2018-2019学年上海市宝山中学高三上英语期中试卷

宝山中学2019届高三英语第一学期期中试卷I.Listening ComprehensionII.Grammar and VocabularySection AThere are many superstitions(迷信)in Britain,but one of___21___(widely)held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder,even if it means___22___(step)off the pavement into a busy street.If you___23___________ pass under a ladder,you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them___24___(cross)until you’ve seen a dog.Alternatively,you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe,and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house—it will___25___bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the household.Moreover,___26___opens an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number13is said to be unlucky for some,and when the13th day of the month falls___27___a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors.The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror,as it brings seven years of bad luck!The superstition is said___28___(originate)in ancient times,when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cat are generally considered lucky in Britain,___29___________they are often associated with witchcraft(巫术).It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path–although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally,a commonly held superstition is that of touching wood for luck.This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something___30___is tempting fate,such as“my car has never broken down,touch wood?”Section BBritish cuisine（烹饪）has developed quickly in recent years as chefs（厨师）combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a(n)___31___for being so bad?Because it is bad!Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants,Alfie's by KEE,but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past15years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England,"the English chef says,citing the___32___in British cuisine for better ingredients,preparation and cooking methods,and more ___33___presentation.Chefs such as Delia Smith,Nigel Slater,Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realize that cooking-and eating-didn't have to be a boring thing.“It’s no longer the case that the common man in England is___34___to show he knows about food,”Tomes says."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food,"Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement.The problems with the nation's cuisine can be___35___back to the Second World War.Before the War,much of Britain's food was___36___from other countries and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country,Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the1950s,technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food,"Tomes says."And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats,organic produce or beautiful___37___;they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on,and this___38___of quantity to quality was popular for decades,meaning ageneration was brought up with food that couldn't___39___with neighboring France,Italy,Belgium or Spain. Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable,it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after9p.m.But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的)scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to___40___the tastes of any international visitor.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AMolecular biologist（分子生物学家）Elizabeth Blackburn shared a Nobel Prize for her research on telomeres （端粒）--structures at the tips of chromosomes（染色体）that play a key role in cellular（细胞的）aging.___41___ she was frustrated that important health implications of her work weren’t reaching beyond academia.So long with psychologist Elissa Epel,she has published her findings in a new book___42___a general audience—laying out a scientific case that may give readers___43___to keep their new year’s resolutions to not smoke,eat well,sleep enough,exercise regularly,and___44___stress.The main message of“The Telomere Effect,”being___45___Tuesday,is that you have more control over your own aging than you may imagine.You can actually___46___your telomeres—and perhaps your life—by following sound health advice,the authors argue,based on a review of thousands of studies.“Telomeres listen to you,they listen to your___47___,they listen to your state of mind,”said Blackburn, president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla,Calif.Telomeres sit at the end of strands of DNA,like the___48___caps on shoelaces.Stress from a rough lifestyle will shorten those caps,making it more likely that cells with___49___dividing and essentially die.Too many of these senescent cells accelerates___50___,the pair say.This doesn’t cause any particular disease, but research suggests that it hastens the time when whatever your genes have in store will occur—so if you’re vulnerable to heart disease,you’re more likely to get it younger if your telomeres are shorter,said Epel,director of the University of California,San Francisco’s Aging,Metabolism and Emotions Center.“We can provide a new level of specificity and tell people more precisely with clues___51___from telomere science,what exact___52___is related to long telomeres,what exact foods are related to long telomeres,what aspects of sleep are more related to long telomeres,”Epel added.Other researchers in the field praised Blackburn and Epel’s efforts to make telomere research relevant to the general public,___53___several warned that it risked___54___the science.“I think it’s a very difficult thing to prove conclusively”that___55___can affect telomere length and therefore lifespan,said Harvard geneticist and anti-aging researcher David Sinclair.“To get cause-effect in humans is impossible,so it’s based on associations.”41.A.And B.Furthermore C.Thus D.But42.A.referred to B.convinced of rmed of D.aimed at43.A.warning B.appealing C.motivation D.implicationy emphasis on B.cut down onC.add toD.contribute to45.A.ignored B.overlooked C.exposed D.published46.A.shorten B.lengthen C.simplify D.reduce47.A.messages B.attitudes C.instincts D.behaviors48.A.inevitable B.progressive C.protective D.influential49.A.neglect B.initiate C.cease D.maintain50.A.human health B.human security C.human aging D.mental stress51.A.suffering B.emerging C.suspending D.profiting52.A.illness B.exercise C.gene D.smoking53.A.so B.or C.though D.because54.A.overestimating B.over-viewing C.underestimating D.oversimplifying55.A.symptom bination C.lifestyle D.stabilitySection B（A）My six-year-old granddaughter,Cailyn,and I stopped at a Tim Horton’s shop for a blueberry cake.As we were going out of the door,a young teenage boy was coming in.This young man had no hair on sides of his head with a set of blue spiked（竖起的）hair on top of it.One of his nostrils(鼻孔)was pierced（扎、穿）,and a ring ran through the hole and a chain went across his face and was attached to a ring he was wearing in his ear.He held a skateboard under one arm and a basketball under the other. Caitlyn,who was walking ahead of me,stopped at once when she saw the teenager,I thought he’d scared her and she’d frozen on the spot.I was wrong.My granddaughter backed up against the door and opened it as wide as it would go.Now I was face to face with the young man.I stepped aside and let him pass.His response was a polite“Thank you very much”.On our way to the car,I praised Caitlyn for her manners in holding open the door for the young man.She didn’t seem to be troubled by his appearance,but I wanted to make sure.If a grandmother’s talk about freedom of self-expression and allowing people their differences was in order,I wanted to be ready.As it turned out,the person who needed the talk was me.The only thing Caitlyn noticed about the teenager was the fact that his arms were full.“He would have a hard time to open the door.”I saw the partially shaved head,the set of spiked hair,the piercing and the chain.She saw a person carrying something under each arm and heading toward a closed door.In the future,I hope to get down on her level and raise my sights.56.What did the author think of the young man?A.FrighteningB.UncommonC.PoliteD.Funny57.Caitlyn helped the young man because______.A.she was scaredB.it would be difficult for him to open the doorC.she wanted to avoid himD.she didn’t notice his look58.The underlined sentence suggests that_____.A.a talk of freedom was useless for the granddaughterB.the author didn’t know how to give a talk on freedomC.the author was ashamed of herselfD.people should have more freedom to express themselves59.The author intends to tell us that_____.A.we shouldn’t judge a person by his lookB.we should allow people more freedom to dress differentlyC.we should more helpful and tolerant to peopleD.we shouldn’t be too particular about people in life（B）Jenny’s Problem ClinicLeaving home?Almost all young people and their parents will one day to face facts—it’s time to leave and it’s time to let go.Julia Stark is18and wants to leave home,but her parents would prefer to stay at home for now.60.It can be learned from the passage that_____.A.Julia and her parents didn’t talk much about her future.B.Julia played video games a lot but it didn’t affect her study.C.Julia and her parents had no conflicts until a few months agoD.Julia’s parents didn’t want to sacrifice a lot financially for her61.Julia and her parents fail to agree on______.A.whether leaving home is an emotional issue at allB.whether she needs to apply for a better universityC.whether grades are more important than independenceD.whether she can support herself by taking a part-time job62.How did Julia’s parents feel the moment Julia told them she wanted to leave home?A.AngryB.RelievedC.ShockedD.Satisfied（C）How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems?One of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways,our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship.Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival,and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing wealth,the rise of families with more than one wage earner,the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness.Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship.Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner,relatively well-off families.Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force,so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty.Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support.Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month,those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment,even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer.For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals,there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work,or else outside the labor force but wanting a job.Finally,income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled,and dependent,neglecting the needs of the working poor,so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence,it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions,and,hence,whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered(抵消)by job creation and economic stimulus.There is only one area of agreement in this debate--that the existing poverty,employment,and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications,measuring the consequences of labor market problems.63.In Paragraph2,the author contrasts the1930’s with the present in order to show that____.A.more people were unemployed in the1930’sB.income level has increased since the1930’sC.social programs are more in need nowD.Unemployment is more intolerable today64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one jobB.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacityC.Many unemployed people are from families where other members are workingbor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by__________.A.those doing a low-paid,part-time jobB.children in single-earner familiesC.workers who have just retiredD.full-time workers who become unemployed66.Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A.What causes labor market problems that result in sufferingB.Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of povertyC.When poverty,employment,and earnings figures agree with each other.D.How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related sufferingSection C:A.Everyone is different,and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.C.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.D.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.E.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of life.F.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.Last year,researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy,the ability to understand other people,among college students had dropped sharply over the past10years.__67__Today,people spendmoretime alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed,a co-director of a teen program,has another explanation.Turn on the TV,and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting,competing,and generally treating one another withno respect.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.Humans are socially related by nature.___68__ _Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect.Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness,sadness,anxiety,and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact,Free says,many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.___69___“Academics are important.But if you don’t have emotional intelligence,you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,”she says. What’s the best way to up you EQ（情商）?For starters,let down your guard and really listen to others.___70__To really develop empathy,you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital,join a club or a team that has a diverse membership,have a“sharing circle”with your family,or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.Ⅳ.Summary WritingLifelong LearningLifelong learning is the concept that it’s never too soon or too late for learning,a philosophy that has taken root in a whole host of different organizations.Albert Einstein,the famous scientist,summed up his way of thinking when he said,“learning is not a product of schooling,but the lifelong attempt to acquire it.”Lifelong learning provides adults with learning opportunities at all ages and in various contexts,at work, at home and through leisure activities,not just through formal channels such as school and higher education. In recent years,participation in adult education has increased in most European countries.In Britain,for example, 44第6页/共8页percent of adults participated in adult education programmes in2004,compared with40percent in the year2000. Lifelong education is a form of teaching often carried out though distance learning or e-learning,continuing education,homeschooling or correspondence courses.It includes postgraduate programmes for those who want to improve their qualifications,bring their skills up to date or retrain for a new line of work.Internal corporate training has similar goals.One of the reasons why lifelong education has become important is the acceleration in the progress of science and technology.Despite the increased length of primary,secondary and university education,the knowledge and skills gained there are usually not sufficient for a professional career over three or four decader.As an American educator has said,“learning prepares us for change.”Most important lifelong learning is about an attitude---that you can and should be open to new ideas,decisions, skills or behaviors.Lifelong learning does not accept the saying“you can’t teach an old dog new tricks.”Ⅴ.Translation72.出国留学的过程中会出现各种问题。