from a son’s point of view?I could not accept the inevitable.I soon stopped trying to argue her back to what I（4）Question: What made the author change his reaction to his mother’s senility?At the beginning, he tried to argue his mother back to reality from his point of view because he believed that his mother being a normal person would be better for her and her family. But later when he began to look at it from his mother’s point of view, he understood his mother was much happier when she could travel back to her childhood when she was loved and needed. So he would like to travel along with her into her past and understood his mother more.（5）How did the author understand the relationship with his childrenI had developed the habit of lecturing them onBetween us there was a dispute about time. (6) Question: What does the author mean by “a dispute about time”?(53)It is one of the reasons why there is generation gap between parents and children. The parents always like to talk about their past to the children because that was once their “future” they dreamed of and struggled for. But for the children, they are indifferent to the parents’ “future” because it is past for them. They are now dreaming for their future. This is the dispute of time.Further questions on appreciationWhat happened to the author’s mother at the age of 80? What became of her after her “last” fall?What exactly is the problem with his mother?What kind of a woman was the author’s mother when she was young?Was she happy when she was yo ung? Is she happy now? What are her main complaints?Does the author feel that he has been a good son?What do you think he is trying to say when he hopes that he can step into his mother’s time machine?How does the author understand the generation gap? W hat’s his advice to the younger generation?V. Writing Devices1. Parallelism and RepetitionShe ran after chickens, … She ran when she made the beds, ran when she set the table. … she ran. (15)Repetition: ran…ran…ran…ranParallelism : She ran when she…ran when she…Repetition is a major rhetorical strategy for producing emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect.Parallelism: more examples1.Words and phrases•Not Parallel: The teacher said that he was a poor student because he wait ed until the last minute to study for the exam, complet ed his lab problems in a careless manner, and his motivation was low.•Parallel: The teacher said that he was a poor student because he wait ed until the last minute to study for the exam, complet ed his lab problems in a careless manner, and lack ed motivation.2. clauses•Not Parallel: The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers (passive).•Parallel: The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him questions. 3. Lists after a colon•Not Parallel: The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and looking up irregular verbs.•Parallel: The dictionary can be used for these purposes: to find word meanings, pronunciations, correct spellings, and irregular verbs. Repetition: more examples•Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.(Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like Whites Elephants)•It’s like a windfall, like a godsend, like an unexpected piece of luck.(Joseph Conrad, Youth)There are words like FreedomSweet and wonderful to say.On my heartstrings freedom singsAll day everyday.There are words like libertyThat almost make me cry.If you had known what I knowY ou would know why.James Langston Hughes, Words Like FreedomV. Grammar1. preposition + which/whomThe type of relative clause in which the relative pronoun “which” and “whom” is preceded by a preposition is chiefly used in formal, especially technical or legal writing.In informal, especially spoken English, this structure should be avoided, and the relative pronoun is often omitted.Examples:It was an awkward question with which to beawakened. (formal)There’s some limit nobody should go beyond.(informal)2. preposition+ wh-wordNoun clauses introduced by wh-words are often used after prepositions. Such clauses are common in both informal and formal English. Examples:It was time to come to grips with the magnitude of what he hadcreated.All students should be aware of how they react to new knowledgeand new ways of learning, …We have no definite information yet as to which route he willtake.VI. Paraphrases1.2.3.4. 5.6 7.8.910 1112 13 1415.VII. DiscussionIs the generation gap inevitable?Is the generation gap a serious problem today?Have you ever experienced generation gap between your parents andyourself?Does generation gap only exist between parents and children?What should we do about the generation gap?VIII. Chinese version1.我的母亲在她 80岁时 , 不幸遭遇了她的最后一次跌倒。
大工13秋《大学英语3》辅导资料六
大学英语3辅导资料六主题：Unit 4的重点单词和短语(下)、Unit 4的知识扩展学习时间：2013年11月4日－11月10日内容：NEW WORDS（对课文重点单词的解释）1. impression n. 印象；感想[搭配] 1) impression ofe.g. What’s your impression of Frank as a boss ?（你对身为老板的弗兰克印象如何？）First impressions can be deceptive.（第一印象可能是靠不住的。
）2) create a good/bad impressione.g. Arriving late won’t create a very favorable impression.（迟到不会给人留下好印象。
）2. iron vt.（用熨斗）熨平e.g. Have you ironed my shirt?（你把我的衬衫熨过了吗？）3. matter n. 事情，情况e.g. You do realize this is a serious matter, don’t you?（你确实意识到这是一件严重的事情，对吧？）He wasn’t particularly interested in financial matters.（他对财务上的事不是特别感兴趣。
）[词性变化] matter vi. 重要，要紧，有关系e.g. —We’ve missed the train!（我们已经误了火车了！）—It doesn’t matter, there’s another one in 10 minutes.（没关系，10分钟后还有一趟。
）It mattered a great deal to her what other people thought of her.（其他人怎么看她对她来说极为重要。
）4. mental adj. 心理的；智力的e.g. mental health（心理健康）a child’s mental development（儿童的智力发展）His problem is mental, not physical.（他的问题是心理的而不是身体的。
大学英语三级资料
"College English Learning Companion" (《大学英语学伴》): This tutorial book offers a companion guide for students learning College English, covering a range of topics such as vocabulary building, grammar review, and exam preparation.
02
Organize your thoughts
Jot down key points or an outline before answering.
Answering Skills
Positive self-talk
Replace negative thoughts with positive self-talk to stay motivated and confident.
翻译技巧
掌握基本的翻译技巧，如直译、意译等，能够准确传达原文意思，提高语言转换能力。
写作技巧
02
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大学英语3辅导资料十三主题：对Unit 9的重点单词、短语的讲解学习时间：2013年12月23日－12月29日内容：NEW WORDS1. ashamed adj. 惭愧的[搭配] be ashamed of sth.; be ashamed to do sth.e.g. He felt ashamed of his old clothes.（他衣着陈旧，感到羞愧。
）I was ashamed to admit what I had done.（我羞于承认自己所做的事。
）2. assume vt. 假定，假设e.g. If he’s not here in five minutes, we’ll assume he isn’t coming.（如果他再过五分钟不来，我们就认为他不会来了。
）I assumed that she was American but she was actually Canadian.（我原以为她是美国人，但她实际上是加拿大人。
）3. compassion n. 同情，怜悯e.g. We had compassion for the poor widow.（我们同情这个可怜的寡妇。
）The world’s main religions all teach us to have compassion for the poor and hungry.（世界上几个主要的宗教劝戒我们对贫穷和饥饿的人要有同情心。
）4. description n. 描述e.g. This girl gave a vivid description of the event.（那女孩对这件事作了一番生动的描述。
）The beauty of the sunrise is beyond description.（日出的美景难以描述。
）[词性变化] describe vt. 描述e.g. The police asked me to describe the man.（警方叫我描述一下那名男子的容貌。
）5. detective n. 侦探e.g. The company hired a detective to investigate the accident.（公司雇佣了一名侦探来调查这次事故。
）The detective laid great stress on details.（侦探特别强调细节。
）6. distress n. 苦恼；痛苦e.g. The sick man showed signs of distress.（病人显出十分痛苦的样子。
）people in distress because of lack of money（因没有钱而受苦受难的人们）7. exhaust vt. 使（某人）精疲力竭e.g. I’m absolutely exhausted.（我疲倦不堪！）That child exhausts me.（那孩子弄得我精疲力竭。
）8. familiar adj. 熟悉的e.g. He looks so familiar but I can't remember his name.（他看上去非常面熟，但我想不起他的名字来了。
）I am not really familiar with the local laws.（实际上我对当地的法律并不熟。
）9. ignore vt. 忽视；不顾；不理e.g. Ignore those boys and they’ll soon stop misbehaving.（别理会那些男孩，他们过一会儿就不闹了。
）He knew there was a speed limit but he ignored it and drove very fast.（他知道车速限制，但却置之不理，把车开得飞快。
）10. indifferent adj. 漠不关心的e.g. He is indifferent to the result of the exam.（他对考试结果漠不关心。
）His manner was cold and indifferent.（他的态度既冷淡又无动于衷。
）11. reaction n. 反应e.g. What was his reaction to the news?（他对这消息的反应如何？）Running away is our instinctive reaction when we meet danger.（遇到危险时，我们的本能反应就是跑开。
）[词性变化] react vi. 作出反应e.g. The firm reacted to the workers’ complaints by dismissing the director.（公司对工人投诉的反应是解雇了这个董事。
）12. regard vt. 考虑；看待e.g. I have always regarded him highly.（我总是非常尊敬他。
）I regard him as my friend.（我视他为朋友。
）13. sheer adj. 完全的；纯粹的e.g. He won by sheer determination.（他全靠决心取胜。
）It was sheer luck.（那纯属运气。
）14. spare vt. 让给，抽出（时间）e.g. Let’s go! There’s no time to spare.（我们快走吧！没有时间了。
）I’ve got money to spare.（我有多余的钱。
）15. surprise vt. 使（某人）吃惊e.g. I was surprised to hear that his wife had left him.（听到他的妻子已离他而去，我感到很意外。
）They surprised us with a visit.（他们突然造访，令我们大吃一惊。
）16. tragedy n. 悲剧e.g. The tragedy is all over now.（悲剧结束了。
）Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a very famous tragedy.（莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》是一部十分著名的悲剧。
）17. victim n. 受害者e.g. Four people were killed in the explosion, but police have not yet named the victims.（爆炸中有四人丧生，但警方尚未公布遇难者的姓名。
）We are collecting money for the famine victim.（我们在为遭受饥荒的灾民募捐。
）EXPRESSIONS1. file away 归档e.g. File away the letters carefully, please.（请将这些信件仔细归档。
）2. in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事e.g. She went there alone in an attempt to find out the truth.（她独自去那，试图找到真相。
）3. in vain 徒劳，白费力气e.g. We tried in vain to make him change his mind.（我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。
）4. pass out 昏倒, 失去知觉e.g. He would pass out if he took one more drink.（要是他再喝一杯酒的话，他就会醉倒了。
）统考例题（重点掌握）1. She ________ to Beijing. She will be back soon.A. wentB. has beenC. goesD. has gone解析：“She will be back soon.”暗示她不在说话地点，去了北京。
而has been只能用来表示经历“去过北京”，这与句子所要表达的意思不符。
因而正确选项是D。
2. It is the third time ________ late this month.A. that you have come to workB. when you have come to workC. that you came to workD. when you came to work解析：本题用了“It is + 第几次+ that …”的结构，这是要用现在完成时的典型结构，正确选项是A。
3. How long do you think the meeting _________?A. lastsB. will lastC. is lastedD. is lasting解析：在本题中，last用作动词，不能用于被动结构。
正确选项是B。
4. Every possible means _______to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. was usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used 解析：本题该用现在完成时态的被动结构。
原句意为“已采用了一切可能的手段来预防污染。
”means作“手段”解，单复数同形，但因前面有every作修饰语，means在句中用作单数，因而正确选项是C。
5. The new suspension bridge ________ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designedD. would be designed解析：句中由by the end of last month作状语，表示过去时间，该用过去完成时。
本句还要采用被动结构。
正确选项是B。
练习题（重点练习）1. The girl sometimes has difficulty _________ what the teacher says in class.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood2. What is the train ________ to Birmingham?A. feeB. tipC. fareD. cost3. In many ways, riding a bicycle is similar to ________.A. the driving a carB. driving a carC. when you drive a carD. when driving a car4. This kind of plant _______ a lot of water at all times.A. assumesB. limitsC. producesD. requires5. The plane was about to _________, and yet I left my ticket behind.A. take offB. take onC. take upD. take in答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A。