英语构词法讲解及专项练习
英语构词法讲解及专项
练习
TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
构词法W o r d F o r m a t i o n 在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。
一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式：1. 直接写在一起。
2. 用连字符(-)连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成。
(1) 合成形容词
(2)合成动词
(3)合成名词
(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever
(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything,
二、派生 Derivation
前缀
后缀
注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。
-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。
三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种
词类。
1. 名词和动词之间的转化
telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study,
2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善
3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的
4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领
语法填空之构词法专项练习
1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die） is heavier than Mount Tai.
2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long).
3. How________ (fool) he is!
black people were against slavery and fought for their ________(free) bravely.
5. What you said sounded________(reason) but in fact it was untrue.
thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary.
(honest)speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.
8.Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal) drugs.
9. Ashetriedtoreadamap,hedroveofftheroadintoariver______(luck)
10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous).
weather was good except for an _________ (occasion) shower.
12. The big earthquake made thousands of people ________(home).
13. I'm very careful not to give out my ________ (person) information.
14. To his______(puzzle), his son was ___(happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of the truck.
15. While your IQ tells you how ______ (intelligence) you are, ……
16. Diet and exercise are __________(equal) important.
17. I felt a great sense of ___________（achieve）when I reached the top of the mountain.
18. The police successfully arrested Richard Matt , who was one of the country’s most wanted __________（crime）.
19. My _________(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook within easy reach.
police were interviewing the 30 museum __________(employ)
21.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)
22. Theboyhadthe_______ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)
23. Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill______mytask.(simple)
24.Itsnowed_____lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)
25.Edisonwasagreat______.Duringhislifehehadmany______.(invent)
26.Moreandmore_____havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）
27.Wewant_________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)
28.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_______.(operate)
29.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)
30.Thepolicehave_______aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)。
人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析
人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析1. The movie was so boring that I decided to ______watch it. Which prefix can be added to "watch" to convey this meaning?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案：A。
解析：“un - ”这个前缀常表示相反的意思，“unwatch”可以理解为不再看，符合句子中因为电影无聊所以不再看的语境。
“re -”通常表示再次，“rewatch”是再看一次的意思，不符合题意。
“dis - ”虽然也有否定的意思，但在这里“diswatch”不是一个常规用法。
“mis - ”表示错误，“miswatch”也不是正确的表达。
2. She made a mistake in her speech, so she had to ______do it. What prefix should be used?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案：B。
解析：“re - ”表示再次、重新，“redo”表示重新做，因为她在演讲中犯错了所以要重新做，符合题意。
“un - ”表示相反，“undo”是解开、取消的意思，不适合这里。
“dis - ”表示否定、相反，“disdo”不是常规用法。
“mis - ”表示错误，“misdo”也不是正确的表达。
3. His words were very ______pleasant. Which prefix can be used to form the opposite of "pleasant"?A. unB. reC. disD. mis答案：A。
解析：“un - ”加在形容词前面表示相反的意思，“unpleasant”表示不愉快的，是“pleasant”的反义词，符合题意。
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题40题1<背景文章>Prefixes are an important part of English word formation. A prefix is a group of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" means "not." So, "happy" becomes "unhappy" which means not happy. Prefixes can also change the part of speech of a word. For instance, the prefix "re-" can turn a verb into another verb with the meaning of "again." As in "build" and "rebuild." There are many common prefixes in English such as "pre-," "post-," "mis-," "dis-," and "over-." Each prefix has its own specific meaning and usage. Prefixes help us expand our vocabulary and understand the meanings of words more easily.1. The prefix "pre-" means ______.A. afterB. beforeC. wrongD. again答案：B。
2024新高考英语复习构词法
悲伤的:sorrow—sorrowful
高雅的:grace—graceful
可耻的:shame—shameful
-less
无,不
无成效的:fruit—fruitless
无意义的:meaning—meaningless
不痛的:pain—painless
坐立不安的:rest—restless
无望的:hope—hopeless
2.形容词转换为副词
后缀 -ly
意义 以……方式
例词
绝对地:absolute—absolutely
仅仅:bare—barely
真诚地:sincere—sincerely
事实上,真实地:actual—actually
最后:eventual—eventually
很少:rare—rarely
批评性地:critical—critically
具有……特 性的;与…… 有关的
实际的:practice—practical
偶然的:accident—accidental
符合逻辑的:logic—logical
职业的:profession—professional
面部的:face—facial
金融的:finance—financial
有益的:benefit—beneficial
系统的:system—systematic 有同情心的:sympathy—sympathetic
戏剧性的:drama—dramatic
悲观的:pessimism—pessimistic
热心的:enthusiasm—enthusiastic
乐观的:optimism—optimistic
科学的:science—scientific
英语构词法讲解及相关练习
英语构词法讲解及相关练习⾼中英语构词法讲解与练习在英语中，词的构成⽅式主要有三种：派⽣、合成、和转化。
⼀、派⽣Derivation注意：-ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，⼜可以构成形容词。
⽅式：1. 直接写在⼀起。
2. ⽤连字符(-)连接。
3. 由两个分开的词构成。
(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything,三、转化Conversion: 指⼀个词不变化词形，⽽由⼀种此类转化为另⼀种词类或⼏种词类。
1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜⼦——像镜⼦⼀样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录⾳——记录, name, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前⾯——前⾯的4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——⾸领巩固练习Ⅰ⽤适当的形式填空。
1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise)2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football match. (play)3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy)4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent)6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple)9. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate)10. Thank you for your _________. (kind)11When in Rome, do as the _____ do. (Rome)12. The teacher was pleased with her _______. (honest)Ⅱ.单选1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. careB. carefulC. carelessD. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death3. The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged4.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely5.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction6.—What are you doing here?—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words；a 600-wordsB. 600-word；a 600-wordsC. 600 words；a 600-wordD. 600 words；a 600-words7. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence8. You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmasterD. headache9.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionallyD. intentional10. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.A. practiceB. practiceC. practicalD. practiced11. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter12. Canada is mainly an________country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken13. How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.A. foolish；foolishly；foolB. fool；foolish；foolC. foolish；fool；foolD. foolishly；foolish；fool14. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ________.15. We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A. advanceB. advancingC. advantageD. advanced16. The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A. nearbyB. nearC. nearlyD. near by17.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A. healthB. healthyC. healthilyD. healthier18.________ speaking，I di dn’t do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. DishonestⅢ.根据上下⽂语境和提⽰的⾸字母，在划线处写出⼀个合适的词。
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题带答案1.The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. “blackboard” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案：B。
解析：“blackboard”是由“black”（黑色）和“board”（板）两个独立的词组合而成的复合词（compound word）。
A 选项composite word 一般指合成词，范围比较宽泛；C 选项blended word 指混合词，是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词；D 选项derived word 是派生词，通过加前缀或后缀形成。
2.The football player is very strong. “football” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案：B。
解析：“football”是由“foot”（脚）和“ball”（球）两个词组合而成的复合词。
A 选项composite word 一般指合成词，范围比较宽泛；C 选项blended word 指混合词，是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词；D 选项derived word 是派生词，通过加前缀或后缀形成。
3.The bookcase is made of wood. “bookcase” is a(n) _____.posite wordpound wordC.blended wordD.derived word答案：B。
解析：“bookcase”是由“book”（书）和“case”（箱子）两个词组合而成的复合词。
A 选项composite word 一般指合成词，范围比较宽泛；C 选项blended word 指混合词，是通过把两个词的部分组合在一起形成的新单词；D 选项derived word 是派生词，通过加前缀或后缀形成。
第18讲 构词法(课件)-中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)_1
夯基·必备基础知识
转化法: 在词行不变的情况下，一个单词由一种词性转换成 另一种词性，称为转换(conversion)。转换后的词义与转换前 的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。 缩写和简写：是一个单词或短语的缩写形式，去掉一些字母 或只使用每个单词的第一个字母。
photo-photograph,USA -The United States of America
前 意义
例子
缀
ly 以…… happily高兴地，quickly迅速地，
方式 freely自由地，politely有礼貌地
- 表示方 northward(s)向北，downward(s)向下
war 向
，forward(s)向前
d(s)
ed 状况、心 情等
ing 描述事物
al 与……有 关的
ic ……的 ical en 表示材料 ern 表示方位
复合形容词 worldwide全世界的，homesick想家的，handmade手工制作的 ，kindhearted热心肠的，easygoing随和的，goodlooking好看的 ，hardworking勤勉的，wellknown著名的，newlybuilt新建的
复合动词 复合副词 复合代词
overcome克服，underline画线，oversleep睡过头，sleepwalk梦 游 upstairs在楼上，indoors在室内，outdoors在室外，however无 论如何
uncover, untie, unlock, undress
加在形容词或其派生 的名词或副词前
inexpensive, incomplete, irregular, impolite, impossible.
第07讲 构词法(练习)(解析版)
【解析】考查副词。句意：人们相信，通过适当布置事物，可以和谐自然界的能量。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranging，因此使用appropriately“适当地”，作状语。故填appropriately。
3.（2024·辽宁六校联考）Apart from this, existing examples of ancient Chinese architecture are also(wide) praised for its elegant outlines and various features, such as overhanging eaves(屋檐), upturned roof corners, and different shapesof roofs.
【答案】magnificently
【解析】考查副词。句意：这艘船出来时气势恢宏，其形状和特征具有闽北特色。提示词修饰动词短语comes out，用副词magnificently作状语，意为“壮丽地，宏伟地”。故填magnificently。
6.（2024·江西九江·二模）In 2005, the pattern was(successful)selected as the symbol of China’s cultural heritage to showcase the ancient Chinese people’s wisdomand aspirations.
【答案】globally
【解析】考查副词。句意：展望未来，我们将抓住机遇，继续走在共建“一带一路”前列，为全球提供更多高水平绿色能源。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词provide，用副词作状语。故填globally。
2.（2024·浙江·二模）It is believed that by arranging things(appropriate), one can haronize the energies of the natural world.
英语构词法讲解及练习
名词 ---- 动词
hand n. 手 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 上交 --vt. 坐
nurse n. 护士
oil n. 油 time n. 时间 ---
-----
vt. 护理
vt. 上油
vt. 定时，测时
show n. 展览,展示—vt. 表演,演出
形容词----动词 slow( adj. 慢的)---slow ( v. 放慢) open (adj. 开着的)—open( v.开)
care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人
常见的前缀
(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
examination--exam
另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组 成. CD ( compact disk)
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
UFO( unidentified flying object)
-ed surprised, balanced, talented -ing interesting, outstanding
4.动词变形容词
-al
traditional, international, natural
5. 名词、形容词变动词：
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题(带答案)
高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题(带答案)1. The word “unhappy” means not happy. Here, “un - ” is a prefix. Which of the following words has the same prefix with the same meaning?A. unableB. reuseC. preheatD. subway答案：A。
解析：在“unhappy”中，“un - ”是一个表示否定的前缀，意思是“不”。
“unable”中的“un - ”也是这个意思，表示“不能的”，和“unhappy”中的前缀意义相同。
“reuse”中的“re - ”表示“再次”；“preheat”中的“pre - ”表示“预先”；“subway”中的“sub - ”表示“在……之下”。
2. “Misunderstand” means not understand correctly. The prefix “mis - ” here gives a negative meaning. Which word also has this “mis - ” prefix?A. misleadB. mistakeC. both A and BD. none of them答案：C。
解析：在“misunderstand”中，“mis - ”是表示错误、否定的前缀。
“mislead”中的“mis - ”表示“错误地引导”，“mistake”中的“mis - ”也表示错误的意思，所以A和B都有这个前缀。
3. The prefix “re - ” in “rewrite” means “again”. Which of the following words has the same prefix with this meaning?A. reviewB. removeC. resistD. respect答案：A。
人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析
人教版高中英语词汇构词法分析练习题50题含答案解析1. The word “unhappy” is formed by adding the prefix “un - ” to the word “happy”. Which of the following words is also formed in this way?A. reuseB. disappearC. unkindD. rewrite答案解析：C。
选项A“reuse”是由前缀“re - ”加上“use”构成，表示“再利用”，是“re - ”（ 再、又）这个前缀的构词法。
选项B“disappear”是由前缀“dis - ”加上“appear”构成，表示“消失”，是“dis - ”（否定、相反）这个前缀的构词法。
选项C“unkind”是由前缀“un - ”加上“kind”构成，和“unhappy”一样，“un - ”表示否定，“unkind”意为“不友善的”，符合题意。
选项D“rewrite”是由前缀“re - ”加上“write”构成，表示“重写”，是“re - ”的构词法。
2. We know that “recycle” means to treat things so that they can be used again. Which word has the same prefix as “recycle”?A. untrueB. remarryC. dislikeD. unable答案解析：B。
选项A“untrue”的前缀是“un - ”，表示否定，意为“不真实的”。
选项B“remarry”的前缀是“re - ”，和“recycle”的前缀一样，“re - ”表示“再、又”，“remarry”意为“再婚”。
选项C“dislike”的前缀是“dis - ”，表示否定、相反，意为“不喜欢”。
选项D“unable”的前缀是“un - ”，表示否定，意为“不能的”。