甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试历史试题 Word版含答案
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。
满分100分，考试时间100分钟。
注意事项：1.各题的答案或解答过程均写在答题卡上指定的位置，写在试题卷上的无效；2.答题前，考生务必将自己的“班级”和“姓名”写在答题卡密封线内；3.考试结束，只交答题卡；AAAAA4.可能用到的相对原子质量（原子量）：H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 Na—23 Al—27 S—32 Fe—56 Cu—64第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共48分）一、选择题（本题包括24小题，每小题2分，共48分。
每题只有一个选项符合题意．．．．．．．．．．．．。
）1．化学与科技、社会、环境密切相关。
下列有关说法正确的是（）A．pH小于7的雨水被称为酸雨B．明矾溶于水可产生具有吸附性的胶体粒子，常用于饮用水的杀菌消毒C．推广使用燃煤脱硫技术，主要是为了防治SO2污染D．PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米(2.5×10－6m)的细小可吸入颗粒物，其与空气形成的分散系属于胶体2．下列不．涉及．．氧化还原反应的是（）A．自然界中“氮的固定”B．用铂丝蘸取NaCl溶液进行焰色反应C．食物腐败变质D．铜铸塑像上出现铜绿[Cu2(OH)2CO3]3．能证明下列物质具有漂白性的是（）A．向加有酚酞的NaOH溶液中通入氯气，溶液立即褪色B．向加有酚酞的水中投入少量Na2O2粉末，溶液先变红，后褪色C．显红色的酚酞溶液中通入SO2后，红色褪去D．向溶有KMnO4的酸性溶液中通入SO2后，溶液紫红色褪去4．往浅绿色的Fe(NO3)2溶液中逐滴加入稀盐酸，溶液的颜色变化应该是（）A．变棕黄色B．变浅绿色C．变棕红色D．没有改变5．下列有关物质性质的应用不．正确．．的是（）A ．液氨汽化时要吸收大量的热，可用作制冷剂B ．生石灰能与水反应，可用干燥氯气C ．维生素C 受热易被氧化，所以有些新鲜蔬菜生吃较好D ．氮气的化学性质不活泼，可用作粮食和食品仓库的保护气6．设N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的是（ ）A ．标准状况下，5.6 LNO 和16.8 LO 2的混合气体中含有分子数为N AB ．0.1 mol Fe 在氧气中充分燃烧失电子数为0.3N AC ．在1 L lmol·L －1的氨水中，含有的NH 3与NH 3·H 2O 分子的总数为N AD ．标准状况下，40gSO 3所占的体积一定小于11.2 L7．在配制500ml 0.1mol/L 的H 2SO 4溶液时，下列操作中会导致结果偏高的是（ ）A ．洗净的容量瓶未经干燥就用于配制溶液B ．未等溶液降至室温就转移至容量瓶C ．转移溶液时不慎洒到容量瓶外D ．定容时仰视刻度线8．将一盛满Cl 2的试管倒立在水槽中，当日光照射相当长一段时间后，试管中最后剩余气体的体积占试管容积的（ ）A ．41B ．31C ．21D ．32 9．下列实验装置或操作正确的是（ ）A ．用甲图装置验证CH 3COOH 、H 2CO 3和H 2SiO 3的酸性强弱B ．用乙图装置配制一定浓度的稀硫酸C ．用丙图装置验证NaHCO 3和Na 2CO 3的热稳定性D ．用丁图装置制备并收集少量NO 2气体10．下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．航天飞机上的隔热陶瓷瓦属于优质合金材料B ．将少量CO 2通入CaCl 2溶液能生成白色沉淀C ．蔗糖中加入浓硫酸后出现发黑现象，说明浓硫酸具有吸水性D．碱性氧化物一定是金属氧化物，金属氧化物不一定是碱性氧化物11．除去下列物质中的杂质（括号内为杂质），所选用的试剂和方法都正确的是（）12．下列实验能达到预期目的的是（）A．检验溶液中是否含有CO32－：滴加稀盐酸，将产生的气体通入澄清石灰水B．检验溶液中是否含有SO42－：先滴加氯化钡溶液，再滴加稀盐酸C．检验溶液中是否含有Fe2+：先滴加氯水，再滴加KSCN溶液D．检验溶液中是否含有NH4+：先滴加浓NaOH溶液并加热，再用湿润的红色石蕊试纸13．已知A、B、C、D四种物质中均含同种元素，且它们之间的转化关系如下。
甘肃省兰州2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
ANobody likes home economics(家政学). But restoring the program could help us in the fighting against obesity and chronic diseases today.The home economics movement was founded on the belief that housework and food preparation were important subjects that should be studied scientifically. The first classes occurred in the agricultural and technical colleges that were built in the 1860s. When most departments of universities rejected women, home economics was a back door into higher education.Indeed, in the early 20th century, home economics was a serious subject. When few people understood germ(微生物)theory and almost no one had heard of vitamins, home economics classes offered vital information about washing hands regularly, eating fruits and vegetables and not feeding coffee to babies.However, today we remember only the fixed ideas about home economics, forgetting the movement’s most important lessons on healthy eating and cooking. Too many Americans simply don’t know how to cook. Our diets, consisting of highly processed foods made cheaply outside the home, have contributed to many serious health problems. In the last decade, many cities and states have tried to tax junk food heavily or to ban the use of food stamps to buy soda. Clearly, many people are doubtful about any governmental steps to promote healthy eating. But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook?My first experience with home economics happened two decades ago when I was a seventh grader in a North Carolina public school. A year later, my father’s job took our family to Wales, where I attended a large school for a few months. It was the first time I had ever really cooked anything. I remember that it was fun, and with an instructor standing by, it wasn’t hard. Those lessons stuck with me when I first started cooking for my husband and myself after college and they will do. Teaching cooking in public schools can help solve some problems facing Americans today. The history of home economics shows it’s possible.1.Home economics ______.A.is a subject becoming more and more popular with AmericansB.is often used to help fight against obesity and chronic diseasesC.once offered women a special approach to university educationD.was first taught in the agricultural and technical colleges in the early 1900s2.The third paragraph mainly tells us ______.A.the importance of regular hand washingB.the health benefits of fruits and vegetablesC.the contents of home economics classes in the early 20th centuryD.the significance of teaching home economics in the early 20th century3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A.Her family moved frequently in her childhoodB.Cooking classes have a far-reaching influence on her later life.C.To receive a better education, she went to a large school in WalesD.Teaching cooking is the key to solving Americans’ health problemsBSelf-esteem is all about how much we feel valued, loved , accepted and thought well of by others and how much we value , love and accept ourselves. People with healthy self-esteem are able to do better in school and find it easier to make friends. They tend to have better relationships with others, feel happier, find it easier to deal with mistakes and failures, and more likely to stick to something until they succeed. People with low self-esteem often feel as if no one will like them or accept them or that they don’t do well in anything.The following ways may help you improve your self-esteem.Try to stop thinking negative thoughts about yourself. If you’re used to focusing on your shortcomings, start thinking about positive aspects of yourself that overweigh them. It is good to aim high, but your goals for yourself should be within reach. That’s why you should set practical goals and never expect the impossible. Mistakes are part of learning, so view mistakes as learning opportunities. Accept that you make mistakes because everyone does. Also, you should recognize what you can change and what you can’t. If you realize that you’re unhappy with something about yourself that you can change, start today. If it’s something you can’t change(like your height), start to work toward loving yourself the way you are. Feeling like you’re making a difference and that your help is valued can do wonders to improve your self-esteem. So don’t hesitate to make a contribution. You can lend a hand to a classmate who’s having trouble, help clean up your neighborhood or volunteer to do some other things.Self-esteem plays a role in almost everything you do. It takes some work, but it’sa skill you’ll have for life.4.The passage is mainly about ______.A.what self-esteem meansB.what people with how self-esteem are likeC.how people improve their self-esteemD.what people with healthy self-esteem are like5.We can infer from the passage that ______.A.the old tend to have healthier self-esteem than the youngB.we should build healthy, positive self-esteem when youngC.there are more people with low self-esteemD.it is not easy to build healthy self-esteem6.The underlined word“them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.A.your strong pointsB.your weaknesses and faultsC.your aims and goalsD.your classmatesCEarly this month, the Obama Administration called for increased protection of the world’s most southern continent, Antarctica. Scientists say climate change and human activity have increasingly led to the melting of massive pieces of Antarctic ice. The disappearance of ice will not only affect wildlife in the area such as seals and penguins. The melting will also cause oceans and seas around the world to rise. This represents a major threat, especially to coastal areas. For example, the ancient city of Venice, Italy has long been threatened by rising sea levels. The situation is made worse by the fact that its ancient buildings, built on a body of water called a lagoon are slowly sinking. When the city was founded about 1,600 years ago, the levels of the Adriatic Sea was almost two meters lower than it is today. Rising sea levels are not the only threat. The salty water is also destroying Venice’s famous buildings and artworks. The Italian government is trying to fix the problem with the construction of a seven-billion-dollar of moving flood barriers.Climate change is also leading to the melting of ice in other areas, such as Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. It is the highest point in Africa, measuring almost 6,000 meters. The mountain supports five vegetation zones and many kinds of animals. The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly. This will have a bad effect on the mountain’s ecosystems and on Tanzania’s travel industry. Also, a valuable record of thousands of years of weather history will also be lost if the ice melts. Scientists study pieces of glacier to understand weather patterns from thousands of years ago.In the United States, the icy masses in Glacier National Park in Montana may soon completely disappear because of climate change, In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glacier in the more than 400,000-hectare park.There are twenty-six glaciers remaining today. Scientists estimate that the glaciers will be gone by 2030. Warning temperatures are also threatening many kinds of plants and animals that live in this mountain ecosystem.7.According to the passage, what has been affected in Italy by rising sea levels?A.Its ancient buildings are slowly sinking.B.Venice’s famous buildings and artworks are also being destroyed.C.The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly.D.Both A and B.8.How many glaciers have disappeared since 1850 in Glacier National Parks?A.Around 150.B.About 26.C.About 400,000.D.Around 124.9.The writer developed the passage mainly by ______.A.listing reasonsB.giving examplesC.making comparisonsing quotations10..What could be the best title of the passage?A.Climate ChangeB.The Melting of Massive Pieces of Antarctic IceC.Visiting Endangered Places around the WorldD.The Disappearance of the Ice Glacier第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高一上学期期末考试历史试题
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高一上学期期末考试历史试题说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（单项选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。
第Ⅰ卷（单项选择题）一、单项选择题（共25小题，每道题2分，共50分）。
1．禹建立夏朝。
禹死后，他的儿子启夺得王位。
对此认识不．正确的是A.“公天下”变“家天下”B.王位世袭制代替了禅让制C.社会历史的倒退D.私有制产生的必然结果2.《吕氏春秋》记载：“微子启虽长，系庶出，不得立；纣王虽幼，以嫡立。
”材料反映了A.财产继承的原则B.宗法制的基本法则C.任人唯才的要求D.兄终弟及的传统3.秦朝建立了一套完备的中央政权组织，其中地位最高的三个官职是A.丞相、奉常、卫尉B.御史大夫、郎中令、太尉C.丞相、御史大夫、太尉D.卫尉、御史大夫、廷尉4.恩格斯指出：国家是一种“特殊的公共权力，构成这种权力的，不仅有武装的人，而且还有物质的附属物，如监狱和各种强制机关”。
中国古代社会的“特殊的公共权力”的特征是A.外儒内法 B.皇权加强、相权削弱C.对地方的监督不断加强D.实行专制主义中央集权制度5.“希腊地区没有丰富的自然资——没有肥沃的大河流域和广阔的平原，而具备这些天然条件，并合理地开发和利用，是供养如中东、印度和中国所建立的那种复杂帝国组织所必需的。
”对材料理解最准确的是A.希腊地区的贫穷使得它比起东方各国发展缓慢B.希腊特殊的自然环境使它产生了不同于东方的政治制度C.正是因为希腊地理环境的恶劣才产生了民主政治D.地理环境决定了东西方政治制度的差异6.克利斯提尼于公元前509年联合平民推翻贵族统治，并当选为首席执政官。
他在位时期A.废除了债务奴隶制B.建立四百人议事会C.确立“陶片放逐法”D.给予公职人员津贴7.古代希腊哲学家苏格拉底说：“如果做鞋或评判鞋的好坏要请教具有专门知识的鞋匠，为什么治理国家和评判政治的好坏却不去请教具有专门政治知识的人，而去请教只具有制鞋、做马具等手艺的人，甚至并无任何专门知识可言的人呢？”这实际上表明苏格拉底A.反对直接民主B.反对手工艺人参与国家政治C.反对问政于民D.反对当时评判政治好坏的标准8.《十二铜表法》的诞生标志着罗马成文法的诞生，它在一定程度上限制了贵族特权。
甘肃省兰州2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试物理试题]
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甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试物理试题说明：本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，共18小题，满分100分，考试时间100分钟。
答题时请将答案写在答题卡上相应的位置，考试结束后只交答题卡。
第I 卷（选择题，共48分）一、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中，其中1、6、10和12小题有多个选项正确，其余小题只有一个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错或不选的得0分） 1、下列说法中正确的是A ．磁极之间的相互作用是通过磁场发生的B ．磁感线和磁场一样也是客观存在的C ．一切磁现象都起于电流或运动电荷，一切磁作用都是电流或运动电荷之间通过磁场而发生的相互作用D ．根据安培分子电流假说，在外界磁场的作用下，物体内部分子电流取向变得大致相同时，物体被磁化，两端形成磁极 2、关于对磁感应强度的定义式ILF=B 的理解，正确的是 A ．磁感应强度B 的大小与磁场力F 成正比，与电流强度I 和导线长度L 的乘积成反比 B ．磁感应强度B 的方向由安培力F 的方向决定C ．磁感应强度B 的方向与小磁针N 极的指向相同D ．处在磁场中且与磁场方向垂直的通电导线，在任何情况下所受磁场力F 与电流强度和导线长度的乘积IL 的比都是恒定的，且不为零3、要把动能和速度方向都相同的质子和α粒子分离开，则A ．用电场和磁场都可以B ．用电场和磁场都不行C ．只能用电场而不能用磁场D ．只能用磁场而不能用电场4、如图所示，有a 、b 、c 、d 四种离子，它们带等量同种电荷，质量不等，且m a =m b <m c =m d ，以不等的速率dc b a v v v v <=<进入速度选择器后，有两种从速度选择器中射出，进入B 2磁场，由此可判定 A ．射向P 1的是a 离子 B ．射向P 2的是b 离子 C ．射到A 1的是c 离子D ．射到A 2的是d 离子 5、一个负电荷从电场中的A 点由静止释放，仅在电场力作用下沿电场线由A 点运动到B 点，它运动的v －t 图象如甲图所示。
甘肃省高台县第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期中考试历史(文)试题
甘肃省高台县第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期中考试历史（文）试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
共100分，考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（选择题）本卷共50个小题，每小题1分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．“在理论上，继承者首先是嫡长子，其次是嫡次子；如果没有嫡子，再考虑由庶子来继承。
然而在实际运作中，一国之君或权臣之族可以根据其喜好，来挑选他们认为合适的庶子做继承人。
这使得各王子及其各自的母亲诡计百出，以求恩宠。
”这一观点实质上A．否认了嫡长子继承制的合法性 B．论证了商周时期宗法制的混乱C．反映了宗法制下对王权的争夺 D．抨击了一夫多妻制产生的弊端2．“这种选拔人才的制度，其弊端也是一目了然的：那就是主观性太强，一切唯选拔者马首是瞻——说你行就行，不行也行：说你不行就不行，行也不行。
”这一评价的制度A．世袭制 B．军功制 C．察举制 D．科举制3．海伦·琼斯在《建筑与民主》中说:“……公民的权利与规模意味着政治是在公开场合进行的。
而雅典人通常在雅典卫城西面的普尼克斯山半圆形的山坡上集会。
……它的形状确保了每一个参加者不仅能看到发言的人,也可以看到其他出席的人。
”此段描述A.体现了雅典民主政治的开放性B.反映了雅典分权与制衡的民主原则C.折射出雅典民主政治的局限性D.揭示了雅典民主政治的公正与客观4．《十二铜表法》第九表有这样的条款“不得为任何个人的利益,制定特别的法律”“任何人非经审判,不得处死刑”。
这体现了《十二铜表法》( )A.维护了奴隶主贵族的利益B.蕴含“法治”的精神C.使平民的利益得到保护D.使贵族不能随意解释法律5. 《英国文化模式溯源》中说:“‘光荣革命’的重要性不仅在于推翻了一个不得人心的老国王,更重要的是它拥立了一个愿意服从议会的新国王。
”这表明光荣革命( )A.开启了英国主权在于议会的政治格局B.宣告了英王“统而不治”时代的到来C.标志着英国君主立宪制政体最终确立D.促使资产阶级代议制在英国率先形成6.美国1787年宪法规定：“法官任职终身，除因违法失职经国会弹劾程序予以罢免之外，总统和其他机关均不得任意将其免职。
甘肃省兰州第一中学2015届高三上学期期中考试 物理
兰州一中2014-2015-1高三年级期中考试试题理科综合注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、座位号填写在三张答题卡上。
2.试卷满分300分，考试时间150分钟。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 O —16 Mg —24 Cu —64二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
15．汽车在平直公路上以速度v 0匀速行驶，发动机功率为P，快进入闹市区时，司机减小了油门，使汽车的功率立即减小一半并保持该功率继续行驶，以下哪个图象正确表示了从司机减小油门后汽车的速度与时间的关系16．如图所示，质量为M 的物体内有光滑圆形轨道，现有一质量为m 的小滑块沿该圆形轨道的竖直面做圆周运动，A 、C 为圆周的最高点和最低点，B 、D 与圆心O 在同一水平线上．小滑块运动时，物体M 保持静止，关于物体M 对地面的压力N 和地面对物体的摩擦力，下列说法正确的是A ．滑块运动到A 点时，N >Mg ，摩擦力方向向左B ．滑块运动到B 点时，N =Mg ，摩擦力方向向右C ．滑块运动到C 点时，N <( M +m ) g ，M 与地面无摩擦力D ．滑块运动到D 点时，N =( M +m ) g ，摩擦力方向向左17．如图所示，AB 杆以恒定角速度ω绕A 点在竖直平面内转动，并带动套在固定水平杆OC 上的小环M 运动，AO 间距离为h 。
运动开始时AB 杆在竖直位置，则经过时间t （小环仍套A 0.5v vB 0.5v v D0.5v v C 0.5v v在AB和OC杆上）小环M的速度大小为A．ωhB．ωh tan（ωt）C．ωhcos(ωt)D．ωh cos2(ωt)18．如下图，穿在水平直杆上质量为m的小球开始时静止。
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年度高三上学期期中考试英语试题及答案
甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年度高三上学期期中考试英语试题及答案本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号框, 不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．ADo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone‟s life?If yes, don‟t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you‟ll make it!Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)Place: ManchesterHours: Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don‟t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you‟ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1. The text is meant to ________.A. leave a noteB. send an invitationC. carry an advertisementD. present a document2. What does the underlined part mean?A. You‟ll arrive home just in time from this job.B. You‟ll make others‟ lives more meaningful with this job.C. You‟ll earn a good salary from this job.D. You‟ll succeed in getting this job.3. The volunteers‟ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.A. to get some financial supportB. to properly protect themselvesC. to realize their own importanceD. to learn some new living skills4. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A. The one who has done similar work before.B. The one who can drive a car.C. The one who has patience to listen to others.D. The one who can use English to communicate.BWealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略). There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container.Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money.When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year‟s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something in it.Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two wor ds changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born.Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely.5. What is the piggy bank strategy?A. Paying 1% income tax at a time.B. Setting a goal before making a travel plan.C. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.D. Aiming high even when doing small things.6. Why did the writer‟s pa rents give him a piggy bank as a gift?A. To delight him with the latest fashion.B. To encourage him to climb mountains.C. To teach him English pronunciation.D. To help him form the habit of saving.7. The piggy bank originally was ________.A. a cheap clay containerB. a potter‟s instrumentC. an animal-shaped dishD. a pig-like toy for children8. The last paragraph talks about ________.A. the seriousness of educating childrenB. the enjoyment of taking a great tripC. the difficulty of starting a businessD. the importance of managing moneyCThe behaviour of a building‟s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.…Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,‟explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，…consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. ‟In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don‟t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it‟s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈）facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals‟ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.9. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.A. the behaviour of building usersB. zero-carbon homesC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions10. What are Katy Janda‟s words mainly about?A. The necessity of making a careful building design.B. The importance of changing building users‟ habits.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.11. The information gap in energy use _______.A. affects the study on energy monitorsB. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users‟ old habits12. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.D. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.DThe kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child.The goal is to find out whether kids using today‟s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they‟re already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program.The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device‟s camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn‟t know any English. That‟s unbelievable,” said Keller.The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It won‟t be in Amharic, Ethiopia‟s first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.13. How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?A. It contributes to their self-study.B. It trains teachers for them.C. It helps raise their living standards.D. It provides funds for building schools.14. It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______.A. draw pictures of animals.B. learn English words quickly.C. write letters to researchers.D. make phone calls to his friends.15. What is the aim of the project?A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.B. To make Amharic widely used in the world.C. To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.D. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高二上学期期末考试(历史)试题含答案
高二上学期期末考试（历史）（考试总分：100 分）一、单选题（本题共计30小题，总分60分）1.（2分）春秋战国时期，天下大乱，由于道德的标准不一致，许多人以自己观察的某一方面为“自好”，于是出现众多的学术派别发表自己的观点和学说。
这一现象（）A.推动了社会变革B.有利于思想统一C.导致了历史倒退D.引起了诸侯争霸2.（2分）战国时期某学派认为人们的智谋是在长期作战中成长起来的，主张通过农战的实际斗争，培养“智术能法之士”。
这一学派是（）A.儒家B.道家C.墨家D.法家3.（2分）自汉高祖刘邦后，汉代皇帝谥号依次为孝惠帝、孝文帝、孝景帝、孝武帝、孝昭帝、孝宣帝……谥号中“孝”体现出（）A.嫡长子承袭的原则B.宽厚待民施以仁政C.大力推行尊崇儒术D.事亲事君伦理道德4.（2分）小说《三国演义》和《水浒传》塑造了很多栩栩如生的忠义英雄，其忠义思想的来源应该包括（）①孔子的“仁”“礼”主张①董仲舒的天人感应学说①宋明时期的程朱理学思想①明清之际的反传统思想A.①①①B.①①①C.①①①D.①①①①5.（2分）下列是不同时期儒家学者提出的治国之道，其出现的先后顺序为（）①人伦者，天理也……父子君臣，天下之定理①民为贵，社稷次之,君为轻①天下之治乱，不在一姓之兴亡,而在万民之忧乐①屈民而伸君，屈君而伸天A.①①①①B.①①①①C.①①①①D.①①①①6.（2分）围绕“中国古代四大发明对西方社会的影响”这一研究性学习课题,四位中学生各自拟定如下小论文标题。
其中比较恰当的是（）A.造纸术——欧洲近代科学产生的基础B.火药——摧毁欧洲封建城堡的有力武器C.指南针——西方文明的引擎D.印刷术——文艺复兴的根本动力7.（2分）“舞”字的原始文字像一个人手执牛尾跳舞的样子，后来加上“舛”（双脚形），强调双脚配合双手和乐曲有节奏地跳跃。
这说明汉字（）A.演变总趋势是由简到繁B.以图画文字为基础逐步演变发展C.都是由象形文字构成D.讲究借物抒情，追求神韵意趣8.（2分）唐代传奇、北宋风俗画、宋词元曲和明清小说出现的社会条件相同的是（）A.长安、东京、大都的繁荣B.城市工商业的发展, 对市民阶层精神需求的满足C.人民生活的提高D.春秋战国以来的文化底蕴9.（2分）“饮酒仰脸要翻手，喝茶平饮微低头，丑角总要多出相，其他人物要遮口。
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甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试历史试题一、单项选择题（共25小题，每道题2分，共50分）1．孔子认为周礼是理想之制度，“周监于二代，郁郁乎文哉，吾从周”。
这一思想提出的政治背景是( )A. 分封制、宗法制遭到破坏B. 诸侯不满封号，纷纷改称“王”C.铁农具和牛耕出现并逐步推广D.王室衰微的迹象开始出现2．“所谓不知《春秋》，不能涉世；不精《老》《庄》，不能忘世；不参禅，不能出世。
”从中可以看出儒家思想的特点是( )A.注重以人为本的理念B.注重研究社会现实C.着重研究人与自然的关系D.重视研究人的前世生3．天坛是明清皇帝用祭天的地方。
下列谁的思想最可能促使统治者去祭天( )A.孔子B.孟子C.董仲舒D.韩非子4．“理会得熟时，道理便在上面。
又如律历、刑法、天文、地理、军旅、职官之类，都要理会，虽未能洞研其精微，然也要识个规模大概，道理方泱洽通透。
”这段话提倡的是( ) A.格物致知 B.发明本心 C.知行合一 D.致良知5．著名史学家钱乘旦对欧洲近代某一思想解放运动有过这样的评价：“它促成了西方现代文明的兴起和西方支配世界现代化进程的格局的形成。
几个世纪以，它被誉为西方文化的世俗化决定性阶段和世界现代文明各种特征的发展的起点。
”下列有关这一运动的说法正确的是( )A. 强调人的价值，是人文精神的起B. 开始打破对罗马教会的迷信C. 为资本主义社会提供了政治构想D. 体现了资本主义萌芽的时代特征6．俄国的叶卡捷琳娜大帝(1762～1796年在位)常常说出启蒙运动的富有代表性的口号，如“所有公民在法律面前应当平等”、“君主应为其人民服务”、“一个国家若划分成少数大地产是危险的”等。
这表明启蒙运动( )A.冲击着欧洲的封建统治B.成为俄国政治革命的理论C.其影响超出了欧洲范围D.迫使统治者改变其统治政策7．培根曾指出：“印刷术、火药、指南针改变了整个世界……变化如此之大，以致没有一个帝国，没有一个学派，没有一个显赫有名的人物，能比这三种发明在人类事业中产生更大的力量和影响。
”这里所说的影响主要是指( )A.促进了欧洲社会的转型B.奠定了中国文明古国的地位C.推动了资本主义世界市场的形成D.打破了世界各地彼此隔绝的状态8．中国古代文学艺术异彩纷呈，绚丽多姿，以其独特的意蕴与风格，成为世界文化宝库中的瑰宝。
下列相关表述正确的是( )①隶书把书法的写意性发挥到极致，最能表现和抒发情感②“诗画本一律，天工与清新”是传统文人画的特点③“同光十三绝”是当时京剧艺术各行当的代表人物④楚辞奠定了中国浪漫主义文学的基础A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①②③④9．以下是1904年清政府学部颁行《奏定学堂章程》，规定中学堂课程，课时如下：以上图表，反映了清末中学堂课程内容有哪些特点：①添设西学课程②科目设置全面③经学仍占据重要地位④具有半殖民地半封建教育的特征A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．②④ D．①③10．1925年初到1925年底，毛泽东对中国革命的基本观点是：工业无产阶级是革命的“主力军”……1927年毛泽东则大声疾呼：“国民革命需要一个大的农村变动……一切革命同志都要拥护这个变动，否则他就是反革命。
”这一变化的背景是（）A．中国共产党开始独立领导武装斗争 B．北伐战争胜利进军C．国民革命运动失败的教训 D．“工农武装割据”思想的基本形成11．公民实质上是指具有国家国籍并有权参与国家公共权力行使与监督的人。
在中国，“公民”一词是泊品，19世纪末20世纪初，中国人的政治词汇中，“公民”取代了“臣民”，发生这一转变的原因不包括（）A．资产阶级政治运动的开展 B．西方思想文化的传播C．民主平等价值观念的普及 D．近代教育事业的进步12．洋务运动、维新变法和辛亥革命，反映了近代前期的历史主流。
下列关于中国近代前期历史主流的表述，最为确的是A.推翻清朝统治，发展资本主义B.反抗外侵略，维护国家一C.建立民主共和制度，清除外国侵略势力D.争取民族独立，实现中国社会近代化13．霍布斯鲍姆认为，进化论在19世纪中后期盛行的原因，“不在于人是由动物进化而的证据势太猛，以致无法阻挡”。
“真正的原因在于下列两项事实构成了极佳的机遇：一是主张自由主义和进步的资产阶级迅速崛起，二是这个时期没有发生革命。
”该分析说明进化论在当时( )A.并没有对传统势力提出公开的挑战B.对论证资产阶级崛起提供了理论依据C.符合追求有序变革的社会心理D.顺应了资产阶级的改良主张14．电视政论片《大国崛起·工业先声》的解说词说：“牛顿为工业革命创造了一把科学的钥匙，瓦特拿着这把钥匙开启了工业革命的大门。
”这表明( )A.牛顿是工业革命的倡导者B.科技为生产发展提供了条件C.改良蒸汽机问世标志着工业革命开始D.科学与技术紧密结合推动生产力进步15．近代有人指出：“议院者，公议政事之院也，集众思，广众益，用人行政一秉至公，法诚良，意诚美也。
昏暴之君无所施其虐，贱扈之臣无所擅其权，大小官司无所卸其责，草野小民无所积其怨。
”与上述材料相吻合的思想观念是A．中体西用 B．“革命是除旧布新之良药”C．君民共主 D．“孔教与共和，存其一必废其一”16．毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的共同点有（）①核心是实事求是②在批判“左”倾错误思想的基础上逐渐形成的③是党的集体智慧的结晶④包含有“农村包围城市”的特点A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②③④17． 1896年，李鸿章出访欧美。
在英国，他特意在议院旁听了议员们的辩论，李鸿章觉得那简直是一窝蜂似的吵架，“无甚可观”。
而对美国记者关于“美国资本在中国投资出路”的回题，李鸿章的回答是：清国政府非常高兴地欢迎任何资本到我国投资……必须邀请欧美资本进入清国以建立现代化的工业企业，帮助清国人民开发利用本国丰富的自然资。
但这些企业的自主权应掌握在清国政府手中。
这表明李鸿章（）。
A．反对政治变革、出卖国家主权 B．坚持中学为体、西学为用的思想认识C．思想观念、政治立场已等同维新派 D．政治观点与外交理念在当时中国是最先进的18．近代中国先后发生过许多重大历史事件，关于下列四幅图片所代表的历史事件的说法错误的是（）A.都是社会各阶级面对中国变化作出的积极反应B.对中国历史的发展都产生了一定的进步影响C.都体现了求民主、反专制的进步潮流D.都没有改变中国的社会性质19．19世纪末20世纪初，中国出现了一个留学日本的高潮，但清末留日学生运动的发展在全国各省之间极不平衡。
以下是清朝留学生会馆于1903年对留日学生人数的统计，造成这种现象的原因有( )①沿海省份经济文化相对发达②地理上的方便③近代沿海一带开放较早，人们的观念相对先进④近代南方学子较北方学子有更强烈的救国精神A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①③④20. 在新中国成立六十周年的庆典上，邓小平“把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义”的原音响彻天空。
这句经典话语应该是在哪次会议上讲的( )A.中共八大B.中共十一大C.中共十二大D.中共十三大21. 传统观念认为，市场经济是资本主义特有的东西，计划经济才是社会主义经济的基本特征。
突破这一思想束缚的有( )①1960年调整国民经济的八字方针②文革期间邓小平全面整顿③邓小平南方谈话④中共十四大决策A. .③④B.①②C.②③④D. ①②③④22．新华社电：“这次卫星发射成功，是我国发展空间技术的一个良好开端，是毛主席无产阶级革命路线的伟大胜利，是无产阶级文化大革命的又一丰硕成果……给反革命的美帝国主义和社会帝国主义以沉重的打击，粉碎了他们垄断空间技术的迷梦。
”以下说法错误的是( )A.标志着中国开始进入航天时代B.当时的舆论宣传带有浓厚的“左”倾色彩C.打破了美苏对空间技术的垄断D.中国成为世界上第三个发射卫星的国家23. 1949年新中国成立后，就开始探索建立符合中国国情的新中国教育体制。
在社会主义计划经济体制逐步建立的同时，对旧中国教育进行社会主义改造，吸收革命根据地教育经验和借鉴苏联模式，在经济困难、教育落后的条件下，形成了社会主义现代化教育的雏形和体制基础。
关于这一时期的教育成就，下列说法正确的是( )A.确定了全面发展的教育方针B.提出教育优先发展的思想C.制定了《义务教育法》D.启动“211工程”计划和“希望工程”24．《格列佛游记》描述了外科医生格列弗到小人国、大人国、飞岛、巫人国的游历，反映了18世纪前半期英国的社会矛盾，揭露了当时统治集团的腐败和罪恶，被认为是“文学的伟大宝库之一”。
这部小说在18世纪的欧洲颇受欢迎，主要是因为它( )A. 体现了冒险精神B. 适应了殖民扩张要求C. 充满了浪漫主义色彩D.彰显了启蒙思想25．19世纪初，世界文学艺术领域兴起了浪漫之风，艺术家、文学家们期望通过以自己的创作抒发情感、表达理想。
以下属于这一类型作品的一组是( )A.《巴黎圣母院》、《伏尔加河上的纤夫》B.《西风颂》、《田园交响曲》C.《英雄交响曲》、《战争与和平》D.《田园交响曲》、《日出·印象》第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）二、材料解析题（共3小题）26．（16分）100多年前的辛亥革命是20世纪中国第一次历史性巨变。
阅读下列有关材料并回答问题。
材料一孙中山是中国近代政治文明——共和制的重要催生人。
他的学说是“内审中国之情势，外察世界之潮流，兼收众长，益以创新”。
——《中华文明史》第4卷材料二同盟会提出决断性民族主义的口号：“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华”……显然，最初同盟会已把满族排除在帝国之外，同时也把关外的满洲土地排除在帝国之外。
不仅如此，其实孙中山同盟会已把蒙古，西藏，新疆等排除在中国之外了。
孙中山很快就认识到这是个问题，并且发生一定程度的转变。
1906年，孙中山说“民族革命是要尽灭满洲民族，这话大错。
……我们并不是恨满洲人，是恨害汉人的满洲人。
”――《帝国的分裂与保存》材料三当今史学界对中国近代史和现代史的历史分期有两种观点：一种主张把1911年的辛亥革命作为两者的分界线，另一种主张把1949年的新中国成立作为两者的分界线。
（注：历史分期旨在揭示不同历史时期或阶段之间的质的差别，从中发现其发展特点及规律。
）——《换个角度看辛亥革命》（1）根据材料一指出孙中山的学说有何特点？结合史实说明孙中山是中国“共和制的重要催生人”？（6分）（2）中华民国成立后，采用五色旗为国旗，象征五族共和。
据材料二和所学知识，分析武昌起义后口号从“驱除鞑虏”改为“五族共和”的原因。
（4分）（3）相对于第一种观点，材料三把新中国作为近现代史分期最主要的理由是什么？结合历史分期方法，这两种观点所依据的“质的差别”分别指什么？（6分）27．（18分）阅读下列材料，回答问题。