高中英语猜词题技巧整理版
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题学习讲义
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题（讲案）（一）识别和判断猜词题题干特征常见命题形式1. 意义类The word “...” probably means ______.By saying “...” we mean ______.“...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ______.2. 替代类The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ______.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”?What do you think the expression “...” stand for?3. 指代类The word “...” refers to ______.（二）猜词类题目解题技巧1. 利用上下文语境来猜测词义Passage 3There are so many ways to make new friends such as joining a sports team, taking part in community activities, or traveling. And there is no doubt that a friend in need is a friend indeed because he can help you out when you are in trouble or encourage you when you are upset. So, joining a sports team will be my first choice.The primary reason for this is that everyone in a sports team has the same interest, which is the most basic character for friends. Because of it, they will become your potential friends so that the chance to be friends is very high. In addition, the same interest can give you a lot of topics to talk about with your friends in daily conversation.（2017-2018，省实验高一上期期中考试，B）1. 【★★★】The underline word “potential” can be replaced by .A. beatB. suitableC. reliableD. possible【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。
高中英语阅读理解之猜词题(思维导图+练习含答案)
阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图二、方法点拨1. 设问方式•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the pa ssage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?2. 七大技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：例子1Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。
例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
高考英语阅读理解猜词技巧
Welcome to our warm family ！
汇报人姓名
汇报日期
Let’s have a dictation : remind sb of sth, concentrate on, lose sight of, focus on, take it easy, contribution, 7 absorb, vocabulary.
根据大纲的要求，考生必须要掌握3500左右的词汇;刚出台的新大纲规定今年的高考英语试题新增加240多个生词，广东省高考增加了95个词，这无疑加大了试题的难度，特别是阅读理解题中生词出现率就更大了，可以推断出根据上下文猜测新词的意义的题目要求就更高了。
The latest news:
1
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Now, let’s come to the guessing of new words in the passage.
这种题常见的提问方式有：
The most effective way to find out the meaning of the word in the context:
根据上下文情景进行猜测
(2004年全国卷I,B篇) [原文] So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her "Change for Change" effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities(慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students.
高考英语猜词技巧专题讲解
2. Tom is lazy, but his brother is industrious.
小结
勤奋的
表转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though , too…to等。
小试身手
1. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, however, his wife is very thrifty.
颤抖
3. Because this chemical liquid is highly
volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has
a tight lid. 易挥发的
7 根据举例猜词
1.The shop sells stationery , such as pens,
（5）…Of course,not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.‘‘Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Caliano, Albaz,Marc Jacobs- and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill.
pencils, paper, envelopes, and so on. 文具
高三英语阅读理解之猜词技巧
现吨市安达阳光实验学校猜词技巧一．在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。
其实阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：二．根据各种已知信息推测下列划线单词的词义。
1. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there isa dry period, or drought.2. Within days, food often spoils or become unsafe to eat.3. Today young couples who are just starting their households often spendlots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.4．Biggest power failure in the city’s history. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.5. He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.6. One night Mrs.Rochester succeeded in setting the house on fire. Mr.Rochester managed to lead the servants to safety and then went back into the burning mansion to rescue his wife.7. Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.8. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed.9. .She read my letter slowly +to the end and then tore it to shreds.10. Car rentals (出租) are becoming more and more popular as aninexpensive way of taking to the roads.11. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived inthe middle of her first class.1、同义词、近义词反义词1）Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. Theyalso regard drinking as harmful.2）At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from thebank.1)eg.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.2)Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, allmy friends abhorred it.3）If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”2、义、解释或举例1）.He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study ofplants.2）. A birds sanctuary is a place where birds can breed and take refusefrom hunters.3）. Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people ; one player tries to get the other down on the floor.3、因果关系--- since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（卷）A．full of respect B．too confident and rudeC．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet4、标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.A.dictionariesB. story-booksC. magazinesD. newspapers5、经验和常识In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.三．高考题1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(NMET，卷)65.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”(in Para.3) means that the colours_______.A. attracted the customers stronglyB. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shoppingD. caused the customers to lose interest２. Fermat]s Last Theorem(理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. (NMET2003,C篇,65)65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination.3. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can bea basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother oftwo, ages 4 and 18 months. (NMET2002,E篇,74)74.What does the under lined word ‘hassle’probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests．4. In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.I find that creativity (创)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (流利程度).68. The underlined words "waiting for the hell" in the first paragraph probably mean _________A. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bellC. expecting the end of the classD. wanting to speak in class5. Members of the working class have blue-collar jobs. They are construction workers, truckdrivers, mechanics, steel workers, electricians, and the like. What makes this class differ fromthe lower class is, first, longer periods of employment -- and therefore, more fixed incomes —and, second, employment in skilled or semiskilled (半熟练的 ) occupations, not unskilledones. Although unemployment hits all levels of the American economy, including those of skilled and semi-skilled workers, it is most common at the bottom of the class structure and increasingly less common at each level upward. They consider themselves to be respectable and hard working and they look down upon members of the "lower" class, whom they often consider to be lazy, dis-honest, and too ready to exploit public assistance. (06.)65. The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means .A. strike with a blowB. have bad effects onC. break uD. break6. When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know. (06.)69. The underlined phrase "turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably means .A. leave forB. return toC. give upD. rely on答案有害的 adj. get worse a kind of raincoat 厌恶，憎恨不赞成；不同意D B C C B C。
高考英语阅读理解十大猜词法
高考英语阅读理解十大猜词法我是万能的木子，一个有腔调的英语老师，所带学生高考成绩很多都在140左右，也有一些基础一般的学生考120左右，希望通过自己的微薄之力，帮助在英语学习中遇到困惑的你们。
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猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。
掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。
1．构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able 是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
2．利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
3．利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4．利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
(完整版)高中英语阅读理解中猜词题的解题技巧
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。
关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。
这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。
我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。
高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。
在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法：一根据解释猜词义在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。
1、根据定义猜测词义如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。
例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。
2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。
在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。
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1、定义或解释说明1. be2.be called⋯3. means⋯4. be defined as⋯5.refer toWe can feel acceleration, which is an increase in speed. But we notice it for onlya short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.1.the underlined word acceleration means _______.A. any kind of movementB. the movement of aplane C. a steady speedD. to make something mover faster2、对比关系1. but/however/yet/while⋯2.otherwise/or/or else ⋯3. instead of4.although/though/as◎John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however,is very thrifty.◎ If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write“no”.◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, Iwas sure that he was innocent of the thing.(2008 江苏卷， A 篇) We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(敌人 ). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally.56.The underlined word “ ally ” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______.A.your slave and serves youB.your supporter and helps youC.under your control and obeys youD.under your influence and follows you3、因果关系1.because/since/as/for/due to ⋯2.so/therefore/thus/consequently⋯3.so ⋯ that/such⋯that◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.◎The river is so turbid that it is impossibleto see the bottom even when it isshallow(浅的 ).(2009 安徽卷， B 篇) Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact,they are seen as boats“on land” for their ability to carry loads.60. The words “ boats on land ” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to __A．animals for taking goodsB. creatures for pulling plows（犁）C. treasures of the folk cultureD. tools in the farming economy4、举例法1. such as/for example/ for instance2. Like3.especially4.include/including5. consist of◎Cars must have certain safety devicessuch as seat belt, headlights,andgood brakes（刹车） .◎On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, fortheir eggs and meat.(09 福建卷， E 篇) In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts inpersonal emissions(排放物 ) to keep the world from reaching extremely importanttipping points, such as the melting(融化 ) of the ice sheets in Greenland or WestAntarctica.“ _______” .73. The underlined words“ tipping points” most probably refer toA. freezing pointsB. burning pointsC. melting pointsD. boiling points5、重述1.that is ( to say )2.⋯in other words/or⋯3.to put it another way⋯◎In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers haveirrigate,to orwater their fields.◎ All whales consist of two groups, those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong toodontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.6.前后缀猜词1). 常见前缀dis-/in-/non-/ir- 否定前缀re- 再⋯ mini- 小over- 过度super- 超过pre- 前猜词： recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal2).常见后缀-er/-or/-ian/-ist/- ese ⋯人special a特.别的specialist n.专家-able/-ful/-ish/-ern形容词后缀reach v. 到达reachable adj.可获得的-ment/-tion/-ture/-ness 名词后缀careless a粗.心的carelessness n粗.心（2008 全国卷 I, B 篇）The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del MonteGold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.62. The underlined word “ fixture in ”Paragraph 3 probably refers to something______.A.that people enjoy eatingB. that is always presentC. that is difficult to getD. that people use as a gift1.(2009 天津卷， A 篇） Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One isnamed by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, oldhabits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name longafter the meaning is lost.37. What does the underlined phrase“ die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly.B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously.D. Disappear very slowly.2（.2009 陕西卷，C 篇） Even though science can tell us that some of our traditionalbeliefs don hold’t water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales.50. The phrase“ hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“ _____A. to be believableB. to be valuableC. to be admirableD. to be suitable3.A man’ s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they aredisgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of hisfamily, his lineage(宗系 ), and his tribe.1).The word“ disgrace” means ____ in this text.A. honorB. endangerC. proudD. shame4.The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he wasbanished. A few members of the Senate(参议院 ) opposed this decision, but themajority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.1). The underlined word “banished”mean _______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whipping5.Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time whenshe first began college. She said,“ I was always well prepared for my examinations.But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just blank outbecause of nervousness and fear. ”1). The phrase“ blank out” in Paragraph 1 refers to“ _______.”A. lose interest in the examB. refuse to take the examC. get an extra paperD. be unable to think clearly1. Albert ’ s success after much effortdpracticean proves the value of persistence.A. timeB. competitionC. perseverance2. All his attempts to unlock the door wasfutile, because he was using the wrongkey.A. 成功的B. 徒劳的C.有效的D. 匆促的3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has alreadymade much greater achievements than his predecessors.A. 上级B. 前任C. 同事D. 下级4.She didn ’heart what you said because she was completely engrossedinher reading.A. 心不在焉的B.紧张的C. 全神贯注的D.睡意浓的5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.A. prettyB. calmC. protectiveD. energetic6. He is a resoluteman. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’ t give it up halfway.A. strongB. firmC. kindD. clever7.The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him thathe worked as an engineer.8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was sodifferent from that inside the city.9.You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.A. dictionariesB. story-booksC. magazinesD. newspapers10.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A. became sweeterB. became red11.Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead ofthe more direct highway.12.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitsin one day.A. smallB. largeC. dull13.Jane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of herfirst class today.A． late B．on time C．pleased14.Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got nearA．a bird B．an animal C．the sun15.The children are looking at a large, hairy(毛的 ) ape at the zooA.a kind of monkey B． a kind of snake C． a kind of fruit16.The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on．A．a glass B．a cake C．a small plate。