崀山培英2014-2015年高一第一次月考(1,2单元)
高一英语月考试题及答案-五市十校-2014学年高一下学期期中教学质量联合检测
湖南省五市十校2014年上期高一教学质量联合检测英语时量：120分钟；满分：150分；考试范围：Module 3命题学校：南方中学雷锋中学东山中学宁乡一中注意事项：1.考生领到试卷和答题卡后，请认真检查有无缺印、漏印、重印等问题，如有问题，请提出更换请求；2.请在试卷规定的位置填写规定的考生信息；3.所有答案必须全部填涂或填写在答题卡上，凡是答在试卷上的答案一律无效；4.严禁考生将试题卷、答题卡和草稿纸带出考室，违者作考试无效处理。
PartⅠ Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. What’s wrong with the woman?A. She has a headache.B. Her back hurts.C. She has a stomachache.2. What’s the man’s advice?A. Drink plenty of milk.B. Buy a warm coat.C. Get some rest. Conversation 23. Why did the man go to France?A. To travel.B. To study.C. For business.4. What was the weather like in France when Tom was there?A. Hot.B. Cool.C. Foggy. Conversation 35. How long is each class period?A. One hour.B. Two hours.C. Three hours.6. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Mother and son.B. Teacher and student.C. Classmates. Conversation 47. Where does this conversation take place?A. At a gym.B. At a drugstore.C. At an electronics store.8. What is the woman worried about?A. The radio is expensive.B. The radio won’t be loud enough.C. The radio might break under the water.9. When can the woman return the radio?A. Within 3 days.B. Within 7 days.C. Within 30 days.Conversation 510. Who is the man probably?A. A doctor.B. The woman’s teacher.C. The woman’s boss.11. What is wrong with the woman?A. She hurt her leg.B. She caught a cold.C. She hurt her back.12. When will the woman be OK?A. In two days.B. In a week.C. In a month.Conversation 613. What does the woman think of the play?A. Boring.B. Exciting.C. Confusing.14. When did the man read the play?A. Last year.B. Last month.C. Last week.15. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Read it out loud.B. Act out the play.C. Join a study group. Section B (7.5 marks) Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you’ve heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.New Clothes Features·They almost never need to be 16 . ·You can wear them 17 time(s) in a row. ·They will 18 and never smell bad.Prices ·The 19 for $75 each ·The pants for $49·The socks for $ 20 a pairPart II Language Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choice s marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Example:It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. wheneverThe answer is B.21. Now the director, together with some other leaders, ________ examining thewritten material about repairing the bridge.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been22. ________ is easy to answer the question of whether English will keep on changingin the future.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. One23. Summer ________, and soon it will be quite hot.A. approachB. is approachingC. have approachedD. approached24. Having worked for a whole day, he was very tired; ________ in bed, he fell asleep.A. UntilB. IfC. UnlessD. Once25. Loulan, ________is known as China’s Pompeii, was a stopping point on the famousSilk Road.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. What26. With his work ________, he went home happily.A. finishingB. to finishC. finishedD. had finished27. I saw the boy ________ the road to get the rolling football on the other side of it.A. crossesB. to crossC. crossD. having crossed28. ________ a person comes from will affect his or her style of speech.A. WhenB. WhatC. WhyD. Where29. —Have you heard that the rich businessman donated much money to our town?—Yes. A new hospital ________ with the money.A. is foundB. is being foundedC. has been foundD. has founded30. ________ my wife ________ I myself was able to teach my son to sing the song,so we asked one of our friends for help.A. Not only; but alsoB. Both; andC. Either; orD. Neither; nor31. By the time paper was used in the west, Cai Lun in China ________ it hundredsof years before.A. inventedB. had inventedC. was inventingD. has invented32. It was at a friend’s party ________ he first met Mary, who later bec ame his wife.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which33. ______ the old man’s son wanted to know was _____ the gold had been hidden.A. What; whereB. That; whatC. What; ifD. What; that34. James wanted to attend the art show, _________his wife wanted to go home.A. orB. forC. soD. while35. Polly, to whom the blind old man offered help, wanted to know ________ she couldmeet him again.A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which Section B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.My father was a self-taught mandolin（曼陀林琴）player. He was one of the best string instrument players in our town.Dad loved to play the mandolin for his 36 . He knew we enjoyed singing, and hearing him play. He was like that. If he could give pleasure to others, he would, 37 to his family. He was always devoting his time and 38 to his family and trying to make sure that his family had enough in their life.Unfortunately, a(n) 39 happened to him when he worked at Todd Steel. On that particular day, Dad got the third finger of his left hand crushed(压坏) between two pieces of steel. He didn’t lose enough of the finger to stop him 40 anything, but it did 41 his ability to play the mandolin.After the accident, Dad was 42 to play the mandolin. He felt that he could not play as well as he had before the accident. When I came home on leave and asked him to play, he would make excuses for why he couldn’t play. But finally, he wouldbe 43 to play and he would say “Since the accident to this finger I can’t play as well, so generally I’m not willing to play”. For the family it didn’t make any difference that Dad couldn’t play as well as before. We were just 44 that he would play. When he played the old mandolin, it would carry us back to a cheerful and happy time in our lives.In August of 1993, my father came down with lung cancer. About a week before his death, we asked Dad if he would play the mandolin for us. He played a few notes. When I looked around, there was not a 45 eye in the family. Dad was doing something he had done all his life, 46 . Although he was sick, he was still 47 others. Dad surely could play that Mandolin!36. A. neighbours B. family C. teammates D. friends37. A. especially B. normally C. obviously D. naturally38. A. success B. hope C. efforts D. courage39. A. story B. experience C. chance D. accident40. A. dropping off B. turning off C. picking up D. putting up41. A. influence B. develop C. encourage D. raise42. A. unable B. unwilling C. unafraid D. uncertain43. A. advised B. persuaded C. reported D. reminded44. A. worried B. anxious C. glad D. curious45. A. dry B. bright C. wide D. cold46. A. working B. playing C. helping D. giving47. A. interrupting B. surprising C. encouraging D. pleasing Section C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Nowadays, more and more students join in voluntary activities in their sparetime. Some clean parks or streets on Sundays; some take care of 48 old and disabled; 49 help keep order in the railway stations or other crowded public places. It’s clear 50 voluntary activities have attracted a number of students.Voluntary activities benefit students in three ways. Firstly, such activities provide volunteers with a rich life experience, thus making their lives 51 meaningful. Secondly, through voluntary activities, volunteers learn that they are also helping themselves 52 helping others. 53 , volunteers learn that each individual action counts.However, we should remember that voluntary work requires time and effort. 54 we should keep the balance between such work and our study. Besides, many voluntary activities take place in faraway 55 dangerous areas. So personal safety may also be considered before we leave. On the whole, voluntary activities bring us more benefits than risks.Part Ш Reading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ASpring break is a beloved tradition of the American education system, from Kindergarten through graduate school. But for international students who arrive in America for college, spring break is a big challenge. Here are several ways international students can spend spring break in the United States.Stay on campusHoney Lee from Egypt will remain on campus this spring break because she saysshe has nowhere else to go. “A lot of international students stay in the dorms over breaks, but it can still get lonely,” she says.Some schools have programming for international students over breaks. Vanderbilt University organized a spring break trip for international students to the nearby mountains. Some schools also give away movie passes to international students staying on campus for the break.Reconnect with high school friendsChaudhury from India suggests international students look for and find others from their high school that also chose to study in this country. “I certainly get somewhat jealous and lonely when I hear of my American friends going back home so often,” he says.“Seeing my high school friends isn’t like being at home, butit’s a good substitute(代替者).”Visit the homes of friends or familyBreaks can give international students a chance to experience American family life.Last year Lizzie Ballard from the United Kingdom visited the home of a friend in southern California over Th anksgiving and spent Christmas with another friend’s family in Fort Wayne, Ind. “I’m never going to get the chance to do Thanksgiving or have an American Christmas again,” she says.“It’s nice to spend time with a family and see what real life is like here.”Be a touristCarlsen from Japan suggests international students make use of the break time to explore this country. “That experience is very fun and enriching,” he says. Carlsen will visit San Francisco this spring break, and he has spent previous breaks in New York City, Connecticut, and Hawaii. He says New York City is a popular destination among international students.56. Some international students have to stay on the campus during spring break because______.A. they don’t like the spring break tripB. they can see movies on the campusC. they like to stay aloneD. they have nowhere else to go57. From what Chaudhury says we can learn that ______.A. all the international students feel lonely in AmericaB. his high school friends all chose to study in AmericaC. he likes to visit his high school friends in AmericaD. he likes to see his high school friends at home58. Living with an American family can help the international students ______.A. experience the real life in AmericaB. spend Thanksgiving Day and ChristmasC. make a lot of new friendsD. find out their high school friends59. According to what Carlsen says, the place that the international students likemost in America is ______.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. ConnecticutD. Hawaii60. The main purpose of this passage is ______.A. to introduce spring break in AmericaB. to offer international students some ways to spend spring breakC. to tell international students how to travel in AmericaD. to supply readers with college information of AmericaBOur children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution all damage these famous places. Looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford.In the early 1970s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve our history. If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after important historic places. Also, if they discovered that a monument had been damaged by people, they would have money forrepairs. For these reasons, countries around the world united to form the World Heritage Organization in 1972. Today, the organization helps to preserve and repair the most important places from our history.However, one of the biggest problems for historic places is vandalism. People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings. At some sites, such as Stonehenge in England, governments have built high walls to protect the site from vandals(故意破坏者).There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism. Some experts say that if guards(保安人员) patrolled(巡逻) the sites, vandals would not be able to get in. Some experts say that if they fixed more television cameras, they would not need so many guards. Other experts say that the best solution is education. If people learned to respect history, they would not destroy or damage it. They would also want to spend money looking after old places. For this reason, the World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites. 61. According to this passage, ______ is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 1 for the reasonswhy the famous places are damaged?A. people’s awarenessB. pollutionC. war and climateD. traffic62. Which of the following shows us the action of vandalism?A. Governments build high fences to protect the site from vandals.B. Guards patrolled the sites and they fixed more television cameras.C. People enter the sites and cause damage to the buildings.D. They collect as much money as they can to preserve the buildings.63. What’s the best way to solve the biggest problem of preserving our history?A. Every country spends more money looking after the historic places.B. All the countries unite to repair the historic sites.C. Too many guards are needed to prevent vandals getting in.D. To make people know more about the value of historic sites.64. From this passage we learn that the World Heritage Organization ______.A. was founded in 1970B. was founded only to repair the historic placesC. helps to preserve our historyD. offers people information about vandalism65. Where is this passage most likely to have been taken from?A. A news report.B. A social magazin e.C. An advertisement.D. A travel diary.COne Friday night five teenage girls at Danville High School became five young adults, and they did so with their class. I think you’d like to know the story.That night, in a crowded gym, just before the start of the varsity game (校队比赛), the five girls, who were members of the Danville High School basketball team, four of them starters, weren’t in uniform to pl ay. They were there to explain why they were kicked off the team.While school had been out for the Christmas and New Year’s holidays, the girlshad gone to a party with several of their friends. It was New Year’s Eve. There was alcohol(酒) there. And the five girls all drank some.Coach Tammy Rainville has a zero-tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for the members of her team. Every kid who plays for her knows that rule. So when classes began after the holidays, rumors(谣言) about the five girls began spreading quickly. The five girls got together and decided to go to their coach with the full story. The coach said she couldn’t back down on her rule. The players agreed. That Friday night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach’s decision. At last one of them, Shelly, said: “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. We made a mistake… What we did was not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone open their eyes and realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community. And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we haven’t been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five girls left the gym and a great cheer went up from the crowd.The Danville High School girls’ ba sketball team may not win another game this year. But they’ve learned something about personal responsibility, the effect of one’s actions on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life.66. The five girls were kicked off the basketball team because ______.A. they made a mistake at schoolB. they didn’t do well in the varsity gameC. they drank alcohol at the New Year’s partyD. they spread rumors about basketball games67. According to the passage, the five girls ______.A. couldn’t tolerant their coach and decided to leave the teamB. realized their mistake and accepted their coach’s decisionC. will take part in next game of this yearD. will never play basketball again68. The underlined phrase “back down on” in Paragraph 4 is similar to “______”in meaning.A. set offB. cut offC. take upD. give up69. It can be inferred from what Shelly said that ______.A. the drug and alcohol problem among teenagers should be solvedB. drinking alcohol will cost them their futureC. they have been thrown off the basketball team for nothingD. everyone in their community likes drinking alcohol70. What’s the author’s attitude towards the five girls?A. Sympathy.B. Worry.C. Disappointment.D. Appreciation.Part IV Writing (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Many people, especially college students, have had a very ideal plan about theirlife since the start of high school. But what happens when your life plan goes wrong?Here are some suggestions to help you change your plan.Firstly, a serious change in plans often comes as a surprise. However, one simplesolution exists to solve it. Take a step back. Stepping back could mean anythingfrom going to a quiet place that you are familiar with or spending a night out withyour best friends. These kinds of activities will help you clear your head and keepyou outside of the serious situation. Remember, anxious thoughts and a wanderingmind will be your worst enemy.Secondly, remember to be realistic. When deciding your next steps, try to findout what you can control and what you cannot. Spend more time planning the thingsthat you can control and leave out the things that cannot be controlled in your newplans.Thirdly, there are a lot of resources that can be used to help you change yourplans. Your professors, family members, friends, coaches, former teachers,counselors, advisors, etc … will help you resolve your situation. Go to ask themfor some advice.Of course, a change in your plan will make you change your schedule. Situationslike this will give you a perfect opportunity to experiment with interests what youwere previously unable to explore. Take every opportunity as it comes and try toexplore something new.Lastly, do what feels right and comfortable to you. If you feel that a suggestionto change your plans will be beneficial, go for it! If you feel that something isnot practical, don’t do it! Remember to follow your gut(直觉).Always remember, there are benefits that come out of any situation. If you lookat life like a long, winding road, you never know where a detour(迂回路) might leadyou. So sometimes a change is necessary. Be brave to face it!Title: Suggestions about how to 71I. 72 : your life plan going wrongII. Suggestions●Taking a step back﹡activities:going to a quiet place 73spending a night out with your best friends﹡purposes:to help your head 74 and keep you outside of the serious situation● 75﹡planning the things that you can control﹡ 76 the things that you cannot control● Asking for advice﹡the people 77 : your professors, family members, friends, coaches,former teachers, counselors, advisors, etc …● 78﹡changing your schedule﹡experimenting with interests●Following your gut﹡doing all the things making you feel 79III. 80 : You can benefit from any situation. So be brave to face any change. Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.Newspaper reporters are standing along the red carpet that is waiting for guests of the Second Chance Dance. Unfortunately, the girl who created it can’t be there to see what she created.Felicia Ann Armstrong died at home in Jeffersontown in August last year, following health problems that began when she was born. She was only 19 years old. Felicia once made it to her junior prom(中学正式舞会) at North Bullitt High School despite health problems that made it difficult for her to eat. She wore a beautiful dress that hit above the knee, and one of her best friends accompanied her as her date. Felicia had a great time at the dance, and she wanted other kids with health problems to have a chance to experience that.During one of her last stays at Kosair Children’s Hospital, she came up with the idea for the Second Chance Dance, a dance for teenagers who have missed the prom because of serious medical illness. She approached officials of Kosai r Children’s Hospital and Norton Healthcare with her idea and what made her excited was that she got an immediate yes from the officials. She told them, “One big thing that’s going to be really different is that I want everybody to get a crown. Not just a ‘king’ and ‘queen’.Her dream has become a reality today, when the Children’s Hospital Foundation and BraveHearts sponsor(主办) the dance in her honor at The Henry Clay downtown. Many people value it very much and tell the reporters that they hope the Second Chance Dance will turn into something bigger — perhaps become an annual event or even something other cities pick up on.81. What did Felicia Ann Armstrong die from? (No more than 5 words) (2 marks) ______________________________________________________________________________ 82. What does “the Second Chance Dance” mean? (No more than 15 words) (2 marks) ______________________________________________________________________________ 83. Why did Armstrong create such a dance? (No more than 16 words) (3 marks) ______________________________________________________________________________ 84. How do people like Armstrong’s idea? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)______________________________________________________________________________ Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.请用英语写一篇短文，叙述一次你帮助别人的经历，以及你事后的感想。
新宁县崀山培英学校2020_2021学年高一化学上学期第一次月考试题
湖南省新宁县崀山培英学校2020-2021学年高一化学上学期第一次月考试题（时间:80分钟满分：100分）一、选择题（本题包括25小题，每小题2分，共50分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意.）1．人们在认识事物时经常采用分类的思想方法。
下列有关“Na2CO3"的分类中不正确的是（)A．化合物B．盐C．钠盐D．碱2．下列说法正确的是(）A．纯净物一定由分子构成B．同种分子构成的物质一定是纯净物C．混合物肯定由两种以上元素组成D．含有氧元素的化合物都是氧化物3．春秋季节在我市常出现大雾天气,对于这种现象下列说法正确的是（)A．大雾是由于空气中的SO2超标造成的B．大雾可看作是一种分散剂为水的分散系C．大雾可看作是一种胶体D．大雾是由于空气中的粉尘超标造成的4. 下列关于Fe(OH）3胶体的说法中，不正确的是（）A．分散质粒子直径在10－9～10－7mB．是一种纯净物C．具有丁达尔效应D．具有净水作用5．盐是一类常见的物质，下列物质通过一步反应可直接形成盐的是（）①金属单质②碱性氧化物③碱④非金属单质⑤酸性氧化物⑥酸A．①②③B．①④⑥C．②⑤⑥D．全部6. 下列叙述中,正确的是( ）A。
KNO3固体不导电，所以KNO3不是电解质B。
铜丝、石墨均能导电，所以它们都是电解质C。
熔融的MgCl2能导电，所以MgCl2是电解质D. NaCl溶于水，在通电条件下才能发生电离7．下列物质中能导电，但又不是电解质和非电解质的纯净物是(）A．熔融的NaCl B．石墨晶体C．液氯D．盐酸8．今有一种固体化合物X，X本身不导电，但熔融状态或溶于水中均能够电离，下列关于X的说法中，正确的是（) A．X一定为电解质B．X可能为非电解质C．X只能是盐类D．X只能是碱类9．下列物质溶于水，其电离方程式正确的是(）A．NaHCO3＝Na＋＋H＋＋CO错误!B．（NH4）2SO4＝NH错误!＋SO错误!C．NH4Cl ＝NH＋4＋Cl－D．Ba（OH)2＝Ba2＋＋OH错误!10．下列电离方程式书写正确的是（）A．Al2（SO4)3＝2Al3+＋3SO42—B．AlCl3＝Al3+ ＋Cl3—C．Mg（NO3)2 ＝Mg2+＋NO3-D．KMnO4 ＝K+＋Mn7+＋4O2—11．下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是（）A．稀硫酸滴在铜片上:Cu＋2H+＝Cu2+＋H2↑B．将铁片插入硝酸银溶液中：Fe＋Ag+＝Fe2+＋AgC．稀硝酸滴在大理石上：CaCO3＋2H+＝Ca2+＋H2CO3D．氧化铁与稀盐酸混合：FeO＋2H+＝Fe2+＋H2O12．下列离子方程式正确的是（）A．铜与硝酸银溶液反应Cu＋Ag＋＝Cu2＋＋AgB．CH3COOH溶液与NaOH溶液反应H＋＋OH－＝H2OC．碳酸镁与稀H2SO4反应MgCO3＋2H＋＝Mg2＋＋H2O＋CO2↑D．石灰乳与稀盐酸反应H＋＋OH－＝H2O13。
高一英语下学期月考答案全
班级_________ 姓名____________ 学号_____________ 考场号_____________ 座位号_________——————————装——————————订——————————线————————————平罗中学2014—2015学年度第二学期第一次月考试卷高一英语第I 卷 （选择题，共100分）第一部分：听力 （共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What time is it now?A. It's 9:10.B. It's 9:30.C. It's 9:50. 2. Where are the two speakers ?A. In a supermarket.B. On a farm.C. At a restaurant. 3. What's the advice of the man?A. Going to Tianjin by bus.B. Going to Tianjin by train.C. Going to Tianjin by plane.4. How much will they pay for that car by cash?A. 455 dollars.B. 495 dollars.C. 550 dollars. 5. What is the woman going to do?A. Ask for some help.B. Move the pot herself.C. Wait at the corner. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2024届湖南省邵阳市崀山培英学校物理高一第二学期期末质量检测试题含解析
2024届湖南省邵阳市崀山培英学校物理高一第二学期期末质量检测试题注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一项符合题目要求，有的有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
1、(本题9分)关于下列运动说法正确的是（）A．平抛运动是匀变速运动B．平抛运动是非匀变速运动C．匀速圆周运动是匀变速运动D．匀速圆周运动是匀速运动2、(本题9分)在长为50m的标准游泳池举行100m的游泳比赛，参赛运动员从出发至比赛终点的位移和路程分别是A．0m，50m B．50m，100m C．100m，50m D．0m，100m3、(本题9分)一辆汽车正在水平公路上转弯,沿曲线由M向N行驶，速度逐渐增大,下面四幅图中画出的汽车所受合力F的方向可能正确的是（）A．B．C．D．4、(本题9分)我国发射的“神州六号”载人飞船，与“神州五号”飞船相比，它在更高的轨道上绕地球做匀速圆周运动，如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．“神州六号”的速度大于“神州五号”的速度B．“神州六号”的周期大于“神州五号”的周期C ．“神州六号”的角速度大于 “神州五号”的角速度D ． “神州六号”的向心加速度大于 “神州五号”的向心加速度5、 (本题9分)下列说法正确的是A ．功是能量转化的量度B ．运动物体所具有的能就是动能C ．物体在恒力作用下一定做直线运动D ．物体在变力作用下一定做曲线运动6、 (本题9分)2012年11月，“歼15”舰载机在“辽宁号”航空母舰上着舰成功．图（a ）为利用阻拦系统让舰载机在飞行甲板上快速停止的原理示意图．飞机着舰并成功钩住阻拦索后，飞机的动力系统立即关闭，阻拦系统通过阻拦索对飞机施加—作用力，使飞机在甲板上短距离滑行后停止，某次降落，以飞机着舰为计时零点，飞机在t =0.4s 时恰好钩住阻拦索中间位置，其着舰到停止的速度一时间图线如图（b ）所示．假如无阻拦索，飞机从着舰到停止需要的滑行距离约为1000m ．已知航母始终静止，重力加速度的大小为g ．则A ．从着舰到停止，飞机在甲板上滑行的距离约为无阻拦索时的1/10B ．在0.4s-2.5s 时间内，阻拦索的张力几乎不随时间变化C ．在滑行过程中，飞行员所承受的加速度大小会超过2.5 gD ．在0.4s-2.5s 时间内，阻拦系统对飞机做功的功率几乎不变7、如图所示，两个电源的电动势均为6E V =，内阻均为3r =Ω，01R =Ω，直流电动机内阻01R '=Ω。
2025届湖南省邵阳市崀山培英学校高一化学第一学期期末检测模拟试题含解析
2025届湖南省邵阳市崀山培英学校高一化学第一学期期末检测模拟试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(共包括22个小题。
每小题均只有一个符合题意的选项）1、X元素最高价氧化物对应的水化物为HXO3，它的气态氢化物为（）A．HX B．H2X C．XH3D．XH42、下列各组中两种物质作用时，反应条件或反应物用量改变，对生成物没有影响的是A．Na与O2B．NaOH溶液与CO2C．Na2O2与CO2D．AlCl3溶液与NaOH溶液3、体操运动员比赛时为了防滑，常在手掌上涂抹碳酸镁粉末。
碳酸镁属于( )A．酸B．碱C．盐D．氧化物4、下列示意图中，白球代表氢原子，黑球代表氦原子，方框代表容器，容器中间有一个可以上下滑动的隔板(其质量可忽略不计)。
其中能表示等质量的氢气与氦气的是A．B．C．D．5、下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A．将稀硫酸滴在铁片上：2Fe+6H+=2Fe3＋+3H2↑B．纯碱与足量稀盐酸反应：HCO3-+H＋=H2O+CO2↑C．用铝粉和NaOH溶液反应制取少量H2：Al+2OH-=AlO2-+H2↑D．实验室制取CO2：CaCO3+2H＋=Ca2＋+H2O+CO2↑6、在无色溶液中，能大量共存的离子组是A．K+、H+、SiO32－、NO3－B．Fe3+、K+、SCN－、SO42－C．I－、H+、Na+、NO3－D．Ca2+、Na+、NO3－、Cl－7、下列物质可用降温结晶法提纯的是( )A．食盐中混有少量泥沙B．含杂质氯化钠的硝酸钾C．氯化钠中含有杂质氯化镁D．酒精中混有少量的水A．不慎将酸溅到眼中，应立即用水冲洗，边洗边眨眼睛B．不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上，要立即用大量水冲洗，然后涂上硼酸C．酒精灯着火时可用水扑灭D．浓硫酸不慎洒到皮肤上，先迅速用干布擦去，后用水冲洗，再涂上3%～5%的NaHCO3溶液；若是其他酸，先用大量水冲洗后再涂上3%～5%的NaHCO3溶液9、将盛有氮气和二氧化氮(无N2O4)混合气体的试管倒立于水中，经过足够长时间后，试管内气体的体积缩小为原来的一半，则原混合气体中氮气与二氧化氮的体积比是()A．1∶1 B．1∶2 C．1∶3 D．3∶110、向盛有氯化铁溶液的烧杯中加入过量的铜粉，反应结束后，溶液中大量存在的金属离子是A．Fe2+、Fe3+B．Fe2+、Cu2+C．Fe3+、Cu2+D．Cu+、Cu2+11、刻制印刷电路板时，用FeCl3溶液作为“腐蚀液”，发生反应为Cu+2Fe3+═2Fe2++Cu2+．根据该反应判断下列说法不正确的是（）A．Cu是还原剂B．Fe3+具有氧化性C．该反应是置换反应D．该反应属于离子反应12、用N A表示伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是()A．28g氮气含有的原子数是N AB．标准状况下，22.4L水的分子数是N AC．2L0.5mol/L的稀硫酸中含有H2SO4分子数是N AD．钠与水反应，生成2gH2，则转移的电子数是2N A13、如下图所示的四组实验装置中，一般不用于分离物质的是( )A．B．C．D．14、下列表示不正确的是（）A．氯离子结构示意图：B．漂白液的有效成分：NaClOC ．[SiO 4]四面体的球棍模型：D ．KSCN 的名称：硫氢化钾15、将2.7g 铝溶解于100mL 3 mol·L -1 NaOH 溶液中，然后向所得溶液中加入400mL 1 mol·L -1盐酸，最后可得沉淀的质量是（） A ．2.7gB ．5.2gC ．7.8gD ．10g16、相同温度和压强下，3体积的X 2气体与6体积的Y 2气体化合生成6体积的气态化合物A ，则生成物A 的化学式为（ ） A ．XY 2B ．X 3Y 2C ．X 2Y 3D ．XY17、下列仪器不能加热的是A ．B ．C ．D ．18、今有x 、y 、z 、w 四种元素的微粒，彼此间能发生如下反应：Cl 2+2Br －＝2Cl －+Br 2 ; 2Fe 3+ + 2I －＝2Fe 2+ + I 2 ; Br 2 +2Fe 2+= 2Fe 3++ 2Br －其中氧化剂的氧化能力由强到弱的顺序为( )A ．Cl 2>Br 2>Fe 3+>I 2B ．Cl 2>Fe 3+>I 2>Br 2C ．Cl 2> I 2>Fe 3+> Br 2D ．Br 2>Fe 3+>I 2 >Cl 2 19、当光束通过鸡蛋清水溶液时，从侧面观察到一条光亮的“通路”，说明鸡蛋清水溶液是( ) A ．溶液B ．胶体C ．悬浊液D ．乳浊液20、以下为氨气部分用途下列有关叙述错误．．的是 A ．NH 4NO 3是常用化肥B ．在硝酸工业中氮元素的化合价变化情况：－3→＋2→＋4→＋5C ．NH 3和NO 2在一定条件下发生氧化还原反应，其化学方程式：8NH 3＋6NO 27N 2＋12H 2OD ．NH 3在氮肥工业中氮元素被还原，而在硝酸工业中氮元素被氧化 21、下列离子在溶液中一定能大量共存的是（ ） A ．Ag +、NH 4+、NO 3-、Cl -B ．Na +、HCO 3-、SO 24-、OH -、Cl-C．Fe2+、H+、Na+、ClO-D．Na+、OH-、SiO2322、下列说法中正确的是A．实验室用加热NH4Cl和NaOH组成的混合固体来制备NH3B．用点燃的火柴在液化气钢瓶口检验是否漏气C．工业上用SO2漂白纸浆、毛、丝、草帽等D．保存金属钠的仓库着火可以用泡沫灭火器去灭火二、非选择题(共84分)23、（14分）下图为一些物质之间的转化关系，其中部分反应中反应物或生成物未列全。
湖南省年邵阳市崀山培英学校高一下学期期末考试语文试卷
2018年下学期崀山培英学校期末考试高中一年级语文试卷本试卷共五道大题，26道小题，满分150分。
时量150分钟。
分答题卷和答题卡，答案一律写在答题卡上，只交答题卡。
第I卷一、现代文（论述类、实用类）阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面文段，完成1—3题。
近二十年来，动物的游戏行为引起了研究者的极大兴趣，成为行为研究中最有争议的领域。
争议的焦点，是动物为什么要进行游戏。
过去主要有两种看法。
一些科学家提出“演习说”，他们认为，游戏行为是未来生活的排演或演习，游戏行为使得动物从小就能熟悉未来生活中要掌握的各种“技能”，熟悉未来动物社会中将要结成的各种关系。
但有些科学家并不同意“演习说”，他们提出“自娱说”，认为动物游戏是为了“自我娱乐”，通过自得其乐的游戏，动物紧张的自然竞争生活得到某种调剂和补偿，使它们在生理上、心理上容易保持平衡，从而得到一定的自我安抚和自我保护。
而不久前，汉斯·特贝和斯塔·阿特曼等又提出了一种新假说——“学习说”。
他们认为，游戏是一种实践性很强的学习行为，如果给黑猩猩一根棍子，它们就会用棍子互相赶来赶去，像人们赶鸭子似的；也会用棍子去取挂着的食物。
经历过这种游戏的黑猩猩，在今后生活中就容易学会使用棍子。
同样，“捉迷藏”和追逐游戏，也使动物学会利用有复杂的自然环境、社会环境巧妙地结合起来。
因而，无论对幼小动物还是成年动物，游戏都是一种十分重要的学习行为。
而约翰·贝叶和保尔·赖特认为，游戏不仅是学习，而且是“锻炼”。
贝叶注意到，西伯利亚羚羊的游戏带有明显的锻炼倾向：它们选择游戏场地时，似乎总是从“实战”出发，选择在坎坷的斜坡上奔跑追逐，在陡峭的悬崖上跳跃，好像是在锻炼它们逃避敌害的能力。
赖特发现，北极熊冬季生活艰难，要花很大力气去捕捉海豹、鱼类，过着紧张的流浪生活。
到了夏季，冰雪消融了，北极熊转移到陆上生活，食物来源丰富了，它们不必为猎食而整天奔波，吃饱喝足了，就进行各种游戏，如摔跤、奔跑、追逐、滑坡等。
湖南省新宁县崀山培英学校2020-2021学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试卷
崀山培英学校2020年高一年级第一次月考数学试题分值：150分 时间：120分钟注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）一、单选题（本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1．设集合A 只含有一个元素a ，则下列各式正确的是( )A ．0∈AB ．a ∉AC ．a∈AD ．a ＝A2．已知集合{}1,2,4A =，{}0,2,4B =，则AB =（ ） A ．{}2,4 B ．{}0,1,2,4C ．{}0,1,2,2,4D ．{}04x x ≤≤ 3．集合{1,2,3}的所有真子集的个数为（ ）A ．3B ．6C ．7D ．84．命题“2,220x x x ∃∈++≤R ”的否定是（ ）A ．2,220x x x ∀∈++>RB ．2,220x R x x ∀∈++≤C ．2,220x x x ∃∈++>RD ．2,220x x x ∃∈++≥R5．已知条件: p a b >，条件22:q a b >，则p 是q 的（ ）A ．充要条件B ．既不充分也不必要条件C ．充分不必要条件D ．必要不充分条件6．若20x ax b ++<的解集为{|21}x x -<<，则,a b 的值分别是（ ）A ．1，2B ．1，-2C ．-1，-2D ．-1，27．已知,x y 都是正数,且211x y+=，则x y +的最小值等于（ ）A．6 B ． C ．3+ D ．4+8．已知关于x 的不等式20x kx k ++>恒成立，则实数k 的取值范围是（ ）A ．(0,4)B ．[0,4)C ．(,0)(4)-∞⋃+∞D ．(,0][4)-∞⋃+∞二、多选题（本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分，在每小题给出的四个选项中均有两个及以上正确答案，多选或漏选均不得分，选对部分选项得3分）9．给出下列关系，其中正确的选项是（ ）A ．{}{}∅∈∅B ．{}{}∅⊆∅C ．{}∅∈∅D ．{}∅⊆∅ 10．下列结论成立的是（ ）A ．若ac bc >，则a b >B ．若a b >，c d <，则a c b d +>+C ．若a b >，c d >，则a d b c ->-D ．若0a b <<，则22a b >11．下列判断错误的是( )A ．1x x +的最小值为2B ．{菱形}{矩形}={正方形}C ．方程组1,3y x y x =-⎧⎨=-⎩的解集为{}2,1D ．如果0a b <<，那么2211a b < 12．下列不等式中可以作为21x <的一个充分不必要条件的有（ ）A ．1x <B ．01x <<C ．10x -<<D ．11x -<<第II 卷（非选择题）三、填空题（共4个小题，每题5分，共20分）13．已知全集{}2,1,0,1,2,3U =--，集合{}1,0,1A =-，则C UA = ______. 14．已知集合{}1,A x =，{}21,B x=且A B =，则x =_____________. 15．函数9()(0)=+>f x x x x的最小值为____. 16．已知a ，b ，x 均为正数，且a ＞b ，则b a ____b x a x++（填“＞”、“＜”或“＝”）． 四、解答题（共70分，第17题10分，18-22题每小题12分，解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。
湖南省邵阳县石齐学校2014_2015学年高一语文下学期第一次月考试题(普通班,无答案)
2015高一平行班第一次月考语文试题注意事项：全卷满分150分，考试时间150分钟。
一、基础知识及运用（每小题3分，共24分）1、下列各项词语中划线字的读音，完全正确的一项是（）A. 抚膺（ｙīｎɡ）庠序（ｙáｎɡ）钿头（ｄｉàｎ）霓裳（ｓｈāｎɡ）B. 吮血（yǔn）崔嵬（ｗéｉ）荻花（ｄí）环珮（ｐèｉ）C. 栈道（ｚｈàｎ）嗟叹（ｊｉē）商贾（ɡǔ）脊髓（ｓｕĭ）D. 朔漠（ｓｈｕò）咀嚼（ｚｈǔｊué）瘦削不堪（xuē）江渚（ｚｈǔ）2、选出书写完全正确的一项是（）A.噫嘘兮，危乎高哉！B.座中泣下谁最多，江州司马轻衫湿。
C.独留青家向黄昏D.自言本是京城女，家在虾蟆陵下住。
3、下列各句中，划线的成语使用恰当的一句是（）A.李明海已经是高三学生了，还藕断丝连地和他两个初中同学在一起吃饭，尽管三个男孩儿都不在同一个班。
B.经理表示：往者不可谏，来者犹可追，一定要在去年取得巨大成功的基础上，增加产量，拓宽销售渠道，争取更好业绩。
C.这座小学庭院狭小，房屋破旧，室内光线阴暗，同对面富丽堂皇的县委办公大楼不可同日而语。
D.老实说，大家经过这么多年的艰苦努力，取得了如此辉煌的成绩，这的确是一件大快人心的事。
4、下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A.公园里刻画随处可见，涂鸦行为在升级。
B.我们欢迎读者为本报“鸡蛋里面挑骨头"。
C.这首交响乐是作者在列宁格勒被法西斯围困，并疯狂叫嚣要占领这座城市的时候赶写的。
D.黑暗势力的迫害，使她更坚决地把我们兄弟几个送到革命队伍里去。
5、下列有关文学常识的表述，错误的一项是（）A.盛唐时期的李白与杜甫是我国唐诗史上的双子星并称“李杜”，世称“李杜文章在，光芒万丈长”，而中唐诗人李商隐和杜牧被称为“小李杜”。
B.杜甫是我国文学史上伟大的现实主义诗人。
《登高》通过描绘秋江景色，倾诉诗人长年漂泊、老病孤愁的复杂感情。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2014-2015学年度???学校10月月考卷试卷副标题考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx第I卷（选择题）请点击修改第I卷的文字说明一、选择题（题型注释）1．《荀子·儒效篇》记载：“(周公)兼制天下，立七十一国，姬姓独居五十三人。
”这一记载反映了西周实行的是（）A.宗法制B.分封制C.禅让制D.郡县制2．《新唐书·百官志》所言：“宰相之职，佐天子，总百官，治万事。
”据此，对古代宰相的理解错误的是：A、宰相就是皇帝的总管家，替皇帝管理国家大事B、宰相与皇帝是分开的，宰相是政府领袖，代表政府C、皇帝与宰相是一体的，皇帝是主，宰相是辅D、宰相只是协助，辅佐皇帝，决策权只掌握在皇帝手中3．最近，北京大学出台的自主招生政策，拒招不孝敬长辈的学生，这不仅让人想起了古代的“孝廉”。
以孝廉为标准选拔人才的制度，始于汉代，在东汉成为求仕者的必由之路。
这种制度是（）A．世官制 B. 察举制 C. 科举制 D. 八股取士制4．我国的行政区划中的省(自治区、直辖市)都有一个相对应的简称，如江西简称赣，上海简称沪等。
下列省中，其简称源自西周封国国名的是A．山西B．河北 C．四川D．福建5．每年清明节到来时，四川大竹、渠县一带特别是农村同姓同族的人聚在一起吃垻垻宴，在宴会前要举行一个隆重的仪式，所有前来的人都要进行烧纸钱，点蜡烛，烧香，放鞭炮等一系列的祭祖活动，与这一活动密切相关的中国古代制度是A. 宗法制B.分封制C.世袭制D.郡县制6．元朝在秦朝以来郡县制的基础上，实行行省制。
关于这一制度的表述正确的有①是中国省制的开端②是古代中央行政制度的重大变革③加强了中央集权④巩固了多民族国家的统一A．①②③④ B．①②③C．①③④ D．③④7．某地洪水为患，消息上报朝廷后，幕僚根据皇帝之意，写成诏书，经皇帝确认无误后，直接送至工部、户部等单位执行，要求尽快赈济灾民。
这是哪个时期的制度（）A．秦汉 B．隋唐 C．宋元 D．明清8．唐朝时三省长官都是宰相，常常同时有七八个宰相议政。
统治者这样做的主要目的是A、完善中央集权B、分散相权，加强皇权C、减少决策失误D、加强中央对地方的控制9．中国男女比例出现严重失衡，目前全国男女出生性别比为116.9：100,而有的省份竟达到135：100,形势不容乐观。
到2020年，中国处于婚龄的男性人数将比女性多出3000万到4000万，这意味着平均五个男性中将有一个找不到配偶，将有数千万的男子无妻可娶，成为传统意义上的“光棍”。
新生儿性别比例失调，这说明重男轻女观念仍然存在。
这种观念形成的历史原因是（）A.宗法制B.分封制C.郡县制D.井田制10．赢政统一全国后，称“皇帝”，自称“朕”，命令称“制”或“诏”，印称“玺”。
以上材料说明（）A．赢政功绩极大 B．皇权至高无上 C．赢政决心效法先王 D．实行礼制11．2008年起，清明、端午、中秋节纳入中国国家法定节假日，受到人们的赞誉。
追根溯源，下列各项中与这种珍惜亲情、渴望相聚的情结形成有着密切关系的是A、分封制B、宗法制C、郡县制D、科举制12．下列关于清朝军机处的说法，不正确的是（）A．是中央最高行政决策机构 B．皇帝挑选亲信重臣担任军机大臣C．军机大臣只是跪奏笔录 D．军机处的设立者是雍正帝13．安徽凤阳是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋的故乡，下列关于朱元璋的说法正确的是A．驾崩后庙号称“明太祖”B．创立军机处以加强君权C．开创内阁制以辅助丞相D．结束科举制以促进民主14．“收乡长、镇将之权悉归于县，收县之权悉归于州，收州之权悉归于监司，收监司之权悉归于朝廷。
”有关宋代上述做法的表述，错误的是（）。
A．目的是提高地方政府办事效率B．有利于消除地方权重的弊端C．造成地方政府权力过小D．导致地方政府人浮于事15．秦朝时期的军国大事，一般先由丞相、御史大夫和诸卿进行朝议，最后由皇帝决裁。
这一做法使A.中央强化了对地方的控制B. 民主观念开始渗入到政治体制C.君权在事实上遭到了弱化D. 君主专制造成了决策失误有所减少16．英国史学家约翰指出：“如今有个趋势，人们怀念她的民主制度，并将其视为所有现代民主制度的源头。
”这里的“她”是指A．古埃及B．古罗马C．古印度 D．古希腊17．1906年载泽等人在《奏在法考察大概情形折》中罗马称：“大抵欧洲各国政治，悉根源于罗马旧制，言政法者必先言罗马，犹中国学者必首推周秦。
”下列不可能受到罗马法影响的是（）A．西周的分封制B．拿破仑时期的《民法典》C．19世纪末20世纪初的日本民法D．中国清末和民国时期的民法18．奠定近代欧洲法律体系基础，为各国立法提供范本的是A．希腊法B．秦朝法律C．罗马法D．唐朝法律19．美国考古学家曾在希腊发现刻有雅典政治家第米斯托克里名字的陶片190枚，根据字迹辨认是由140人刻写的，由此可以看出“陶片放逐法”A.体现了公民的意志B.是审判敌人的妙方C.实际上被少数人控制D.是一出民主的闹剧20．罗马法核心内容之一就是承认财产神圣不可侵犯，下列摘自《十二铜表法》的条款不能反映这一内容的是（）A．第一表：诉讼当事人一方过了午时仍不到庭的，长官应即判到庭的一方胜诉B．第五表：死者的财产需按其遗嘱进行处理C．第七表：橡树的果实落于邻地时，得入邻地拾取之D．第八表：非法砍伐他人树木的，每棵处以25阿斯的罚金21．古希腊流行一句话：“男人就是城邦”，这意味着A．城邦为男人服务 B．成年男人是城邦的主人C．妇女在城邦中不享有公民权 D．男人在城邦中占绝大多数22．古罗马市政官规定：上市的奴隶须用牌子写明各奴隶的国籍、性别、年龄、技能和有无疾病等，并挂在胸前，事后如发现有出入，允许买主请求减价或解除契约。
此规定体现了罗马法的主要现实意义是A．协调罗马公民间的关系 B．维护奴隶主的经济利益C．保护奴隶的正常交易 D．适应商品经济的客观需要23．罗马法规定：当事人若不向法庭提出诉讼，法庭即不予受理；一个人除非被判有罪，否则即是无罪之人；一个被控有罪的人，可在宣判前为自己辩护；法官审判应重证据等。
这些规定后来成为现代法治的重要原则。
下列各项中，符合上述规定的是A.法庭立案是否皆取决于案情B.被告在法庭审理过程中无罪C.被告必须为自己的行为辩护D.证据是法官判案的唯一依据24．希腊多山多岛的地理环境对希腊历史发展产生的最大政治影响是 ( ) A．促进古希腊城邦民主制的形成 B．港湾众多，促进了航海业的发展C．人多地少成为其海外扩张的一个因素 D．有利于同外部世界的交流第II卷（非选择题）请点击修改第II卷的文字说明五、综合题（题型注释）25．阅读下列材料，回答问题。
材料一丞相绾等言：“诸侯初破，燕、齐、荆地远，不为置王，毋以填（镇）之。
请立诸子，唯上幸许。
”……廷尉李斯议曰：“周文武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠，诸侯更相诛伐，周天子弗能禁止。
今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县，诸子功臣以公赋税重赏赐之，甚足易制。
天下无异意，则安宁之术也。
署诸侯不便。
”——《史记•秦始皇本纪》材料二唐初，每事先经由中书省，中书做定将上，得者再下中书，中书付门下。
或有未当，则门下缴驳，又上中书，中书又将上，得者再下中书，中书又下门下。
若事可行，门下即下尚书省。
尚书省但主书填“奉行”而已。
——《朱子语类》材料三自古三公论道，六卿分职。
自秦始置丞相，不旋踵而亡。
汉、唐、宋因之，虽有贤相，然其间所用者多有小人，专权乱政。
我朝罢相，设五府、六部、都察院、通政司、大理寺等衙门，分理天下庶务，彼此颉颃，不敢相压，事皆朝廷总之，所以稳当。
——《明太祖实录》请回答：（1）据材料一，指出秦统一后在“朝议”如何管辖地方的过程中存在着哪两种意见？李斯主张的理由是什么？（6分）(2)材料二指出唐初一道旨意主要包含了哪些人的意见？三省六部制有何特点？结合材料指出这一制度的局限性。
(6分)(3)材料三中明太祖对自秦至宋的相关评述正确吗？结合史实简要分析说明。
明太祖“罢相”的实质是什么？(7分)26．阅读下列材料材料一自武帝初立……及仲舒对策，推明孔氏，抑黜百家。
立学校之官，州郡举茂才、孝廉，皆自仲舒发之。
——《汉书·董仲舒传》材料二今台阁选举，涂塞耳目，九品访人，唯问中正。
故居上品者，非公侯之子孙，则当涂之昆弟（当权者的亲属）也。
……同才之人先用者，非势家之子，则必为有势者之所念也。
……暨时有之，皆曲有故，慢主罔时，实为乱源，损政之道一也。
——《晋书》材料三唐行科举制度，凡举士铨官，皆重考试。
自魏晋以来，造成门阀之九品中正制度，至是始完全废除。
且科举盛行，白衣及第，得通婚于世宦，而门第之风亦衰，此实为中古社会上一大变革也。
——《中华二千年史》请回答：（1）据材料一，指出汉武帝时期选拔官吏的主要途径？（2分）（2）材料二中选官制度是什么？其选官标准有何消极影响？（3分）（3）据材料三并结合所学知识，分析科举制度特点和意义。
（4分）（4）综合上述材料，探讨中国古代选官标准的演变对于现代人才选拔的历史借鉴。
（1分）参考答案1．B【解析】试题分析：CD不对，禅让制是原始社会部落联盟时期推选首领的制度，夏朝建立后被世袭制取代；郡县制是春秋战国时期形成雏形，秦朝全面推行。
A属于西周制度，但根据材料中“立七十一国，姬姓独居五十三人”可知主要是指分封制。
考点：本题考查西周政治制度。
点评：周朝对建国的元老、功臣、亲属和先世的后代等进行大分封。
分封的目的是为了加强和巩固西周的统治，“封建亲戚，以蕃屏周”。
封制”在周朝时期是周王室把疆域土地划分为诸侯的封建制度。
分封的办法是把王畿(首都地区)以外的土地和人民分封给亲属、功臣、元老，建立起诸侯国，以镇守疆土，保卫王室。
2．B【解析】试题分析：本题主要考察学生调动知识解决问题的能力。
根据材料和所学知识，宰相和皇帝是一体的，皇权至高无上，代表政府。
所以答案选B。
考点：古代中国的政治制度·汉到元政治制度的演变·丞相制度3．B【解析】试题分析：本题考查古代的选官制度。
世官制属于贵族官职的世袭，科举制以及八股取士都是以考试成绩为标准，因此AC项错误；察举制由官员根据人的德才向中央推荐，其中很重要的一项就是根据“孝廉”选拔人才。
故选B。
D项是科举制在明清时期的表现。
考点：古代中国的政治制度·汉到元政治制度的演变·古代的选官制度。
4．A【解析】试题分析：西周主要分封的诸侯国有鲁、齐、燕、宋、卫、晋等，山西简称晋，河北简称冀，由此排除B。
西周的统治范围尚不及南方的四川和福建，由此排除C和D，故选A。
考点：古代中国的政治制度·商周时期的政治制度·分封制。
5．A【解析】注意题干中的关键信息“同姓同族”“祭祖”。