动名词的句法作用
英语总结:高考复习之动名词用法小结

英语总结:高考复习之动名词用法小结动名词可以跟动词一样,拥有自己的宾语或者状语,也可以像名词那样,在句子中作主语、宾语等成分。
动名词的构成方式:v.+ -ing。
一、动名词的句法功能动名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。
1.作主语用来表示一般性或经常性的意义,有时可与不定式互换。
如:Swimming with dolphins is one of the world s most profitable tourist activities.注意:单个的动名词或动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例1 (2011年高考新课标卷)Planning so far ahead no sense-so many things will have changed by next year.A. madeB. is makingC. makesD. has made解析:答案为C。
动名词(planning so far ahead)在句中作主语。
句意为:计划这么超前没有意义,到明年好多情况会发生变化的。
破折号前说的是现在的客观情况,应该用一般现在时,因此正确答案为C。
动名词短语作主语时,为了避免句子头重脚轻,保持句子平衡,习惯将动名词短语放在句尾,而用it作形式主语。
这样,句子结构一目了然,便于读者理解。
如:It s no good spending too much time chatting or playing online games.用于这种形式的表语常是一些特定的形容词或名词,如useful,good,nice,no use,no good,fun等。
2.作宾语动名词既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
如:He loved experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.The manager said he was looking forward to seeing all the newly-made plans carried out in time.注意:句中若出现宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语后置。
英语语法:动名词的句法功能

英语语法:动名词的句法功能动名词的句法功能动名词是非谓语动词的一种,它由动词原形加-ing构成,形式上与现在分词相同。
动名词除具有动词性质外,还具有名词的性质。
动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等,但不能用作谓语(故称动名词为非谓语动词)。
一、动名词用作主语Saving is getting. 节约即增收。
Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。
Being lost can be a terrifying experience. 迷路有时很可怕。
【注】动名词作主语时,有时可用it作形式主语:It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。
It’s fun being taken to the zoo. 被带去逛动物园很有意思。
用it代替动名词作形式主语的两个常用句型:It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
Is it any good trying to explain? 试图作些解释有用吗?二、动名词用作表语My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
【注】不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语,两者的区别是:动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念,而不定式则多表示具体的、一次性的动作。
三、用作宾语Excuse me for coming late. 对不起我来晚了。
Most students enjoy asking questions in English. 多数学生都喜欢用英语提问。
【注】动词用作介词宾语时,通常只用动名词形式,而不用不定式形式,典型的例外是表示“除外”的except和but(它们后接动词作宾语时通常用不定式)。
动名词

动名词英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念,另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词:在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
例如:They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend.在寻找工作和结交朋友方面,他们不断地遇到歧视。
Living in gigs means having one room in someone's house.寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。
附:动名词用法口诀:动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。
Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。
用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。
用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。
用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。
用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。
否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。
说明:1、主-----主语2、宾-----宾语3、表------表语4、定------定语5、谓动---谓语动词1.2常见题型1)动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数2)在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling 也对)4)有些词后只能接动名词acknowledge;admit; advise;advocate;allow;appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; itinvolves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...5)另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point...6)有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
动名词与现在分词的区别

动名词与现在分词的区别动名词和现在分词都是动词的一种形式,但是它们在用法和句法功能上存在显著的区别。
以下将从定义、语法和句法功能三个方面进行详细的比较。
一、定义动名词(gerund)是一种具有名词性质的动词形式,通常通过在动词后加“-ing”构成。
它在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。
现在分词(present participle)是一种具有形容词和副词性质的动词形式,通常通过在动词后加“-ing”构成。
它在句子中可以作为形容词、副词等修饰语,也可以作为状语表示时间、方式、条件等。
二、语法动名词可以作为句子中的主语、宾语、表语等,具有名词的语法功能。
它具有数、性、格的变化,与名词一样可以受定冠词、不定冠词、人称代词等限定词的修饰。
现在分词作为形容词和副词,可以用来修饰名词、代词等,也可以在句子中作状语。
它没有数的变化,没有格的变化,但是可以有性的变化。
现在分词作为形容词时,可以放在被修饰词的前面或后面,作为副词时,则通常放在被修饰词的后面。
此外,动名词和现在分词在时态上也有区别。
动名词通常表示一般性动作或状态,没有时间的限制,而现在分词则表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
三、句法功能动名词在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语等,主要起到一个名词的作用。
例如,在句子“Reading is fun.”中,“reading”作为主语,表示阅读这个动作或行为。
在句子“I enjoy reading.”中,“reading”作为宾语,表示被享受的动作或行为。
在句子“My hobby is reading.”中,“reading”作为表语,表示我的爱好是什么。
现在分词在句子中主要作为形容词、副词等修饰语,起到一个修饰、描述或说明的作用。
例如,在句子“The dog is running after the ball.”中,“running”作为现在分词作形容词,描述了“dog”的状态。
在句子“While I was reading, she came in.”中,“reading”作为现在分词作状语,表示我正在进行的动作。
动名词

动名词一、概说:动名词是非谓语动词的一种,它由动词原形加-ing构成,形式上与现在分词相同。
动名词除具有动词性质外,还具有名词的性质。
动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等,但不能用作谓语(故称动名词为非谓语动词)。
二、动名词的句法功能:1. 用作主语Finding work is difficult these days. 现今找工作可不容易。
注:动名词作主语时,有时可用it作形式主语。
如:It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。
用it代替动名词作形式主语的两个常用句型:It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
Is it any good trying to explain? 试图作些解释有用吗?注:这些句子的主词都是「动作」,而在英语中,若主词是「动作」,则该「动作」中的「动词」须改为「动名词」,当主词是动名词时,它的动词是第三人单数。
2.用作表语My favorite sport is swimming. His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。
注:不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语,两者的区别是:动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念,而不定式则多表示具体的、一次性的动作。
3. 用作宾语Excuse me for coming late. 对不起我来晚了。
Most students enjoy asking questions in English. 多数学生都喜欢用英语提问。
注:动词用作介词宾语时,通常只用动名词形式,而不用不定式形式,典型的例外是表示“除外”的except和but(它们后接动词作宾语时通常用不定式)。
注:当做部分动词的受词:「以子句为单位,若同一子句中有第二个动词出现时,则该第二个动词要改为『不定词』」。
但在英语中,有些动词则有不同的用法,这些动词后若有接第二个动词时,则须改用「动名词」(V-ing)形式,这种动词迄今有enjoy/finish/keep/practice 等。
2022届高三英语一轮语法知识梳理之动名词的用法

2022年高考英语语法知识点讲解-动名词的用法动名词一、动名词的形式一、动名词的形式1.肯定式2.否定式(1)not doingNot being punctual makes him unreliable.不准时使人觉得他不可靠。
(2)not having doneI’m surprised at your not having noticed.你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。
(3)one’s not doingJenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
动名词二、动名词的句法作用二、动名词的句法作用1.作主语(1)动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It is a waste of time doing ...做……是浪费时间It is no good doing ...做……是没好处It is no use doing ...做……是没用处It’s fun doing ...做……很有意思It is worth doing ...值得做……It doesn’t matter doing ...做……没有关系It is no good talking.空谈是没有用的。
It’s fun working for him.为他工作很有意思。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。
It is a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。
It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。
It doesn’t matter wasting a little money.浪费一点钱没有关系。
【比较】①It was nice meeting you.见到你真高兴!(用于分别时)②It is nice to meet you.(用于刚刚见面时)(2)“There is no doing sth.” 句式中作主语,意为“不可能……,无法……”There’s no denying the fact.这一事实不容否认。
动名词的用法

动名词的用法1. 动名词:动名词的形式是动词,ing,动名词从它的名称上就知道它具有动词和名词的功能,因此它在句中,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语。
下面我们就它的句法功能一一例举:(1)动名词作主语:a. Fishing is a relaxing pastime. 垂钓是一种轻松的消遣。
Climbing a mountain is tiring. 登山很累。
b. 在某些形容词如good,boring,foolish,wonderful,use-less,difficult,nice等作表语,动名词作主语时,可用it作形式主语。
如:his boring watching TV all day. 整天看电视非常枯燥。
It is difficult translating poems into other languages. 把诗词译成其他语言很难。
c. 但在有些形容词如important,essential,impossible,necessary等作表语时,主语只能用动词不定式,而不能用动名词。
如:It's important to keep fit. 身体健康是很重要的。
d. 在It is,no good/no use/fun等名词作表语时,后用动名词。
这时it 也是形式主语,而动名词短语为主语。
如:It's fun sailing in the sea. 在海上航行是很有趣的。
e. 我们常见的标语牌“禁止……”是由“No,动名词”构成。
如:No parking. 禁止停车。
No smoking.禁止吸烟。
(2)动名词作表语:My favorite pastime is playing chess. 我的最大的业余爱好是下棋。
(3)动名词作宾语:a. 作某些及物动词的宾语:常见的动词有:advise,avoid,delay,escape,excuse,en-joy,consider,finish,deny,fancy,keep,mind(在乎)postphone,pardon,practise,suggest,imagine等。
英语动名词的用法是什么

英语动名词的用法是什么动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来。
英语动名词的用法有哪些1.动名词的复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
2.句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
当动名词短语作主语时用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:The queen's job is laying eggs. 蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。
[agree to ,object to, close to , come to , lead to , refer to , equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to] 动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:[enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like,can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, p ay attention to, insist on, feel like ]4)作定语:He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
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1.Swimming is a good sport in summer. 主语 2.The rain prevented us from completing 介词宾语 the work. 3.He can’t fall asleep without sleeping 定语 pills. 4. Others try to create advertisements that people enjoy looking at. 动词宾语 5. The only thing that interests her is working. 表语
The government should take measures to prevent this river from being polluted.
His not passing the exam made his father very angry.
10.我期待收到你的来信。(look forward to) I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
6.他正在考虑换工作。(consider)
He is considering changing his job.
He came in without being noticed.
7.他走进来了, 没有被看见. (without) 8.政府应该采取措施防止这条河流受污染。 (take measures to do, prevent …from…) 9.他没有通过考试使他父亲非常生气。
自学学案1-2页内容, 理解掌握主要要点。 (5 minutes)
Summary
动 名 词 的 句 法 作 用
动名词直接位于句首
作主语 作宾语
பைடு நூலகம்
It置于句首作形式主语, 动名词后置 作动词的宾语 作介词的宾语
作表语 作定语
表示主语的内容
表示名词的功 能、用途
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words given: 1. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (walk) 2. With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty ______ his house. (find) 3. One learns a language by making mistakes and _____ (correct) them.(2012北京) 4. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save) 5._______ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. (2013福建)
As a senior high school student , everyone dreams of going to his/her ideal university. But success won’t come to you unless you go for it. Realizing your dream calls for hard work and perseverance . So I think : No matter how poor your English is , as long as you believe in yourself ,work hard at it and keep moving , you will succeed sooner or later! Take action RIGHT NOW!
改为 Seeing is believing或To see is to believe.
10. We don’t allow people smoking in this room. 改为to smoke 或 people删掉
III. Fill in the blanks: Here are some easy steps in 61 (increase) your energy and __62__(give)you a greater level of health and fitness. Drink a glass of water before each meal . Water helps to fill your stomach at mealtimes so that you will naturally eat smaller meals. Eat breakfast every day. After a night of __63__ (not eat) ,your body needs some fuel __64___ (start) the day. Eat _65 _ apple a day. An apple is a quick, healthy snack __66__ fills your stomach and provides healthy nutrients and fiber.
4. It’s no use to persuade him to change his mind; he never listens.
persuading
5. They insisted on giving another chance to try.
being given
6. She decided to devote herself to study the problem of old age. studying 7. Eating too much meat and going to bed too late is bad for our health. are 8. Shall we have a rest or get down to do our work? doing 9. To see is believing .
riding
2. He apologized to his teacher for having not finished his homework on time. not having 3. He came into the room without noticing.
being noticed
高考中主要考查动名词作主语和 宾语(包括动词宾语和介词宾语) 的用法,命题集中在语法填空、短 文改错,另外在书面表达中恰当使 用动名词也会使文章增色提分。
Learning objectives: 1.Understand the function of Gerund in a sentence; 2.Learn to use Gerund as subject (主语)and object(宾语).
6.being invited 7.studying 8.holding 9.being persuaded 10.arguing
II. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 1. He prefers walking to ride a bus.
Gerunds
动名词是动词非谓语形式的 一种,起名词的作用,因此 在句中可以作主语、宾语、 表语、定语等。动名词还可 以带有自己的宾语、状语等, 构成动名词短语。动名词根 据需要有时态和语态的变化。
The function of Gerund
动名词的句法作用
The application of Gerunds in NMET 高考考点
61.increasing 63.not eating 65.an
62. giving 64.to start 66. that
Do exercise. __65___ ( set ) a goal to walk after dinner every night is good, but it is all too easy to __66__ an excuse when the time comes. If you get into the habit of __67_ (do) exercise, you will increase your fitness even on the days when you cannot go for a scheduled walk. One of _ 68_ (easy) ways to do this is to park your car as far from a store 69 your office building entrance as you can . This extra walk through the _70__(park) lot every day will, over time, increase your fitness level.
65.Setting 66.make 68.the easiest 69.or 67.doing 70.parking
IV. Translate the following sentences into English.
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳. My favorite sport is swimming. 2.多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(be beneficial to) Eating more vegetables and fruits is beneficial to your health. 3.今天去没有用, 他不会在家. (It is no use …) It’s no use going there today. He won't/can't be in. 4.你写完作文了吗? Have you finished writing your composition? 5.你应该避免犯同样的错误.(avoid) You should avoid making the same mistakes.