高三每日一练(七)含详细答案
2024届高三语文每日专练课时作业7(含答案)
2024届高三语文每日专练课时作业（第7练）【基础训练】一、语言文字运用阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
今天，人才的作用比历史上任何时候都更为突出。
现实中，一名领军人物可以引领一个新产业，增强经济创新能力和竞争力；一名优秀领导干部可以带领一个地区改变面貌，开创、奋楫争先的新局面。
前不久，中共中央政治局召开会议，审议“关于适应新时代要求大力发现培养选拔优秀年轻干部的意见”，把发现、培养、选拔优秀年轻干部定位为“关系党的事业后继有人和国家的重大战略任务”。
的判断，促使我们进一步审视优秀年轻人才的价值意义。
也许有人担心，嫩竹做不了扁担，嫩肩挑不起重担。
在抗日战争最艰苦的岁月，陈毅提出了壮大新四军的“人、枪、款”战略思想，把培养干部摆在武器、筹款之前。
他坚决支持谭震林提出的尽快培养出100名连长、100名指导员的主张，使一批年轻干部走上连长、指导员岗位，极大地提高了新四军的战斗力，从而有效解决了基层指挥骨干严重缺乏不足的问题。
历史上，青年才俊担大任、成大业者：马克思29岁、恩格斯27岁写作《共产党宣言》，毛泽东25岁主办《湘江评论》，周恩来29岁领导南昌起义……事实证明，只要有实践机会、干事舞台、良好环境，年轻人照样能担当重任、取得成绩。
1．依次填入文中横线上的成语，全都恰当的一项是（）（3分）A．百舸争流长治久安高瞻远瞩不胜枚举B．百废待兴政通人和深谋远虑不可胜数C．百舸争流长治久安深谋远虑不可胜数D．百废待兴政通人和高瞻远瞩不胜枚举2．下列句子中，标点符号使用不正确的一项是（）（3分）A．也许有人担心，嫩竹做不了扁担，嫩肩挑不起重担。
B．前不久，中共中央政治局召开会议，审议“关于适应新时代要求大力发现培养选拔优秀年轻干部的意见”C．马克思29岁、恩格斯27岁写作《共产党宣言》，毛泽东25岁主办《湘江评论》，周恩来29岁领导南昌起义……D．事实证明，只要有实践机会、干事舞台、良好环境，年轻人照样能担当重任、取得成绩。
高考语文知识点每日一记及情景式默写每日一练(含答案)
江梦南，清华大学生命科学学院博士研究生。
半岁时因药物导致失聪，在父母帮助下，江梦南通过读唇语学会了“听”和“说”。
凭借顽强毅力和不懈努力，她考入吉林大学，顺利完成本科和硕士研究生学业，并如愿被清华大学录取。
后来，江梦南做了人工耳蜗植入手术，怀着“解决生命健康难题”的学术志向笃定前行。
江梦南入选“感动中国2021年度人物”。
课前测《静女》默写1.《诗经·邶风·静女》中“________________，_______________”两句，以男子之口，说有一位娴静美丽的姑娘，约他到城角楼上来见面。
2.《诗经·邶风·静女》语言浅显生动，情趣盎然。
“________________ ”暗写少女活泼娇憨之态，“________________ ”明塑男子心急如焚之状，描摹入神。
3.《诗经·邶风·静女》中“________________，_______________ ”两句写娴静美好的女子送“我”红色的管状物（或：初生时呈红色的管状的草）4. 《诗经·邶风·静女》中写静女赠送的彤管很漂亮，运用双关语来赞美姑娘美丽的句子是“________________，_______________”。
5.《诗经·邶风·静女》中“________________，_______________ ”两句写娴静美好的女子从远郊归来赠送“我”初生的茅草，确实美好而且与众不同。
6. 《诗经·邶风·静女》中“________________，_______________ ”两句是对恋人赠物的“爱屋及乌”式的反应，表达对女子的喜爱，别具真率纯朴之美。
每日一背及课前测二每日一背小说线索作用1.寻找线索“五看”：①看标题：是否有“物”或者“情”；②看人称：有无第一人称“我”；③看反复：有无反复出现的“物”或者其他词语；④看变换:看有无时间、空间、地点的变换。
高三模拟预测语文试题练习七及答案解析
酿酒是一门技术，更是一门艺术。
原料的筛选非常严格，不论是小麦、高粱抑或其他，必须粒粒饱满。
酿造时要加水，水量不能多也不能少；也要加热，温度不能高也不能低。
为了让酒更加香醇，其间还需添加酒曲，不可多一分也不可减一毫。
然后将其封存起来，交给时间去酝酿，任其慢慢地发酵、沉淀。
这样酿出来的酒仍有些浑浊，需要进行过滤或蒸馏，使其变得纯粹清澈，成为芬芳甘冽的美酒。
以上说的是酿酒，却能在更广泛的领域给人以启示。
请结合材料并联系现实，写一篇文章，体现你的思考。
要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
【写作提示】本题为任务驱动型材料作文。
材料由六句话组成。
第一句点明酿酒是“技术”更是“艺术”，“艺术”一词暗示考生在审读材料上不能就事论事，而应以艺术的眼光看待酿酒。
第二句说对原料的筛选非常严格，这是酿成美酒的前提与基础。
第三、四句交代对酿酒时加水、加热、加曲的要求，同样十分严格，必须恰到好处，可见欲酿美酒还必须恰当借助外部条件。
第五句写酝酿环节，需要经历很长时间的发酵、沉淀，说明酿成好酒需要假以时日，久久为功。
第六句写过滤或蒸馏，这是酿酒的最后一个环节，也是对之前所有环节的完善与升华，从而最终获得“芬芳甘冽的美酒”。
材料从选材到加水、加热、加曲，再到封闭酝酿，最后过滤蒸馏，叙述了酿酒的整个过程，层次清晰，逻辑性强。
提示语由酿酒生发开去，指出它“能在更广泛的领域给人以启示”，这就提醒考生写作时要充分展开联想和想象，把思维从酿酒这一生活现象拓展、延伸到其他与之类似的领域，如读书治学、成材修身、治国理政、文化发展、文艺创作⋯⋯总之，材料只是个引子，积极联想、拓展思维、深化思考、多获启示才是关键。
同时，写作时还需“结合材料并联系现实”，不可泛泛而谈。
参考立意：①酿造人生的美酒；②酿生活美酒，过艺术人生；③强基础、善假物、慢沉淀、巧升华，迎来人生辉煌；④治学(读书、成才、修身、创作、做事等)如酿酒，功到自然成；⑤严格选材，积极借鉴，潜心沉淀，精心打磨，成就优秀作品。
2021高三英语一轮复习每日一练7 单句语法填空+阅读理解(含解析)
练习7单句语法填空＋阅读理解Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)1．The child ________ (play) over there is my brother.2．It can be cheaper to buy a new washing machine than to get your old one ________ (repair)．3．After driving all night we got to Amy's place, only ________ (discover) that she was away.4．Tom is very upset. How I regret ________ (tell) him the disappointing news!5．Life is like riding a bicycle. ________ (keep) your balance, you must keep moving.6．Children above 16 are encouraged to take part in these outdoor recreational and sports activities specially ________ (design) for them.7．More than 2 million foreign tourists are expected to visit the US by the end of the year, ________ (contribute) a lot to the US economy.8．Drivers are not the only ones ________ (blame) for the irresponsibility that accounts for many of the automobile accidents.9．Many people think any government's work should be evaluated ________ (base) on citizens' happiness level.10．Guests ________ (invite) to this international meeting are mainly scholars, politicians, and representatives of international organizations.Ⅱ.阅读理解A2020·新高考Ⅰ卷说明文320词★★☆☆☆According the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having”effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?1．What is the recent study mainly about?A．Food safety. B．Movie viewership.C．Consumer demand. D．Eating behavior.2．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons.C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.3．Why did the researchers hire the actor?A．To see how she would affect the participants.B．To test if the participants could recognize her.C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.D．To study why she could keep her weight down.4．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A．How hungry we are.B．How slim we want to be.C．How we perceive others.D．How we feel about the food.BHe recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.As the boy reflected on his previous efforts at writing, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.The words shot toward him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than his speed of typing. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed at how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.Then he heard the call of his mother, saying it was time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost thinking about a topic to write.Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”．“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.He went onto Google and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.5．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?A．A new computer. B．The prize money.C．His own interest. D．His mom's advice.6．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?A．His mom helped him. B．He copied others' ideas.C．His friends assisted him. D．He used his imagination.7．Why did the boy delay his writing?A．He was terribly lazy. B．He didn't know what to write.C．He wasn't confident. D．He read too many stories.8．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?A．100. B．250.C．500. D．1,000.黄金考点练习7单句语法填空＋阅读理解Ⅰ.单句语法填空(非谓语动词Ⅰ)1．答案与解析：playing The child与play之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作后置定语。
2021届湖南新高考高三英语二轮复习 每日一练 07
每日一练07（建议用时：60分钟）Ⅰ.完型填空By the time I finished my appointment, I was starving. I1at McDonald’s to order a hamburger to take home and eat while working.Since it was a little before noon, there was a 2. A woman, who I soon learned was Marcella, was3at the register. She asked the woman behind her in line if she would like a drink and then asked me. We both said no, and must have looked 4, because she said, “I got you.” She continued to pay for both of our meals, even though we were 5.I asked Marcella why she did this, and she shared that someone once did something similar for her. The person6that she pay it forward someday and she was making good on her 7. Before I left, she gave me a warn hug and requested me to do an act of kindness for a stranger when I could. I arrived home, but instead of working through lunch, I sat and8on her kindness.Marcella didn’t need to pay for my lunch. But what she did9my day. Not because I got to keep my $15, but because she was kind-with no10of receiving anything in return.11, Marcella allowed me to take her picture so I could share this12story. As I promised her, I planned on paying her kindness forward. Maybe I’ll make a small13in someone else’s life, and the positive effect will be 14. Because that’s what being human is all about-----being kind-----even to a stranger.Remember that kindness and love can15in the most unexpected places, even a McDonald’s.1.A.knocked B.aimed C.stopped D.glanced2.A.sight B.line C.turn D.seat3.A.paying B.confirming C.hesitating rming4.A.annoyed B.confused C.frightened D.bored5.A.citizens B.natives C.strangers D.neighbors6.A.required B.suspected C.guaranteed D.acknowledged7.A.intention B.approach C.schedule D.promise8.A.reacted B.reflected C.worked D.relied9.A.relieved B.witnessed C.influenced D.brightened10.A.proposals B.expectations ments D.assumptions11.A.Fortunately B.Frankly C.Honestly D.Hopefully12.A.satisfying B.appealing C.heartwarming D.demanding13.A.contribution B.effort C.measurement D.difference14.A.absolute B.permanent C.renewable prehensive15.A.wear off B.wipe out C.show up e aroundⅡ.阅读理解Now we are in a "golden age" of space-sample collection and exploration. Space agencies around the world are busy collecting, or planning to collect, samples from asteroids(小行星),moons and planets and so on.China's Chang'e-5 mission is the most recent sample-return mission that has been successfully completed. On Dec 17, 2020, the Chang'e-5 lunar probe(探测器)returned home and landed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region after weeks of space travel, China Daily reported. This was the world’s first lunar sample-return mission since 1976. The mission collected 1,713 grams of samples of rocks and dust with the help of a drill and a mechanical(机械的)arm.Another space sample-return mission was completed on Dec 6, 2020. Japan's Hayabusa-2 probe returned a capsule to Earth containing valuable samples from the asteroid Ryugu. This was the second time asteroid samples had ever been collected and brought back to Earth. The first asteroid samples were collected by the original Hayabusa spacecraft back in 2010.There will be more such missions in the near future. NASA's OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, which collected samples from the asteroid Bennu in October 2020, is expected to return to Earth in 2023. Russia's Lunar-25 mission is scheduled to launch to the moon in 2021 to collect lunar samples.“I cannot emphasize enough how valuable return samples are for increasing our understanding of the origin and evolution of our solar system and our place in the universe, and how we came to be," said Ann Nguyen, a NASA planetary scientistAs for the Chang'e-5 lunar samples, scientists will conduct various analyses, tests and experiments to determine the composition, structure and physical characteristics of the samples.This information will help to deepen our knowledge about the history of the moon, as well as our solar system as a whole.1.What do we know about the Chang'e-5 lunar probe?A.It was launched on Dec 17,2020.B.It completed the most successful mission.C.It collected the world's first lunar sample.D.It brought back more than 1,700 grams of lunar samples.2.What does the author focus on in paragraphs 3 and 4?A.Providing examples.B.Explaining a concept.C.Drawing comparisons.D.Making a summary.3.Why do we collect samples from space according to Ann Nguyen?A.To learn more about how the solar system originates and evolves.B.To determine the structure of the solar system.C.To deepen our knowledge about our place on Earth.D.To understand how water first appeared on the moon.4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.A "golden age" comesB.Man explores spaceC.Space samples landD.Scientists analyse samplesⅢ.七选五专题Two summers ago, I had decided to begin a weight loss journey but had no idea where to start. Two years later, I have yet again decided to start being healthy and I need some knowledge on what to do. Now, I want to share it with all of you.The most important thing that I have come to realize is that you have to see this as a lifestyle change, not just a diet that can end or fail.①_______ You will also feel less pressure if you eat a burger once in a while since you think you haven’t failed a diet and that you can always go twice as hard the next day.②_______Calories in versus calories out (热量输入对热量输出) if you put it in simple terms. If you want to lose weight, you must be eating in a way that your net gain of calories at the end of the day is negative.③_______It is better to eat healthy food with more calories than a low-cal pack of chips. Calorie counting can also become a bit unhealthy if not well controlled. So I recommend just eating well and controlling the amounts of food instead.Exercise is also vital to a healthier life. Although cardio (有氧运动) is known for its quick result, weights are also essential. The more muscle you have, the more calories you burn. Therefore, people with more muscle mass are able to burn what they eat quicker resulting in a greater calorie reduction. ④_______.Everyone has a different body and what I eat may actually be bad for your weight loss.⑤_______ It may take time to find what your body can handle and needs, but do not quit. Good luck and happy eating.A. However, calories are not everything.B. Moreover, weight loss is essentially just math.C. Diets can help you lose some weight temporarily.D. It is also just beneficial in life to be physically strong!E. If you don’t, it is likely that the weight will come back on.F. So my tip here is to eat what makes you personally feel good.G. Therefore, it is very important to calculate and control calories accuratelyⅣ.语法填空Even if all goes well for you in high school, that time of life still can be tough. After all, there's so much for you①________(learn) academically and socially, like getting along with classmates, and dealing with teachers. But of all the②________ (challenge), making good friends might be the most important.According to a new study published in the journal Child Development, best friends likely had a③________ (significance) influence on how you behave in your 20s. Researchers found that those with strong close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, ④________ (popular), defined as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasn't found to have the same benefit as close friends.The University of Virginia researchers⑤________ ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade. Then the researchers ⑥________ (analyze) the 10 years ofdata to understand how people handled stress over time. They found that, compared to people with strong high school friendships, those who were merely popular did much ⑦________ (bad) on several measures of mental health, such as self-worth, social acceptance and relaxation.“⑧________ (like) by a large group of people cannot take ⑨________place of building deep, supportive friendships. So trying to build close connections⑩________a few people should be a priority,”wrote Joseph Allen, who coauthored the study.Ⅴ.书面表达假定你是学校的外教助理李华。
高三化学下学期每日一练习题(附答案)
高三化学下学期每日一练习题学校：___________注意事项： 2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第1卷一、单选题A ．古人煮沸海水制取淡水，现代可通过向海水加入明矾实现海水淡化B ．秦始皇统一币制，规定金为上币，铜为下币，金铜均属于有色金属C ．“结草为庐”所用的秸秆，经现代科技可转化为苯乙酸、苯乙烯等芳香烃D ．我国山水画所用的炭黑与“嫦娥四号”卫星所使用的碳纤维为同素异形体 2.设A N 为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列有关说法正确的是( )A. 0.2L 31mol L ⋅－的4NH Cl 溶液与0.3L 21mol L ⋅－的4NHCl 溶液中+4NH 的数目均为0.6A N B. 标准状况下，11.2L 乙烯和环丙烷的混合气体中，共用电子对的数目为3A N C. 常温下，1L pH=13的()2Ba OH 溶液中含有的OH －数目为0.1A N D. a g 某气体所含分子数为b 个，则c g 该气体的体积为A22.4bcL a N 3.某种利用垃圾渗透液发电的装置示意图如下。
工作时,下列说法中不正确的是( )A.盐桥中-Cl 向Y 极移动B.化学能转变为电能C.电子由X 极沿导线流向Y 极D.Y 极发生的反应为--+3222NO +10e +12H N +6H O =, 周围pH 增大4.短周期主族元素m 、n 、p 、q 的原子序数依次增大，它们的最外层电子数之和为18，3- n 与2+p 具有相同的电子层结构。
下列叙述错误的是( ) A.p 单质可以在n 单质中燃烧 B.简单离子半径的大小：q > n > pC.最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性：q > n > mD.m 、n 、p 分别与q 形成的二元化合物均含有共价键 5.下列有关实验能达到相应实验目的的是( )A.实验①用于实验室制备氯气B.实验②用于制备干燥的氨气C.实验③用于石油分馏制备汽油D.实验④用于制备乙酸乙酯6.草酸(H 2C 2O 4)是一种二元弱酸,在菠菜、苋菜、甜菜等植物中含量较高。
高三三模阶段性测试七语文试题练习七及答案解析
《屈原列传》中，屈原说：“举世混浊而我独清，众人皆醉而我独醒。
”渔父却认为“夫圣人者，不凝滞于物，而能与世推移”。
中学生在学习与生活中，总会遇到形形色色的人和事，我们是应保持独清独醒呢，还是与世推移呢？请写一篇文章，谈谈你对这一问题的看法，表达你的思考和认识。
要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
【解析】本题考查学生写作的能力。
审题：这是一道引语类材料作文题。
本题材料源自《屈原列传》，意在引导中学生思考在学习与生活中如何应对复杂的人际关系和多样的社会现象。
“独清独醒”是屈原坚守自我、不随波逐流的精神写照，强调道德操守、独立人格和批判精神。
“与世推移”是渔父的观点，代表了灵活变通、顺应时代潮流的人生观。
对于中学生来说，学习与生活中充满了形形色色的人和事。
保持独清独醒，意味着在面对世界的复杂多变时，我们能够坚守自己的信念和理想，不被外界左右。
这种态度强调了人的主体性和独立性，保持清醒的头脑，坚持自己的原则。
然而，与世推移也并非全无道理。
在现实生活中，我们往往需要适应环境的变化，调整自己的行为和态度。
这种变通之道，强调的是人的灵活性和适应性，让我们能够在不断变化的环境中生存和发展。
应该如何在坚守与变通之间找到平衡呢？这需要我们根据具体情况来做出判断。
在面对原则性的问题时，我们应该坚守自己的信念和理想，不为外界所动摇；而在面对一些非原则性的问题时，我们可以根据环境的变化做出适当的调整，以适应社会的发展。
也就是说，坚守与变通并不是对立的，而是相辅相成的。
写作时可以考虑对大众观点的“坚守”（独清独醒）与“变通”（与世推移）的误解进行逐一辩正，进而提出自己新颖独特的观点。
但要注意所写文章必须顾及两者关系，不可偏废。
一方面，坚守自我的原则是善于变通的底线，是一切变通赖以生根的基石。
在坚守基本原则和底线的前提下，适当地灵活变通，方能事半功倍，寻到问题的最优解。
高三三模语文试题练习七及答案解析
如今不少中小学生都有一周每天每个时间段的自律打卡本或自律打卡表，用各种颜色标记全天时间轴；一些青年参加了诸如30天运动打卡训练营或百日阅读自律营，每天标记这是完成的第几天，距离目标还差几天；一些成年人每次吃饭都会带上一台电子秤，计算食物精确到克来控制热量……越来越多的人开始把生活数字化，并把这种新方式命名为“量化生活”。
量化人生目标、精确时间管理让人生具有目标感、掌控感，但也带来了一些思考：人的生活究竟能否被量化？人生必须量化吗？请结合材料写一篇文章，体现你的感悟与思考。
要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
审题指导：问题情境的内容，聚焦现实生活热点问题，贴近生活实际；问题情境的主题，导向鲜明，引导当代青少年积极关注生动鲜活的社会生活，运用科学的方法理性地思辨，去伪存真，把握本质，并在这一过程中培养自己的良好的生活态度。
角度一：“量化”是规划管理，是高效行事，是掌握感，是提升生活品质的途径。
量化具体到实施数字标准，可行性高，于是人们变得更加理性与务实，不拘泥于现状，更有理想与抱负。
量化让人们清晰地明白了自己在同领域里与他人的差距，数据的客观利于全方位认识自我，正视自我⋯⋯诸如此类，都促使人们着手规划人生，把握时间，追求积极上进又自律的生活。
角度二：“量化生活”是程序化，是枷锁，是遏制压抑，会让人陷入自我焦虑。
量化让一些人剑走偏锋，因为与数据的深度捆绑，事无巨细的给自己布置任务，仿佛被困在充满数据的牢笼里，充斥着无穷尽的自我怀疑和挫败感，陷入无法自我救赎的精神内耗里。
角度三：量化生活于个人发展有一定作用，但如果运用不当，于己于人都会造成严重的危害。
以人为本，以生活为本，这应当是我们量化生活的根，离开了这个根，人生的色彩必然黯淡无光。
所以要理性地认识它，合理地运用它。
【参考立意】量化生活有目标，诗意人生更美好。
拒绝过分量化，人生还要有情有意。
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高三每日一练（七）时间：54分钟分值：54分一、语言文字运用（20分）阅读下面的文字,完成1——3题。
历史上许多发明家受到缅怀和崇敬，但一个叫米基利的却被称为“20世纪最声名狼藉的发明家”，这个评价也许稍欠公允。
平心而论，我们今天生活中的不少便利，还得益于米基利的贡献，但人类面临的几项重大环境灾难，却也________地要归咎于米基利的发明。
1912年汽车马达点火的发明让用户摆脱了摇把启动的费力和危险，但还有个难题便是气缸运行中经常发生“爆震”，即火花塞把压缩混合气体点燃后，缸内远处油气便自行因高温高压在火焰到达前燃烧产生“逆火”，爆出刺耳的金属敲击声，并与“主火焰”相冲撞造成燃烧室压力失常。
因此，克服“爆震”成为汽车行业发展的________。
米基利担负了解决这个难题的使命，他果然________，找到一种汽油添加剂——四乙基铅。
10加仑汽油中放进不到1盎司四乙基铅便能完全消除“爆震”。
( )。
当铅进入人的体内后便会“鱼目混珠”，被误当作钙、铁、锌吸收并沉积在骨骼中，给人造成永久性血液疾病。
1986年美国市场98%的汽油已经不再含铅，世界各国先后出台了禁止含铅汽油的法令。
虽然________，但不能完全杜绝，仅20世纪70年代的美国，每年要向环境中排放20万吨铅。
后世人虽不认识米基利，却必须为他带来的环境债买单。
1．依次填入文中横线上的成语，全部恰当的一项是(3分)( ) A．不容置喙当务之急不孚众望知过必改B．无可争辩当务之急不负众望亡羊补牢C．无可争辩燃眉之急不孚众望亡羊补牢D．不容置喙燃眉之急不负众望知过必改2．文中画横线的部分有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是(3分)( ) A．缸内远处油气便自行因高温高压在火焰到达前燃烧产生“逆火”，与“主火焰”相冲撞造成燃烧室压力失常，并爆出刺耳的金属敲击声。
B．缸内远处油气便因高温高压在火焰到达前自行燃烧产生“逆火”，爆出刺耳的金属敲击声，并与“主火焰”相冲撞造成燃烧室压力失常。
C．缸内远处油气便因高温高压在火焰到达前燃烧自行产生“逆火”，与“主火焰”相冲撞造成燃烧室压力失常，并爆出刺耳的金属敲击声。
D．缸内远处油气便因高温高压在火焰到达前自行燃烧产生“逆火”，与“主火焰”相冲撞造成燃烧室压力失常，并爆出刺耳的金属敲击声。
3．下列在文中括号内补写的语句，最恰当的一项是(3分)( ) A．消除“爆震”带来了汽车销量激增，但铅也从此开始危害人类B．“爆震”的消除带来汽车销量激增，但人们从此开始受到铅的危害C．“爆震”的消除带来汽车销量激增，但铅也从此开始危害人类D．消除“爆震”带来了汽车销量激增，但人们从此开始受到铅的危害4．下面是一封求职信的正文，其中有五处表述不够规范，请找出并作修改。
(5分)我是北方大学机械制造专业的莘莘学子，成绩优秀，身体健康，表达能力强。
从报纸上垂阅了贵公司招聘人才的广告，惠顾了贵公司的网站，得知了招聘工程人员的消息，我决定应聘。
现惠赠我的相关资料，如有意向，请尽快与我洽谈。
5．下面是科学家波特尔与罗勒曾提出的一种激励模式的示意图。
请用简洁的语言概括表述这种激励模式，60个字左右。
(6分)二、文言文阅读(本题共4小题，19分)阅读下面的文言文，完成6～9题。
刘定之，字主静，永新人。
幼有异禀。
父授之书，日诵数千言。
不令作文，一日偶见所为《祀灶文》，大异之。
举正统元年会试第一，殿试及第，授编修。
京城大水，应诏陈十事，言：“号令宜出大公，裁以至正，不可苟且数易。
公卿侍从，当数召见，察其才能心术而进退之。
降人散处京畿者，宜渐移之南方。
郡县职以京朝官补，使迭相出入，内外无畸重。
荐举之法不当拘五品以上可仿唐制朝臣迁秩举一人自代吏部籍其名而简用之武臣子孙教以韬略守令牧养为先务，毋徒取干办。
群臣遭丧，乞永罢起复以教孝。
僧尼蠹国当严绝。
富民输粟授官者，有犯宜追夺。
”疏入留中。
十三年，弟寅之与乡人相讦，辞连定之，下狱，得白。
秩满，进侍讲。
景帝即位，复上言十事。
书奏，帝优诏答之。
三年，迁洗马。
也先使者乞遣报使，帝坚不许。
定之疏引故事以请，帝下廷议，竟不果遣。
宪宗立，进太常少卿，兼侍读学士，直经筵。
江西、湖广灾，有司方征民赋。
定之言国储充积，仓庾至不能容，而此张口待哺之氓，乃责其租课，非圣主恤下意。
帝感其言，即命停征。
四年，进礼部左侍郎。
万贵妃专宠，皇后希得见，储嗣未兆。
郕王女及笄未下嫁。
定之因久旱，并论及之。
且请经筵兼讲太祖御制诸书，斥异端邪教，勿令害政耗财。
帝留其疏不下。
五年，卒官。
赠礼部尚书，谥文安。
定之谦恭质直，以文学名一时。
尝有中旨命制元宵诗，内使却立以俟。
据案伸纸，立成七言绝句百首。
又尝一日草九制，笔不停书。
有质宋人名字者，就列其世次，若谱系然，人服其敏博。
(选自《明史·刘定之传》，有删改)6．下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是(3分)( ) A．荐举之法不当/拘五品以上/可仿唐制/朝臣迁秩/举一人自代/吏部籍其名而简用之/武臣子孙/教以韬略/B．荐举之法/不当拘五品以上/可仿唐制/朝臣迁秩举一人/自代/吏部籍其名而简用之/武臣子孙/教以韬略/C．荐举之法不当/拘五品以上/可仿唐制/朝臣迁秩举一人/自代/吏部籍其名而简用之/武臣子孙/教以韬略/D．荐举之法/不当拘五品以上/可仿唐制/朝臣迁秩/举一人自代/吏部籍其名而简用之/武臣子孙/教以韬略/7．下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是(3分)( ) A．会试，是中国古代科举制度中的中央考试，应考者为各省的举人，录取者称为“贡士”，第一名称为“会元”。
B．京畿，指京城及其附近的地区。
从周代开始，把王城周围千里的地域称为“王畿”，汉魏时期始有“京畿”之称。
C．经筵，指汉唐以来帝王为讲论经史而特别设置的御前讲席，置讲官以翰林学士或其他官员充任或兼任。
D．及笄，古代女子满15岁结发，用笄贯之，所以称女子15岁为“及笄”，举行及笄礼时要为女子正式起名。
8．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是(3分)( ) A．刘定之天赋极高，科考顺遂。
他幼时每天诵读数千言，所写文章让父亲感到惊异；他参加会试获第一名，殿试及第，被授予编修的职位。
B．刘定之忧心国事，敢于谏言。
京城水灾他应诏陈事，从号令颁布、公卿侍从升降、归降之人的安排、推举朝臣等方面提出自己的看法。
C．刘定之体恤灾民，为民请命。
江西、湖广受灾，有关官员还在征收老百姓的赋税，他向皇帝提出减轻赋税的建议，被皇帝采纳。
D．刘定之聪敏博学，文采斐然。
他能一次写出百首绝句，一天起草九份诏书；有人问他宋人的名字，他能列出被问之人的世次。
9．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(10分)(1)公卿侍从，当数召见，察其才能心术而进退之。
(2)定之疏引故事以请，帝下廷议，竟不果遣。
三、古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）阅读下面两首词，完成10～11题。
江南曲沈括新秋拂水无行迹，夜夜随潮过江北。
西风卷雨上半天，渡口微吟含晓碧。
城头鼓响日脚垂，天际笼烟锁山色。
高楼索莫临长陌，黄竹①一声无北客。
时平②田苦少人耕，唯有芦花满江白。
注①黄竹：竹篙，代指撑船人。
②时平：太平时代。
10．下列对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项是(3分)( )A．诗歌开头两句交代季节特征，描写秋风掠过江水，乘夜随江潮到江北的情景。
B．“笼”“锁”描写清晨时分的景象，天边的云烟笼罩着山峰，像要锁住山色一般。
C．“高楼”句写高楼临近大路本该热闹，但因天色尚早、行人稀少而显得寂静。
D．诗歌最后两句用田野少人和江上芦花白对比，营造出一种孤单、寂寞的意境。
11．从艺术手法的角度简要赏析诗歌第四句。
(6分)四、名句名篇默写（本题共1小题，6分）12．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
(1)《岳阳楼记》中，用动静结合的手法描写洞庭湖月夜美景的句子是“____________，____________”。
(2)《逍遥游》中写宋荣子看淡了世间的荣辱，他对于世人诽谤的看法是“__________”，他对于世间的一切的态度是“____________”。
(3)杜甫《登高》中，“___________”一句用树木萧瑟的景象传达诗人的悲凉心境，诗人漂泊万里作客他乡，面对以往最爱的酒都“___________”。
参考答案（上下滑动即可翻阅答案）1．B[不容置喙：不容许别人插嘴说话。
无可争辩：没有什么可以辩论的。
从语境来看，此处应是“确定无疑”的意思，故用“无可争辩”。
当务之急：当前急切应办的事。
燃眉之急：像火烧眉毛那样非常紧急的情况。
语境强调的是汽车行业要紧急办的事，应用“当务之急”。
不负众望：不辜负群众的期望。
不孚众望：不能使众人信服。
根据语境可知此处应用“不负众望”。
知过必改：知道自己的过错，就一定要改正。
亡羊补牢：比喻在受到损失之后想办法补救，免得以后再受类似的损失。
“知过必改”说的是“自己”，语境中说的是世界各国的做法，应用“亡羊补牢”。
]2．D[画线句存在两处语序问题。
第一处是“自行”的位置不当。
多项状语的排列顺序是目的＋原因＋时间＋处所＋范围＋情态＋对象＋中心语，所以应是“因高温高压”(原因)＋“在火焰到达前”(时间)＋“自行”(情态)＋“燃烧”(动词中心语)。
第二处是“爆出刺耳的金属敲击声”和“与‘主火焰’相冲撞造成燃烧室压力失常”顺序不当，与“主火焰”相冲撞的是之前产生的“逆火”，在这一过程中爆出了金属敲击声。
所以两句应互换位置。
分析四个选项可以发现，只有D项解决了这两处语病。
]3．C[括号前提到“消除‘爆震’”，那么括号内所填的内容，用“‘爆震’的消除”领起句子比用“消除‘爆震’”领起句子衔接性更好，据此排除A、D两项。
括号后说的是铅是怎样危害人类的，那么此处提及铅危害人类更合适，据此排除B项。
]4．(示例)①“莘莘学子”改为“应届毕业生”或“学生”。
②“垂阅”改为“拜读”。
③“惠顾”改为“浏览”。
④“惠赠”改为“寄上”。
⑤“洽谈”改为“联系”。
5．(示例)用激励来激发努力；如果又有正确的方向和必备的技能，势必产生绩效，而公平地评价绩效，又能使人感到满足，进而形成自觉的努力。
6．D[从意思上看，画波浪线部分是刘定之的建议里的内容，“荐举之法/不当拘五品以上”的意思是“推举的标准，不应当限制在五品以上”，“荐举之法不当/拘五品以上”的意思是“推举的标准不恰当，限制五品以上”，根据语境来看，前一种断句恰当。
由此排除A、C两项。
从结构来看，“朝臣迁秩举一人自代”中，“朝臣迁秩”是主谓结构，“举一人自代”则是一个省略句，省略主语“朝臣”，“朝臣迁秩”与“举一人自代”之间应该断开，由此排除B项。
] 7．D[“举行及笄礼时要为女子正式起名”错，一般来说，女子及笄时会取字。
]8．C[“提出减轻赋税的建议”错误，根据原文可知，刘定之反对在灾年收取赋税的做法。