英语构词法

Word Formation（英语构词法）一，派生法：* 前缀（词性大多不变）im- impossible impatient impoliteil- illegal illogicalir- irregularin-informal independent incorrect incompleteun- unfair unhappy unknown unnecessary unlucky unfortunateunusual unhealthy untie unlockuncover unfold unwrapdis- discourage disable disappear discover dislike disagree disobey mis- mistake misunderstand mislead misjudgeen- encourage enable enrich enlarge ensuretele- telephone telegraph telescope television telegramre- remarry rebuild rewrite retellreunite reappear reconstructionreuse recyclepre- preview pre-readinter- inter-school international internet non- non-smoker nonjudgmental non-stopmid- midnight midday midterm midsummer mid-autumnover- overhead overcharge overdress oversea* 后缀（词性大多有变化）-er teacher worker farmer learner reader loudspeaker writer playerswimmer leader cooker heaterruler manager trainer driver-or visitor conductor competitor educator operator actor inventor -ment movement arrangement announcement governmentequipment agreementdisagreement achievementjudgment argument amusementdisappointment-ion television decision revision expression discussion permissionadmission-tion invention suggestion competition contribution action educationtransportation evolutioncongratulation examinationcelebration pronunciationoperation organizationintroduction-ance importance distance-ence difference presence absence existence patience confidenceevidence reference preference-ing interesting exciting moving astonishing amazing surprising-ed interested excited moved pleased disappointed surprised satisfiedamazed-y discovery bravery dishonesty dirty sunny rainy cloudy snowy foggywindy dusty lucky noisy saltywealthy smelly hungry angry-ly carefully quickly successfully extremely beautifullywonderfully luckily hurriedlysurprisingly suddenly unexpectedly -ly friendly weekly daily manly brotherly monthly likely livelylovely costly deadly lonely-ity ability possibility disability electricitymajority minority nationalityresponsibility activity necessity-al natural national agricultural logical traditional international-ure mixture failure pressure-an African American Asian European-ian Australian Canadian ItalianEgyptian Russian Brazilian-ese Chinese Japanese-ful careful successful beautiful helpful hopeful wonderful pitifulpowerful plentiful-less careless helpless hopeless endless useless homeless penniless-ness kindness illness darkness sadness loneliness goodness sickness-fy beautify simplify purify terrify satisfy-ize modernize realize organize apologize-en lengthen strengthen frighten-en wooden golden woolen-ern eastern southern western northern-ous famous dangerous delicious poisonous various harmonious-ish selfish yellowish foolish childish -able reasonable forgettable valuablecomfortable-ist scientist artist chemist physicist biologist socialist communistMarxist-ism socialism communism Marxism criticism-ward(s) towards forward(s) backwardsoutwards upwardsafterwards-teen thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen-ty twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy-th fourth fifth sixth seventieth ninth二，合成法：合成名词1.n. + n.classroom newspaper workshop bookstore silkworm blood-test classmate desk-mate headline sunlight car park2.a dj. + n.blackboard broadcast highway freeway mainland gentleman sick-list greenhouse newcomer hard-seat short-wave3.a dv. / prep. + n.overcoat afternoon inland income4.v.- ing + n.reading-room dining-car swimming-pool waiting-room living-room5.n. + prep. + n. father-in-law mother-in-law son-in-law daughter-in-law brother-in-law sister-in-law parents-in-law6.v. + adv.break-down break-throughget-together go-between合成形容词1.n. + adj.snow-white world-famous world-wide color-blind radioactive manlike womanlike2.a dj. / adv. + adj.light-yellow red-hot bitter-sweet ever-green3.n um. + n. + adj.six-year-old eight-inch-high five-foot-tall three-meter-wide 100-metre-long4.n. / adj. / adv. + v.-ing man-eating earth-shaking peace-loving fun-loving good-looking flesh–eating ordinary-looking easy-going hard-working far-seeing5.n./adj./adv.+ pp.snow-covered man-made hand-made state-owned sun-burnt ready-made new-born widespread well-written well-known6.adj. / adv. + n.new-type good-neighbor everyday outdoor indoor underground good-for-nothing7.n. / adj. / num. + n. –ed iron-hearted iron-willed glass-topped kind-hearted warm-hearted blue-eyed white-haired long-legged noble-minded simple-minded right-handed left-handed warm-bloodedcold-blooded four-footed three-legged two-faced three-cornered8.num. + n.400-metre second-hand合成动词1.n. + v. sunbathe airdrop sleepwalk2.a dj. + v.white-wash blacklist3.a dv. / prep. + v.understand overcome overeat overspend upset underline合成副词inside outside upstairs downstairs downtown downhill outdoors before-hand meanwhile sideways head-on三，转化法：1.n. v. X-ray picture shoulder back face machine-gun hand paint cook judge guide guard walk talk look rest glanceHe tried to picture the possible living conditons of the future in his report.No matter how difficult the situation is, theysay they will try their best to back our plan.2.a dj. v. slow empty better clean clear up cool warm furtherDo you regret not going abroad to further your education?In order to better their living, the farmers go to cities to find jobs.。