计算机专业英语翻译
计算机专业英语教程翻译完整版
1.1A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
计算机专业英语翻译参考
1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together withpractical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction.计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。
2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment thatrenders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer.Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。
计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 7
Unit 7 The Fundamentals of ComputerSoftwareText 1 Data StructureA data structure is a data type. Its values are composed of component elements that are related by some structure.Since a data structure is a data type, it has a set of operations on its values. In addition, there may be operations that act on its component elements. The operations of a structured data type might not only act on the values of the data type, they might also act on component elements of the data structure.The data type’s arrays and record s are native to many programming languages. By using the pointer data type and dynamic memory allocation, many programming languages also provide the facilities for constructing linked structures. The first two higher-level abstract data types are stacks and queues. They are extremely important to computing.A stack is a data type. Its major attributes are the way the insertion and deletion of its elements. The only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently. Such a structure is said to have a last-in/first-out (LIFO) behavior.Queues are familiar to us. The line of people waiting for service at a bank is an example of queues. The main feature of queues is that they follow a first-come/first-served rule. In queues, the earliest element inserted is the first served. In social settings, the rule appeals to our sense of equality and fairness.There are many applications of the first-in/first-out (FIFO) protocol of queues in computing. For example, the line of I/O requests waiting for access to a disk drive might be a queue. The line of computing jobs waiting to be run on a computer system might also be a queue.参考译文数据结构数据结构是一种数据类型，其值是由通过某种结构相互关联的组成元素所构成的。
计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 10
Unit 10 Program DesignText 1 Computer LanguagesComputer languages have undergone dramatic evolution since the first electronic computers were built. Early on, programmers worked with the most primitive computer instructions—machine language. These instructions were represented by long strings of ones and zeroes. Soon, assembly language was invented. It maps machine instructions to human-readable mnemonics, such as ADD and MOV.In time, higher-level languages evolved, such as PASCAL, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, and JA V A. These languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences, such as Let I = 100. These instructions were translated back into machine language by interpreters and compilers. An interpreter translates a program as it reads it, turning the program instructions, or code, directly into actions. A compiler translates the code into an intermediary form. This step is called compiling, and produces an object file. The compiler then invokes a linker, which turns the object file into an executable program.Because interpreters read the code as it is written and execute the code on the spot, interpreters are easy for the programmer to work with. Compilers, however, introduce the extra steps of compiling and linking the code, which is inconvenient. Because the time-consuming task of translating the source code into machine language has already been accomplished, compilers produce a program that is very fast each time it is run.The problems programmers are asked to solve have been changing. Today's programs use sophisticated "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows, menus, and dialog boxes. The programs written to support this new approach are far more complex than those written just ten years ago. Generally, as programming requirements have changed, both languages and the techniques used for writing programs have evolved.参考译文计算机语言自从第一批电子计算机诞生以来，计算机语言已经发生了戏剧性的变化。
计算机专业 英语第三单元翻译
第三章：Basic Application Softwareanalytical graph 分析图AutoContent wizard 自动制作内容向导basic application 基本应用bulleted list 项目符号列表business suite 商业组合button 按键cell 单元格character effect 角色效应chart 图表column 列computer trainer 计算机教师contextual tab 上下文件标签database 数据库database management system(DBMS) 数据库管理系统database manager 数据库管理器design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框editing 编辑field 字段find and replace 查找与替换font 字形font size 字体大小/尺码form 表单format 编排；格式化formula 公式function 函数galleries 图文集grammar checker 语法检查器home software 家庭软件home suite 家庭组合icons （计算机屏幕上表示命令、程序的)符号, 图像，图标integrated package 集成组件，完整的软件包label 标签master slide 母片menu 菜单menu bar 菜单栏numbered list 编号列表numeric entry 数字输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人软件组pointer 指针presentation graphics 演示图片；电子文稿程序productivity suite 生产组合query 查询range 范围recalculation 重算record 记录relational database 关系数据库report 报告ribbons 带状区row 行sheet 单层表单slide 幻灯片software suite 软件组sort 排序；分类specialized application 专业应用specialized suite 专业组件speech recognition 语音识别spelling checker 拼写检查器spreadsheet 电子制表软件table 表格text entry 文字输入thesaurus 同义词词典toolbar 工具栏utility suite 实用程序组what-if analysis 假定分析window 窗口word processor 文字处理器word wrap 自动换行workbook file 工作簿文件worksheet 工作表As we discussed in Chapter 1, t正如我们在第一章讨论的，有两种软件。
计算机专业英语名词（缩写及翻译）
AAT（Average accesstime，平均存取时间）ABS（Auto Balance System，自动平衡系统）AM（Acousti c Managem ent，声音管理）ASC（Advance d Size Check，高级尺寸检查）ASMO（Advance d Storage Magneto-Optical，增强形光学存储器）AST（Average Seek time，平均寻道时间）ATA（Advance d Technol ogy Attachm ent，高级技术附加装置）ATOMM（Advance d super Thin-layer and high-OutputMetal Media，增强形超薄高速金属媒体）BBS（BIOS Boot Specifi cation，基本输入/输出系统启动规范）BPI（Bit Per Inch，位/英寸）bps（bit per second，位/秒）bps（byte per second，字节/秒）CAM（CommonAccessModel，公共存取模型）CF（Compact FlashCard，紧凑型闪存卡）CHS（Cylinde rs、Heads、Sectors，柱面、磁头、扇区）CSS（CommonCommand Set，通用指令集）DBI（dynamic bus inversi on，动态总线倒置）DIT（Disk Inspect ion Test，磁盘检查测试）DMA（DirectMemoryAccess，直接内存存取）DTR（Disk Transfe r Rate，磁盘传输率）EIDE（enhance d Integra ted Drive Electro nics，增强形电子集成驱动器）eSATA（Externa l SerialATA，扩展型串行AT A）FDB（fluid-dynamic bearing s，动态轴承）FAT（File Allocat ion Tables，文件分配表）FC（Fibre Channel，光纤通道）FDBM（Fluid dynamic bearing motors，液态轴承马达）FDB（Fluid Dynamic Bearing，非固定动态轴承）FDC（FloppyDisk Control ler，软盘驱动器控制装置）FDD（FloppyDisk Driver，软盘驱动器）GMR（giant magneto resist ive，巨型磁阻）HDA（Head Disk Assembl y，头盘组件）HiFD（high-capacit y floppydisk，高容量软盘）IDE（Integra ted Drive Electro nics，电子集成驱动器）IPEAK SPT（Intel Perform ance Evaluat ion and Analysi s Kit - Storage Perform ance Toolkit，英特尔性能评估和分析套件- 存储性能工具包）JBOD（Just a Bunch Of Disks，磁盘连续捆束阵列）LBA（Logical Block Address ing，逻辑块寻址）MR（Magneto-resisti ve Heads，磁阻磁头）MBR（MasterBoot Record，主引导记录）ms（Millise cond，毫秒）MSR（Magneti callyinduced Super Resolut ion，磁感应超分辨率）MTBF（Mean Time BeforeFailure，平均无故障时间）NQC（NativeQueuing Command，内部序列命令）NTFS（Net Technol ogy File System，新技术文件系统）OTF（on-the-fly，高速数据传输错误纠正）PCBA（Pring Circuit Board Assembl y，印刷电路电路板组件）PIO（Program med Input Output，可编程输入输出模式）PRML（Partial Respons e Maximum Likelih ood，最大可能部分反应，用于提高磁盘读写传输率）RAID（Redunda nt Array of Indepen dent Disks，独立磁盘冗余阵列）RAID（Redunda nt Array of Inexpen sive Disks ，廉价磁盘冗余阵列）RPM（Rotatio n Per Minute，转/分）RSD: Removab le Storage Device（移动式存储设备）RST（Read Service Times，读取服务时间）SAMS（Seagate's Advance d Multi Drive System，希捷高级多硬盘系统）SAS（SerialAttache d SCSI，串行SCSI）SATA（SerialATA，串行ATA）SBT（sound barrier technol ogy，声音阻碍技术）SCSI（Small Compute r SystemInterfa ce，小型计算机系统接口）SCMA：SCSI Configu red Auto Magical ly，SCSI自动配置SLDRAM（Synchno nous Link DRAM，同步链路内存）S.M.A.R.T.（Self-Monitor ing, Analysi s and Reporti ngTechnol ogy，自动监测、分析和报告技术）SPS（Shock Protect ion System，抗震保护系统）SSO（simulta neousl y switchi ng outputs，同时开关输出）STA（SCSI Trade Associa tion，SCSI同业公会）STR（sequent ial transfe r rates，连续内部数据传输率）TCQ（taggedcommand queuing，标签命令序列）TFI（Thin-Film Inducte d Heads，薄膜感应磁头）TPI （Track Per Inch，磁道/英寸）Ultra CF（Ultra Compact FlashCard，超级紧凑型闪存卡）Ultra DMA（Ultra DirectMemoryAccess，超高速直接内存存取）LVD（Low Voltage Differe ntial）Wpcom（Write-Precomp ensati on Cylinde rs，写电流补偿柱面数）WST（Write Service Times，写入服务时间）AAM（Automat ic Acousti c Managem ent，自动机械声学管理）CBDS（Continu ous Backgro und DefectScannin g，连续后台错误扫描）DiscWiz ard（磁盘控制软件）DST（Drive Self Test，磁盘自检程序）SeaShie ld（防静电防撞击外壳）ADIP（Address In Pre-Groove，预凹槽寻址）ASPI（Advance d SCSI Program ming Interfa ce，高级SCSI可编程接口）ATAPI（AT Attachm ent PacketInterfa ce，AT扩展包接口）BCF（Boot Catalog File，启动目录文件）BURN-Proof（BufferUnderRu N-Proof，防止缓冲区溢出，三洋的刻录保护技术）BIF（Boot Image File，启动映像文件）CAV（Constan t Angular Velocit y，恒定角速度）CD（Compact Disc）CDR（CD Recorda ble，可记录光盘）CD-ROM/XA（CD－ROM eXtende d Archite cture，唯读光盘增强形架构）CDRW（CD-Rewrita ble，可重复刻录光盘）CLV（Constan t LinearVelocit y，恒定线速度）DAE（digital Audio Extract ion，数据音频抓取）DAO（Disc At Once，整盘刻录）DAO－RAW（Disc At Once Read after Write，整盘刻录－写后读）DDSS（DoubleDynamic Suspens ion System，双悬浮动态减震系统）DDSS II（DoubleDynamic Suspens ion SystemII，第二代双层动力悬吊系统）DVD（Digital Video/Versati le Disk，数字视频/万能光盘）DVD-R（DVD Recorda ble，可记录DVD盘）DVD-RW（DVD Rewrita ble，可重复刻录DV D盘）DVD-RAM（Digital Video/Versati le Disk - RandomAccessMemory，随机存储数字视频/万能光盘）ESER（EAC SecureExtract Ripping，EAC安全抓取复制）GM（Glass Mould，玻璃铸制）GSM（Galvani zation Superco nducti ve Materia l，电镀锌超导材料）IPW（Increme ntal PacketWriting，增量包刻录）LIMDOW（Light Intensi ty Modulat ion DirectOverWri te，光学调制直接覆盖）LG（Land Groove，岸地凹槽）MAMMOS（magneti c amplify ing magneto-optical system，磁畴放大播放系统）MD（MiniDis c，微型光盘）ML（multi-level，多层光盘技术）MO（Magneto Optical，磁光盘）OTF（On The Fly，飞速刻录）OWSC（Optimum Write Speed Control、优化写入速度控制）PCAV（Part Constan t Angular Velocit y，部分恒定角速度）PPLS（Pure Phase Laser System，纯相位激光系统）RS-PC（Reed-Solomon Product Code，里德所罗门编码）RLL（Run Lengthlimited，运行长度限制码）SACD（Super Audio CD，超级音频CD）SAO（Sessino At Once，区段刻录）SARC（Super－Advance d Rapid Cooling，超高级快速冷却）SC（Spin Coat，旋转覆盖）SCM（Spin Coat Method，旋压覆盖法）SLL（SeamLes s Link，无缝连接）SMT（Superco nducti ve Microth erm Technol ogy，超导体散热材料）Super RENS（super resolut ion near-field structu re，超精细近场结构）TAO（Track At Once，轨道刻录）TBW（ThermoBalance d Writing，热电平衡写入）VCD（Video COMPACT DISC，视频CD）VIPC（Intelli gent Variabl e Power Correct，智能变功纠错技术）WD（Working Distanc e，工作距离）SOS（Smart ObjectSalvati on，智能目标分析拯救系统）TADS（TargetAcquisi tion and Designa ntionFor DVD，DVD目标获取和指定）AAS（Automat ic Area Seagmen t?）dpi（dot per inch，每英寸的打印像素）ECP（Extende d Capabil itiesPort，延长能力端口）EPP（Enhance d Paralle l Port，增强形平行接口）IPP（Interne t Printin g Protoco l，因特网打印协议）MPT（Micro Piezo Technol ogy，微针点压电）ppm（paper per minute，页/分）SPP（Standar d Paralle l Port，标准并行口）TA（ThermoAutochr ome，全彩色感热式热感打印）TB（Thermal Bubble，热泡式）TET（Text Enhance d Technol ogy，文本增强技术）USBDCDP D（Univers al SerialBus DeviceClass Definit ion for Printin gDevices，打印设备的通用串行总线级标准）VD（Variabl e Dot，变点式列印）CIS（Contact Image Sensors，接触图像传感器）TWAIN（Toolkit Without An Interes ting Name，无注名工具包协议）ADT（Advance d DRAM Technol ogy，高级内存技术）ANSI（America n Nationa l Standar ds Institu te，美国国立标准协会）BAD（Best Amiga Dominat ors）CBF: Cable Broadba nd Forum，电缆宽带论坛CEA（Consume r Electro nics Associa tion，消费者电子协会）CEMA（Consume r Electro nics Manufac turing Associa tion（消费者电子制造业协会）CPE: Custome r Premise Equipme nt（用户预定设备）CSA（Canadia n Standar ds Associa tion，加拿大标准协会）DCA: Defense Communi cation Agency，国防部通信局DOJ: Departm ent of Justice（反不正当竞争部门）DSP: Deliver y Service Partner（交付服务合伙人）DVB：Digital Video Broadca sting，数字视频广播E3（Electro nic Enterta inment Expo，电子娱乐展览会）EFF: Electro nic Frontie r Foundat ion（电子前线基金会）EPA（Environ mental Protect ion Agency，美国环境保护局）ETRI（Electro nics and Telecom munica tionsResearc hInstitu te，电子和电信研究协会）FCC（Federal Communi cation s Commiss ion，联邦通信委员会）FTC（Federal Trade Commiss ion，联邦商业委员会）GDC（Game Develop er Confere nce，游戏发展商会议）HTTC（HyperTr anspor t Technol ogy Consort ium，HyperTr anspor t技术协会）ICT（Informa tion and Communi cation s Technol ogy，信息和通讯技术）IEC（Interna tional Electro techni cal Commiss ion，国际电子技术委员会）ISSCC（Interna tional Solid-State Circuit s Confere nce，国际晶体管电路讨论会）ICSA: Interna tional Compute r Securit yAssocia tion（国际计算机安全协会）,它的前身为NC SA（Nationa l Compute rSecurit y Associa tion,国家计算机安全协会）ITU（Interna tional Telecom munica tionsUnion，国际电信同盟）IEEE（Institu te of Electri cal and Electro nics Enginee rs，电子电路工程师协会）IETF（Interne t Enginee ring Task Force，因特网工程任务组）IFWP: Interna tional Forum White Paper，国际白皮书论坛ISC（Interna tional Steerin g Committ ee，国际筹划指导委员会）ISO/MPEG: Interna tional Standar d Organiz ation's MovingPictureExpertGroup（国际标准化组织的活动图片专家组）ISOM（Interna tional Symposi um on Optical Memory，光盘国际会议）ISSCC（IEEE Interna tional Solid-State Circuit sConfere nce，IEEE国际固态电路协议）ITAA: Informa tion Technol ogy Associa tion of America n，美国信息技术协会ITWG（interna tional technol ogy working groups，国际技术工作组）JCIA（Japan CameraIndustr y Associa tion，日本摄影机工业协会）。
计算机专业英语名词翻译
第一章（计算机系统概论）digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit（IC）集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章（计算机系统结构）memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备，外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元（计算机体系结构）parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元（算法与数据结构）algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章（编程语言）Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT（abstract data type）抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML（hyper text markup language）超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章（操作系统）Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system（OS）操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理，多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值（默认值）macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元（数据库）DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。
计算机专业词汇英语翻译
Guest editora vehicle of 一种手段productivity生产力perceive 感知empirical means：经验方法the prolonged exponential growth：长期的指数增长Fidelity：保真度energy harvesting：能源获取Ubiquitous computing：普适计算Photosynthesis ：光合作用incident light 入射光coated 覆盖的humidity 湿度moisture gradients：湿气梯度semiconductor fabrication：半导体制造Acoustic：声学的Miniaturization:小型化Photons：光子，量子Concentrations：浓度Tailored：定制的Spectrum：光谱sophisticated heterogeneous systems：复杂的异构系统Fusion：融合=aggregationQualitative 定性的Diffusion：扩散duty-cycle：占空比spatial dimension：空间范围Dissemination：散播Pervasive：普遍的Trajectory：轨道Ambient：周围的②leachMicrosensors：微传感器Cluster: 名词：簇动词：分簇Cluster head：簇头Hierarchy 分层Application-Specific 应用相关的In terms of 按照Aggregate聚合Diffusion：传播Dissipated：耗散Timeline 时间轴Backs off：后退Dissipation：耗散spread-spectrum：扩频intra-cluster：簇内Outperform：胜过③pegasisHomogeneous:同质的fusion ：融合aggregationFuse：v. 融合Humidity：湿度Beacon：信标timestamp 时间戳in terms of ：就...而言greedy approach：贪婪算法truncated chain：截断链Critical：关键的propagation delays：传播延迟Dissipate：v.发散SNR：信噪比Joules：焦耳The upper bound：上限tier：等级token ：令牌，象征Dense：密集的Sparse：稀疏的Heuristic：启发式Outperforms：胜过Preliminary：初步的Exponential：指数的traveling salesman problem 旅行商问题tradeoff 代价④z-macLatency：时间延迟Robust：鲁棒性slot assignment：时隙分配multiple access control：多址接入控制Aggregate：聚合duty cycle：占空比the overhead of：开销Vendors：厂商surface-mount：表面贴装hand-soldering：手工焊接Predetermined：预定的Stochastic：随机的Explicit Contention Notification:明确竞争通知Unicast：单播Congestion：拥塞Benchmark：基准Preamble：头部⑤A building。
(完整word版)计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
1.1A Closer Look at the Processor and Primary Storage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions，although some might be faster than others。
We have also learned that a computer system has input，output，storage，and processing components；that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system - the processor。
我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心,并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器.我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
计算机专业英语翻译
Computers are machines that can be used for performing calculations automatically.They can perform complex and repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and reliably and can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.电脑是机器可用来自动执行计算。
他们能够快速进行复杂的和重复的程序，精确可靠，可以快速存储和检索大量数据。
The physical components from which a computer is constructed (electronic circuits and input/output devices) are known as "hardware". Most computers have four types of hardware components: input, processor, storage (main memory, auxiliary storage) and output.身体成分构造计算机（电子电路和输入/输出设备）被称为“硬件”。
大部分的电脑有四种类型的硬件组成部分：输入，处理器，存储器（主存储器，辅助存储）和输出。
Input and output (I/O) devices allow the computer to communicate with the user and the outside world. The CPU (central processing unit) executes programs ("software") which tell the computer what to do.The two principal characteristics of a computer are: It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).输入输出（I/O）设备允许计算机与用户和外界沟通。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
国家计算机教育认证 计算机英语计算机英语词汇对译蒙阴高新电脑学校资料整理：孙波2010年9月1日IT CF AC gaoxindiannaoxuexiao⏹PC personal computer 个人计算机⏹IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称，是最早推出的个人计算机品牌。
⏹Intel 美国英特尔公司，以生产CPU芯片著称。
⏹Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。
⏹Address地址⏹Agents代理⏹Analog signals模拟信号⏹Applets程序⏹Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口⏹Attachment附件⏹Access time存取时间⏹access存取⏹accuracy准确性⏹ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件⏹Add-ons 插件⏹Active-matrix主动矩阵⏹Adapter cards适配卡⏹Advanced application高级应用⏹Analytical graph分析图表⏹Analyze分析⏹Animations动画⏹Application software 应用软件⏹Arithmetic operations算术运算⏹Audio-output device音频输出设备⏹Basic application基础程序⏹Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案⏹Binary system二进制系统⏹Bit比特⏹Browser浏览器⏹Bus line总线⏹Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元⏹Business-to-consumer企业对消费者⏹Bar code条形码⏹Bar code reader条形码读卡器⏹Bus总线⏹Bandwidth带宽⏹Bluetooth蓝牙⏹Broadband宽带⏹Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务⏹cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序⏹cookies信息记录程序⏹cracker解密高手⏹cumulative trauma disorder积累性损伤错乱⏹Cybercash电子现金⏹Cyberspace计算机空间⏹cynic愤世嫉俗者⏹Cables连线⏹Cell单元箱⏹Chain printer链式打印机⏹Character and recognition device字符标识识别设备⏹Chart图表⏹Chassis支架⏹Chip芯片⏹Clarity清晰度⏹Closed architecture封闭式体系结构⏹Column列⏹Combination key结合键⏹computer competency计算机能力⏹connectivity连接，结点⏹Continuous-speech recognition system连续语言识别系统⏹Channel信道⏹Chat group谈话群组⏹chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) ]氯氟甲烷⏹Client客户端⏹Coaxial cable同轴电缆⏹cold site冷网站⏹Commerce servers商业服务器⏹Communication channel信道⏹Communication systems信息系统⏹Compact disc rewritable⏹Compact disc光盘⏹computer abuse amendments act of 19941994计算机滥用法案⏹computer crime计算机犯罪⏹computer ethics计算机道德⏹computer fraud and abuse act of 1986计算机欺诈和滥用法案⏹computer matching and privacy protection act of 1988计算机查找和隐私保护法案⏹Computer network计算机网络⏹computer support specialist计算机支持专家⏹computer technician计算机技术人员⏹computer trainer计算机教师⏹Connection device连接设备⏹Connectivity连接⏹Consumer-to-consumer个人对个人⏹Control unit操纵单元⏹Cordless or wireless mouse无线鼠标⏹Cable modems有线调制解调器⏹carpal tunnel syndrome腕骨神经综合症⏹CD-ROM可记录光盘⏹CD-RW可重写光盘⏹CD-R可记录压缩光盘⏹Disk磁碟⏹Distributed data processing system分部数据处理系统⏹Distributed processing分布处理⏹Domain code域代码⏹Downloading下载⏹DVD 数字化通用磁盘⏹DVD-R 可写DVD⏹DVD-RAM DVD随机存取器⏹DVD-ROM 只读DVD⏹Database数据库⏹database files数据库文件⏹Database manager数据库管理⏹Data bus数据总线⏹Data projector数码放映机⏹Desktop system unit台式电脑系统单元⏹Destination file目标文件⏹Dumb terminal非智能终端⏹data security数据安全⏹Data transmission specifications数据传输说明⏹database administrator数据库管理员⏹Dataplay数字播放器⏹Demodulation解调⏹denial of service attack拒绝服务攻击⏹Dial-up service拨号服务⏹Digital cash数字现金⏹Digital signals数字信号⏹Digital subscriber line数字用户线路⏹Digital versatile disc数字化通用磁盘⏹Digital video disc数字化视频光盘⏹Direct access直接存取⏹Directory search目录搜索⏹disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划⏹Disk caching磁盘驱动器高速缓存⏹Diskette磁盘⏹Digital cameras数码照相机⏹Digital notebooks数字笔记本⏹Digital bideo camera数码摄影机⏹Discrete-speech recognition system不连续语言识别系统⏹Document文档⏹document files文档文件⏹Dot-matrix printer点矩阵式打印机⏹Dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器⏹environment环境⏹Erasable optical disks可擦除式光盘⏹ergonomics人类工程学⏹ethics道德规范⏹External modem外置调制解调器⏹extranet企业外部网⏹e-book电子阅读器⏹Expansion cards扩展卡⏹electronic commerce电子商务⏹electronic communications privacy act of1986电子通信隐私法案⏹encrypting加密术⏹energy star能源之星⏹Enterprise computing企业计算化⏹end user终端用户⏹e-cash电子现金⏹e-commerce电子商务⏹electronic cash电子现金⏹Floppy-disk cartridge磁盘盒⏹Formatting格式化⏹freedom of information act of 1970信息自由法案⏹frequency频率⏹frustrated受挫折⏹Full-duplex communication全双通通信⏹Fax machine传真机⏹Field域⏹Find搜索⏹FireWire port火线端口⏹Firmware固件⏹Flash RAM闪存⏹Flatbed scanner台式扫描器⏹Flat-panel monitor纯平显示器⏹floppy disk软盘⏹filter过滤⏹firewall防火墙⏹firewall防火墙⏹Fixed disk固定硬盘⏹Flash memory闪存⏹Flexible disk可折叠磁盘⏹Floppies磁盘⏹Formatting toolbar格式化工具条⏹Formula公式⏹Function函数⏹fair credit reporting act of 1970公平信用报告法案⏹Fiber-optic cable光纤电缆⏹File compression文件压缩⏹File decompression文件解压缩⏹green pc绿色个人计算机⏹Grop by 排序⏹General-purpose application通用运用程序⏹Gigahertz千兆赫⏹Graphic tablet绘图板⏹Hard-disk pack硬盘组⏹Head crash磁头碰撞⏹header标题⏹help desk specialist帮助办公专家⏹helper applications帮助软件⏹Hierarchical network层次型网络⏹history file历史文件⏹handheld computer手提电脑⏹Hard copy硬拷贝⏹hard disk硬盘⏹hardware硬件⏹Help帮助⏹hits匹配记录⏹horizontal portal横向用户⏹hot site热网站⏹Hybrid network混合网络⏹Host computer主机⏹Home page主页⏹Hyperlink超链接⏹hacker黑客⏹Half-duplex communication半双通通信⏹Hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒⏹information pushers信息推送器⏹initializing 初始化⏹instant messaging计时信息⏹internal hard disk内置硬盘⏹Internet hard drive 网络硬盘驱动器⏹intranet企业内部网⏹Image capturing device图像获取设备⏹information technology信息技术⏹Ink-jet printer墨水喷射印刷机⏹Integrated package综合性组件⏹Intelligent terminal智能终端设备⏹Intergrated circuit集成电路⏹Interface cards接口卡⏹illusion of anonymity匿名幻想⏹index search索引搜索⏹Internal modem内部调制解调器⏹internet telephony网络电话⏹internet terminal互联网终端⏹Identification识别⏹drive网络硬盘驱动器⏹joystick操纵杆⏹keyword search关键字搜索⏹laser printer激光打印机⏹Layout files版式文件⏹Light pen光笔⏹Locate定位⏹lurking潜伏⏹Logical operations逻辑运算⏹Lands凸面⏹Line of sight communication视影通信⏹Low bandwidth低带宽计算机英语名词解释⏹ADIMM（Advanced Dual In-line Memory Modules，高级双重内嵌式内存模块）⏹AMR（Audio／Modem Riser，音效／调制解调器主机板附加直立插卡）⏹AHA（Accelerated Hub Architecture，加速中心架构）⏹ASK IR（Amplitude Shift Keyed Infra-Red，长波形可移动输入红外线）⏹ATX（AT Extend，扩展型AT）⏹BIOS（Basic Input/Output System，基本输入/输出系统）⏹CSE（Configuration Space Enable，可分配空间）⏹DB（Device Bay，设备插架）⏹DMI（Desktop Management Interface，桌面管理接口）⏹EB（Expansion Bus，扩展总线）⏹EISA（Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture，增强形工业标准架构）⏹EMI（Electromagnetic Interference，电磁干扰）⏹ESCD（Extended System Configuration Data，可扩展系统配置数据）⏹FBC（Frame Buffer Cache，帧缓冲缓存）⏹FireWire（火线，即IEEE1394标准）⏹FSB（Front Side Bus，前置总线，即外部总线）⏹FWH（Firmware Hub，固件中心）⏹GMCH（Graphics & Memory Controller Hub，图形和内存控制中心）⏹GPIs（General Purpose Inputs，普通操作输入）⏹ICH（Input/Output Controller Hub，输入/输出控制中心）⏹IR（Infrared Ray，红外线）⏹IrDA（Infrared Ray，红外线通信接口可进行局域网存取和文件共享）⏹ISA（Industry Standard Architecture，工业标准架构）⏹ISA（Instruction Set Architecture，工业设置架构）⏹MDC（Mobile Daughter Card，移动式子卡）⏹MRH-R（Memory Repeater Hub，内存数据处理中心）⏹MRH-S（SDRAM Repeater Hub，SDRAM数据处理中心）⏹MTH（Memory Transfer Hub，内存转换中心）⏹NGIO（Next Generation Input/Output，新一代输入/输出标准）⏹P64H（64-bit PCI Controller Hub，64位PCI控制中心）⏹PCB（Printed Circuit Board，印刷电路板）⏹PCBA（Printed Circuit Board Assembly，印刷电路板装配）⏹PCI（Peripheral Component Interconnect，互连外围设备）⏹PCI SIG（Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group，互连外围设备专业组）⏹POST（Power On Self Test，加电自测试）⏹RNG（Random number Generator，随机数字发生器）⏹RTC（Real Time Clock，实时时钟）⏹KBC（KeyBroad Control，键盘控制器）⏹SAP（Sideband Address Port，边带寻址端口）⏹SBA（Side Band Addressing，边带寻址）⏹SMA（Share Memory Architecture，共享内存结构）⏹STD（Suspend To Disk，磁盘唤醒）⏹STR（Suspend To RAM，内存唤醒）⏹SVR（Switching V oltage Regulator，交换式电压调节）⏹USB（Universal Serial Bus，通用串行总线）⏹USDM（Unified System Diagnostic Manager，统一系统监测管理器）⏹VID（Voltage Identification Definition，电压识别认证）⏹VRM （V oltage Regulator Module，电压调整模块）⏹ZIF（Zero Insertion Force ，零插力）⏹主板技术⏹ACOPS（Automatic CPU OverHeat Prevention System，CPU过热预防系统）⏹SIV（System Information Viewer，系统信息观察）⏹ESDJ（Easy Setting Dual Jumper，简化CPU双重跳线法）⏹UPT（USB、PANEL、LINK、TV-OUT四重接口）⏹芯片组⏹ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface，先进设置和电源管理）⏹AGP（Accelerated Graphics Port，图形加速接口）⏹I/O（Input/Output，输入/输出）⏹MIOC（Memory and I/O Bridge Controller，内存和I/O桥控制器）⏹NBC（North Bridge Chip，北桥芯片）⏹PIIX（PCI ISA/IDE Accelerator，加速器）⏹PSE36（Page Size Extension 36－bit，36位页面尺寸扩展模式）⏹PXB（PCI Expander Bridge，PCI增强桥）⏹RCG（RAS/CAS Generator，RAS/CAS发生器）⏹SBC（South Bridge Chip，南桥芯片）⏹SMB（System Management Bus，全系统管理总线）⏹SPD（Serial Presence Detect，内存内部序号检测装置）⏹SSB（Super South Bridge，超级南桥芯片）⏹TDP（Triton Data Path，数据路径）⏹TSC（Triton System Controller，系统控制器）⏹QPA（Quad Port Acceleration，四接口加速）⏹ASIC（Application Specific Integrated Circuit，特殊应用积体电路）⏹ASC（Auto-Sizing and Centering，自动调效屏幕尺寸和中心位置）⏹ASC（Anti Static Coatings，防静电涂层）⏹AGAS（Anti Glare Anti Static Coatings，防强光、防静电涂层）⏹BLA（Bearn Landing Area，电子束落区）⏹BMC（Black Matrix Screen，超黑矩阵屏幕）⏹CRC（Cyclical Redundancy Check，循环冗余检查）⏹CRT（Cathode Ray Tube，阴极射线管）⏹DDC（Display Data Channel，显示数据通道）⏹DEC（Direct Etching Coatings，表面蚀刻涂层）⏹DFL（Dynamic Focus Lens，动态聚焦）⏹DFS（Digital Flex Scan，数字伸缩扫描）⏹DIC（Digital Image Control，数字图像控制）⏹Digital Multiscan II（数字式智能多频追踪）⏹DLP（Digital Light Processing，数字光处理）⏹DOSD（Digital On Screen Display，同屏数字化显示）⏹DPMS（Display Power Management Signalling，显示能源管理信号）⏹Dot Pitch（点距）⏹DQL（Dynamic Quadrapole Lens，动态四极镜）⏹DSP（Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理）⏹EFEAL（Extended Field Elliptical Aperture Lens，可扩展扫描椭圆孔镜头）⏹FRC（Frame Rate Control，帧比率控制）⏹HVD（High Voltage Differential，高分差动）⏹LCD（liquid crystal display，液晶显示屏）⏹LCOS（Liquid Crystal On Silicon，硅上液晶）⏹LED（light emitting diode，光学二级管）⏹L-SAGIC（Low Power-Small Aperture G1 wiht Impregnated Cathode，低电压光圈阴极管）⏹LVD（Low Voltage Differential，低分差动）⏹LVDS（Low V oltage Differential Signal，低电压差动信号）⏹MALS（Multi Astigmatism Lens System，多重散光聚焦系统）⏹MDA（Monochrome Adapter，单色设备）⏹MS（Magnetic Sensors，磁场感应器）⏹Porous Tungsten（活性钨）⏹RSDS（Reduced Swing Differential Signal，小幅度摆动差动信号）⏹SC（Screen Coatings，屏幕涂层）⏹Single Ended（单终结）⏹Shadow Mask（阴罩式）⏹TDT（Timeing Detection Table，数据测定表）⏹TICRG（Tungsten Impregnated Cathode Ray Gun，钨传输阴级射线枪）⏹TFT（Thin Film Transistor，薄膜晶体管）⏹UCC（Ultra Clear Coatings，超清晰涂层）⏹V AGP（Variable Aperature Grille Pitch，可变间距光栅）⏹VBI（Vertical Blanking Interval，垂直空白间隙）⏹VDT（Video Display Terminals，视频显示终端）⏹VRR（Vertical Refresh Rate，垂直扫描频率）计算机函数数据库#include <iostream.h>class Myclas{private:int m-number;publicvoid setNumber(int number){m-number = number;}int getNumber(){return m-number}};void showMe(){cout<<"我是一个类"<<endl;}};void main (){Myclass mc;//mc.m_number=10;mc.setNumber(10);cout<<mc.showMe()<<endl;}⏹AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port) －图形加速接口⏹Access Time－存取时间⏹Address-地址⏹ANSI (American National Standards Institute) 美国国家标准协会⏹ASCII （American Standard Code for Information Interchange）⏹Async SRAM-异步静态内存⏹BSB (Backside Bus)⏹Bandwidth－带宽⏹Bank －内存库⏹Bank Schema －存储体规划⏹Base Rambus －初级的Rambus内存⏹Baud －波特⏹BGA (Ball Grid Array)－球状引脚栅格阵列封装技术⏹Binary －二进制⏹BIOS (Basic Input-Output System) －基本输入/输出系统⏹Bit－位、比特⏹BLP－底部引出塑封技术⏹Buffer－缓冲区⏹Buffered Memory－带缓冲的内存⏹BEDO (Burst EDO RAM) －突发模式EDO随机存储器⏹Burst Mode－突发模式⏹Bus－总线⏹Bus Cycle－总线周期⏹Byte－字节⏹Cacheability－高速缓存能力⏹Cache Memory－高速缓存存储器⏹CAS (Column Address Strobe)－列地址选通脉冲⏹CL（CAS Latency ）－列地址选通脉冲时间延迟⏹CDRAM （Cache DRAM）－快取动态随机存储器⏹Checksum－检验和，校验和⏹Chipset－芯片组⏹Chip-Scale Package (CSP)－芯片级封装⏹Compact Flash－紧凑式闪存⏹Concurrent Rambus－并发式总线式内存⏹Continuity RIMM (C-RIMM)－连续性总线式内存模组⏹CMOS（Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semicomductor）－互补金属氧化物半导体用于晶体管⏹CPU (Central Processing Unit)－中央处理单元⏹Credit Card Memory －信用卡内存⏹DDR(Double Data Rate SDRAM)－双数据输出同步动态存储器。