2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题814_船舶静力学
814
华南理工大学
2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目
名称：船舶静力学
适用专业：船舶与海洋工程；船舶与海洋工程(专硕)
共 5 页1(10 分)
静水力曲线一般应包含15 种曲线，试写出任意五种。
2(10 分)
试解释稳性衡准数。
我国《非国际航行海船法定检验技术规则》对此有何要求？3(10 分)
如图1 所示，半潜船常在主甲板尾部设置两个浮箱，称为艉浮箱。
请从稳性的角度阐述设计艉浮箱的目的。
图1 半潜船艉浮箱
4(10 分)
如图 2 所示为两种典型的船舶静稳性曲线。
某方形浮码头的主尺度为LxBxD=20x5x3(单位：m)。
请问它的静稳性曲线更接近于图中哪种情况，并阐释其特
点。
图 2 两种典型的船舶静稳性曲线
5(10 分)
图3 为瓦良格号航母的下水现场图片，试判断其下水方式。
图3 艏部有一白色装置，试分析其用途。
图 3 瓦良格号航母的下水现场
图4 静稳性力臂曲线和动稳性力臂曲线
吃水为1.0m 时的排水体积和浮心垂向坐标排水体积V= m3浮心垂向坐标zb= m。
2016-2018年华南理工大学815普通化学硕士研究生入学考试题
815
华南理工大学
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：普通化学
适用专业：安全科学与工程；安全工程(专硕)
815
华南理工大学
2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：普通化学
适用专业：安全科学与工程；安全工程（专硕）
815
华南理工大学
2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：普通化学
适用专业：安全科学与工程；安全工程(专硕)。
华南理工大学考研试题2016年-2018年材料力学(机)
。
A 冰先破水管完好
B 水管先破冰完好
C 冰和水管同时破裂
D 无法确定
10. 单元体的应力状态如图 2-2 所示（单位 MPa），最大剪应力是
。
A 80
y
B 50
50
C 65
D -50
z
80
x
图 2-2
第2页
三、计算题（共 9 题，共 90 分） 1．如图 3-1 所示，胶合而成的等截 面轴向拉伸杆，其强度由胶缝控制， F 已知胶的需用切向应力[]为正应力 的 0.6。试问角度为何值时，胶缝 面的正应力和且应力同时达到各自 需用应力。（8 分）
841 华南理工大学
2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：材料力学(机) 适用专业：化工过程机械；油气储运工程
一、填空题（每题 3 分，共 30 分）
共5页
1．强度是指构件抵抗
的能力。
2. 应力变化不大，应变显著变化的现象称为
图2
10 塑性材料构件中的四个点应力状态如下所示，最容易屈服的是
。
0.67
A
B
C
D
第2页
三. 三杆构架如图 3 所示，已知载荷 F=40KN，三杆的横截面面积分别为 A1=200mm2， A2=250mm2，A3=300mm2，各杆材料相同，弹性模量 E=200GPa，试求各杆轴力。（10 分）
,(Mpa)
。
8. 圆轴扭转时传递功率 P=10KW，转速 120r/min，相应的外力偶矩为
。
9. 如图 1-1 所示，AB 与 BC 两杆原先在水平位置，在 F 力作用下两杆变形，B
华南理工大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
A. 路面结构强度
B. 路面结构的稳定性
C. 路面结构的刚度 D. 路面的平整度
2. 影响粘性土压实效果的决定性因素是（ ） A. 压实功能 B. 压实机具 C. 压实方法 D. 含水量和土的性质
3. 关于路面结构层次，说法有误的一项是（ ） A. 路面结构根据功能要求的不同分为面层、基层和垫层 B. 面层是直接与行车和大气相接触的表面层次 C. 基层是路面结构的承重层 D. 垫层介于面层与基层之间
6. 沥青路面抗滑性能取决于（ ）
A. 路面的细结构和粗结构
B. 路面的刚度
C. 路面的强度
D. 路面的稳定性
7. 路基边坡的滑塌破坏是属于（ ） A. 受压破坏 B. 弯拉破坏 C. 剪切破坏
第 1页
D.因土质而定
8. 路基边坡的一部分土体在重力的作用下，沿着一定的滑动面滑动，这种现象称为 （） A. 剥落 B. 碎落 C. 崩塌 D. 滑坡
816 华南理工大学
2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：道路工程(含路基路面工程和道路勘测设计) 适用专业：道路与铁道工程；交通运输工程(专硕)
一、选择题（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
共页
1. 从路面的角度看，影响路面行驶质量的主要因素是（ ）
第3页
9. 一般将路基中承担车轮荷载作用的部分，称之为（ ） A. 路堤 B. 路堑 C. 路床 D. 路面
10. 路基干湿类型划分的指标是（ ） A. 路基土的稠度 B. 路基土的密度 C. 路基的临界高度 D. 路基的受力状态
二、简答题（共 85 分） 1. 常见的主要运输方式有哪几种？简述各种运输方式的特点及适用性。（5 分） 2. 公路设计分为哪几个阶段？简述各阶段的主要内容。（5 分） 3. 汽车的行驶阻力有哪些？简述汽车行驶的充分必要条件。（5 分） 4. 公路的最小平曲线半径有哪几种？分别在何种情况下使用？（5 分） 5. 缓和曲线的作用是什么？确定缓和曲线应考虑哪些因素？（5 分） 6. 什么是超高？设置超高的作用是什么？什么是超高缓和段？（5 分） 7. 什么是视距？试分析公路上视距不良的路段有哪些？（5 分） 8. 什么是公路选线？简述选线的一般原则。（5 分） 9. 什么是公路 CAD 系统？简述公路路线 CAD 系统的主要功能及特点。（5 分） 10. 对路面垫层所用材料的一般要求是什么？（10 分） 11. 高等级公路沥青路面为什么采用双层或者三层的形式？（10 分） 12. 路面结构的稳定性通常指什么？（10 分） 13. 划分道路沥青等级的指标是什么？选择合适的道路沥青等级要考虑哪些因素？ （10 分） 三、论述题：（共 45 分） 1. 试从上坡及下坡的角度分别对长大纵坡条件下的车辆运行特点进行分析。探讨在
2017年华南理工大学 814船舶静力学 硕士研究生考试大纲及参考书目
布丁考研网，在读学长提供高参考价值的复习资料
814船舶静力学考试大纲
一、考试目的
本考试的目的是考察考生是否掌握船舶与海洋工程专业的基础知识，是否具备对船舶设计的基本能力。
二、考试性质与范围
本考试是一种测试应试者对专业基础知识的掌握程度及应用能力的水平考试。
考试范围包括考生对船舶静力学的基本理论、计算方法、工程应用等方面的基础知识。
三、考试基本要求
1．具有扎实的船舶与海洋工程专业基础。
2．能熟练掌握基本理论与方法。
3．具有较强的问题分析能力。
四、考试形式
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，基础知识测试与综合分析技能测试相结合的方法。
五、考试内容
本考试包括以下部分：基本概念和基本理论、基本分析、应用计算等。
总分为150分。
知识点：
（1）浮性；
（2）初稳性；
（3）大倾角稳性；
（4）抗沉性；
（5）船舶下水计算。
六、考试题型
序号 考试内容 题型 分值 备注
1 基本概念 填空题 20
2基本概念 名词解释 20
3 理论分析 简答题或论述题 60
4 应用与计算 计算题 50
共计 150
七、参考书目
《船舶静力学》盛振邦、杨尚荣等,上海交大出版社1992。
华南理工大学考研试题2016年-2018年814船舶静力学
814
华南理工大学
2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：船舶静力学
适用专业：船舶与海洋工程
（其中，的单位为；
=30
814
华南理工大学
2017年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：船舶静力学
适用专业：船舶与海洋工程；船舶与海洋工程（专硕）
814
华南理工大学
2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）
科目名称：船舶静力学
适用专业：船舶与海洋工程；船舶与海洋工程(专硕)
图1 半潜船艉浮箱
所示为两种典型的船舶静稳性曲线。
某方形浮码头
LxBxD=20x5x3(单位：m)。
请问它的静稳性曲线更接近于图中哪种情况，并阐释其特
图2 两种典型的船舶静稳性曲线
为瓦良格号航母的下水现场图片，试判断其下水方式。
图3置，试分析其用途。
图3 瓦良格号航母的下水现场
图4 静稳性力臂曲线和动稳性力臂曲线
图5方形浮码头主尺度
6方形浮码头横剖面浸湿
吃水为1.0m时的排水体积和浮心垂向坐标
排水体积V= m3
浮心垂向坐标zb= m
第 5 页。
2019华南理工大学船舶与海洋工程考研801材料力学与814船舶静力学复习全析(含真题与答案)
2019华南理工大学船舶与海洋工程考研801材料力学与814船舶静力学复习全析（含真题与答案）《2019华南理工大学考研801材料力学复习全析（含真题与答案）》由致远华工考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与华南理工大学材料力学的优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。
全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019华南理工大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。
《2019华南理工大学考研801材料力学复习全析（含历年真题）》全书编排结合了华工801材料力学考研参考书目（任选一）：《材料力学》刘鸿文等编,高等教育出版社结合提供的往年华工考研真题内容，帮助报考华南理工大学考研的同学通过华工教材章节框架分解、配套的课后习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答，帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。
通过研读演练本书，达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。
同时，透过测试演练，以便查缺补漏，为初试高分奠定坚实基础。
适用院系：机械与汽车工程学院：机械工程、机械工程（专硕）、车辆工程（专硕）土木与交通学院：力学、船舶与海洋工程、船舶与海洋工程（专硕）材料科学与工程学院：生物医学工程、生物医学工程（专硕）医学院：生物医学工程适用科目：801材料力学内容详情本书包括以下几个部分内容：Part 1 - 考试重难点：通过总结和梳理华工教材《材料力学》刘鸿文章节复习和考试的重难点，建构教材宏观思维及核心知识框架，浓缩精华内容，令考生对各章节内容考察情况一目了然，从而明确复习方向，提高复习效率。
Part 2 - 教材课后习题与解答针对教材《材料力学》刘鸿文课后习题配备详细解读，以供考生加深对教材基本知识点的理解掌握，做到对华工考研核心考点及参考书目内在重难点内容的深度领会与运用。
Part 3 - 名校考研真题详解汇编：根据教材内容和考试重难点，精选本专业课考试科目相关的名校考研真题，通过研读参考配套详细答案检测自身水平，加深知识点的理解深度，并更好地掌握考试基本规律，全面了解考试题型及难度。
华南理工大学《814船舶静力学》考研专业课真题试卷
四、计算题（50 分） 1.（5 分）已知某游艇的排水体积 =30 m3，长宽比 L/B=5，宽度吃水比 B/d=2.8，方 形系数 CB=0.53。试求该游艇的主尺度 L，B 和 d。 2.（13 分）某海船船长 L=110 m，首吃水 dF=4.6 m，尾吃水 dA=5.1 m，每厘米吃水吨 数 TPC=97 t/cm，每厘米纵倾力矩 MTC=102 tm/cm，漂心纵坐标 xF=-3.8 m。今在船 上装载 100t 的货物，问装在何处可使船平浮？
第
1 页
3.（7 分）某海船水线间距为 0.5m，各水线对应的水线面积为： 0 1 2 3 水线 WL
4
42 151 194 242 242 水线面积 AW(m2) 求吃水为 2.0 m 时的排水体积，浮心垂向坐标 KB，垂向掕形系数 CVP 及每厘米吃水 吨数 TPC. 4. (12 分)已知某驳船的船长 L=50 m，吃水 d=3 m，排水体积=735 m3，重心垂向坐 标 KG=2.81m，浮心垂向坐标 KB 可按下式估算： KB
二、简答题（42 分） 1. 提高数值积分的方法有哪些？ 2. 何谓邦戎曲线？它有什么用途？ 3. 衡量船舶初稳性好坏的主要指标是什么？如何应用它判断船舶的稳定性？为什么 船通常是横向倾覆而不是纵向倾覆？ 4. 船舶进水舱可分为哪几类？各有什么特点？μ=0.85 表示什么意思？ 5. 船舶在纵向重力下水方式过程中，船尾上浮是船舶下水过程中必然发生的现象； 该现象出现在下水过程中的哪个阶段？可能出现哪些不利影响？可采取什么措施 消除不利的影响？ 6. 静稳性曲线有哪些特征？ 三、问答题（34 分） 1. 什么是船舶静水力曲线？它包括哪几种性质的曲线？静水力曲线有什么用途？ 2. 船舶因重量移动产生了一个初始横倾角Φ0 ，现在船再受到一阵风作用，问阵风 自出水舷吹来危险？还是自入水舷吹来危险？请作图说明原因。
华南理工大学2018结构力学研究生试题和解答
k
12i l2
3
36i l2
，
k m
36EI ； ml 3
（2）
1
1
2
1
1 1
2
2
（3） F
k ，
F k
Fl 3 36EI
Fl 2 36i
， Mst,max
Mst,max
6i l
Fl 2 36i
Fl 6
M d,max
M st,max
2Fl （发生在每根立柱的两端）。 3
(4) 三柱动力弯矩图相同。其中一柱的动力弯矩图如图（c）所示。
16
33
注：括号内的数值为总分配弯矩
（2）作图。最终弯矩图如图（b）所示。
七、结构如图（ａ）所示。不记轴向变形，求引入结构支撑条件后的总刚矩阵，荷载总向
量以及结点位移向量。已知各单元 EI 为相同常数。（２０分）
qa
q
1 ①1 a/2 a/2
②3
③4
a
3
a
(a)
qa2 / 8 qa2 / 12
qa2 / 12
，如图（ａ）中虚线所示，FS',B右
的范围为主梁的长度。]
（2）
作次梁受载时的主梁影响线 FB右
可通过修改
F' S,B右
得
到。具体做法是：首先把 B右 截面所在跨的跨端影响量直线相连；然后补齐比主梁长的那一
段的影响线，如图（c）中的细实线所示。]
三、求图（a）所示结构的约束反力和弯矩图。
MD 0, FN,FG F ， M A 0, FN,a F
FD 0 D FN,AD
F/2 E
F FN,FG F (c)
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2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题820_高分子化学与物理
820华南理工大学2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：高分子化学与物理适用专业：高分子化学与物理；材料科学与工程；材料工程(专硕)共页高分子化学部分一、单项选择题（共15题。
每题1分，共15分）1、以下已商品化的聚合物中，采用阳离子聚合机理合成的是（）。
A、ABSB、乳聚丁苯橡胶C、高抗冲聚苯乙烯D、丁基橡胶2、以下聚合物中，由配位聚合制得、且不涉及立体异构的是（）。
A、低密度聚乙烯B、高密度聚乙烯C、溶聚丁苯橡胶D、全同聚丙烯3、下列单体进行自由基聚合反应时，最难获得高分子链均聚物的单体是（）。
A、四氟乙烯B、苯乙烯C、马来酸酐D、丙烯酸甲酯4、无定形态聚合物与小分子的化学反应中，控制反应速率的主要因素是（）。
A、小分子在聚合物中的扩散速率B、小分子中官能团的反应活性C、聚合物中官能团的反应活性D、反应温度5、应用活性阴离子聚合制备苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯的三嵌段共聚物，正确的加料顺序是（）。
A、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯B、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯C、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯D、苯乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯6、某聚合体系的配方为：苯乙烯 50 g，水 250 g，过氧化苯甲酰 0.3 g，聚乙烯醇2g，碳酸钙 3g。
以下关于该聚合体系的描述，正确的是（）。
A、该体系进行的是溶液聚合，PVA和碳酸钙起聚合活性剂作用B、该体系进行的是乳液聚合，PVA和碳酸钙起乳化作用C、该体系进行的是悬浮聚合，PVA和碳酸钙起分散作用D、该体系进行的是悬浮聚合，PVA和碳酸钙起乳化作用7、下列聚合物属于杂链聚合物的是（）。
A、聚丙烯B、聚硅氧烷C、聚苯乙烯D、天然橡胶8、外加酸催化聚酯化反应的平均聚合度（X n）与时间（t）的关系为（）。
A、X n与t 成线性关系B、X n与t1/2 成线性关系C、X n与t2 成线性关系D、(X n)2 与t成线性关系9、下列单体可以发生自由基聚合反应的是（）。
2018年华南理工大学研究生入学考试专业课真题870_英语语言文学综合
870华南理工大学2018 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷（试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回）科目名称：英语语言文学综合适用专业：外国语言文学共 6 页Part OneFundamentals of Linguistics and Literature (外国语言学及应用语言学和英语语言文学考生共答部分)I.Define the following terms in your own words（20 points）1.Turn-taking2.Validity3.Modernism4.IronyII．Answer the following questions（40 points）1.The Australian linguist Halliday considers language as having three main functions.Please specify these three functions.2.What are homophones? Please give two pairs of examples.3.What is narration? Can you support your answer with examples?4.What is stream of consciousness? Please explain it with an example from a literarytext you’ve read.Part TwoTest for Students of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics(外国语言学及应用语言学考生必答部分)I．Discuss and comment on the following topics（40 points）petence and performance2.Error and mistake3.The relationship between pragmatics and semantics4.In Hymes’ view, learning language is learning to perform certain functions.II．Analyze the language data according to the requirements（50 points）1.Read the following two passages, and analyze the varieties of language use and thedifferent perspectives on language in an essay of about 250 words. Please back up your idea with the related linguistic theories. (25 points)Passage A：A living language is continually changing, even in a small community. Usually, linguistic changes take place so slowly that it is only by looking back over at least several decades that one can detect changes. The most obvious changes in the language of a large, sophisticated community occur in the field of vocabulary, for in such a community new words are constantly being created and old words discarded.(D. Ward, The Russian Language Today)Passage B：Hampshire: Am I right in thinking − you must correct me if I’m wrong − that your studies of language have led you to the conclusion that there are certain …common … underlying structures common to all languages which constitute something like a universal grammar?Chomsky: Yes. It seems to me that the evidence available to us suggests that there must be some very deep … inborn principles, probably of a highly restrictive nature that determine how knowledge of a language emerges in an individual given the very scattered and degenerate data available to him.Hampshire: Your evidence is derived really from learning, the study of learning language?Chomsky: It seems to me that if you want to study learning in a serious way, what one really has to do is to study a sort of input-output situation. We have an organism of which we know nothing; we know what kind of data is available to it; we can discover that; and the first question we must then try to answer is: what kind of a mental structure does the organism develop when that evidence is presented to it?2.Read and compare the following two passages, and analyze the linguistic structuresand styles in an essay of about 250 words. (25 points)Passage C：We, the peoples of the U. N., determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold suffering to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the humanperson, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.（The Charter of the United Nations）Passage D：He stepped into the stream. It was a shock. His trousers clung tight to his legs. His shoes felt the gravel. The water was a rising cold shock.…His mouth dry, his heart down, Nick reeled in. He had never seen so big a trout. There was a heaviness, a power not to be held, and then the bulk of him, as he jumped. He looked as broad as a salmon.Nick’s hand was shaky. He reeled in slowly. The thrill had been too much. He felt, vaguely, a little sick, as though it would be better to sit down.(Ernest Hemingway, Big Two-Hearted River)Part ThreeTest for Students of English Language and Literature(英语语言文学考生必答部分)I．Discuss and comment on the following topics（40 points）ment on Hemingway (Code) Heroes.ment on Oedipal Complex in literature.ment on the importance of interior monologue in any literary text written by afemale writer.ment on realism and its significance in literary history.II．Analysis and appreciation（50 points）1.Analyze the following passage from Moby Dick (1851), written by Herman Melville (1819-1891), in an essay of no less than 250 words. (25 points)Now, when I say that I am in the habit of going to sea whenever I begin to grow hazy about the eyes, and begin to be over conscious of my lungs, I do not mean to have it inferred that I ever go to sea as a passenger. For to go as a passenger you must need to have a purse, and a purse is but a rag unless you have something in it. Besides, passengers get sea-sick- grow quarrelsome- don't sleep of nights- do not enjoy themselves much, as a general thing;- no, I never go as a passenger; nor, though I am something of a salt, do I ever go to sea as a Commodore, or a Captain, or a Cook. I abandon the glory and distinction of such offices to those who like them. For my part, I abominate all honorable respectable toils, trials, and tribulations of every kind whatsoever. It is quite as much as I can do to take care of myself, without taking care of ships, barques, brigs, schooners, and what not. And as for going as cook,- though I confess there is considerable glory in that, a cook being a sort of officer on ship-board- yet, somehow, I never fancied broiling fowls;- though once broiled, judiciously buttered, and judgmatically salted and peppered, there is no one who will speak more respectfully, not to say reverentially, of a broiled fowl than I will. It is out of the idolatrous dotings of the old Egyptians upon broiled ibis and roasted river horse, that you see the mummies of those creatures in their huge bake-houses the pyramids.No, when I go to sea, I go as a simple sailor, right before the mast, plumb down into the fore-castle, aloft there to the royal mast-head. True, they rather order me about some, and make me jump from spar to spar, like a grasshopper in a May meadow. And at first, this sort of thing is unpleasant enough. It touches one's sense of honor, particularly if you come of an old established family in the land, the Van Rensselaers, or Randolphs, or Hardicanutes. And more than all, if just previous to putting your hand into the tar-pot, you have been lording it as a country schoolmaster, making the tallest boys stand in awe of you. The transition is a keen one, I assure you, from a schoolmaster to a sailor, and requires a strong decoction of Seneca and the Stoics to enable you to grin and bear it. But even this wears off in time.What of it, if some old hunks of a sea-captain orders me to get a broom and sweep down the decks? What does that indignity amount to, weighed, I mean, in the scales of the New Testament? Do you think the archangel Gabriel thinks anything the less of me, because I promptly and respectfully obey that old hunks in that particular instance? Who ain't a slave? Tell me that. Well, then, however the old sea-captains may order me about- however they may thump and punch me about, I have the satisfaction ofknowing that it is all right; that everybody else is one way or other served in much the same way- either in a physical or metaphysical point of view, that is; and so the universal thump is passed round, and all hands should rub each other's shoulder-blades, and be content.Again, I always go to sea as a sailor, because they make a point of paying me for my trouble, whereas they never pay passengers a single penny that I ever heard of. On the contrary, passengers themselves must pay. And there is all the difference in the world between paying and being paid. The act of paying is perhaps the most uncomfortable infliction that the two orchard thieves entailed upon us. But being paid, - what will compare with it? The urbane activity with which a man receives money is really marvelous, considering that we so earnestly believe money to be the root of all earthly ills, and that on no account can a monied man enter heaven. Ah! how cheerfully we consign ourselves to perdition!Finally, I always go to sea as a sailor, because of the wholesome exercise and pure air of the fore-castle deck. For as in this world, head winds are far more prevalent than winds from astern (that is, if you never violate the Pythagorean maxim), so for the most part the Commodore on the quarter-deck gets his atmosphere at second hand from the sailors on the forecastle. He thinks he breathes it first; but not so. In much the same way do the commonalty lead their leaders in many other things, at the same time that the leaders little suspect it. But wherefore it was that after having repeatedly smelt the sea as a merchant sailor, I should now take it into my head to go on a whaling voyage; this the invisible police officer of the Fates, who has the constant surveillance of me, and secretly dogs me, and influences me in some unaccountable way- he can better answer than anyone else. And, doubtless, my going on this whaling voyage, formed part of the grand programme of Providence that was drawn up a long time ago. It came in as a sort of brief interlude and solo between more extensive performances. I take it that this part of the bill must have run something like this:"Grand Contested Election for the Presidency of the United States."WHALING VOYAGE BY ONE ISHMAEL.""BLOODY BATTLE IN AFFGHANISTAN."Though I cannot tell why it was exactly that those stage managers, the Fates, put me down for this shabby part of a whaling voyage, when others were set down for magnificent parts in high tragedies, and short and easy parts in genteel comedies, and jolly parts in farces- though I cannot tell why this was exactly; yet, now that I recall all the circumstances, I think I can see a little into the springs and motives which being cunningly presented to me under various disguises, induced me to set about performing the part I did, besides cajoling me into the delusion that it was a choice resulting from my own unbiased freewill and discriminating judgment.Chief among these motives was the overwhelming idea of the great whale himself. Such a portentous and mysterious monster roused all my curiosity. Then the wild and distant seas where he rolled his island bulk; the undeliverable, nameless perils of the whale; these, with all the attending marvels of a thousand Patagonian sights and sounds, helped to sway me to my wish. With other men, perhaps, such things would not have been inducements; but as for me, I am tormented with an everlasting itch for things remote. I love to sail forbidden seas, and land on barbarous coasts. Not ignoring what is good, I am quick to perceive a horror, and could still be social with it- would they let me- since it is but well to be on friendly terms with all the inmates of the place one lodges in.By reason of these things, then, the whaling voyage was welcome; the great flood-gates of the wonder-world swung open, and in the wild conceits that swayed me to my purpose, two and two there floated into my inmost soul, endless processions of the whale, and, mid most of them all, one grand hooded phantom, like a snow hill in the air.2.Read the following Sonnet by William Shakespeare (1564-1616), and write an analytical essay in about 250 words. (25 points)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd:But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shadeWhen in eternal lines to time thou growest:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to thee.。