高血压英文PPT精品课件Geneticsof
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高血压英文PPT精品课件Antihypertensive
• Diagnosis is generally based on repeated, reproducible measurements of elevated blood pressure and not on patient symptoms. Patient compliance is a major obstacle to therapy
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
--高血压英文PPT精品课件_5
Hypertension is often symptom less, so screening is vital - before damage is done. Many surveys continue to show that hypertension remains under diagnosed, undertreated and poorly controlled in the UK
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
Approximately 25% are due to Reno vascular disease - most frequently atheromatous (e.g. elderly cigarette smokers with peripheral vascular disease) or fibromuscular dysplasia (more common in younger females). Endocrine disease
Secondary hypertension 5% Underlying cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
Approximately 75% are from intrinsic renal disease: glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosa, systemic sclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis, or polycystic kidneys.
Hypertension, Introduction.
Hypertension is one of the most important preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality in the UK. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke (ischemic and haemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline and premature death. Untreated hypertension may result in vascular and renal damage that can culminate in a treatment-resistant state.
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Hypertension
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
高血压英文PPT精品课件Cerebrovascular
deficit that has a sudden onset, lasts more than 24 hours, and results from cerebrovascular disease.
A stroke occurs when there is a disruption
of blood flow to a region of the brain.
Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correTATIONS
A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment.
About one-fourth of strokes are hemorrhagic, resulting from hypertensive vascular disease (which causes an intracerebral hemorrhage), a ruptured aneurysm, or an arteriovenous malformation.
Risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and use of birth control pills.
Prevention efforts focus on lifestyle changes that can modify risk factors.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
A stroke occurs when there is a disruption
of blood flow to a region of the brain.
Dysphasia: difficulty in speaking and putting words into the correTATIONS
A stroke is usually characterized by the sudden onset of focal neurological impairment.
About one-fourth of strokes are hemorrhagic, resulting from hypertensive vascular disease (which causes an intracerebral hemorrhage), a ruptured aneurysm, or an arteriovenous malformation.
Risk factors for stroke include smoking, hypertension, obesity, cardiac disease, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and use of birth control pills.
Prevention efforts focus on lifestyle changes that can modify risk factors.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
高血压英文PPT精品课件Geneticsof
Renal Salt Reabsorption Intravascular Volume Volume Delivery to Heart Cardiac Output
Vascular compliance
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Essential Hypertension
PKDH1 Gene in Human and Rat
PKD
Ideal Cross
SS
BN Control
F1 Intercross
Distribution of MAP in Male Rats on High Salt
7
BN
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SS
P0
5
4 3
F1
2
1
0
25
20
15 10
F2
5
0
1. Characteristics of the clinical picture
No model can match the complete clinical picture,
as no single patient reflects the entire clinical spectrum.
•No region consistently demonstrated significant linkage
•Evidence of linkage found in some regions in multiple studies: 1q, 2p, 3p, 6q, 7q, 12q, 15q, 17q, 18q, 19p
Monica Stoll, Anne E. Kwitek-Black, Allen W. Cowley Jr., Eugenie L. Harris, Stephen B. Harrap, José E. Krieger, Morton P. Printz, Abraham P. Provoost, Jean Sassard, and Howard J. Jacob
《高血压英语》课件
了解高血压可能导致的一些严重健康问题，如心脏病、中风和肾脏问题。
预防与治疗
饮食
了解如何通过健康的饮食来预防和管理高血压。
减肥
了解如何通过控制体重来降低高血压的风险。
运动
探索适合高血压患者的运动方式，以维持健康。
药物治疗
介绍高血压的常用药物和治疗选项。
与高血压相关的英语词汇
1 血压
了解血压的定义和测量方 式。
2 心脏
探索心脏的结构和功能， 以及它与高血压之间的关 系。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3 动脉
了解动脉的作用和与高血 压的相关性。
4 血管
了解血管的结构和功能，以及其在高血压中 的角色。
5 测量血压的工具
介绍用于测量血压的不同工具和设备。
医生的面诊
了解在与医生交流时使用的常见英语表达，如病症描述和治疗方案。
处理心理问题
1
《高血压英语》PPT课件
# 高血压英语PPT课件 探索高血压的定义，症状和风险。了解如何预防和治疗高血压以及相关的英 语词汇。
什么是高血压？
高血压是一种常见的健康问题，也称为高血压。了解什么是高血压以及它对 身体的影响。
高血压的症状
探索高血压可能引起的一些常见症状，如头痛、头晕和呼吸困难。
高血压的风险
被诊断出患有高血压的心理反应
了解当你被诊断出患有高血压时可能出现的心理反应。
2
减轻心理负担的方法
探索如何通过积极的心理策略来减轻与高血压相关的心理负担。
3
支持小组
介绍参加支持小组的好处，并了解如何加入。
总结
高血压的关键知识点
简要回顾高血压的关键知识点， 以加强理解。
处理高血压的英语技能
预防与治疗
饮食
了解如何通过健康的饮食来预防和管理高血压。
减肥
了解如何通过控制体重来降低高血压的风险。
运动
探索适合高血压患者的运动方式，以维持健康。
药物治疗
介绍高血压的常用药物和治疗选项。
与高血压相关的英语词汇
1 血压
了解血压的定义和测量方 式。
2 心脏
探索心脏的结构和功能， 以及它与高血压之间的关 系。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3 动脉
了解动脉的作用和与高血 压的相关性。
4 血管
了解血管的结构和功能，以及其在高血压中 的角色。
5 测量血压的工具
介绍用于测量血压的不同工具和设备。
医生的面诊
了解在与医生交流时使用的常见英语表达，如病症描述和治疗方案。
处理心理问题
1
《高血压英语》PPT课件
# 高血压英语PPT课件 探索高血压的定义，症状和风险。了解如何预防和治疗高血压以及相关的英 语词汇。
什么是高血压？
高血压是一种常见的健康问题，也称为高血压。了解什么是高血压以及它对 身体的影响。
高血压的症状
探索高血压可能引起的一些常见症状，如头痛、头晕和呼吸困难。
高血压的风险
被诊断出患有高血压的心理反应
了解当你被诊断出患有高血压时可能出现的心理反应。
2
减轻心理负担的方法
探索如何通过积极的心理策略来减轻与高血压相关的心理负担。
3
支持小组
介绍参加支持小组的好处，并了解如何加入。
总结
高血压的关键知识点
简要回顾高血压的关键知识点， 以加强理解。
处理高血压的英语技能
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
arteriole structure Compliance of Vessel wall
ppt课件 6
Psychological factors Renin –angiotensin aldosterone system（RAAS） Sodium and hypertension Abnormality of vascular endothelium（ET，NO， AngII, PGI2, etc) Insulin resistance revascularization other（obesity，smoking，drinking，hypocalcium, hypomagnesium, hypopotassium）
Heart failure Systolic hypertension 长效） Diabetes, proteinuria Renal insufficiency(mild) Myocardial infarction ACEI Stable angina Disorder of lipid pregnancy Prostate proliferation
ppt课件
12
Risk factor of cardiovascular disease
male > 55, female> 65 smoking Total cholesterol> 5.72mmol/L (250mg/dl) diabetes Early cardiovascular family history（early onset of CV disease male<55；female <65)
Diuretics ß–blocker a-blocker Calcium channel blocker ACE inhibitor Angiotensin II receptor blocker compound anti-hypertensive agents
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONANDVASCULAR
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Hale Waihona Puke Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; eg, 24 2–4 mm Hg oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.
(elevated serum creatinine,
▪(2) Renovascular disease
abnormal urinalysis),
(abdominal bruits)
▪(3) APKD-autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease (abdominal or flank masses)
Prehypertension:
recheck in 1 year
2. Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99
Stage 1 hypertension:
confirm within 2 months
2 separate office visits)
▪(5) Primary hyperaldosteronism
(hypokalemia)
7
JNC VII 2003 recommendations
Normal: recheck in 2 years (see Comments)
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Renal Salt Reabsorption Intravascular Volume Volume Delivery to Heart Cardiac Output
Vascular compliance
Systemic Vascular Resistance
Essential Hypertension
Diet: Salt
Pale3,000-7,000 mg
02:00
06:00
10:00
Time of day
14:00
Hypertension in the Elderly
• BP levels vary with age 160
SBP
140
– SBP rises continuously
120
– DBP rises until 6th decade 100
ENaC, a, b, g 1q31-42 PRKWNK4 PRKWNK1 12p11-12 ENaC b and g subunits SLC12A3 NKCC2, ROMK, CLCNKB CYP11B, CYP17A1 CYP11B1, CYB11B2 HSD11B2
Rare monogenic Mendelian forms of hyper / hypotension are caused by mutations in genes that regulate renal sodium handling
Normal
Essential Hypertension
Systolic BP < 120 mm Hg
> 140 mm Hg
Diastolic BP < 85 mm Hg
> 90 mm Hg
Hypertension affects 1/4 adults living in industrialized countries and is associated with increased risk of stroke, renal failure, heart failure and coronary heart disease.
then tends to fall
80
DBP
60
15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85–99
Age Group (y)
• These changes are largely due to aortic stiffening
Normal BP versus Hypertension
Genetics of Hypertension
Yen-Pei Christy Chang, Ph.D.
GenEpi, PREV 789, April 28, 2013
Blood Pressure Regulation
Cardiac Output
Arterial Blood Pressure
Peripheral Resistance
Monogenic Forms of Hypertension Susceptibility Genes for EH = Monogenic HTN Genes?
Effect of Westernization on BP
• Diet • Activities • Growth and development • Lifestyle • Environmental exposures
Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IIA Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IIB Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type IIC Hypertension-Brachydactyly Liddle’s syndrome Gitelman’s syndrome Bartter’s syndrome Adrenal hyperplasia Glucorticoid-remediable aldosteronism Apparent mineralocorticoid excess
Regulated through:
Salt and Water Balance in Kidney Autonomic Nervous System Hormonal Responses
70-80 %
GLOMERULUS
5-10%
20-25% 1%
0.5-1%
The kidney filters per day: 150-200 liters of blood 500-600 grams of sodium Urinary excretion is: 1-2 liters of fluid 5 grams of sodium
Systolic (SBP)
Diastolic (DBP)
24-h BP Profile Typical College Student
Blood pressure (mm Hg)
Awake 180 160 140 120 100
80
22:00
Sleep
Awakening Awake
SBP
DBP
Molecular Mechanism of Human Hypertension R.P. Lifton, A.G. Gharavi, and D.S. Geller, Cell 104(4); 545-556
Renal Salt Reabsorption Cardiac Output
Systemic Vascular Resistance
30% to 60% of the blood pressure variability in the general population is determined by genetic factors.
Robert Platt
George Pickering
Monogenic Forms of Human Hypertension / Hypotension