2018年高考全国1卷word版(含答案)
2018年高考真题英语全国一卷Word版含答案完整版.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (新课标Ⅰ卷) 英 语 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分) 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration Tour This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms —disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experienceWashington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21.Whichtour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals D. Safety lights B Good Morning Britain ’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food , she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11. "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. " The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transform s the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2?plex.B. Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A.About 6 800B.About 3 400C.About 2.400D.About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年高考全国统一考试-语文新课标1卷(word-高清晰版--+参考答案)

2018年高考全国统一考试-语文新课标1卷(word-高清晰版--+参考答案)3、根据原文内容,下列说法正确的一项是(3分)A、对经典进行文本校勘和文献编篡与进一阐发之间,在历史上是互相隔膜的。
B、面对中西思想的交融与互动,“新子学”应该同时致力于中国和世界文化的建构。
C、“照着讲”内含“接着讲”,虽然能发扬以往的思想,但无助于促进新思想生成。
D、“新子学”要参与世界文化的发展,就有必要从“照着讲”逐渐过渡到“接着讲”。
(二)文学类文本阅读,(本题共3小题,15分)阅读下面的文字,完成4~6题。
赵一曼女士阿成伪满时期的哈尔滨市立医院,如今仍是医院。
后来得知赵一曼女士曾在这里住过院,我便翻阅了她的一些资料。
赵一曼女士,是一个略显瘦秀且成熟的女性,在她身上弥漫拔俗的文人气质和职业军人的冷峻。
在任何地方,你都能看出她有别于他人的风度。
赵一曼女士率领的抗联活动在小兴安岭的崇山峻岭中,那儿能够听到来自坡镇的钟声,冬夜里,钟声会传得很远很远。
钟声里,抗联的兵士在森林里烤火,烤野味儿,或者唱着“火烤胸前暖,风吹背后寒……战士们哟”……这些都给躺在病床上的赵一曼女士留下清晰回忆。
赵一曼女士单独一间病房,由警察昼夜看守。
白色的小柜上有一个玻璃花瓶,里面插着丁香花,赵一曼女士喜欢丁香花。
这束丁香花,是女护士韩勇义折来摆放在那里的。
听说,丁香花现在已经成为这座城市的“市花”了。
她是在山区中了日军的子弹后被捕的。
滨江省警务厅的大野泰治对赵一曼女士进行了严刑拷问,始终没有得到有价值的回答,他觉得很没面子。
大野泰治在向上司呈送的审讯报告上写道:赵一曼是中国共产党珠河县委委员,在该党工作上有与赵尚志同等的权力。
她是北满共产党的重要干部,通过对此人的严厉审讯,有可能澄清中共与苏联的关系。
1936年初,赵一曼女士以假名“王氏”被送到医院监禁治疗。
《滨江省警务厅关于赵一曼的情况》扼要地介绍了赵一曼女士从市立医院逃走和被害的情况。
赵一曼女士是在6月28日逃走的,夜里,看守董宪勋在他叔叔的协助下,将赵一曼抬出医院的后门。
2018年高考真题文科综合(全国卷Ⅰ)Word版含解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科综合能力测试(地理部分)第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本题共11小题,每小题4分,共44分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
近年来,世界上出现了将精密机械设备的组装或加工工厂建在地下的现象。
例如,日本岐阜某激光加工机组装企业和我国大连某数控机床加工企业,都将工厂建于地面10米以下。
据此完成下面小题。
1. 将生产精密机械设备的工厂建在地下有利于( )①保持恒温环境②储存原材料和产品③降低生产成本④减小地面震动影响A. ①③B. ②③C. ①④D. ②④2. 与岐阜相比,大连地下工厂的设计与施工较少考虑的问题是( )A. 防渗水B. 防噪声C. 防坍塌D. 防地震3. 推断上述企业将工厂建在地下的直接目的是( )A. 增强保密程度B. 保证产品品质C. 满足战备需要D. 集约利用土地【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】1. 精密机械设备的生产属于技术指向型工业,且对精密度要求较高。
在高端机床设备生产过程中,细微的变形可能就会造成构件和设备不匹配,影响设备的精度。
厂房设在地下就是以节能环保的方式恒温恒湿,确保设备的精密制造。
除此之外,将工厂建于地面10米以下,周边路上重型卡车经过也不会造成颤动,更好地保证了车间的稳定性,保障了设备的精度,①④正确;建地下工厂会使生产成本上升,③错误;储存原材料和产品不是主要目的,②错误。
故选C。
2. 日本地处亚欧板块和太平洋板块的交界处,地壳活跃,多地震,而大连地处亚欧板块内部,地壳稳定,因此与日本岐阜相比,大连地下工厂的设计与施工较少考虑的问题是防地震,D正确;其它选项均为两地都要考虑的问题,ABC均错误。
故选D。
3. 据第1题的分析可知,精密机械设备将工厂建在地下主要是确保设备的精密制造,保障设备的精度,因此可推断其直接目的是保证产品品质。
故选B。
【点睛】首先要注意题干关键词“精密机械设备”和“建在地下”,考生要清楚精密机械设备生产属于技术指向型工业,对精密度要求高,而建在地面10米以下受气温变化影响小,距离地面远,可减轻地面震动的影响。
2018年高考试题真题——语文(新课标全国卷Ⅰ(1)) Word版含详细答案解析

2018年高考试题真题——语文(新课标全国卷Ⅰ(1)) Word版含详细答案解析2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题注意事项:1.请考生在答题卡上填写姓名和座位号。
2.选择题请用铅笔将正确答案涂黑,如需更改,请先用橡皮擦干净。
3.非选择题请在答题卡上作答,不要在试卷上作答。
4.考试结束后,请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
诸子之学起源于先秦时期,当时涌现出一批富有创见的思想家,形成了思想史上的奇观。
狭义上,诸子之学仅限于先秦时代;广义上,诸子之学则贯穿于中国思想发展的整个历程,至今仍未结束。
诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性、思想的创造性和突破性。
新子学作为现代诸子之学,也应该具备这些品格。
这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。
一般而言,“照着讲”主要是从历史角度对经典作品进行实证性研究,如训诂、校勘、文献编纂等。
这方面的研究不仅需要回顾、反思历史上的思想家所说的内容,还需要总结其中具有创造性和生命力的内容,为当今的思考提供重要的思想资源。
与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”,从思想的发展和诸子之学的关系来看,“接着讲”接近于诸子之学所具有的思想突破性。
它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统,以中西思想互动为背景,“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。
在中西思想相遇的背景下,“接着讲”同时展开为中西思想的交融,从更深层次看,这种交融具体展现为世界文化的建构和发展过程。
中国思想传统和西方思想传统都是世界文化的重要资源,世界文化的发展以这两者的互动为前提。
这种意义上的“新子学”同时表现为世界文化发展过程中的创造性思想系统。
相对于传统的诸子之学,“新子学”获得了新的内涵和新的形态。
___女士是一位瘦秀成熟的女性,身上散发着文人气质和军人风度。
她率领的抗联活动在小兴安岭的崇山峻岭中进行,那里的钟声传得很远,给她留下了清晰的回忆。
2018年高考全国Ⅰ卷历史试题Word版答案解析

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试历史试题(Ⅰ卷)24.《墨子》中有关于“圆”“直线”“正方形”“倍”的定义,对杠杆原理、声音传播、小孔成像等也有论述,还有机械制造方面的记载。
这反映出,《墨子》A.汇集了诸子百家的思想精华B.形成了完整的科学体系C.包含了劳动人民智慧的结晶D.体现了贵族阶层的旨趣【答案】C解析:材料中《墨子》记载的一些内容都是劳动人民生产生活经验的总结,C正确。
这些内容并非诸子百家的思想,A错误。
并不能体现完整科学体系已经形成,B错误。
墨家思想代表的是底层普通民众的利益,D项错误。
25.据学者研究,唐朝“安史之乱”后百余年间的藩镇基本情况如表2所示。
由此可知,这一时期的藩镇A.控制了朝廷财政收入B.彼此之间攻伐不已C.注重维护中央的权威D.延续了唐朝的统治【答案】D解析:根据表格内容可以看出,“安史之乱”之后的藩镇,拥兵自重不上供的只占少数(约1/5),大部分都是由朝廷任命、上供或者少供,由朝廷驻重兵(区别于“拥重兵”),功能主要是“防骄藩”(防范骄纵的藩镇)。
结合材料“安史之乱”后唐朝延续“百余年”的信息可以判断出,D选项正确。
A、B根据材料都无法得出。
C 选项片面解读了材料,这一时期的“藩镇”设置吸取了“安史之乱”的教训,对其权力进行了限制,但“藩镇”对中央集权的消极影响依旧存在,只是比之前有所降低而已。
26、北宋前中期,在今四川井研县一带山谷中,密布着成百上千个采用新制盐技术的竹简井,井主所雇工匠大多来自“他州别县”,以“佣身赁力”为生,受雇期间,若对工作条件成待遇不满意,辄另谋高就。
这反映出当时A.民营手工业得到发展B.手工业者社会地位高C.雇佣劳动已经普及D.盐业专卖制度解体【答案】A解析:根据材料中“井主所雇工匠”等信息可以判断,这些竹简井属于民营手工业,数量成百上千,因此A正确。
材料无法体现手工业者社会地位是否高,B错误。
雇佣劳动是否已经“普及”无法判断,C错误。
2018年高考全国统一考试 语文新课标1卷(word 高清晰版 +参考答案)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文新课标1卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读。
(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
诸子之学,兴起于先秦,当时一大批富有创见的思想家喷涌而出,蔚为思想史之奇观,在狭义上,诸子之学与先秦时代相联系;在广义上,诸子之学则不限于先秦而绵延于此后中国思想发展的整个过程,这一过程至今仍没有终结。
诸子之学的内在品格是历史的承继性以及思想的创造性和突破性。
“新子学”,即新时代的诸子之学,也应有同样的品格。
这可以从“照着讲”和“接着讲”两个方面来理解。
一般而言,“照着讲”,主要是从历史角度对以往经典作具体的实证性研究,诸如训话、校勘、文献编纂,等等。
这方面的研究涉及对以往思想的回顾、反思,即应把握历史上的思想家实际说了些什么,也应总结其中具有创造性和生命力内容,从而为今天的思想提供重要的思想资源。
与“照着讲”相关的是“接着讲”,从思想的发展与诸子之学的关联看,“接着讲”接近诸子之学所具有的思想突破性的内在品格,它意味着延续诸子注重思想创造的传统,以近代以来中西思想的互动为背景,“接着讲”无法回避中西思想之间的关系。
在中西之学已相遇的背景下,“接着讲”同时展开为中西之学的交融,从更深的层次看,这种交融具体展开为世界文化的建构与发展过程,中国思想传统与西方的思想传统都构成了世界文化的重要资源。
而世界文化的发展,则以二者的互动为其重要前提。
这一意义上的“新子学”,同时表现为世界文化发展过程中创造性的思想系统。
相对于传统的诸子之学,“新子学”无疑获得了新的内涵与新的形态。
“照着讲”与“接着讲”二者无法分离。
2018年高考真题——理综物理(全国卷Ⅰ)-Word版含解析

一、选择题:1. 高铁列车在启动阶段的运动可看作初速度为零的均加速直线运动,在启动阶段列车的动能()A. 与它所经历的时间成正比B. 与它的位移成正比C. 与它的速度成正比D. 与它的动量成正比【答案】B2. 如图,轻弹簧的下端固定在水平桌面上,上端放有物块P,系统处于静止状态,现用一竖直向上的力F作用在P上,使其向上做匀加速直线运动,以x表示P离开静止位置的位移,在弹簧恢复原长前,下列表示F和x之间关系的图像可能正确的是()A.B.C.D.【答案】A【解析】本题考查牛顿运动定律、匀变速直线运动规律、力随位移变化的图线及其相关的知识点。
由牛顿运动定律,F-mg-F弹=ma,F弹=kx,联立解得F=mg+ma+kx,对比题给的四个图象,可能正确的是A。
#网【点睛】牛顿运动定律是高中物理主干知识,匀变速直线运动规律贯穿高中物理。
3. 如图,三个固定的带电小球a、b和c,相互间的距离分别为ab=5 cm,bc=3 cm,ca=4 cm。
小球c所受库仑力的合力的方向平衡于a、b的连线。
设小球a、b所带电荷量的比值的绝对值为k,则()A. a、b的电荷同号,B. a、b的电荷异号,C. a、b的电荷同号,D. a、b的电荷异号,【答案】D【解析】本题考查库仑定律、受力分析及其相关的知识点。
对小球c所受库仑力分析,画出a对c的库仑力和b对c的库仑力,a对c的库仑力为排斥力,ac的电荷同号,b对c的库仑力为吸引力,bc电荷为异号,所以ab的电荷为异号。
设ac与bc的夹角为θ,利用平行四边形定则和几何关系、库仑定律可得,F ac=k’,F bc=k’,tanθ=3/4,tanθ= F bc / F ac,ab电荷量的比值k=,联立解得:k=64/27,选项D正确。
【点睛】此题将库仑定律、受力分析、平行四边形定则有机融合,难度不大。
&网4. 如图,导体轨道OPQS固定,其中PQS是半圆弧,Q为半圆弧的中心,O为圆心。
(完整版)2018年高考英语试题(全国卷1)word+答案

绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —the cherry blossoms—disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.z.xxkWashington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to themonuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Whichtour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. MealsD. Safety lightsBGood Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role —showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11."We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. "The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning.D. She has had a light budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters.D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.z.x.xkAlready well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderlyspeakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains"dominant " underlined in paragraph 2?plex.B. Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?A.About 6 800B.About 3 400C.About 2.400D.About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," saidone researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution(解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.设1i2i 1iz -=++,则||z = A .0B .12C .1D .22.已知集合{}220A x x x =-->,则A =RA .{}12x x -<< B .{}12x x -≤≤ C .}{}{|1|2x x x x <->D .}{}{|1|2x x x x ≤-≥3.某地区经过一年的新农村建设,农村的经济收入增加了一倍,实现翻番,为更好地了解该地区农村的经济收入变化情况,统计了该地区新农村建设前后农村的经济收入构成比例,得到如下饼图:建设前经济收入构成比例 建设后经济收入构成比例则下面结论中不正确的是A .新农村建设后,种植收入减少B .新农村建设后,其他收入增加了一倍以上C .新农村建设后,养殖收入增加了一倍D .新农村建设后,养殖收入与第三产业收入的总和超过了经济收入的一半 4.设n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和,若3243S S S =+,12a =,则=5a A .12- B .10-C .10D .125.设函数32()(1)f x x a x ax =+-+,若()f x 为奇函数,则曲线()y f x =在点(0,0)处的切线方程为 A .2y x =-B .y x =-C .2y x =D .y x =6.在ABC △中,AD 为BC 边上的中线,E 为AD 的中点,则EB = A .3144AB AC - B .1344AB AC - C .3144AB AC + D .1344AB AC + 7.某圆柱的高为2,底面周长为16,其三视图如图.圆柱表面上的点M 在正视图上的对应点为A ,圆柱表面上的点N 在左视图上的对应点为B ,则在此圆柱侧面上,从M 到N 的路径中,最短路径的长度为 A .172 B .52C .3D .28.设抛物线C :y 2=4x 的焦点为F ,过点(–2,0)且斜率为23的直线与C 交于M ,N 两点,则FM FN ⋅= A .5B .6C .7D .89.已知函数e 0()ln 0x x f x x x ⎧≤=⎨>⎩,,,,()()g x f x x a =++.若g (x )存在2个零点,则a 的取值范围是 A .[–1,0)B .[0,+∞)C .[–1,+∞)D .[1,+∞)10.下图来自古希腊数学家希波克拉底所研究的几何图形.此图由三个半圆构成,三个半圆的直径分别为直角三角形ABC 的斜边BC ,直角边AB ,AC .△ABC 的三边所围成的区域记为I ,黑色部分记为II ,其余部分记为III .在整个图形中随机取一点,此点取自I ,II ,I II 的概率分别记为p 1,p 2,p 3,则A .p 1=p 2B .p 1=p 3C .p 2=p 3D .p 1=p 2+p 311.已知双曲线C :2213x y -=,O 为坐标原点,F 为C 的右焦点,过F的直线与C 的两条渐近线的交点分别为M 、N .若△OMN 为直角三角形,则|MN |=A .32B .3C .23D .412.已知正方体的棱长为1,每条棱所在直线与平面α所成的角相等,则α截此正方体所得截面面积的最大值为 A .334B .233C .324D .32二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
13.若x ,y 满足约束条件220100x y x y y --≤⎧⎪-+≥⎨⎪≤⎩,则32z x y =+的最大值为_____________.14.记n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,若21n n S a =+,则6S =_____________.15.从2位女生,4位男生中选3人参加科技比赛,且至少有1位女生入选,则不同的选法共有_______种.(用数字填写答案)16.已知函数()2sin sin2f x x x =+,则()f x 的最小值是_____________.三、解答题:共70分。
解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。
第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答。
第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。
(一)必考题:60分。
17.(12分)在平面四边形ABCD 中,90ADC ∠=,45A ∠=,2AB =,5BD =.(1)求cos ADB ∠;(2)若22DC =,求BC .18.(12分)如图,四边形ABCD 为正方形,,E F 分别为,AD BC 的中点,以DF 为折痕把DFC △折起,使点C 到达点P 的位置,且PF BF ⊥.(1)证明:平面PEF ⊥平面ABFD ; (2)求DP 与平面ABFD 所成角的正弦值.19.(12分)设椭圆22:12x C y +=的右焦点为F ,过F 的直线l 与C 交于,A B 两点,点M 的坐标为(2,0).(1)当l 与x 轴垂直时,求直线AM 的方程; (2)设O 为坐标原点,证明:OMA OMB ∠=∠.20.(12分)某工厂的某种产品成箱包装,每箱200件,每一箱产品在交付用户之前要对产品作检验,如检验出不合格品,则更换为合格品.检验时,先从这箱产品中任取20件作检验,再根据检验结果决定是否对余下的所有产品作检验,设每件产品为不合格品的概率都为)10(<<p p ,且各件产品是否为不合格品相互独立.(1)记20件产品中恰有2件不合格品的概率为)(p f ,求)(p f 的最大值点0p . (2)现对一箱产品检验了20件,结果恰有2件不合格品,以(1)中确定的0p 作为p 的值.已知每件产品的检验费用为2元,若有不合格品进入用户手中,则工厂要对每件不合格品支付25元的赔偿费用.(i )若不对该箱余下的产品作检验,这一箱产品的检验费用与赔偿费用的和记为X ,求EX ;(ii )以检验费用与赔偿费用和的期望值为决策依据,是否该对这箱余下的所有产品作检验?21.(12分)已知函数1()ln f x x a x x=-+. (1)讨论()f x 的单调性;(2)若()f x 存在两个极值点12,x x ,证明:()()12122f x f x a x x -<--.(二)选考题:共10分。
请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分。
22.[选修4–4:坐标系与参数方程](10分)在直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线1C 的方程为||2y k x =+.以坐标原点为极点,x 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线2C 的极坐标方程为22cos 30ρρθ+-=. (1)求2C 的直角坐标方程;(2)若1C 与2C 有且仅有三个公共点,求1C 的方程. 23.[选修4–5:不等式选讲](10分)已知()|1||1|f x x ax =+--.(1)当1a =时,求不等式()1f x >的解集;(2)若(0,1)x ∈时不等式()f x x >成立,求a 的取值范围.参考答案:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CBABDABDCABA13.6 14.63- 15.16 16.332-17.(12分)解:(1)在ABD △中,由正弦定理得sin sin BD ABA ADB=∠∠. 由题设知,52sin 45sin ADB=︒∠,所以2sin 5ADB ∠=. 由题设知,90ADB ∠<︒,所以223cos 1255ADB ∠=-=. (2)由题设及(1)知,2cos sin 5BDC ADB ∠=∠=. 在BCD △中,由余弦定理得2222cos BC BD DC BD DC BDC =+-⋅⋅⋅∠225825225=+-⨯⨯⨯25=.所以5BC =.18.(12分)解:(1)由已知可得,BF ⊥PF ,BF ⊥EF ,所以BF ⊥平面PEF .又BF ⊂平面ABFD ,所以平面PEF ⊥平面ABFD . (2)作PH ⊥EF ,垂足为H .由(1)得,PH ⊥平面ABFD . 以H 为坐标原点,HF 的方向为y 轴正方向,||BF 为单位长,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系H −xyz .由(1)可得,DE ⊥PE .又DP =2,DE =1,所以PE =3.又PF =1,EF =2,故PE ⊥PF .可得32PH EH ==.则33(0,0,0),(0,0,(1,,0),(1,,2222H P D DP --=(0,0,2HP =为平面ABFD 的法向量.设DP 与平面ABFD 所成角为θ,则34sin ||4||||3HPDP HP DP θ⋅===⋅.所以DP 与平面ABFD 所成角的正弦值为4.19.(12分)解:(1)由已知得(1,0)F ,l 的方程为x =1.由已知可得,点A 的坐标为(1,2或(1,2-. 所以AM的方程为2y x =-+2y x =. (2)当l 与x 轴重合时,0OMA OMB ∠=∠=︒.当l 与x 轴垂直时,OM 为AB 的垂直平分线,所以OMA OMB ∠=∠.当l 与x 轴不重合也不垂直时,设l 的方程为(1)(0)y k x k =-≠,1221(,),(,)A y x y x B ,则12x x <<MA ,MB 的斜率之和为212122MA MB x x y yk k +=+--. 由1122,y k k x y k x k =-=-得121212(23()42)(2)MA MB x x x x k k x x kk k -+++=--.将(1)y k x =-代入2212x y +=得2222(21)4220k x k x k +-+-=. 所以,21221222422,2121x x x k k k x k -+==++.则3131322244128423()4021k k k k kk k k k x x x x --++-++==+. 从而0MA MB k k +=,故MA ,MB 的倾斜角互补,所以OMA OMB ∠=∠. 综上,OMA OMB ∠=∠.20.(12分)解:(1)20件产品中恰有2件不合格品的概率为221820()C (1)f p p p =-.因此2182172172020()C [2(1)18(1)]2C (1)(110)f p p p p p p p p '=---=--.令()0f p '=,得0.1p =.当(0,0.1)p ∈时,()0f p '>;当(0.1,1)p ∈时,()0f p '<. 所以()f p 的最大值点为00.1p =. (2)由(1)知,0.1p =.(i )令Y 表示余下的180件产品中的不合格品件数,依题意知(180,0.1)YB ,20225X Y =⨯+,即4025X Y =+.所以(4025)4025490EX E Y EY =+=+=.(ii )如果对余下的产品作检验,则这一箱产品所需要的检验费为400元. 由于400EX >,故应该对余下的产品作检验. 21.(12分)解:(1)()f x 的定义域为(0,)+∞,22211()1a x ax f x x x x-+'=--+=-. (i )若2a ≤,则()0f x '≤,当且仅当2a =,1x =时()0f x '=,所以()f x 在(0,)+∞单调递减.(ii )若2a >,令()0f x '=得,x =或x =.当2()2a a x +∈+∞时,()0f x '<;当x ∈时,()0f x '>.所以()f x在)+∞单调递减,在单调递增.(2)由(1)知,()f x 存在两个极值点当且仅当2a >.由于()f x 的两个极值点12,x x 满足210x ax -+=,所以121x x =,不妨设12x x <,则21x >.由于12121221212121222()()ln ln ln ln 2ln 11221f x f x x x x x x a a a x x x x x x x x x x ----=--+=-+=-+----,所以1212()()2f x f x a x x -<--等价于22212ln 0x x x -+<.设函数1()2ln g x x x x=-+,由(1)知,()g x 在(0,)+∞单调递减,又(1)0g =,从而当(1,)x ∈+∞时,()0g x <.所以22212ln 0x x x -+<,即1212()()2f x f x a x x -<--. 22.[选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程](10分)【解析】(1)由cos x ρθ=,sin y ρθ=得2C 的直角坐标方程为22(1)4x y ++=.(2)由(1)知2C 是圆心为(1,0)A -,半径为2的圆.由题设知,1C 是过点(0,2)B 且关于y 轴对称的两条射线.记y 轴右边的射线为1l ,y 轴左边的射线为2l .由于B 在圆2C 的外面,故1C 与2C 有且仅有三个公共点等价于1l 与2C 只有一个公共点且2l 与2C 有两个公共点,或2l 与2C 只有一个公共点且1l 与2C 有两个公共点.学#科网当1l 与2C 只有一个公共点时,A 到1l 所在直线的距离为22=,故43k =-或0k =.经检验,当0k =时,1l 与2C 没有公共点;当43k =-时,1l 与2C 只有一个公共点,2l 与2C 有两个公共点.当2l 与2C 只有一个公共点时,A 到2l 所在直线的距离为2,所以2=,故0k =或43k =. 经检验,当0k =时,1l 与2C 没有公共点;当43k =时,2l 与2C 没有公共点. 综上,所求1C 的方程为4||23y x =-+. 23.[选修4-5:不等式选讲](10分)【解析】(1)当1a =时,()|1||1|f x x x =+--,即2,1,()2,11,2, 1.x f x x x x -≤-⎧⎪=-<<⎨⎪≥⎩故不等式()1f x >的解集为1{|}2x x >.(2)当(0,1)x ∈时|1||1|x ax x +-->成立等价于当(0,1)x ∈时|1|1ax -<成立. 若0a ≤,则当(0,1)x ∈时|1|1ax -≥; 若0a >,|1|1ax -<的解集为20x a <<,所以21a≥,故02a <≤. 综上,a 的取值范围为(0,2].-- 精品文档考试教学资料施工组织设计方案精品文档考试教学资料施工组织设计方案精品文档考试教学资料施工组织设计方案。