讲解-四六级翻译
四六级翻译讲义考研资料
四六级翻译讲义主讲老师：薛非一、大纲解读四级考试：要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度较低的汉语段落翻译成英语。
段落内容涉及中国文化、历史及社会发展。
译文基本准确地表达原文的意思，语句通顺，句式和用词较为恰当。
能运用基本的翻译策略。
能在半个小时内将长度为140到160个汉字的段落译成英语。
六级考试：要求考生能将题材熟悉、语言难度中等的汉语段落翻译成英语。
段落内容涉及中国的文化、历史及社会发展。
译文基本准确地表达原文的意思，语句流畅，句式运用恰当，用词贴切。
能较好地运用翻译策略。
能在半个小时内将长度为180到200个汉字的段落译成英语。
档次描述14分档译文准确表达了原文的意思。
译文流畅，结构清晰，用词贴切，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
11分档译文基本表达了原文的意思。
结构较为清晰，语言通顺，但有少量语言错误。
8分档译文勉强表达了原文的意思。
译文勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。
5分档译文仅表达了小部分原文的意思。
译文连贯性差，有相当多的严重语言错误。
2分档除个别词语或句子，译文基本没有表达原文的意思。
二、提高方式要想提高汉英翻译，以下三点为必经之路：掌握英汉对比、学习翻译技巧、大量刻意练习。
1.形合vs.意和●语法范畴：词性、冠词、单复数、时态、语态、语气、及物、比较。
●句法范畴：英文严谨，多长难句，多指代；汉语自由，多小短句，多缺失。
金庸是著名作家。
知己知彼，百战不殆。
I won’t go until he comes.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?他走了进来，鼻子冻得通红。
小红的头发比小明长。
那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。
There’s life’s rhythm is slower than most Chinese cities.Rhythm of life there is slower than most Chinese cities’.The pace of life there is slower than that of most Chinese cities.2.被动vs.主动●英文多被动，汉语多主动与隐形被动。
英语四六级--翻译
英语四六级--翻译Unit 1焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver or the Cow Herder and the Weaver Maid封建礼教feudal ethical codes善有善报，恶有恶报Good will be rewarded with good and evil repaid with evil《山海经》Classics of Mountians and seas精卫填海Jingwei Determines to fill up the seaUnit 2饮食疗法dietotherapy or food therapy色香味color, aroma and taste美食家gourmet南甜北咸东辣西酸Sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east.中国四大菜系Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine八大菜系eight main schools of Chineses Cuisine点心Dim Sum鉴别诊断differential diagnosis礼仪之邦land of ceremony and propriety良药苦口Good medicine tastes bitter.控制阴阳失调to conterbalance the Yin-yang disequilibriumUnit 3衣食住行clothing, food, shelter and transportation曲裾curving-front robe直裾straight-front robe战国时期Warring States Period男女授受不亲to avoid close contact of the male and the female唐装Tang Costume盘扣buttonhole loop玉珮jade ornamentUnit 4道家四象the four Taoist quadrants风水先生 a geomancer皇陵the imperial mausoleum宗庙或祠堂the ancestral temple天坛the Temple of Heaven塔pagoda莫高窟the Mogao Grottoes天人合一unity of Heaven and man拙政园Humble Administrattor's Garden卢沟桥的狮子数不清The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountableUnit 5世界遗产名录List of World Heritage金丝猴golden snub-nosed monkey人间仙境Fairy Land on Earth五岳Five Sacred Mountains有眼不识泰山One who fails to recognize a somebody has been compared to a person unable to see Mt.Tai.稳如泰山as stable as Mt. Tai会当凌绝顶，一览众山小Only by ascending Mt. Tai will you find how dwarfish all mountains under heaven are.五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳I find it no longer worth my while to look at a mountain after visiting the five sacred mountains. No longer do I find it worth my while to look at the sacred five after returning from Huangshan.四川大熊猫自然保护区Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries云南三江并流Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas国家风景区National seenic area桂林山水甲天下The scenery in Guilin is unparalleled in the world( or topped all under heaven)阳朔山水甲桂林The montains and waters in Yangshuo are even better than those in GuilinUnit 6烽火台beacon tower天下第一关the World’s First Pass故宫the Palace Museum（the Forbidden City）秦始皇陵Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor《史记》The Historical Records兵马俑Terra cotta legions释迦牟尼Sakyamuni（皇帝）登基ascend the throne腐败无能的政府corrupt and impotent government天圆地方round Heaven and square EarthUnit 7春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节Tomb Sweeping Day or the Clear Bright Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Festival泼水节Water Sprinkling Festival那达慕the Nadam Fair火把节the Torch Festival阴历the lunar calendar公历Gregorian calendar年糕sticky cakes红包lucky money in little red envelopes春联spring couplets年画New Year pictures舞狮Lion Dances闰月an intercalary month年饭the New Year feast元宵glutinous rice dumplings stuffed with various sweet fillings赛龙舟dragon boat races粽子pyramid-shaped dumplings with glutinous rice吉祥话auspicious messages秋分the autumn equinox月饼moon cake《易经》I-Ching (the Book of Changes)登高节Height Ascending Festival赏菊enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum中国生肖the Chinese zodiac五行the Five Elements算命fortune telling护身符talismans相手术palmistry相面face reading皇道吉日之类的almanacs红色等同于财富Red is synonymous with wealth.火化cremation避邪to avoid epidemies七夕节the Double Seventh Festival礼轻情意重 A gift may be insignificant, but it carries tremendous friendshipUnit 8绢花silk flower漆器lacquer wares景泰蓝cloisonné enamel青铜器bronze wares唐三彩the Tang tricolor ceramics盆景bonsai司线戊方鼎Simuwu Quadripod陶器earthenware新石器时代the Neolithic Age刺绣embroidery钟鼎文inscription甲骨文tortoise shell script青花瓷the blue and white porcelainUnit 9岁寒三友three friends of winter君子四艺the four skills of a learned scholar to pursue挂轴hanging scroll工笔画gongbi or meticulous brushwork山水画landscape painting国粹quintessence of Chinese culture小篆the Small Seal Script隶书the Official Script草书the Cursive Script行书the Running Script楷书the Regular Script文房四宝four treasures of the study花鸟图flower and bird painting出淤泥而不染come out of the mire without being sneared Unit 10《赵氏孤儿》An Orphan of the Zhao Family《15贯》Fifteen Strings of Coppers《空城计》The Ruse of an Empty City《白蛇传》The Story of a White Snake《贵妃醉酒》The Drunken Concubine《岳母刺字》Yuefei’s Mother Tattooing His Back《打渔杀家》Fisherman’s Revenge《二进宫》Entering the Palace for the Second Time《霸王别姬》Farewell My Concubine《群英会》Gathering of Heroes《乌盆记》The Story of the Black Basin《宝莲灯》The Lotus Lantern《智取威虎山》Takeover of Tiger Mountain四大名旦Four Major Dan Roles梵语SanskritUnit 11中医TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)望observation闻auscultation and olfaction问interrogation切pulse feeling and palpation经络channels or meridian中草药herbal medicine针灸acupuncture艾灼moxibustion拔罐cupping推拿massage刮痧guasha五行相生结构：金水木火土The Generating cycleMetal produces water, water nourishes wood, wood fuels fire, fire makes earth, earth yields metal.五行相克结构：金木土水火The Regulating CycleMetal can cut wood, wood can contain earth, earth can absorb water, water can extinguish fire, fire can melt metalUnit 15九歌Nine Songs木兰辞the Ballad of Mulan《西厢记》The West Chamber《诗经》The Book of Songs《离骚》Lament of Encountering Sorrow or Sorrow after departure《孔雀东南飞》Southeast the peacock flies《全唐诗》The complete Anthology of the Tang Dynasty初唐四杰the four preeminent poets of the early Tang Dynasty诗仙the Immortal of Poems诗圣Sage of the Poems山水田园诗人pastoral poets边塞诗人frontier poets熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。
大学英语四六级翻译详解
二.核心语法
这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法
考题部分考点的重现和转移,大家务必要 重视。尽管词汇单选题现在不考了,但还 是不能忽视这部分题目,因为考点是一致 的。核心语法考点有虚拟语气、倒装结 构、从句、非谓语动词等。
3. (2009年12月) The more exercise you take, the less likely you are to catch a cold (你越不 大可能得感冒).
解析：由题干中的 The more可知， 所译部分要用 “the + 比较级”结构.另外还有两个固定短语 be likely to do sth. 和catch a cold.
recommend, urge, insist,等表示要求、建议、命令等意思 的词后面跟的宾语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”
3. (2010年6月) It is suggested that the air conditioner (should) be fixed/installed by the window (要安装在窗户旁)。
2. (2009年12月) Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers (与消费者不 断增长的需求保持同步).
解析：此处考一个固定短语“与…保持同步”。 “不断增长的” 也可用constantly rising/growing.
6. (2009年6月) If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary _w_o_u_ld_n_’t__h_av_e__b_ee_n__ca_u_g_h_t_b_y_t_h_e_r_a_in___(就不
大学英语四六级段落翻译--Poverty Relief
China has the second largest number of poor people in the world, only after India. Although the overall living standard in China is rising, the gaps between rural areas and metropolises, and the coastal area in East China and inland area remain strikingly obvious. China is one of the most unevenly developing countries in Asia. Although the majority of Chinese feel that they have a higher living standard than their parents, there are rising concerns over inequality corruption and consumer rights protection. China is relentlessly working hard to fix these problems so as to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.
英语四级翻译附答案和讲解
英语四级翻译附答案和讲解英语四级翻译附答案和讲解1：在中国,琴(qin)是所有中国乐器中最令人尊敬的，它大约有5000年的历史。
早在战国时期的孔子时代，古琴(guqin)已成为才子们必弹的乐器。
古琴数千年来一直与才子(gifted scholar)们的生活密切相关。
他们弹奏古琴来表达自己的情感和梦想。
古琴甚至已经超越了音乐的范畴，成为了良好人格的象征。
大量古琴杰作被保存了下来，组成了中国音乐巨大的、有价值的音乐集锦。
参考翻译:In China, qin is the most respectable of all Chinese musical instruments,and it has a histoiy ofabout 5,000 years.As early as the age of Confucius in the Warring States Period, guqin hasalready been the must-play musical instrument for gifted scholars.Guqin is closely associatedwith life of gifted scholars for thousands of years.They play this instrument to express theiremotions and dreams.Guqin has even already surpassed the scope of music,and become thesymbol of good personality.A large number of guqin masterpieces were left,which form thehuge and valuable collection of Chinese music.1.在中国，琴是所有中国乐器中最令人尊敬的，它大约有5000年的历史：“最令人尊敬的”可译为themost respectable，respectable表示“值得尊敬的”respectful意为“对人尊敬的”，respected表示“受人尊敬的”;“有...的历史”可译为 have a histoiy of。
四六级中成语翻译
(一)并列关系名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills青山绿水green hills and clear waters奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences(二) 语意重复广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest延年益寿prolong one’s life灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure长治久安a long period of stability求真务实pragmatic审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell.吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography德高望重of high ability and integrity互利互补mutually complementary and beneficial互谅互让mutual understanding and accommodation遵纪守法observe the relevant code of conduct and the law(三) 目的关系减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one(四) 途径方式寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business(五) 偏正词组廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented(六) 动宾关系优势互补complement each other’s advantages自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses(七) 条件关系不进则退no progress simply means regression (八) 省略意象瞻前顾后over cautions and indecisive源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace浩如烟海的文化典籍numerous volumes of literature。
英语翻译——四六级
京剧是中国的国粹，也是招待外宾必不可少的项目。
Peking Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture. As such, it has become a must-see item to entertain foreign guests.然而作为一门古老的艺术，京剧却有着难以被现代人接受的元素。
As a traditional art form, Peking Opera has problems in appealing to today’s theater-goers.它缓慢而单调。
京剧服装和脸谱反而更受人们喜爱。
It is very slow and monotonous. Its costumes and facial masks are more attractive.戏服是以明代服饰的样式作为基础的，色彩艳丽。
袖口处的两块长长的白绸在舞动的时候有一种美感。
There is a very distinct Ming Dynasty influence on Peking Opera costumes. They are very colorful and majestic（庄严的，宏伟的）. Two long pieces of white silk at the end of the sleeves creates a graceful feeling during dancing.京剧脸谱可以展现不同人物性格。
京剧脸谱的颜色可以反映出一个人物的忠奸。
Facial masks can reflect the qualities of different characters. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of their masks.比如黑色代表正直，白色代表奸人，黄色代表勇敢，蓝、绿色代表绿林好汉。
四六级翻译
1. 木版年画 (wood engraving picture) 是一种传统民间艺术 , 是自雕版印刷术 (block printing) 发明以后至近代印刷术出现之前最富特色的图画传播形式,至今仍在民间流传。
挂木版年画是春节一系列庆祝活动的一项重要内容。
它来源于中国古代的门神，其题材极其广泛。
作为独特的民间艺术 ,木版年画的艺术表现力与众不同。
在创作上,木版年画不受时间和空间的限制。
在技法上 ,木版年画继承了我国传统的勾线 (sketching) 技法。
Woodcut New Year pictures is a kind of traditional folk art, after engraving printing was invented to modern printing before the advent of the most characteristic form of picture transmission, to now is still in the folk wisdom. Hang a woodcut New Year pictures is the Spring Festival series of celebration - important content. It comes from the ancient Chinese goalkeeper ， its subject matter is extremely broad. As a unique folk art, wood version of New Year pictures of different artistic expression. On the creation, wood version of New Year pictures is not restricted by time and space. On techniques, wood pictures inherited the cancel of the traditional Chinese techniques2. 阴历 (lunar calendar) 丿八月十五是中国两大传统节日之一的中秋节(另一个是春节 )。
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★考点归纳▪（一）句法考查1、虚拟语气2、非谓语动词(分词、不定式、动名词)3、从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)4、特殊结构（强调句型、倒装句）5、情态动词▪（二）短语考查（一）句法考查1、虚拟语气a. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中2006年6月24日新题型真题The professor required that ______ (我们交研究报告)。
Key: we hand in / turn in our research report(s)wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气：☆对过去的虚拟：过去完成式He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ____ (当时在那里).Key: had been there☆对现在的虚拟：一般过去式Sometimes I wish I _____ (生活在) in a different time and a different place.Key: were living☆对将来的虚拟：would + 动词原形b.虚拟语气用于It is adj./n.that 结构中It is essential that these application forms ______ (尽早寄出去).Key: be sent as early as possible此结构的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, elementary, essential, important, incredible, vital, obligatory, strange, urgent, crucial,compulsory, necessary, etc. 它们多半表示“重要性”“必要性”和“合适性”，有较强的建议命令和规劝色彩此结构的名词包括:a pity, a shame, no wonder thatc. 虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中The suggestion that the mayor _____ (颁奖) was accepted by everyone.Key : (should) present / award the prizes类似的名词有：advice, decision, demand, order, instruction, command, motion, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion等表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪的名词d. 虚拟语气用于状语从句中1) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______ (伤害自己). Key: (should) injure himself2) He was punished lest he ____________ (再犯同样的错误).Key: (should) make the same mistakes againlest 或for fear that 引导的目的状语从句，用should + 动词原形。
She hurried to school ___________ (生怕迟到).Key: for fear that she (should) be late for class但in case 引导的目的状语从句，不一定用should + 动词原形，可以用陈述语气。
Give me your telephone number, ______________ (以便我需要你的帮助).Key: in case I need your helpTake the umbrella with you ______ (万一下雨).Key: in case it rains比较：The games will be postponed in case it snows.The games will be postponed in case it should snow.注：in case it snows比in case it should snow可能性大些e.虚拟语气用于某些特定结构中▲If onlyLook at the terrible situation I am in! If only I __________ (听从了你的建议).Key: had followed your advice与wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气一样：对过去的虚拟：过去完成式对现在的虚拟：一般过去式对将来的虚拟：would + 动词原形▲ would rather + 从句I’d rather you __________ (不带那些重要文件) with you.Key: didn’t take those important documents历年考题：1) You don’t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you went on business first.2) I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.3) Frankly speaking, I’d rather you didn’t do anything about it for the time being.4) Wouldn’t you rather your child went to bed early?5) The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.▲ It’s (high) time that 从句All of us agree that it’s time_____________ (我们采取相应的行动).Key: we took proper actionIt’s (high) time that +主语+过去时It’s (high) time that +主语+should +V.例：It’s time that you had a class.It’s time that you should have a class.可用It’s time for sb. to do sth.代替It’s time (for you) to have a class.注：用should+V.时, should不可省，但不如过去式普通2.非谓语动词——分词、动名词、不定式1) __________ (求职面试之后), you will be required to take a language test.Key: After being interviewed for the job2) _________ (这么多董事缺席), the board meeting had to be put off.Key: So many directors being absent3) What a lovely party! It’s worth ____ (终身铭记).Key: remembering all my life4) As a public relation officer, he is said ________ (认识一些很有影响力的人).Key: to know some very influential people5) If the building project _______ (需要在月底完工的) is delayed, the construction company willbe fined.Key: to be completed by the end of this month只接动名词的动词admit, anticipate, avoid, appreciate, delay, deny, escape, mind, quit, recommend, resist, suggest, miss, practise, favour, imagine, dislike, finish, etc.只接动名词的固定结构be busy (in), be engaged in,, can’t help/ stand, resist, feel like, give up, have a good time, have difficulty/ trouble (in), keep/ prevent/ stop sb. from, put off, spend t ime (in), It’s no use, There is no use/need (in), be proud of, etc.2006年6月24日新题型真题Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _______(找到去历史博物馆的路).Key: finding the way to the history museum带介词to的短语后接动名词abandon oneself to（纵情于）, be addicted to（成瘾）, stick to（坚持）, admit to（承认，坦白）, confess to(承认), give one’s mind to（全神贯注于）, yield to（屈服，让步）, lead to, look forward to, object to, devote one’s life to, be/get used to, be accustomed to, etc.接不定式作宾语的动词want, afford, attempt, choose, expect, offer, happen, hesitate, pretend, proceed, resolve, seek, threaten, volunteer, wish, aim, determine, manage, decide etc.3.从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)a. 名词性从句1) We agreed to accept _________ (任何他们认为最好的) tourist guide.Key: whoever they thought was the best2) In some countries, ___________ (所谓的平等) does not really mean equal rights for all people. Key: what is called equalityb. 定语从句1) _____ (正如所料), the response to the question was very mixed.Key: As had been expected2) The British are not so familiar with different cultures and customs, ____ (正如经常发生在其他国家的情况一样).Key: as is often the case in other countries3) All _______(合理的) is not necessarily practicable.Key: that is reasonable关系代词只用that不用which的情况：当先行词是all, anything, everything, none, nothing, something 等代词时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被the very/same, the only, few, little, much, one of 等修饰时先行词既有人又有物时，宜用thatc. 状语从句1) No sooner _________ (我们一到山顶) than we all sat down to rest.Key: had we reached the top of the hillPattern: no sooner had… than+陈述句语序hardly/barely/scarcely had… when +陈述句语序2) _____ (家也许很简陋), there’s no place like home, wherever he may go.Key: Humble as it may be (as引导的让步状语从句)3）_________ (尽管她很富有), she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.Key: Wealthy/Rich as she is状语从句的特殊引导词◎ Now ___________ (既然你熟悉了) the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.Key: that you are familiar with (now that 由于，既然注：其中that可省)◎ Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in ____________ (因为它有助于) find and correct our mistakes.Key: that it helps to (`in that 因为)◎He handled the instrument with care for fear that________(生怕把它弄坏)Key: he break it/ it be broken◎The radio was of ________ (这么差的质量) that I took it back and asked for a better one. Key: such poor / inferior quality◎He will surely finish the job on time as ____ (只要让他用自己的方式去做).Key: long as he’s left/allowed to do it in his own way◎____________ (政府才能有效运行) unless it is free from such interference.Key: Government can’t work efficiently(注意中英文的差别)◎I’m sure he is up to the job, if ____________ (只要他肯用心).Key: only he would give his mind to it◎ We should be able to do the job quickly, ____ that _________ (如果你给我们) the necessary information.Key: providing / provided; you give us◎Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ____________ (即使那意味着要排一整夜的队). Key: even if it means standing in a queue all night◎Even _________ (虽然惩罚是不公平的), Helen accepted it without complaint.Key: though the punishment was unjust/ unfaireven if 和even thoughEven if 即使，纵使，有强烈的假设性例：Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, yet she still loves him.)Even though 尽管，虽然，以该句的内容为前提，是事实。